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Essential Oils • Acids & Salts • Nucleotides

Nutracid Slow-release

Sorbic acid

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Stomach Prox.Jejunum

Distaljejunum

Ileum Caecum Colon

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (µ

mo

l/g

DM

)

Negative control

Nutracid Essential

Free components

a aaaaaaaaaa

b

bb

bb

b

b

Matrix of triglycerides

Nutriënt

Nutriënt

Essential oils

Stomach Prox.Jejunum

Distaljejunum

Ileum Caecum Colon

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (n

mo

l/g

DM

)

Negative control

Nutracid Essential

Free components

a aaaa

bb

b

b

0

50

100

150

200

Effect on caecal microflora

Lactic acid bacteria Coli spp.

Log

cfu

/g fa

eces

Negative control

Nutracid Essential

Free components

5

7.5

10

12.5

a

b

a

b

bb

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Slow release technology n

DeScriptioN

The active components are embedded in a matrix of vegetable triglycerides. Therefore, the major part will only be released after degradation of the fat matrix by pancreatic lipases, thus preventing an immediate absorption of the active components, while ensuring their action throughout the entire gastro-intestinal tract.

Slow-releaSe DemoNStrateD iN pigletS

treatments

control feed 99control feed + nutracid essential99control feed + free acids + essential oils + fat99(feed administrered during 2 weeks before slaughter)

measured parameters

Sections of the gastro-intestinal tract are isolated after 99slaughtering. Their content is used for chemical and microbiological analysis. Markers: sorbic acid and essential oils99

Slow releaSe techNologyFigure 1:

Sorbic aciDFigure 2:

eSSeNtial oilSFigure 3: eFFect oN caecal microFloraFigure 4:

Nutracid product range n

protecto FocuS eSSeNtial9

iNteStim

Act

ive

com

pone

nts Malic acid

citric acidPhosphoric acidfumaric acidSorbic acid

calcium formatecalcium propionatefumaric acidPotassium sorbate

Malic acidcitric acidfumaric acidSorbic acidessential oils

calcium butyratenucleotides

Dos

age Piglets 2-3 kg / ton

Layers 0.6-1 kg / ton

Broilers 0,2-0,5 kg / ton Piglets 0,5-1 kg / ton

Pigs 1 kg / ton Piglets 0,5-1 kg / ton Pigs (20-40 kg) 0,5 kg / ton

Sows 1-2 kg/ ton Pigs 0,25-0,5 kg / ton Pigs (40-105 kg) 0,2 kg / ton

effec

t improved production increased resistance against pathogens

improved production increased resistance against pathogens

improved productionincreased resistance against pathogens

OH

NO

O

OH

OH

OH

OP

N

N

NNH2

OH

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active components n

orgaNic aciDS aND SaltS

Since many years, acidifiers are in use in piglet feeds in order to lower the buffering capacity. Additionall y, acids and their salts are incorporated to limit the microbial contamination of the feed. Moreover, in vitro research and animal trials indicate that high dosages of organic acids modulate the intestinal flora.

eSSeNtial oilS

essential oils are well known to exert several positive effects in animal nutrition, such as stimulating feed intake and digestive fluids, antioxidant function, immunomodulation and an antimicrobial effect.

They consist of a diverse group of volatile, aromatic oils obtained from plants or herbs by steam destillation or extraction. essential oil products are often very complex mixtures that can contain more than 60 different structures.

The large variation that occurs in their composition and efficiency is explained by differences in the harvest season, the geographical origin, the plant segment, the method of production, etc. This results in a clear advantage to the use of purified major components or nature-identical synthetic products.

NucleotiDeS

nucleotides are the building blocks of DnA and rnA, but also of numerous enzymes and co-enzymes, therefore playing a major role in metabolism.

in animals, nucleotides are considered as semi-essential nutrients as animals are capable of de novo synthesis of nucleotides, or they can recover nucleotides from breakdown products or from their diet. The latter is known as the “salvage pathway” and requires less energy and is therefore preferred by the animal's metabolism.

in rapidly dividing tissues, a relative shortage of nucleotides can occur. Supplementing nucleotides through the feed can overcome this and stimulate the functioning of the two main rapidly dividing tissues: the gastro-intestinal tract and the immune system.

NOO

OH

OH

OH

OP

N

N

NNH2

OH

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mode of action n

ph-eFFect: organic acids

Just like inorganic acids, organic acids dissociate in aqueous solution which decreases the ph of the environment. for most bacteria, a ph of 2 has a bactericidal effect.

Selective bacterioStatic eFFect: organic acids & essential oils

Undissociated organic acids have hydrophobic properties which enable them to penetrate the lipophilic cell or mitochondrial wall; or to reside within the cell membrane thereby exerting a bacteriostatic effect on ph-sensitive bacteria such as Salmonella en e. coli.

poSitive eFFect oN the iNteStiNal morphology: butyric acid & nucleotides

Butyric acid is a source of energy for intestinal epithelial cells. it also stimulates the production of growth factors such as iGf-i, its binding proteins and its receptors.

furthermore, butyric acid interacts directly at the level of multiplication and metabolism of the intestinal wall cells. This results in an increased cell growth in the crypt and in decreased cell death at the top of the villi.

As a building block of DnA and rnA, exogenous nucleotides stimulate cell growth in the intestinal wall which results in longer villi, thereby increasing their absorption capacity.

