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TRANSCRIPT
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Section A
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Section B
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Paper Reference(s)
4370/1FLondon ExaminationsIGCSEGeography
Foundation TierPaper 1FThursday 15 November 2007 – MorningTime: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials required for examination Items included with question papersRuler, pencil and pen Nil
Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper.This paper is arranged in two sections, A and B.In Section A, answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.In Section B, answer ONE question in the spaces provided.Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ).If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ).Some parts of questions must also be answered with a cross in a box ( ).
Information for CandidatesThe marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 110. There are 32 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.
Advice to CandidatesWrite your answers neatly and in good English.
Paper Reference
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Hard rock
River
Boulders
River
SECTION A
Answer ALL six questions in this section.
1. Water
(a) Study Figure 1 which shows one type of waterfall.
1 .....................................
2 .....................................
Figure 1
(i) Fill in the blank spaces 1, 2 and 3 by choosing from the following words:
• undercutting • plunge pool • softer rock.
(2)
(ii) What is meant by the term hard rock?
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(iii) Why did the hard rock cause a waterfall to form?
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(iv) Explain how feature 3 shown in Figure 1 was formed.
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(v) Why does undercutting occur where shown in Figure 1?
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(b) Waterfalls can create both benefits and problems. Describe:
1. one benefit
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2. one problem.
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(Total 15 marks)
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2. Hazards
(a) Study Figure 2 which shows the area of India affected by a cyclone (tropical storm) in October 1999.
Figure 2
(i) State the impact of this cyclone in the state of Orissa on:
1. the people
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2. the economy.
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Delhi
Calcutta
Bay of Bengal
INDIA
Warm sea
Indian Ocean
BANGLADESH
A
B
Ganges Delta
Track of cyclone150 mph winds7m high storm surge hit low coast
Cyclone loses strength
A
B
12 million people homeless
tens of thousands of people dead or missing
80% of coconut trees and sugar crop lost
$2.5 billion damage to roads, railways, power lines and telecommunications
CYCLONE IMPACT ON ORISSA
Orissa
N
0 500km
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(ii) Suggest why the storm lost strength as it crossed the state of Orissa.
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(iii) What is a storm surge?
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(b) (i) Give one name, other than cyclone, by which tropical storms are known.
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(ii) When are tropical storms most common in the Northern Hemisphere? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box.
June and July when sea temperatures are warming
April and May when sea temperatures are cool
September and October when sea temperatures are warmest(1)
(iii) Give two types of weather that occur with the arrival of a tropical storm.
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(c) Referring to examples, give two reasons why the impact of tropical storms is greater in some areas of the world than others.
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3. Production
(a) Study Figure 3 which shows Kia Motors’ new research and development (R&D) centre close to Paris, France.
Figure 3
(i) Give one example of the work done in an R&D centre.
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(ii) To which sector of employment does R&D belong? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary(1)
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(iii) R&D in the motor car industry can be described as high-tech. Suggest why.
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(iv) Give two advantages of the site shown in Figure 3 for a modern high-tech R&D centre.
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(b) Kia Motors separates its R&D from its mass production which is located in Asia.
(i) What is mass production?
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(ii) Suggest why car manufacturers mass produce.
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(iii) Explain why the R&D work of many transnational companies is carried out in MEDCs such as France.
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4. Development
(a) Study Figure 4 which is a map of Shanghai, China. Pudong is a district of Shanghai.
Figure 4
(i) On which bank of the Hangpu river is Pudong located?
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(ii) Give two factors that limited the economic development of Pudong before 1990.
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NYangtze River
Pudong(poor area of marshy farmland and mud flats before 1990.)New multi-purpose development:airport, hotels, metro link, restaurants, apartments, banks, Stock Exchange, high-tech industries
Lack of bridgeswas an obstacle todevelopment before 1990
PacificOcean
North America
JapanSouth Korea
Hong KongSingaporeTaiwanMalaysia
Hangpu River
Central Shanghai(overcrowded)
Key
City boundary of Shanghai
Outer ring road
Inner ring road
Pudong district
0 20km
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(iii) Suggest why the Chinese government identified Pudong as a suitable site for development after 1990.
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(b) In 2000 the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Pudong was ten times greater than in 1990.
(i) What is Gross Domestic Product?
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(ii) With reference to Figure 4, identify:
1. a secondary industry that has recently located in Pudong
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2. a tertiary industry that has recently located in Pudong.
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(iii) For one industry you have identified in (b)(ii), suggest how it might have contributed to the rise in GDP.
Industry ..............................................................
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(c) Suggest two different ways that governments such as that of China can stimulate an area in need of economic development. Examples may help your answer.
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5. Migration
(a) Study Figure 5 which shows a recent advertisement in a UK newspaper.
Figure 5
(i) For each of 1–3 below, put a cross ( ) in the box by the one word or phrase that best describes the type of migration advertised.
1. emigration immigration
2. economic migration political migration
3. skilled labour migration unskilled labour migration (3)
(ii) Give reasons why this type of migration is typical of booming economies.
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COME TO CANADA!We have a booming economy and MANY job vacancies to fill!
Requirements:personal wealth
education and training qualifications
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(iii) Suggest why having some personal wealth is a requirement for migration into Canada.
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(b) (i) What is a refugee?
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(ii) Give reasons for one named international migration of refugees.
Named migration ....................................................................................................
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6. Urban Environments
(a) Study Figure 6(a) which shows land use in Nairobi, Kenya.
Figure 6(a)
(i) Name two areas of shanty settlement.
1 ..........................................................................
2 ..........................................................................(2)
(ii) Give one typical characteristic of:
1. shanty town residents
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2. shanty town housing.
