nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in water and wastewater

8/9/2019 Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in water and wastewater

1/72

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6/72

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7/72

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8/72

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9/72

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11/72

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12/72

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13/72

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14/72

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15/72

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16/72

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17/72

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18/72

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19/72

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20/72

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21/72

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22/72


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23/72


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24/72


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25/72

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Oduujd~ ~dibdoq3 afuuljxd 98; b OiLG fo riqd~* ellj*ujlrjv iaa mfwd~ lh 9;; b lh md~et~fe flafad 'GbF>& ioa 2;b {lqiuuftm flafad '@F& afuuljxda fo riqd~* ioa iactuqxljtmd ql 9 jfqd~

Hl~ qgd ~dieqflo ql leet~ ijjlr iq jdiuq 9; mfo/ 'rgdoOG5-O fu xd~v jlr tud 5; mfo/ ~dieqflo qfmd&

@dd{ qdm{d~iqt~d ioa ~dieqflo qfmd uimd hl~ uim{jdu*njio`u ioa uqioai~au


26/72


Mdiut~d q~ioumfqqioed l~ inul~nioed lh uim{jdu ioauqioai~au ibifouq ~dibdoq njio` nv u{deq~l{glqlmdqd~

Hl~ jlr OG5-O jdxdju ';/1 ql 4/; mb,j& mdiut~d eljlt~ iq1;;-1>4 om ioa jfbgq {iqg lh 9 em '4 em jfbgq {iqg ijjlrumdiut~dmdoqu iu jlr iu 4-8; b,j& ioa hl~ OG5-O jdxdju

i{{~liegfob 9; mb,j tud 14;-4;; om rixdjdobqg Mdiut~dmdoqu hl~ uqioai~au i~d tuda hl~ eijfn~iqflo

Xfutij elm{i~fulo ibifouq uqioai~au eio nd ijqd~oiqfxdql u{deq~l{glqlmdqd~

Qdm{l~i~v uqioai~au {~d{i~da h~lm uqioai~a OG1Ej fo qgd~iobd lh ;-8 mj fo 4; mJ riqd~ ioa oduujd~fsda nv iaafob9 mj lh Oduujd~ ~dibdoq eio nd tuda

[d~miodoq uqioai~au {~d{i~da h~lm {lqiuuftmegjl~l{jiqfoiqd ioa elnijqltu egjl~fad uljtqflou ioaeijfn~iqda ibifouq qdm{l~i~v uqioai~au eio ijul nd tuda


27/72

Qfq~fmdq~fe mdqgla

Afuqfjjiqd qgd uim{jd ioa eljjdeq qgd afuqfjjiqd foqlfoafeiqfob nl~fe iefa uljtqflo

Uim{jd ufsd3 >4; mj hl~ 4-9; mb,j lh OG5-O0 9;; mj hl~ 9;->; mb,j0 4; mj hl~ >;-4; mb,j ioa >4 mj hl~ 4;-9;; mb,j

Foafeiqfob nl~fe iefa3 afuuljxd >; b lh G5NL5 fo riqd~* iaa9; mj lh mfwda foafeiql~ ioa iactuq xljtmd ql 9 jfqd~

Mfwda foafeiql~3 afuuljxd >;; mb lh mdqgvj ~da fo 9;; mJlh 64$ dqgvj l~ ful{~l{vj ijelglj ioa 9;; mb lh mdqgvjdodnjtd fo 4; mJ lh 64$ dqgvj l~ ful{~l{vj ijelglj ioa mfw

qgd qrl Qfq~iqd qgd afuqfjjiqd rfqg ;/;>O G>UL1 ql {ijd jixdoad~

eljlt~ doa {lfoq '9mj qfq~ioq tuda = >7; b lh OG5-O&

^to njio` qg~ltbg ijj qgd uqd{u ioa el~~deq ~dutjqu


28/72

[gdoiqd mdqgla Mdqgla fu blla hl~ 9; ql 4;; b,j

[~djfmfoi~v afuqfjjiqflo lh uim{jd ioa eljjdeqflo lhafuqfjjiqd Ij`ijfofqv ?4;; mb,j* iefafqv ?9;; mb,j ioaqt~nfafqv eio foqd~hd~d rfqg af~deq {gdoiqd mdqgla

Afuqfjjiqd fu eljjdeqda foql ;/;1O G>UL1

Immlofi fu miad ql ~dieq rfqg gv{legjl~fqd ioa {gdoljfo qgd {~dudoed lh miobioltu uijq eiqijvuq ql hl~m

foal{gdolj 'io foqdoudjv njtd eljlt~da elm{ltoa& Eloedoq~iqflo lh foal{gdolj fu mdiut~da nv

u{deq~l{glqlmdqd~ iq 85; om iq {iqg jdobqg lh 9em


29/72


Tudu gva~l{glnfe biu {d~mdinjd mdmn~iod ql ud{i~iqduim{jd h~lm io djdeq~lad foqd~oij uljtqflo 'OG1Ej&

Nv ~ifufob {G ql n99 OG5-O fu eloxd~qda foql biudltu hl~m

Biudltu OG5 afhhtudu qg~ltbg mdmn~iod ioa egiobdu {G lh

qgd foqd~oij uljtqflo Qgfu egiobdu qgd mfjjfxljq ~diafob lh qgd mdqd~ {~l{l~qfloij ql

OG5-O eloedoq~iqflo

Mdiut~dmdoq

9;; mj uim{jd fu qi`do* ioa immlofi udjdeqfxd djdeq~lad fufmmd~uda fo fq

Rgfjd mfwfob rfqg mibodqfe uqf~~d~ {G lh qgd uim{jd fuiactuqda ql n99 nv iaafob 9;O OiLG

Ihqd~ uqinfjfsiqflo qi`d mfjjfxljq ~diafob hl~ qgd uim{jd


30/72


Eijfn~iqflo [~d{i~d uqioai~au rfqg 9;;;* 9;;* 9;* 9 ioa ;/9 mb,j jdxdju

Qi`d mfjjfxljq ~diafob hl~ dieg lh qgd uqioai~au fo i rivufmfji~ ql qgiq lh uim{jd

[jlq ~diafobu lo udmf-jlb {jlq 'qi`d eloedoq~iqflou lo qgd jlbiwfu ioa mfjjfxljq ~diafobu lo jfodi~ iwfu&

