Nutritional Content Analysis on Rehabilitating

Orangutan (Pongo pigmaeus) at Tanjung Puting National Park,

Central Borneo, Indonesia

Bainah Sari Dewi

The ditribution of orangutan

Geographical dispersion of orangutan .Cross haｔching shows the current distribution of Orangutans limited to parts of the Islands of Sumatra and Borneo. The insert shows Probable distribution oforangutans during the Pleistocene epoch

2. Study AreaWhere is rehabilitation centre for orangutan in Tanjung Puting National Park ? The map shows Tanjung Puting National Park

How many is the the scale of rehabilitating area?

Introduction

Orangutan (Pongo pigmaeus) is an extinct primate animal. Its status as the extinct animal requires more intensive treatment to maintain their existence in Indonesia especially at Tanjung Puting National Park.

It is necessary that the rehabilitating methods for infants who lost the parents should be established. We must the a lot of data to keep their development and well conditions. Therefore, it is important to clarify the energy requirement and the food nutritional contents, and then establish the supplemental feeding methods.

Method 1

To estimate the quantitative nutritional content

Measuring 35 orangutan`s body weight

By estimating the adequate nutritional for orangutan using Fowler`s formula

1.5 MEC (Metabolic Energy Coefficient) = 1.5 x Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Method 2Converting its nutritional needed (protein, fat, vitamins and minerals) in to the Recommended Nutrition Intake for human

the information of how many grams bananas, pineapples, milk, cerelac and sugar had been consumedestimating their nutritional content based on Indonesian List of Food Nutritional Composition

The evaluation of the food cost per day or the consumption cost for each age class to progress orangutan and their habitat.

Method 3Flow chart of Investigation

Body Weight

W0.75

Energy requirement

Evaluation

Intake Foods

Foodsanalysis

ConsumptionEnergy

The Result : Name of Orangutan

154.5infantmaleIjuh9.

64.5childmaleDoyak8.

74childmaleDarmono7.

52.5infantfem aleBudi6.

52.5infantfemaleAlui5.

53infantfemaleDavida4.

31infantfemaleRosmeri3.

52infantmalePangeran2.

42.5infantmalePramanu1.

WeightAgeRasioSexNameNo

258juvenilemaleTosido18

207juvenilefemalePangkot17

205childfemaleTata16

205.5childfemalePurwasih15

205childfemaleMindolin14

156childmaleUrol13

206childmaleMochtar12

153.5childmaleLuna11

123childmaleNyoman10

WeightAgeRasioSexNameNo

5018adultmaleTom27

4013adultmaleTanggo26

3510adultmaleKlombang25

3510adultmaleAnhar24

257juvenilefemalePeta23

257.5juvenilefemaleEmmy22

247juvenilefemaleMolina21

277juvenilefemaleKorin20

206.5juvenilefemaleLinda19

WeightAgeRasioSexNameNo

5020adultfemaleUnyuk35

3528adultfemaleTutu34

3027adultfemaleRani33

4022adultfemalePrincess32

4021adultfemaleDavida31

3518adultfemaleRosmeri30

10027adultmaleKosasih29

7018adultmaleUranus28

WeightAgeRasioSexNameNo

Sexual dim orphism of orangutan

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Age(year)

Body

weig

ht(k

g)

malefemale

Infant-child

Juvenile

Female adult

Male adult

Result 1

Result 2The nutritional content needed by each orangutan per day at Tanjung PutingNational Park

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

econs

eneed

infant/ childjuvenileadultK

cal

Food Consumption and Nutrient content per day per classes

13-3220-491346-3320897-2214Adult30-100 kg

59-7388-110993-1174662-829Juvenile20-27 kg

85-353127-530240-993160-662Infant-Child 4-20 kg

% 1.5 MEC

% MEC1.5 MECMECBody Weight

Food Consumption and Nutrient content per day per classes

0490.48

1380.46747.51.7363.25

921.73

3.4578.71.152.30299Nd575

0784.76

220.8

0.7411962.761011472.76

5.521261.843.68494Nr 920

0333.52

93.84

0.315081.1743.62.56

1.17

2.3553.57

0.781.56230Nba391

5385.3240.081300.311160.30.613.70.20.452N 100

104.4

99.65.60.1361.60.931.2

10.9

10.335.80.21.7136Pd 123

1791709.70.16201.553.5

181.72.1610.42.9234Pr 211

78.374.74.202710.6238.20.72.526.80.21.3102Pba92

Bd84.7

Ai 80.8

C 4.57

B1 0.05

A 1293

B 0.69

Ph 25

Ca 8.8

Ab0.8

S 0.27

K 29.

L 0.2

P 1.37

e 111

P /100

Add: P:banana, Pba: bananas for infant-child, Pr:bananas for juvenile, Pd:bananas for adult, N:pineapple, Nba:pineapples for infant-child, Nr:pineapples for juvenile, Nd:pineapples for adult, dba:ddancow milk for infant-child, cba: cerelag for invant child, gba:sugar for infant-child, tba:total infant-child nutrient, tr:total juvenile nutrient, td: total adult nutrient

104.4

590.08

143.6

0.561109.4

2.6394.45

102.9

2.73

3.75114.58

1.354435.8

td

179.1

955.56

230.5

0.841816.9

4.26154.7

166.12

4.46

7.62187.4

2.246.58728.7

tr

78.3408.79

106.85

0.41082.1

3.66178.47

215.37

2.76

592.02

4.026.79845.3

tba

000000000000450Gba125

00.153.070.0592.390.6225.26

38.21

0.23

0.154.150.550.9625.26

cba12

00.425.740.042101.2786.8

106.4

0.66

07.502.492.9764.12

dba28

The comparison of nutritional requirement for infant child, juvenile,

and adult orangutans

1. Infant-child classexceeded 37 %

2. Juvenile classlacked of 35 % of their needs

3. Adult classlacked of 76 % of their needs

Discussion

1. The rehabilitating area in Centre Rehabilitating Orangutan at TanjungPuting give the opportunity for orangutan to grow up by themselves and reproduce. On the first step at rehabilitation, Forest Ranger always take care and helpful for orangutan. As the new comer become adaptation for the new habitat, they are keeping in their ecological behaviors.

2. Supplemental feeding costs per day for orangutan were infant-child 137 %, juvenile 65 % and adult 24 %. The dependent rate for natural foods of infant-child is very low, juvenile is middle and adult is high. Its suggests that the orangutan adapted step by step for natural conditions, as they growth.

3. I must determine juvenile and adult orangutan`s foods in the forests. And then I research the nutritional contents, seasonal changes in their body weight and the nutritional capacity in the forests.

4. I hope that Forest Ranger do not supply the supplemental foods again for juvenile and adult, because they have to take their life by themselves.

Firstly, we have to gain the social consensus for orangutan conservation. Second step, we have to become good natural habitat for orangutan.

Now, natural forest at Tanjung PutingNational Park are poor habitat for orangutan`s life. There are many illegal logging and human activities. I think that we can conserve the orangutan if the area at Tanjung Puting National Park will be increase on the large scale and sustain the area with the preference foods for orangutan.

5 a. The density of orangutan is low at Tanjung Puting, one or two individuals per two square kilometers in most area.

b. Most field researchers have noticed that at the time of fruiting of durian, orangutan assemble in the durian tree in large numbers. It is certainly an indication of it being a favorite for the orangutan palate.

The fruiting season for the durian is actually rather long, from August through to December and peaking in the month of October.

This implies that every individual territory might contain one durian tree that the territory was chosen perhaps because of its presence.

ArigatouGozaimashita