nuclear thermal rockets
DESCRIPTION
Nuclear Thermal Rockets. Brice Cassenti University of Connecticut. Nuclear Energy. Relativity Fission energy Radioactive decay Cross-sections Nuclear thermal rockets. Relativistic Energy. For all particles For photons For. Binding Energy. Fission of 92 U 235. Fission Process. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nuclear Thermal Rockets
Brice CassentiUniversity of Connecticut
![Page 2: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Nuclear Energy
• Relativity• Fission energy• Radioactive decay• Cross-sections• Nuclear thermal rockets
![Page 3: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Relativistic Energy
• For all particles
• For photons
• For
2
202
22220
2242420
/1 cv
cmmcE
cpEE
cpcmcm
22
00
hhpcE
m
1/ cv22
0 2
1mvcmE
![Page 4: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Binding Energy
![Page 5: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fission of 92U235
Energy Value (MeV)
Fission fragment kinetic energy 166.2
Neutron kinetic energy 4.8
Prompt X-rays 8.0
particles from fragment decay 7.0
particles from fragment decay 7.2
Antineutron from fragment decay 9.6
Total released energy 202.8
10
9436
13956
23692
23592
10 3 nKrBaUUn
![Page 6: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fission Process
![Page 7: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Radioactive Decay
• Consider uranium alpha decay
• Decay rate is proportional to number left
• Activity measured in Sieverts
42
23490
23892 HeThU
692.02ln
/10
half
mean
t
t
t
eNN
![Page 8: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fission Fragment Decay
![Page 9: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fission Fragment Size
![Page 10: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Neutrons Emitted
![Page 11: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Neutron Energy
![Page 12: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cross-Section
• Cross-section =
• Units – 1 barn=10-24cm2
nxeII
nIdx
dI
0
![Page 13: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Uranium Fission Cross-Sections
![Page 14: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Some Cross-Sections in barnsNucleus Absorption, a Capture, c Fission, f Scattering, s
92U235 687 107 580 10
94Pu239 1065 315 750 9.6
92U233 585 52 533 ?
92U238 2.75 2.75 0 8.3
U (natural) 7.68 3.50 4.18 8.3
fca : Note
![Page 15: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Neutron Moderator
![Page 16: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scattering Cross-Sections
![Page 17: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reactor Schematic
![Page 18: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nuclear Thermal Propulsion
• Solid Core– 850-950 second Specific Impulse
• Gas Core– 1800-1950 second Specific Impulse
![Page 19: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Solid Core Schematic
![Page 20: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NERVA Program
![Page 21: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NERVA Core & Fuel Rods
![Page 22: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Core Layout
![Page 23: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Gas Core Rocket
![Page 24: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nuclear Light Bulb
![Page 25: Nuclear Thermal Rockets](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061504/56813b44550346895da41cfc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
References
Bussard, R.W., and R.D. DeLauer, Nuclear Rocket Propulsion, McGraw-Hill Series in Missile and Space Technology, McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. 1958.
Cork, J.M., Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York, 1950.
El-Genk. M.S., (editor) A Critical Review of Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion 1984-1993. American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994.
El-Wakil, M.M., Nuclear Power Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1962.
Harper, W.R., Basic Principles of Fission Reactors, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New Your, 1961.
Muhkin, K.N., Experimental Nuclear Physics, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1987. Murray, R.L., Nuclear reactor Physics, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ,
1957. NASA, Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Workshop, NASA Conference Publication
10079, Cleveland, OH, July 10-12, 1990.