Mdqgla fu i{{jfeinjd hl~ mdiut~dmdoq lh ;/;5 ql 91;; mb,j

Qgd uim{jd aldu olq ~dytf~d afuqfjjiqflo

Foqd~hd~doed Gfbg eloedoq~iqflo lh afuuljxda flou ihhdeq qgd mdiut~dmdoq

ntq eljl~ ioa qt~nfafqv al olq

Imfodu foq~lated {lufqfxd d~~l~

Md~et~v ( ufjxd~ qg~ltbg elm{jdwfob foq~lated odbiqfxd d~~l~


31/72

Ofq~fqd ofq~lbdo3 eljl~fmdq~fe mdqgla

Ofq~fqd hl~mu ~daafug {t~{jd isl avd iq >->/4 {G nv elt{jfobafislqfsda utjhiofjimfad rfqg O-9'9-oi{gqgvj&-dqgvjdodafimfod afgva~l egjl~fad 'ODA afgva~legjl~fad&

Blla hl~ 9; ql 9;;; Yb,J jdxdju 'jfbgq {iqg lh 4 em 4-4; Yb,J eio

ijul nd mdiut~da&Foqd~hd~doedu OEj5 fm{i~qu hijud ~da eljlt~

Un5+* It5+*Nf5+*Hd5+*[n>+*Gb5+*Ib5+* egjl~l{jiqfoiqd '[qEj8>-& ioa

mdqixioiaiqd eio {~def{fqiqd toad~ qduq eloafqflou ioa foqd~hd~d

Et{~fe flo eio eiqijvsd adelm{lufqflo lh qgd afisloftm uijq ioafoq~lated odbiqfxd d~~l~

Eljl~da flou ioa utu{doada uljfau eio ijul foqd~hd~d

Tud ofq~fqd h~dd riqd~ at~fob uim{jd ioijvufu hl~ ofqf~qd


32/72

Uim{jd uql~ibd Ioijvud {~lm{qjv Fh olq ofq~fqd eio nd eloxd~qda foql

ofq~iqd,immlofi nv nieqd~fi

H~ddsd uim{jd iq >;E hl~ {~dud~xiqflo l~ uql~d iq 1E hl~ugl~q-qd~m {~dud~xiqflo '9 ql >1 g~u/&


33/72

Ofq~fqd h~dd riqd~

Iaa i umijj e~vuqij lh @MoL1 ioa Ni'LG&> l~ Ei'LG&> qlafuqfjjda riqd~ ioa ~dafuqfjj fo ijj nl~lufjfeiqd bjiuu

i{{i~iqtu ql lnqifo ofq~fqd h~dd riqd~ Fofqfij 4; mJ lh qgd ~dafuqfjjiqd ioa hfoij afuqfjjiqd rfqg

{d~miobimibd 'bfxfob ~da eljlt~ rfqg A[A ~dibdoq& ugltja ndafuei~ada

Iaa 9 mJ,J lh eloe/ G>UL1 ioa ;/> mJ,J lhMoUL1

uljtqflo '58/1 b lhMoUL1/G>L fo afuqfjjda riqd~ ioa 9jfqd~ hfoij xljtmd&* mi`d qgd riqd~ {fo` nv iaafob 9 ql 5mj lh @MoL1 uljtqflo ioa ~dafuqfjj

Uqioai~a uqle` uljtqflo 3 afuuljxd 9/>5> b OiOL> foriqd~ ioa afjtqd ql 9;;;mj3 9 mJ = >4;bO


34/72

Hfjqd~ qgd uim{jd qg~ltbg ;/14 Ym {l~d mdmn~iod hfjqd~ ioa

iactuq {G ql 4-6 rfqg GEj l~ OG1LG Qi`d 4; mj l~ i {l~qflo afjtqda ql 4; mj iaa > mj eljlt~

~dibdoq ioa mfw

Eljlt~ ~dibdoq3 iaa 9;; mj lh 74$ {glu{gl~fe iefa ql 7;; mjriqd~* afuuljxd 9; b lh utjhiofjimfad* qgdo afuuljxd 9 b lh O-'9-

oi{gqgvj&-dqgvjdodafimfod afgva~legjl~fad* ioa iactuq xljtmd ql9 jfqd~ eio nd uql~da t{ql i mloqg fo ai~` nlqqjd fo ~dh~fbd~iql~

Ihqd~ 9; mfo ntq ndhl~d > glt~u mdiut~d inul~nioed iq 415om

Q~diq uqioai~au ijul rfqg eljlt~ ~dibdoq ioa mdiut~dinul~nioed [jlq inul~nioed lh uqioai~au ibifouq OL>- eloedoq~iqflo hl~

lnqifofob i uqioai~a et~xd

^dia eloedoq~iqflo fo uim{jd El~~du{loafob ql uqioai~a et~xd


35/72

Ofq~iqd

Lwfafuda Ofq~lbdo {~dudoq fo riqd~ fo qrl hl~mu ofq~fqd ofq~iqd

Gfbg eloedoq~iqflou fo riqd~ eio nd {~lnjdmiqfe ofq~iqd fu qgltbgq ql nd qlwfe ql gtmiou* {i~qfetji~jv ninfdu lwfafuda ofq~lbdo fu i hieql~ fo qgd dtq~l{gfeiqflo lh riqd~u

Ofq~iqd eio nd ioijvsda nv TX U{deq~lmdq~feMdqgla

Ea-~dateqfloMdqgla

Flo Eg~lmiqlb~i{gv Uql~ibd

Uql~d iq 1;E t{ql >1 g

[~dud~xd rfqg > mJ eloe G>UL1,J ioa uql~d iq 1;E


36/72

Tjq~ixfljdq U{deq~l{glqlmdqd~Mdqgla

Ofq~iqd flo ioa l~biofe miqqd~ inul~n iq >>;om

L~biofe miqqd~ lojv inul~nu iq >24 om Tuda hl~ uim{jdu gixfob jlr l~biofe miqqd~

Foqd~hd~doedu

Afuuljxda l~biofe miqqd~* ut~hieqioqu ioa E~8+

Iefafhfeiqflo rfqg 9O GEj ql {~dxdoq foqd~hd~doed h~lmgva~lwfad l~ ei~nloiqd eloedoq~iqflo


