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Ahmad AimanWan Muhammad FahmiMuhammad FahmiMuhammad HafizEitrah TasnimNurul Elia Adila

NYLON( TEXTILE INDUSTRY )EH 222INTRODUCTIONHistory Invented by Wallace Carothers in 1940

Mostly commonly used polymers

Commercial production of nylon began in the 28th October 1938

- Nylon stocking being introduced as afabricat the1939 New York World's Fair.

- Nylon was the firstcommerciallysuccessful synthetic thermoplastic polymer

- Nylon was a synthetic replacement forsilkafter silk was hard to find duringWorld War II.

- in military applications such asparachutesandflak vests, and vehicle tires.

Famous Nylon stocking

Nylon parachute during world warIntroduction of nylonNylon is athermoplastic, silky material.

Family ofsynthetic polymersknown generically as aliphaticpolyamides

In the form longpolymerchains.

3 types of nylon

Nylons are synthetic polymers that can be molded into everyday products or fabrics.Eg. Sheet, carpet, tooth brush, umbrella, clothing, dishesNylons can be just about useful as wood, the natural versatile element presentThe discovery of nylons had truly changed the world

Nylon is general name for a family of nylons with different properties and characteristic.Nylon 6,6 is the most favor and commonly used in industry, patented by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (DuPont)Other nylon include nylon 6, nylon 6,12, and nylon 5,10.Some other material like Kevlar (superstrong, bulletproof vest) and Nomex ( fireproof, racing car suit and oven glooves) made by Du Pont, are also chemically related to nylonProperties of NYLON

The majorities of the nylons tends to be partial Crystals .

Generally very difficult to heat resistance and good chemistry.

Different types provide different properties .

Nylons can be used in high temperature environment. Physical and Chemical Properties Nylon FabricsComposition:

This is the addition of Nylons polyamides with recurring amide Groups. It contains the elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.

Strength:

Nylon has good tenacity and the strength is not lost with age. . It is one of the lightest textile fibres is at the same time also one of the strongest.Elasticity:Nylon have good elasticity which makes it more suitable for the purpose of clothing.

Resilience:Nylon fabrics have excellent resilience.

Drapability:Fabrics of nylon filament yarn have excellent draping qualities.

Heat Conductivity:Thermal conductivity of nylon fabric construction varies depending on the type of fabric, nylon (trees/filament) is used in construction and others.NYLON PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Nylon 6 is manufactured by self-condensation of 6-amino caproic acid obtained from caprolactamNylon 6 is capable of being formed into a filament in which the polymer molecules are oriented, at large, in the direction of the axisNylon Filament Yarn can be manufactured with varied degree of orientation such a s low oriented yarn , partially oriented yarn and full oriented yarn Nylon Filament Yarn is produced as multi filament yarn or mono filaments in a wide range of deniersNylon 6 is simpler than that for Nylon 6,6 , and is superior resistance for light degradation .Nylon-6 has advantage over Nylon-6,6 in respect of dye ability , elastic recovery , and thermal stability and thus , for end uses like textile and carpet manufacture it may be preferred over nylon-6,6. The manufacturing process for Nylon Filament Yarn polymerization of caprolactam to manufacture nylon chips . 2. extraction and drying of chips.

3. melt spinning of chips to manufacture spun yarn.

4. processing of spun yarn.

5. recycling of Nylon waste . Production method of Nylon 6The process is differs from that for Nylon 6, 6. The similar process is the step wise condensation of caprolactam with no net removal. In the thermal equilibrium between the monomer and polymer are at the melting and spinning temperatures. 10% monomer is retained in this process, so the fibres have to be water washed the soluble caprolactam monomerWhile the molecular weight controlled by the addition of monofuntional acid. Final product are produced with a molecular weight at range 12,000-16,000 is extruded as a ribbon onto chilling rolls. Then it is extruded to a chipper for producing small chips suitable for storage and rehandling.

The chips are melted when the nylon fibres are produced, metered through high pressure pumps, filtered and passed through a melt spinneret. On air cooling, the extruded filaments will harden immediately and can be wound on bobbins at speed of 750 meters per minute or higher. The thread will stretch to about 4 times than its original length in cold drawing to give the fibre desirable textile properties.

Caprolactam synthesisStage condensation of caprolactumManufacturing Process of Nylon 6, 61. The process starts with the production of two chemicals; hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid. Both contain 6 carbon atoms from coal.

2. Then, these chemicals are combined to form the nylon salt.

3. The nylon salt is dissolved in water and sent to the spinning mill.

4. By heating it in large evaporators, the nylon salt solution is made into a concentrated solution.

5. Next, the concentrated solution is heated in an autoclave under the pressure and temperature.

6.The polymerization takes place by combining the two chemicals into polymers which are likes giant chain.

7. Similar to nylon 6, the molten polymer is processed in a manner.

Manufacturing Nylon 6, 6advantagesOne of the very strong fibers. Extremely resistant to abrasion and flexing.

2. The specific gravity is 1.14 Very light, i.e., 80% of that of silk fibers, and 70% of that of cotton fibers.

3. Since nylon fibers absorb little water even though they are wetted., they dry fast and simple in laundering.

4. Excellent in elasticity and resistant to wrinkle.

5. If properly set, nylon textiles little shrink/ extend or little deform their shape due to thermo plasticity.

6. Resistant to chemicals and oil. Non-attackable by sea water.

7. Non-attackable by molds and insects.

8. Used in many military applications.

disadvantagesIt has a tendency to fade easily and stain. It is also highly sensitive to light and heat.

2. Good quality nylon fiber is much more expensive than some other types of material.

3. Nylon is famous of its properties that is easy to dye with bright color is the major factor of it prone to staining. Permanent stains are result from food stain that mainly contains oil and grease. Cleaning product that contain bleach or acid that are created to remove stains from fabrics.

4. Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight also causes the nylon to fade and wear out.

5. Nylon fibers melt if exposed to extreme temperature.

6. Cheap nylon is also available. However it tends to lose its bounce, brightness and color very quickly.

APPLICATION OF NYLON

Because of it has high strength fibre. It is used in making fishing nets, ropes, parachutes and type cords.For making elastic hosiery, crinkled nylon fibres are used.Used for making fabrics in textile industryWidely used as plastic for making machine parts. To increase the strength, it is blended with woolCommon applications of nylon

Toothbrush

Fabric (net form)UmbrellaNylon tubingCarpetJacket

Fishing netFabricRope21