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Mathare Valley (African)
Floodplain
NairobiHill
UhuruPark
Kibera
Westlands
Parklands
Muthaiga
Dandora
Nairobi NationalPark
Road to Nairobiairport and road/railto Mombasa
Modern industrialarea
Industrialzone
N
Shantysettlement
Self-helphousing
FloodplainShanty
settlement
Shantysettlement
NairobiValley
Golfcourse
CBD
Openspace
(mainly European)
(mainly Asian)
(mainlyAfrican)
Shantysettlements
(African)
Middleincom e
residential(mainly African)
Lowincom e
residential(mainly African)
Hi g
hi n
co
me
re
si d
e n t i a l
2km
0
Lower Nairobi
ValleyRiver Nairobi
River Mathare
River Ngong
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(iii) What is meant by the term self-help housing?
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(iv) Describe one difference between self-help housing and shanty housing.
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(v) What evidence is there on the map that the people of Nairobi live in areas according to:
1. their income
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2. their ethnicity?
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(b) Study Figure 6(b) which is a photograph taken from Nairobi Hill.
Figure 6(b)
Using both Figures 6(a) and 6(b), suggest why the photograph shows Nairobi’s Central Business District (CBD).
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TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 90 MARKS
Q6
(Total 15 marks)
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SECTION B
Answer ONE question only from this section.
Put a cross in the box indicating the question you have chosen to answer ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( )
and then put a cross in another box ( ).
If you answer Question 7, put a cross in this box ( ).
7. Fragile Environments
(a) Study Figure 7(a) which shows how the level of deforestation varies within the Amazonia region of Brazil.
Figure 7(a)
(i) What is meant by the term deforestation?
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(ii) Approximately what percentage of Amazonia has a high level of deforestation? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box.
10% 20% 50%(1)
R. Amazon
N
KEYLevel of deforestation
Low Medium High
River
National boundary
Boundary of Amazoniaregion of Brazil
ColombiaVenezuela
Peru
Bolivia 0 500 1000
km
AtlanticOcean
Equator0o
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(iii) Put a cross ( ) in the correct box to show whether each of the following statements is true or false.
True False
1. The highest level of deforestation is in the west of Amazonia
2. In most of Amazonia there has been a low level of deforestation
(2)
(b) Explain how deforestation can lead to:
(i) increased flooding of the river Amazon
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(ii) problems for the Amazonian ecosystem and local Indians.
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(c) Some Brazilians have been keen to develop economic activities in Amazonia. Describe two such activities that cause major deforestation.
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(d) Study Figure 7(b) which shows an area of agroforestry in the Amazonian rainforest.
Figure 7(b)
Explain how agroforestry may be thought of as a sustainable form of rainforest development.
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(Total 20 marks)
Annual crop
Mature tree crope.g. Wood (charcoal,
building timber, fuel)fruits (coconuts,
brazils, breadfruit)
Tree seedlingsplanted with annual
food crops
Hedgerows denselyplanted with trees
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If you answer Question 8, put a cross in this box ( ).
8. Globalisation
(a) Study Figure 8(a) which gives information about the overseas stores of Tesco plc, a UK supermarket company.
Figure 8(a)
(i) In which year did Tesco open its first store overseas?
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(ii) Into which two Asian countries has Tesco most recently expanded?
1 ..............................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................(1)
(iii) In which continent does Tesco plan to open stores in 2007?
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0
50
100
150
200
250
Num
ber o
f sto
res
1994 1995 1996 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2003 2004 2007
0.9 0.7 0.4 0.3 1.5 1.0 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.6
Dates of first store opening
Sales (£billion) in 2005
HungaryPoland
CzechRepublic Slovakia
Ireland
Thailand
S Korea
TaiwanMalaysia
Turkey
Japan
China
USA(predicted)
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(iv) Suggest why Tesco’s actions are an example of globalisation.
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(b) Study Figure 8(b) which shows how the Chinese GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is predicted to change between 2003 and 2050.
Figure 8(b)
(i) Describe how China’s GDP is predicted to change up to 2050.
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(ii) In relation to China’s GDP, what is meant by the term market?
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
20502003
OvertakesBritain2005
OvertakesAmerica2041(predicted)
000s
$bn
Chinese GDP
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(iii) Suggest why Tesco are keen to open more stores in China and in the USA.
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(c) Seven items recently bought in a UK Tesco store for a three-course dinner had collectively travelled approximately 55 000 kilometres from producer to store.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of this long-distance trade.
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If you answer Question 9, put a cross in this box ( ).
9. Human Welfare
(a) Study Figure 9(a) which shows the number of people suffering from a poor diet (malnutrition) in five areas of the world.
Figure 9(a)
(i) For one of the five regions shown, name one country within that region.
Region ....................................................................................................................
Named country ......................................................................................................(1)
(ii) Approximately how many people were malnourished in these five areas in 2005? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box.
300 million
500 million
700 million(1)
0
100
200
300
400
500
Region
Num
ber o
f peo
ple i
n m
illio
ns
0
100
200
300
400
500
North Africa and Near East
Africa south of the Sahara
East Asia South Asia Latin Americaand Caribbean
1975 1985 1995 2005
Key
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(iii) For the period 1975–2005, name one area in which the number of malnourished people:
1. decreased
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2. increased.
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(b) Study Figure 9(b) which shows how food supply and population can change in an LEDC.
Figure 9(b)
(i) Label a period of famine on the graph.(1)
Time
Incr
easi
ngto
tala
mou
nt
food sup
ply
popu
lation
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(ii) How can overpopulation lead to famine? Figure 9(b) may help your answer.
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(iii) Suggest three other causes of famine in LEDCs.
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(c) Describe how some LEDCs are trying to slow down the rate of population growth. Refer to examples in named countries.
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TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 20 MARKSTOTAL FOR PAPER: 110 MARKS
END
Q9
(Total 20 marks)
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