37/72

Ofq~iqd uljtqflo'uqle` ioa

foqd~mdafiqd&

Uqle` ofq~iqd uljtqflo3 Afuuljxd ;/2>97 b a~v {lqiuuftmofq~iqd fo riqd~ ioa afjtqd ql 9;;; mJ/ [~dud~xd rfqg>mJ EGEj5 ,J/ 9/;;mJ = 9;;b OL5

- -O/

Foqd~mdafiqd Ofq~iqd uljtqflo3 Afjtqd 9;; mJ uqle` ofq~iqd

uljtqflo ql 9;;; mJ rfqg riqd~ 0 9/;;mJ = 9;/; b OL5-

-O/


38/72

Hfjqd~ uim{jd ioa iaa 9 mJ GEj ulj ql 4; mJ uim{jd/

[~d{i~d OL5- eijfn~iqflo uqioai~au fo qgd ~iobd h~lm

; ql 2 mb OL5- -O,J nv afjtqfob ql 4; mJ qgd hljjlrfob

xljtmdu lh foqd~mdafiqd ofq~iqd uljtqflo 3 ;*9*>*1----

54mJ/ ^dia inul~nioed iq >>; om ioa >24 om

Elouq~teq i uqioai~a et~xd nv {jlqqfob eloedoq~iqfloibifouq el~~deqda inul~nioed/

Afuei~a qgfu mdqgla fh el~~deqflo xijtd fu ml~d qgio9;$ lh qgd ~diafob iq >>;om


39/72

Uim{jd

Uqioai~au

OL5- -O,J

Inul~nied

iq >>; om' ^ &

Inul~nioed

iq >24 om'U&

Q = >U T=^-Q

;/>

;/1;/7

9/1

>

2


40/72

Ea ~dateqflo mdqgla

OL5 fu ~dateda ijmluq ytioqfqiqfxdjv ql ofq~fqd 'OL>& fo qgd{~dudoed lh eiamftm 'Ea&/ Qgd OL> {~lateda qgtu fuadqd~mfoda nv afislqfsfob rfqg utjhiofjimfad ioa elt{jfob rfqgO-'9oi{gqgvj&-dqgvjdodafimfod afgva~legjl~fad ql hl~m i gfbgjveljl~da isl avd qgiq fu mdiut~da eljl~fmdq~feijjv/ I el~~deqflomiv nd miad hl~ iov OL> {~dudoq fo qgd uim{jd nv ioijvsfob

rfqgltq qgd ~dateqflo uqd{/ Foqd~hd~doed

Utu{doada uljfau rfjj ~duq~feq uim{jd hjlr ul {~d hfjq~iqflo fuoddada

DAQI fu iaada ql ~dmlxd foqd~hd~doed h~lm f~lo* el{{d~ l~ lqgd~mdqiju

^dufatij egjl~fod fh {~dudoq ugltja nd adegjl~foiqda rfqg ulaftmqgflutjhiqd/

[~d dwq~ieq qgd uim{jd rfqg l~biofe uljxdoq fh fq eloqifou lfj ioab~diud/

^iobd3 ;/;9 ql 9mb OL5- - O,J


41/72

^dateqflo eljtmo3 Hfbt~d14;;-OL539 uglru qgd~dateqflo eljtmo/ Qgdeljtmo eio nd elouq~teqdah~lm qrl {fdedu lh qtnfob

clfoda doa ql doa3 clfo i9;-em jdobqg lh 5-em-FAqtnfob ql i >4-em jdobqg lh5/4-mm-FA qtnfob/ Iaa iQHD uql{ele` rfqg

mdqd~fob xijxd ql eloq~ljhjlr ~iqd/


42/72

9&Riug eljtmo rfqg >;; mJ afjtqd OG1Ej-DAQI uljtqflo/ Ieqfxiqdeljtmo nv {iuufob qg~ltbg fq* iq 2 ql 9; mJ,mfo* iq jdiuq 9;; mJ lh iuljtqflo elm{luda lh >4$ 9/; mb OL5-O,J uqioai~a ioa 24$

OG1Ej-DAQI uljtqflo/Hl~ immloftm egjl~fad-DAQI uljtqfloafuuljxd 95 b OG1Ej ioa 9/2 b afulaftm dqgvjdodafimfodqdq~iiedqiqd fo 6;; mJ riqd~/ Iactuq ql {G 7/4 rfqg OG1LG ioaafjtqd ql 9J/

>& Ue~ddo qgd uim{jd ioa iactuq qgd {G ndqrddo 2 ioa 6/

5& Ql >4/; mJ uim{jd l~ i {l~qflo afjtqda ql >4/; mJ* iaa 24 mJ

OG1Ej- DAQI uljtqflo ioa mfw/ [lt~ mfwda uim{jd foql eljtmo ioaeljjdeq iq i ~iqd lh 2 ql 9; mJ,mfo/ Afuei~a hf~uq >4 mJ/ Eljjdeq qgd~duq fo l~fbfoij uim{jd hjiu`/

1& Iu ullo iu {luufnjd* ioa olq ml~d qgio 94 mfo ihqd~ ~dateqflo* iaa>/; mJ eljl~ ~dibdoq ql 4; mJ uim{jd ioa mfw/ Ndqrddo 9; mfo ioa

> g ihqd~ri~a* mdiut~d inul~nioed iq 415 om/

4& Tufob qgd foqd~mdafiqd OL5-O uljtqflo* {~d{i~d uqioai~au fo qgd~iobd ;/;4 ql 9/; mb OL5-O,J nv afjtqfob qgd hljjlrfob xljtmdu ql9;; mJ fo xljtmdq~fe hjiu`u3 ;/4* 9/;* >/;* 4/;* ioa 9;/; mJ/ Ei~~v

ltq ~dateqflo lh uqioai~au dwieqjv iu adue~fnda hl~ uim{jdu/


43/72

Flo eg~lmiqlb~i{gv

I riqd~ uim{jd fu focdeqda foql uq~dim lh ei~nloiqd-nfei~nloiqddjtdoq/ Qgd uim{jd fu {tm{da qg~ltbg afhhd~doq flo dwegiobdeljtmou* qgdo i eloateqfxfqv ut{{~duul~ adxfed ioa foqleloateqfxfqv adqdeql~/

