nutritional strategies to reduce feed costs rommel c. sulabo and hans h. stein univ. of illinois
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Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Feed Costs
Rommel C. Sulabo and Hans H. Stein Univ. of Illinois
http://nutrition.ansci.illinois.edu
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H. H. Stein
Importance of F/G• For each 0.10 lb improvement in F/G,
profit increases by $3.0 per marketed pig• A 10% improvement in F/G corresponds to
an improvement of 0.30 lb ($9.0/pig)
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Tip 1: Tip 1: Start with what you can control Start with what you can control • Reduce feed wastage
Check all feeders, delivery systems, feed binsAdjust feeders routinelyImprove pellet quality
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Poor feeder adjustment
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H. H. Stein
Item Diet form: Meal Pellet Diff.
Daily gain, lb 1.83 1.98 8.2%
Daily feed intake, lb 6.64 6.84 3.1%
FCR 3.65 3.45 5.8%
Wondra et al., 1992
Effect of pelleting
Target: < 20% fines at the feeder
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Tip 2: Tip 2: Check the particle size of your feedCheck the particle size of your feed
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Effect of Particle SizeEffect of Particle Size
< 700 86.1 82.9 85.8 1.74
700-1000 84.9 80.5 84.4 1.84
> 1000 83.7 79.1 82.6 1.92
Particle Size Digestibility
Microns DM CP Energy F/G
KSU, 1985
Target: 600-800 microns
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Tip 3: Tip 3: Maximize the use of DDGS Maximize the use of DDGS
in your diets in your diets
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DDGS Value, GF diets Corn ($/Bu):
SBM ($/ton):
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
250 162
(152)
182
(180)
203
(207)
223
(234)
239
(260)
300 182
(161)
204
(189)
224
(216)
245
(244)
260
(270)
350 205
(171)
225
(199)
245
(226)
266
(253)
281
(279)
400 217
(178)
240
(206)
263
(234)
283
(261)
303
(289)
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Diet costs with 0 to 50% DDGS
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
0 10 20 30 40 50
% DDGS
$/Ton
$7 to 9 per ton for every 10% of DDGS included in the diet
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Inclusion Rates of DDGS
Item Recommend Maximum
Gestation 50 50
Lactation 30 40
Nursery, 1+2 0 20
Nursery, 3+4 30 30
Grow-Finish 30 45
Late Finish 20 30
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Tip 4: Tip 4: Reduce or eliminate Reduce or eliminate
inorganic phosphorusinorganic phosphorus
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H. H. Stein
Effect of Phytase
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Corn SBM DDGS
No Phytase
500 Phytase
STTD, %
Almeida and Stein, 2010
*P < 0.05
**
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Phytase dietsDiet 1 2 3 4
Phytase 0 500 0 500
Corn 61.76 62.075 47.89 48.145
SBM 32.00 32.00 26.00 26.00
DDGS - - 20.00 20.00
DCP 1.15 0.35 0.65 -
Others To 100% To 100% To 100% To 100%
15
Total P 0.59 0.44 0.58 0.48
STTD P 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32
Almeida and Stein, 2010
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Effects on PerformanceDiet 1 2 3 4 P <
DDGSP <
phytase
Phytase 0 500 0 500 - -
Initial BW, kg 11.1 11.2 11.1 11.2 0.23 0.13
ADG, g 507 483 511 515 0.07 0.30
ADFI, g 772 789 811 806 0.06 0.66
G:F 661 614 634 640 0.95 0.05
Final BW, kg 21.8 21.3 21.9 22.0 0.08 0.33
16
P retention 2.05 2.07 2.35 2.33 0.03 0.99
P excretion 1.68 0.82 1.43 0.82 0.01 0.01
Almeida and Stein, 2010
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Tip 5: Tip 5: Look for alternative feed ingredientsLook for alternative feed ingredients• Consider other small grains
WheatSorghumBarleyOats
107% or lower96% or lower85% or lower80% or lower
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Tip 5: Tip 5: Look for alternative feed ingredientsLook for alternative feed ingredients• Consider other co-products
Wheat middlingsHominy feedBakery by-products
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• Fish meal replacementsFermented soybean mealEnzyme-treated SBMIntestinal peptide productsCrystalline amino acids
Tip 5: Tip 5: Look for alternative feed ingredientsLook for alternative feed ingredients
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Tip 7: Tip 7: Review your feed additivesReview your feed additives
• Calculate economic return• (New Diet $ - Old Diet $) x 100 = % improvement Old Diet $ in F/G needed
to pay for itself• Consider other benefits – gain– carcass quality– death loss
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ChecklistChecklistStart with what you can controlCheck the particle size of your feedMaximize the use of DDGS in your dietsReduce or eliminate inorganic phosphorusReduce or eliminate inorganic phosphorusLook for alternative ingredientsLook for alternative ingredientsUse fish meal replacementsUse fish meal replacementsReview your feed additivesReview your feed additives
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H. H. Stein
Thank you for your attention
http://nutrition.ansci.illinois.edu