nutritional standards nfsc 100 dri food labels dietary guidelines my pyramid
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NUTRITIONAL STANDARDSNFSC 100
DRI
Food Labels
Dietary Guidelines
My Pyramid
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Nutrition Standards:A diet should be balanced and adequate
For more than 50 years, the RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowances, was the nutritional standard Focus:
Now is being replaced by the DRIs, Dietary Reference Intakes.
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Difference Between Old RDA and New DRI:
DRIs use more than one set of values,Focus on ________________________,
not just preventing deficiency, andRecognize a need, in this age of
supplementation, for a _______________
___________________________________
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DRI: Dietary Reference Intakes4 values:
EAR Estimated Average Requirement (population averages – used for research and public
policy setting)
RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowances safe and adequate intakes for most healthy people
AI : Adequate intakes (nutrient goals for individuals – set when there’s not
enough scientific evidence to set an RDA), and
UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
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A Note about the RDA/DRI
Margin for safety -- not a minimum requirement
Meant to be met with food (big rocks)
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NUTRITIONAL STANDARDS
DRIFood Labels Dietary GuidelinesMy Pyramid
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Food Labels
Ingredients List
• descending order by weightBeverages w/juice must declare %juice
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Weight:
1 oz. = 28.4g
(or about 30g)
130 mg
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%DV = % Daily Value
Based on a 2000 kcal diet and the following reference values: Total fat: less than 65g Sat’d fat: less than 20g Cholesterol: less than 300mg Sodium: less than 2400mg Total CHO: 300g Protein: 25g
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Legal Terms for Food LabelsLow fat: 3 g fat per serving.
Low saturated fat: 1 g sat’d fat per serving.
Low cholesterol: 20 mg cholesterol per serving.
Low sodium: 140 mg per serving.High fiber: 5 g or more fiber per serving
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Good source: One serving provides at least 10% DV for a particular nutrient.
High in/Excellent Source: 20%+ DV for a particular nutrient
Reduced/Less: 25% less fat or fewer kcals than the regular (reference) food.
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130 mg
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Calculating % Kcals From Macronutrients1. Convert grams to kcals.
Prot. kcals + CHO kcals + fat kcals =
TOTAL KCALS
… always label your units!
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2. Find % kcals from each macronutrient
Then you can compare these numbers to the standards.
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130 mg
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Using the same example, calculate %kcals from saturated fat and sugar
Sat’d fat:
Sugar:
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Example 2:Calculate
1. Total kcals2. % kcals from each macronutrient
Total fat: 3g Saturated fat: 1g
Total Carbohydrate: 32gProtein: 3g
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“Supplement Facts” Label
Manufacturers are not required to provide evidence of safety/efficacy
Burden of proof of safety and efficacy of a dietary supplement is on the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
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Dietary Supplement
Vitamin
Mineral
Herb or botanical
Amino acid
Metabolite
Constituent
Extract
Or any combination of the above
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Buyer-beware Market
Health/nutrition claims can legally be made as long as this appears on the label: “This statement has not been evaluated by the
FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease”
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Progress?
Ten-year plan (HP2010) to develop a science-based regulatory program for dietary supplements.
Legally, marketers of supplements “must have above board scientific evidence to support any health claims.”
FDA still has the burden of proof.The industry is still largely unregulated.
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Issue of “doping”
IOC, NCAA, and other organizations have strict doping regulations
Essential nutrients are legalSeveral supplements are prohibited
This will be covered in our “ergogenic aids” lecture, but is briefly discussed in h. 1 of your text.
Note that several banned substances are available in over-the-counter-supplements, and may not be declared on the label. Athletes are subject to disqualification from an event if doping is detected.
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FDA List of Potentially Hazardous Supplements:(Be able to recognize these as potentially hazardous)Chaparral – traditional American Indian medicine
Liver disease, possibly irreversible
Comfrey Obstruction of blood flow to liver, possibly leading to
death
Slimming, Dieter’s Tea N/D/V/stomach cramps, chronic constipation, fainting,
possible death
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Ephedra, ephedrine, ma huang, Chinese ephedra, epitonin High bp, irregular heartbeat, nerve damage, injury,
insomnia, tremors, headaches to seizures, heart attack, stroke, death
Germander Liver disease, possibly leading to death
Lobelia (Indian Tobacco) Breathing problems at low doses to sweating/rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, possible coma/death at higher dosages
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Magnolia Stephania Kidney disease, possibly leading to kidney failure
and death
Willowbark – marketed as an aspirin free product, although it contains an ingredient which converts to the same active ingredient in aspirin Rye syndrome (potentially fatal disease associated
w/children who take aspirin while having chicken pox or flu symptoms), allergic reactions in adults
Wormwood Neurological symptoms: numbness in legs and arms,
loss of intellect, delirium, paralysis, and death.
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For more info: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1998/dietchrt.html
Science-based book on Herbs:“The Honest Herbal,” by Varro Tyler, Ph.D., Sc.D.,