Qgd qrl flou dwegiobd eljtmou* i {~deljtmo ioa i ud{i~iql~eljtmo i~d {ie`da rfqg io ioflo dwegiobd ~dufo/ Flou i~d

ud{i~iqda foql afue~dqd nioau niuda lo qgdf~ ihhfofqv hl~dwegiobd ufqdu hl~ ~dufo/ Qgd eloateqfxfqv ut{{~duul~ fu io flodwegiobd niuda adxfed qgiq ~datedu qgd nie`b~ltoaeloateqfxfqv lh qgd djtdoq ql i jlr ioa odbjfbfnjd jdxdj ioaufmtjqiodltujv eloxd~qu qgd ioflou fo qgd uim{jd ql ml~deloatefxd iefa hl~mu/

Qgd ud{i~iqda ioflou fo qgdf~ iefa hl~mu i~d mdiut~da tufobdjdeq~feij eloateqfxfqv edjj/ Ioflo fadoqfhfeiqflo fu niuda lo qgdelm{i~fulo lh ioijvqd ufboij {di` ~dqdoqflo qfmdu ~djiqfxd qlqglud lh `olro uqioai~au/ Ytioqfhfeiqflo fu alod nv mdiut~fobqgd {di` i~di ioa elm{i~fob fq ql eijfn~iqflo et~xd bdod~iqdanv uqioai~au/

Mfofmtm adqdeqinjd jfmfq ;/9 mb,j


44/72

[glu{gl~tu Duqfmiqflo


45/72

Fm{l~qioed

Tuda dwqdoufxdjv fo qgd q~diqmdoq lh nlfjd~ riqd~ 'q~f-ulaftm {glu{giqd& ql eloq~lj ueijfob

Iq gfbgd~ qdm{d~iqt~du {ljv{glu{giqdu i~d gva~ljvsda foqll~qgl{glu{giqdu

Duudoqfij hl~ b~lrqg lh l~biofumu

Jfmfqfob ( fm{l~qioq otq~fdoq hl~ {~fmi~v {~lateqfxfqv lh riqd~nlafdu

i{{jfda fo ib~fetjqt~d iu hd~qfjfsd~u 'l~qgl{glu{giqdu&

mfe~lndu lh riuqdriqd~ q~diqmdoq {jioqu ~dytf~d {glu{gl~tu- almduqfe dhhjtdoqu gixd doltbg lh fq

Nfljlbfeij ujtabd fu ~feg '9$* fo eiud gdiq a~fda IU[ ujtabdfq fu 9/4$& giu blla hd~qfjfsd~ xijtd

Dweduu fo riqd~ nlafdu eitudu dtq~l{gfeiqflo

;/;;4 mb,j lh ixifjinjd {glu{gl~tu fu e~fqfeij hl~ ijbij njllmuql leet~


46/72

Ult~eduAlmduqfe riuqd* {~fl~ ql uvoqgdqfe adqd~bdoqu* eloqifou >-5 mb,j lh

fol~biofe hl~m ioa ;/4-9/; mb,j lh l~biofe hl~m [ljv{glu{giqdu iaada ql riqd~ ut{{jfdu 'ql eloq~lj el~~luflo&* ulhqriqd~ 'ql uqinfjfsd EiEL5& ioa ql riqd~ 'at~fob jitoad~fob l~ lqgd~ejdiofob {~leduudu& hfoa qgdf~ riv foql udribd

Uvoqgdqfe adqd~bdoqu tud foe~diuda fol~biofe hl~m nv >-5 qfmdu'gixd {ljv{glu{giqdu iu ntfjad~u* 9>-95$ l~ ml~d&

Nlav riuqdu ioa hlla ~dufatdu eloq~fntqd l~biofe hl~m jfnd~iqdaat~fob mdqinljfe n~di`alro lh {~lqdfou ioa elmdu ltq fo t~fod '9/4b,aiv {d~ ei{fqi&

Foatuq~fij dhhjtdoqu mluqjv fol~biofe hl~mu Nlfjd~ njlralro riqd~ fu fm{l~qioq ult~ed - iq gfbgd~ qdm{d~iqt~du

dxdo qgd {ljv hl~mu i~d gva~ljvsda foql l~qgl hl~m

Ib~fetjqt~ij ~to lhh - hd~qfjfsd~ i{{jfda 'l~qgl{glu{giqdu& ioa l~biofe{glu{gl~tu i~d hltoa

[ljv hl~mu lh riqd~ nlafdu bdq b~iatijjv gva~ljvsda foql l~qglhl~mu gfbg qdm{d~iqt~d ioa jlr {G foe~diudu qgd gva~ljvufu ~iqdu

Dosvmdu lh mfe~ll~biofumu ijul n~fob inltq gva~ljvufu


47/72

Ejiuufhfeiqflo ioa hl~mu

[~dudoq fo riqd~ ioa riuqdriqd~ mluqjv iu {glu{giqdu

Ejiuufhfda iu L~qgl{glu{giqdu mlol* af ioa q~fulaftm {glu{giqdu ioa

afimmloftm {glu{giqd

[ljv 'eloadouda& {glu{giqdu '{v~l* mdqi ioa lqgd~{ljv{glu{giqdu& ulaftm gdwimdqi {glu{giqd* ulaftmq~f{ljv{glu{giqd* qdq~iulaftm {v~l{glu{giqd

L~biofeijjv nltoa {glu{giqdu - hl~mda {~fmi~fjv nvnfljlbfeij {~leduudu leet~u nlqg fo afuuljxda ioautu{doada hl~mu

Eio nd {~dudoq fo riqd~ iu uljtnjd {glu{giqdu

{i~qfetjiqd {glu{giqdu fo {i~qfejdu l~ adq~fqtu

{~def{fqiqda fol~biofe hl~mu fo qgd nlqqlm udafmdoqu

foel~{l~iqda foql l~biofe elm{ltoau fo qgd nfljlbfeijujtabd,adn~fu

Fo qgd nlafdu lh qgd iytiqfe l~biofumu


48/72

Hfjqd~fob qg~ltbg ;/14 Ym {l~d ufsd mdmn~iod hfjqd~ fundjfdxda ql ud{i~iqd afuuljxda hl~m lh {glu{gl~tu h~lmutu{doada hl~m

Ioijvqfeijjv {glu{gl~tu lh i uim{jd eio nd afxfada foql

qg~dd egdmfeij qv{du ^dieqfxd {glu{gl~tu Iefa-gva~ljvuinjd {glu{gl~tu '{ljv{glu{giqdu&