Both components result in longer villi and more optimally functioning enterocytes.

eFFect oN the iNterNal Figure 5: ph oF a pathogeNic bacteria

Ah: undissociated acid•eo: essential oil• ah

ah

a-

[a-] ph

H+

eo

disturbed cell metabolism

pH

energy consumption

disturbed functioning of the cell membrane

ah

h+

cell

wall eo ah cell mem

br

aN

e

ca

lciu

m b

ut

yr

ate

Nu

cle

oti

DeS

NOO

OH

OH

OH

OP

N

N

NNH2

OH

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StroNger iNteStiNal DeFeNSe: butyric acid & nucleotides

Butyric acid helps guarantee an intact intestinal wall, limiting undesirable translocation of bacteria from the intestinal content towards animal tissues. it also influences the immune system in a more direct way by easing infections for example.

Similar to butyric acid, exogenous nucleotides help guarantee an intact intestinal wall, limiting the incoming flow of bacteria towards the tissues. Moreover, nucleotides modulate the immune system, as detectable in antibody levels and proper functioning of lymphocytes.

iNteStiNal epithelium DamageD iNteStiNal epithelium

brush border: microvilli

“tight junction”: contact surface between the

intestinal epithelial cells

transcellular transport (e.g. nutrients)

paracellular transport (e.g. bacteria and toxins)

iNteStiNal wallintestinal epithelial cells: Enterocytes & goblet cells

increased paracellular transport (e.g. bacteria and toxins)

iNteStiNal coNteNtFigure 6:

SLow ViLLi GrowTh

Decreased regeneration of enterocytes and a weakened local resistance lead to digestive disorders

Undigested nutrients are a substrate for the intestinal flora

fAST ViLLi GrowTh

The nutrients are efficiently absorbed

Pathogens are eliminated by the immune system

The brush border enzymes are abundantly liberated into the lumen

Bacteriostatic effect on ph-sensitive bacteria

Less apoptosis of fully developped enterocytes

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animal trials n

nutracid Protectotable 1:

Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FC

Piglets • 12/2002 • day 1-14 / day 15-44

Acid A 5000 266 1.95

N. Protecto 2000 289 1.87

N. Protecto / Acid A 2000/2000 2500/- 288 1.92

Acid B 10 000 279 1.98

Pigs • 20-40 kg • 01/2003

N. Protecto 1000 579 2.04

Salinomycin 60 572 2.06

nutracid essentialtable 2:

Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FC

Piglets • 06/2004

Free acids 5000 379 1.88

N. Essential 1000 393 1.83

Piglets • 03/2005

Salinomycin 60 433 1.61

N. Essential 500 442 1.59

Finishing pigs • 10/2005

Neg. control - 700 3.04

N. Essential 400/250 716 3.03

N. Essential 800/500 742 3.02

N. Essential 1200/750 744 3.00

table 4: nutracid Focus

dasage (pmm) weight (g) FC FC2kg

Broilers • 09/2002

Avilamycin 10 2067 1.61 1.58

N. Focus 600 2126 1.61 1.56

Broilers • 05/2003 • day 1-30 / day 30-42

Avilamycin 10/10 2061 1.67 1.64

Avilamycin • N. Focus 10/- -/600 2082 1.65 1.61

table 3: nutracid essential

Dosage (ppm) weight (g) FC FC2kg

Broilers • 11/2003 • day 1-44

Avilamycin 10 2551 1.75 1.53

N. Essential 300 2559 1.74 1.51

Broilers • 10/2004 • day 15-43

Avilamycin 10 2275 1.81 1.70

N. Essential 300 2336 1.79 1.66

Broilers • 07/2005 • day 1-14 / 15-42

Lactic acid +/+ 2307 1.77 1.65

Y-mos / N. Essential 1500/500 300/200 2379 1.76 1.61

MCFA 2000/1000 2315 1.80 1.67

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table 5: nutracid intestim

Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FC

Piglets 8-22 kg • KU Leuven • Belgium • 11/2006

Negative control - 319 1.93

Nutracid InteStim 1000 335 1.90

Ca butyrate 70 1000 289 2.09

Piglets 8-22 kg • KU Leuven •Belgium • 04/2007

Negative control - 388 1.44

Nutracid InteStim 500 403 1.40

Nutracid Essential 500 390 1.39

Piglets 8-22 kg • KU Leuven • Belgium • 10/2007

Prestarter / starter Negative control 1000/500 ppm Nutracid IteStim 2% / 1% fibre source

boDy weight (kg)

Day -7 6.6 6.6 6.4

Day 1 8.2 8.6 8.0

Day 41 21.9 23.6 21.0

growth (g/Day)

Day -7 to day 1 229 286 229

Day 1 to day 41 332 366 317

Day -7 to day 41 326 362 311

FeeD coNverSioN

Day 1 to day 41 2.18 1.98 2.13

litter Score

Day 1 to day 19 3.30 2.90 2.65

Fattening pigs 24 - 110 kg • KU Leuven • Belgium 2008

Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FC

Negative control - 741 3.19

Nutracid InteStim 500 / 200 747 3.07

Nucleotiden + Ca butyrate 250 + 250 / 150 +150 747 3.11

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NutrexNV•Achterstenhoek5•2275Lille•Belgium•Tel+3214883111•info@nutrex.be•www.nutrex.be

NutracidSlow-release

nXnUTrAciD20100301e - V1

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