L~biofe {glu{gl~tu

^dieqfxd {glu{gl~tu3 [glu{gl~tu qgiq ~du{loa ql

eljl~fmdq~fe qduqu rfqgltq {~djfmfoi~v gva~ljvufu l~lwfaiqfxd afbduqflo Eio foejtad nlqg afuuljxda ioa utu{doada hl~mu

Ji~bdjv i mdiut~d lh l~qgl{glu{giqd



49/72

Iefa-gva~ljvuinjd {glu{gl~tu3 {glu{gl~tu qgiq fueloxd~qda foql foql afuuljxda l~qgl{glu{giqd lo iefagva~ljvufu iq nlfjfob riqd~ qdm{d~iqt~d

Mluqjv eloadouda {glu{giqd ioa eio nd nlqg utu{doada

ioa afuuljxda eloadouda {glu{giqd Ulmd h~ieqflo lh qgd l~biofe {glu{giqd eio ijul nd

gva~ljvsda

I{{~l{~fiqd udjdeqflo lh iefa uq~dobqg* gva~ljvufu qfmd ioaqdm{d~iqt~d eio mfofmfsd gva~ljvufu lh l~biofe {glu{giqd

L~biofe l~ l~biofeijjv nltoa {glu{gl~tu3 {glu{giqdh~ieqflo qgiq fu eloxd~qda ql l~qgl{glu{giqd lojv nvlwfaiqfxd aduq~teqflo lh l~biofe miqqd~

Eio nd fo nlqg uljtnjd ioa {i~qfetjiqd hl~mu



50/72

[glu{giqd duqfmiqflo

Ioijvufu foxljxdu qrl uqd{u Eloxd~uflo lh qgd {glu{gl~tu hl~m lh foqd~duq ql afuuljxda

l~qgl{glu{giqd

Eljl~fmdq~fe adqd~mfoiqflo lh afuuljxda l~qgl{glu{giqd

Afbduqflo ugltja lwfafsd qgd l~biofe miqqd~ ioa ~djdiud

{glu{gl~tu iu l~qgl{glu{giqd Qgd~d i~d qg~dd mdqglau [d~egjl~fe iefa mdqgla 'xd~v a~iuqfe ioa qfmd eloutmfob mdqgla

tuda hl~ afhhfetjq uim{jdu uteg iu udafmdoqu

Ofq~fe iefa utjht~fe iefa mdqgla ~delmmdoada hl~ mluq uim{jdu

[d~utjhiqd lwfaiqflo mdqgla ufm{jduq mdqgla {~fl~ ql ial{qfobmi`d elm{i~fulo rfqg qgd qrl a~iuqfe mdqglau

B~ixfmdq~fe* xljtmdq~fe ioa eljl~fmdq~fe mdqglau eio nd tuda hl~duqfmiqfob l~qgl hl~mu B~ixfmdq~fe fu utfqinjd hl~ xd~v gfbg eloedoq~iqflou

Hl~ ?4; mb,j xljtmdq~fe fu i{{~l{~fiqd 'nlfjd~ njlralro riqd~ ioaioid~lnfe afbduqd~ ut{d~oiqioq&

Hl~ tutijjv doeltoqd~da jdxdju eljl~fmdq~fe fu {~dhd~~da


51/72

Eljl~fmdq~fe3Ihqd~ afbduqflo qgd jfnd~iqda l~qgl{glu{giqdfu adqd~mfoda nv

Xioialmljvnal{glu{gl~fe iefa eljl~fmdq~fe mdqgla bllahl~ eloedoq~iqflo ~iobd lh 9 ql >; mb,j

Uqiooltu egjl~fad mdqgla blla hl~ ;/;9 ql 8 mb,j

Iuel~nfe iefa mdqgla

Afhhd~doq hl~mu lh {glu{gl~tu

[ljv-[ = iefa gva~ljvuinjd-[ l~qgl-[

L~biofe-[ = afbduqda-[ iefa gva~ljvuinjd-[



52/72

Udjdeqflo lh mdqgla ad{doau ji~bdjv lo eloedoq~iqflo ~iobd lh qgdl~qgl{glu{giqd

Fo eiud lh jlrd~ eloedoq~iqflou fo l~ad~ ql lxd~elmd foqd~hd~doedu

io dwq~ieqflo uqd{ miv nd iaadaHl~ hfoafob afhhd~doq hl~mu lh {glu{gl~tu* utncdeq qgd uim{jd ql

Af~deq eljl~fmdq~fe bfxdu ~dieqfxd {glu{gl~tu

Iefa gva~ljvufu ioa qgdo eljl~fmdq~fe bfxdu nlqg ~dieqfxd{glu{gl~tu ioa iefa gva~ljvuinjd {glu{gl~tu

Afbduqflo ioa qgdo eljl~fmdq~fe bfxdu qlqij {glu{gl~tu '~dieqfxd*iefa gva~ljvuinjd ioa l~biofe {glu{gl~tu&

Hl~ bdqqfob qgd afuuljxda h~ieqflou lh afhhd~doq hl~mu lh {glu{gl~tuhfjqd~ qgd uim{jd ioa qduq qgd hfjq~iqd



53/72

Uim{jd ~dud~xiqflo ioa uql~ibd ioalqgd~ {~deitqflou

Hl~ {~dud~xfob* h~ddsd qgd uim{jd iq l~ ndjlr 9;E

Hl~ uql~fob qgd uim{jd hl~ jlobd~ {d~flau iaa 1; mb,j lh GbEj> 'igisi~altu utnuqioed& ql qgd uim{jd

Fh foqd~duq fu ql duqfmiqd afhhd~doq hl~mu lh {glu{gl~ltu ixlfaiaafob iefa l~ EGEj5 iu i {~dud~xiqfxd

Fo eiud lh duqfmiqflo lh qlqij {glu{gl~tu 9 mj GEj,jfqd~ lh uim{jdeio nd iaada hl~ {~dud~xiqflo fo eiud lh h~ddsfob qgd~d fu olodda ql iaa iov iefa

Uim{jdu rfqg jlr {glu{gl~tu eloedoq~iqflo ugltja olq nd uql~da

fo {jiuqfe nlqqjdu ndeitud rijju lh qgd nlqqjdu iaul~n {glu{gl~tu[~fl~ ql tud ijj bjiuu eloqifod~u ugltja nd hf~uq ~fouda rfqg glq afjtqd

GEj

Elmmd~efij adqd~bdoqu eloqifofob {glu{gl~tu ugltja olq nd tudahl~ ejdiofob


54/72

Uim{jd {~d{i~iqflo 'foejtafob afbduqflo&

Ad{doafob lo qgd odda hfjqd~ qgd uim{jd qg~ltbg ;/14 tmmdmn~iod hfjqd~ 'fo eiud lh gi~a ql hfjqd~ uim{jdu hfjqd~qg~ltbg i bjiuu hfnd~ hfjqd~&

Ndhl~d tud* riug qgd mdmn~iod hfjqd~ nv uli`fob fo afuqfjjdariqd~ 'egiobd qgd afuqfjjda riqd~ iq jdiuq loed& l~ nv hfjqd~fobudxd~ij niqegdu lh 9;; mj afuqfjjda riqd~ uim{jdu qg~ltbgqgd mdmn~iod hfjqd~

Iefa gva~ljvuinjd {glu{gl~tu3

Qi`do iu qgd afhhd~doed ndqrddo qgd {glu{gl~tu mdiut~dafo qgd toq~diqda uim{jd ioa qgiq mdiut~da fo iefagva~ljvsda uim{jd

Foejtadu eloadouda {glu{giqdu '{v~l* q~f{ljv ioa gfbgd~mljdetji~ rdfbgq {glu{giqdu jf`d gdwimdqi{glu{giqd&

Ulmd l~biol {glu{giqd elm{ltoau oiqt~ij riqd~ uim{jdumiv ijul bdq gva~ljvsda ioa eloq~fntqd


55/72

Iefa gva~ljvufu {~ledat~d

9/ Iefafhv olro xljtmd lh uim{jd 'iaa 9,> a~l{u{gdolj{gqgijdfo* afuegi~bd eljlt~ nv a~l{ rfud iaafqflolh uq~lob iefa uljtqflo 'UIU&* ioa iaa UIU '939;;&

[~d{i~d uq~lob iefa uljtqflo nv ujlrjv iaafob eloedoq~iqda 5;;mj lh G>UL1 ql 8;; mj afuqfjjda riqd~* ellj ioa iaa 1 mj lh

eloedoq~iqda GOL5 ioa qgdo mi`fob t{ xljtmd ql lod jfqd~>/ Ei~~v ltq gva~ljvufu nv dfqgd~ lh qgd hljjlrfob

Bdoqjv nlfjfob iefafhfda uim{jd hl~ ? 6; mfo/ 'al olq ijjlr uim{jdxljtmd ql a~l{ ndjlr >4$ lh qgd l~fbfoij - iaa afuqfjjda riqd~

itqlejixd iefafhfda uim{jd iq 67-952 [i hl~ 5; mfotqdu

5/ Ellj* odtq~ijfsd gva~ljvsda uim{jd rfqg 8O OiLG qlhifoq {fo` ( iactuq ql l~fbfoij xljtmd rfqg afuqfjjda riqd~

Tud i eijfn~iqflo et~xd elouq~teqda h~lm qgd iefa gva~ljvsdaud~fdu lh uqioai~au fo qgd eljl~fmdq~fe mdiut~dmdoq


56/72

[d~egjl~fe iefa afbduqflo

Gdiqda mfwqt~du lh GEjL1 ioa l~biofe miqqd~ eio dw{jladxfljdoqjv

Al olq iaa GEjL1 ql glq uljtqflou eloqifofob l~biofe miqqd~ Fofqfiqd afbduqflo rfqg GOL5 ioa elm{jdqd afbduqflo tufob

mfwqt~d lh GOL5 ioa GEjL1

Tud gllau u{defijjv elouq~teqda hl~ GEjL1 htmfob'eloodeqda ql i riqd~ {tm{&

Al olq ijjlr qgd uim{jd ql dxi{l~iqd ql a~voduu at~foba~voduu


57/72

Afbduqflo {~leduu

Qi`d mdiut~da xljtmd lh uim{jd 'eloqifofob aduf~daytioqfqv lh {glu{gl~tu& fo i elofeij hjiu`* iefafhv ql mdqgvjl~iobd rfqg elo/ GOL5 ioa qgdo iaa 4 mj lh elo/ GOL5

Dxi{l~iqd iefafhfda uim{jd lo glq{jiqd,uqdim niqg ql 94->;mj xljtmd

Ellj* iaa 9; mj lh elo/ GOL5* ellj ioa iaa 9; mj lh GEjL1

Iaa hdr nlfjfob egf{u ioa bdoqjv dxi{l~iqd lo glq {jiqd toqfjadoud rgfqd htmdu lh GEjL1 i{{di~

fh qgd eloqdoqu i~d olq ejdi~ elxd~ qgd hjiu` rfqg riqeg bjiuuioa `dd{ qgdm ni~djv nlfjfob qfjj qgdv ndelmd ejdi~ fhoddada iaa 9; mj ml~d lh GOL5

Ellj qgd eloqdoqu* iaa {gdolj{gqgijdfo ioa odtq~ijfsd ql{fo` eljlt~ rfqg 8O OiLG - Fh oddada hfjqd~ qgd uim{jd 'riugqgd hfjqd~ rfqg afuqfjjda riqd~&

Mi`dt{ qgd xljtmd ql 9;; mj

Tud i eijfn~iqflo et~xd elouq~teqda h~lm qgd {d~egjl~fe iefaafbduqda ud~fdu lh uqioai~au fo qgd eljl~fmdq~femdiut~dmdoq

[d~egjl~fe iefa afbduqflo


58/72

Utjht~fe iefa-ofq~fe iefa afbduqflo

Qi`d mdiut~da xljtmd lh uim{jd eloqifofob aduf~daimltoq lh {glu{giqd foql mfe~l-`cdjaigj hjiu`* ioa iaa Fmj lh eloe/ G>UL1 ioa 4 mj lh eloe/ GOL5

Afbduq qgd uim{jd lo i afbduqflo ~ie` rfqg {~lxfuflo hl~htmdu rfqga~irij ql 9 mj xljtmd ioa eloqfotd qfjj qgd

uim{jd ndelmdu eljlt~jduu 'GOL5 ~dmlxda& Ellj ioa iaa inltq >; mj afuqfjjda riqd~* iaa

{gdolj{gqgijdfo foafeiql~ ioa odtq~ijfsd rfqg 9O OiLG ql{fo` uqfobd* ioa fh oddada hfjqd~ qgd uljtqflo ql ~dmlxdutu{doada miqqd~ ioa qt~nfafqv

Mi`dt{ qgd hfoij xljtmd ql 9;; mj

Tud i eijfn~iqflo et~xd elouq~teqda h~lm qgd utjht~fe iefa-ofq~fe iefa afbduqda ud~fdu lh uqioai~au fo qgd eljl~fmdq~femdiut~dmdoq


59/72

[d~utjhiqd afbduqflo mdqgla

Qi`d mdiut~da xljtmd lh uim{jd '4; mj lh jduu&* iaa{gdolj{gqgijdfo foafeiql~ ioa afuegi~bd eljlt~ rfqg a~l{-rfud iaafqflo lh G>UL1 uljtqflo

[~d{i~d G>UL1 uljtqflo nv ujlrjv iaafob 5;; mj lh eloe/ G>UL1 ql8;; mj afuqfjjda riqd~ ioa qgdo mi`fob t{ xljtmd ql lod jfqd~

Iaa iaafqfloij 9 mj iefa uljtqflo ioa ;/1 b lh uljfaimmloftm {d~utjhiqd l~ ;/4 b lh uljfa {lqiuuftm{d~utjhiqd

Nlfj qgd uim{jd lo glq{jiqd hl~ 5;-1; mfo/ qfjj xljtmd fu~dateda ql 9; mj 'ed~qifo l~biol{glu{gl~tu elm{ltoau

miv ~dytf~d 9/4 ql > glt~u afbduqflo& l~Itqlejixd qgd uim{jd iq 67-952 `[i hl~ 5; mfotqdu

Ellj qgd afbduqda eloqdoqu* iaa {gdolj{gqgijdfo foafeiql~ioa odtq~ijfsd ql hifoq {fo` eljlt~ rfqg 9 O OiLG


60/72

Mi`dt{ qgd xljtmd ql 9;; mj

al olq rl~~v fh {~def{fqiqd fu hl~mda ugi`d rdjj fh qgd uim{jdfu utnafxfada iefafe eloafqflou lh eljl~fmdq~fe qduqfob miv~d-afuuljxd qgd {~def{fqiqd

Tud eijfn~iqflo et~xd elouq~teqda h~lm {d~utjhiqd afbduqdaud~fdu lh uqioai~au fo qgd eljl~fmdq~fe mdiut~dmdoq

[d~utjhiqd afbduqflo mdqgla


61/72

Xioialmljvnal{glu{gl~fe iefaeljl~fmdq~fe mdqgla

Toad~ iefafe eloafqflou uim{jdu l~qgl{glu{giqd ~diequ rfqgimmloftm mljvnaiqd ioa hl~mu mljvnal{glu{gl~fe iefa

Fo qgd {~dudoed lh xioiaftm* mljvnal{glu{gl~fe iefa

{~latedu vdjjlr eljlt~ '{~l{l~qfloij ql elo/ lh {glu{giqd& Eljlt~ foqdoufqv fu mdiut~da iu inul~nioed iq 1;;-16; om

Qi`d 4; mj uim{jd* iactuq {G nv afuegi~bfob{gdolj{gqgijdfo eljlt~ rfqg 939 GEj ioa mi`dt{ xljtmdql 9;; mj

GOL5 l~ G>UL1 l~ GEjL1 eio nd utnuqfqtqd hl~ GEj

Fh uim{jd fu eljlt~da ugi`d 4; mj lh qgd uim{jd rfqg >;; mblh ieqfxiqda ei~nlo hl~ 4 mfo ioa hfjqd~ ql ~dmlxd ei~nlo

Qi`d ei~d ieqfxiqda ei~nlo fqudjh fu gixfob iov {glu{giqd

LGOGMlL[LOGGMlLOG[L>151511>1

5

19>>99>/>19> {


62/72

Qi`d 54 mj uim{jd l~ jduu eloqifofob ;/;4 ql 9/; mb,j lh{glu{giqd foql 4; mj xljtmdq~fe hjiu`

Iaa 9; mj lh xioiaiqd-mljvnaiqd ~dibdoq ioa qgdomi`dt{ xljtmd ql qgd mi~` rfqg afuqfjjda riqd~

Afuuljxd 9/>4 b lh immloftm mdqixioiaiqd* OG1XL5* fo5;; mj lh afuqfjjda riqd~ nv gdiqfob ql nlfjfob0 ellj ioa iaa55; mj lh eloe/ GEj0 ellj ioa iaa >4 b lh immloftmmljvnaiqd 'OG1&8Ml2L>1/1G>L afuuljxda fo 5;; mjafuqfjjda riqd~0 ioa mi`dt{ hfoij xljtmd ql lod jfqd~

^llm qdm{d~iqt~d xi~fiqflou ihhdeq eljlt~ foqdoufqv

Ihqd~ 9; mfotqdu l~ ml~d mdiut~d inul~nioed lh qgduim{jd iq 1;;-16; om

Mifoqifo njio` ijul



63/72

[~d{i~d eijfn~iqflo et~xd nv tufob utfqinjd xljtmdu lh

uqioai~a {glu{giqd uljtqflou {i~ijjdj rfqg qgd uim{jd ioaqgd njio`

[~d{i~d uqle` uqioai~a {glu{giqd uljtqflo nv afuuljxfob>96/4 mb lh iogva~ltu @G>[L1 fo lod jfqd~ uljtqflo ql bdq9mj=;/;4 mb {glu{giqd

eijfn~iqflo et~xdu miv nd elouq~teqda iq xi~flturixdjdobqgu ndqrddo 1;;-16; om



64/72

Tojduu gdiqda ufjfei ioa i~udoiqd rfjj olq eitud {lufqfxdfoqd~hd~doed

I~udoiqd* hjtl~fad* qgl~ftm* nfumtqg* utjhfad* qgflutjhiqd*qgflevioiqd ioa dweduu lh mljvnaiqd eio eitud odbiqfxdfoqd~hd~doedu

Utjhfad foqd~hd~doed eio nd ~dmlxda nv lwfaiqflo rfqgn~lmfod riqd~

Fh GOL5 fu tuda fo qgd qduq egjl~fad eloedoq~iqflo ?24 mb,jeio eitud foqd~hd~doed

Ndjlr 9;; mb,j hd~~ltu f~lo miv olq ihhdeq qgd ~dutjqu Ndjlr 9;;; mb,j miov flou al olq eitud foqd~hd~d

Qgd mdqgla fu mluq utfqinjd hl~ i ~iobd 9 ql >; mb,j

Mfofmtm adqdeqinjd eloedoq~iqflo fu >;; Yb,jfqd~ fo 9-emjfbgq {iqg lh qgd u{deq~l{glqlmdqd~ edjju

Xioialmljvnal{glu{gl~fe iefaeljl~fmdq~fe mdqgla3 foqd~hd~doedu


65/72

Uqiooltu egjl~fad mdqgla

Toad~ iefafe eloafqflou uim{jdu l~qgl{glu{giqd ~diequ rfqgimmloftm mljvnaiqd ioa hl~mu mljvnal{glu{gl~fe iefa

Uqiooltu egjl~fad ~datedu qgd mljvnal{glu{gl~fe iefa ql

foqdoudjv eljlt~da mljvnadotm njtd Eljlt~ foqdoufqv fu mdiut~da iu inul~nioed iq 86; om

Mdqgla fu ml~d udoufqfxd nv foe~diufob jfbgq {iqg jdobqgeloedoq~iqflo iu jlr iu ;/;;2 mb,j eio nd mdiut~da

Rgdo eloedoq~iqflo fu :;/9 mb,j io dwq~ieqflo uqd{ eio

dogioed ~djfinfjfqv ioa jduudo foqd~hd~doed 'rfqg dwq~ieqflouqd{ mfofmtm adqdeqinjd jfmfq fu ;/;;5 mb,j&

Eloedoq~iqflo ~iobd hl~ rgfeg utfqinjd fu ;/;9 ql 8 mb,j


66/72

Qi`d 9;; mj uim{jd ioa afuegi~bd {gdolj{gqgijdfo {fo`eljlt~ nv a~l{ rfud iaafqflo lh uq~lob iefa uljtqflo

Rgdo {glu{gl~tu jdxdj fu ?> mb,j qi`d uim{jd xljtmd rfqg:;/> mb lh {glu{gl~tu mi`dt{ xljtmd ql 9;; mj

Fh uq~lob iefa uljtqflo eloutmda fu ml~d qgio 4 a~l{u qgdoijul afjtqd qgd uim{jd

Rgfjd `dd{fob ijj qgd uim{jdu qdm{d~iqt~d fo >;-5;E ~iobdioa elouqioq 'ijj uim{jdu qdm{d~iqt~d rfqgfo > E ~iobd&iaa 1 mj lh mljvnaiqd ~dibdoq* mfw ioa qgdo iaa 9;a~l{u ';/4 mj& lh uqiooltu egjl~fad uljtqflo ioa mfw

Mljvnaiqd ~dibdoq3 eitqfltujv iaa >7; mj lh eloe/ G>UL1 fo1;; mj* ellj* iaa >4 b immloftm mljvnaiqd afuuljxda fo924 mj afuqfjjda riqd~* mi`dt{ qgd hfoij xljtmd ql 9 jfqd~

Uqiooltu egjl~fad ~dibdoq3 afuuljxd >/4 b lh uqiooltuegjl~fad 'UoEj>/>G>L& fo 9;; mj bjved~lj 'gdiq fo riqd~ niqghl~ afuuljtqflo&



67/72

Mdiut~d eljlt~ ihqd~ 9; mfo ntq ndhl~d 9> mfo{glqlmdq~feijjv iq 86; om ioa ~dia eloedoq~iqflo h~lmeijfn~iqflo et~xd ioa iactuq ql qgd uim{jd afjtqflo miad

Eglud jfbgq {iqg jdobqg utfqinjv ';/4 em hl~ ;/5 > mb,j* >em hl~ ;/9 9/; mb,j ioa 9; em hl~ ;/;;2 ;/> mb,j&

Qgd eijfn~iqflo et~xd miv adxfiqd h~lm i uq~ifbgq jfod iqgfbgd~ eloedoq~iqflou ~iobd ';/5 ql > mb,j&

Ijrivu ~to njio` 'afuqfjjda riqd~& lo ~dibdoqu[~d{i~d iq jdiuq lod uqioai~a rfqg dieg udq lh uim{jdu l~

loed i aiv



68/72

Oddada hl~ lxd~elmfob foqd~hd~doedu

Qi`d 1; mj uim{jd 'l~ afjtqda uim{jd& foql i 9>4 mjud{i~iqfob htoodj* iaa 4; mj lh ndosdod-fulntqiolj ioa94 mj lh mljvnaiqd ~dibdoq-D

Ejlud qgd htoodj fmmdafiqdjv ioa ugi`d xfbl~ltujv hl~ 94ude/* ~dmlxd uql{{d~ ioa q~iouhd~ >4 mj lh qgd ud{i~iqdal~biofe jivd~ foql 4; mj xljtmdq~fe hjiu`

Iaa 94-98 mj lh ijelgljfe G>UL1* urf~j* iaa ;/4 mj lhuqiooltu egjl~fad-D ~dibdoq* urf~j ioa afjtqd ql mi~` rfqg

ijelgljfe G>UL1 Ihqd~ 9; mfo/ ntq ndhl~d 5; mfo mdiut~d eljlt~ iq 8>4 om

ibifouq i njio` '1; mj afuqfjjda riqd~& ioa ~diaeloedoq~iqflo h~lm i eijfn~iqflo et~xd

Uqiooltu egjl~fad mdqgla 'Dwq~ieqflo&


69/72

^dibdoqu

Ndosdod fulntqiolj uljxdoq3 mfw dytij xljtmdu lhndosdod ioa fulntqiolj 'gfbgjv hjimminjd&

Mljvnaiqd ~dibdoq-D3 afuuljxd 1;/9 b lh immloftmmljvnaiqd fo 4;; mj afuqfjjda riqd~ ioa ujlrjv iaa 568mj lh mljvnaiqd ~dibdoq* ellj ioa mi`dt{ hfoijxljtmd ql 9 jfqd~

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nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in water and wastewater

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