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Nuclear Size. Alpha particle (+2e). Gold nucleus (+79e). d. Not exactly for Au!!!. Quite old!!!. Nuclear Size. Closest approach “d”. E  = E Coulomb  d = 2kZe 2 /E  What about the recoil nucleus? HW 7 Show that where m N : mass of the nucleus m  : mass of alpha - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear SizeQuite old!!!Not exactly for Au!!!

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Size Closest approach d. E = ECoulomb d = 2kZe2/E What about the recoil nucleus? HW 7 Show that

    where mN : mass of the nucleus m : mass of alpha

    What are the values of d for 10, 20, 30 and 40 MeV on Au?How does this explain ?

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Shape Crude Nucleons in the nucleus are confined to an approximately spherically symmetric structure Nuclear radius. Deformations! Consequences.!! Is there a sharp spherical wall???!!! HW 8if it is assumed that the charge is uniformly spherically distributed in a nucleus, show that the electric potential energy of a proton is given by:

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding Energy Btot(A,Z) = [ ZmH + Nmn - m(A,Z) ] c2 BmBave(A,Z) = Btot(A,Z) / A HW 9 Krane 3.9Atomic masses from: HW 10 Krane 3.12http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=&all=all&ascii=ascii&isotype=all

    Separation Energy Neutron separation energy: (BE of last neutron)Sn = [ m(A-1,Z) + mn m(A,Z) ] c2 = Btot(A,Z) - Btot(A-1,Z) HW 11 Prove that HW 12 Similarly, find Sp and S.HW 13 Krane 3.13HW 14 Krane 3.14

    Magicnumbers

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding EnergyMagicnumbers

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding EnergyIn generalX Y + aSa(X) = (ma + mY mX) c2= BX BY Ba The energy needed to remove a nucleon from a nucleus ~ 8 MeV average binding energy per nucleon (Exceptions???).

    Mass spectroscopy B.Nuclear reactions S.Nuclear reactions Q-value

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding Energy~200 MeV FissionFusion Coulomb effectSurface effectHWc 4Think of a computer program to reproduce this graph.

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding EnergyHW 15A typical research reactor has power on the order of 10 MW.

    Estimate the number of 235U fission events that occur in the reactor per second.

    b) Estimate the fuel-burning rate in g/s.

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding EnergyIs the nucleon bounded equally to everyother nucleon?C this presumed binding energy.Btot = C(A-1) A Bave = C(A-1) Linear ??!!! Directly proportional ??!!! Clearly wrong ! wrong assumption finite range of strong force, and force saturation.

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding EnergyLead isotopes Z = 82For constant ZSn (even N) > Sn (odd N)For constant NSp (even Z) > Sp (odd Z)

    Remember HW 14 (Krane 3.14).

    208Pb (doubly magic) can then easily remove the extra neutron in 209Pb.

    Neutron Number NNeutron Separation Energy Sn (MeV)208Pb

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Nuclear Binding EnergyExtra Binding between pairs of identical nucleons in the same state (Pauli !) Stability (e.g. -particle, N=2, Z=2).

    Sn (A, Z, even N) Sn (A-1, Z, N-1)This is the neutron pairing energy.

    even-even more stable than even-odd or odd-even and these are more tightly bound than odd-odd nuclei.

    Symmetry?

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Abundance SystematicsCompare: even Z to odd Z. even N to odd N. even A to odd A. even-even to even-odd to odd-even to odd-odd.

    HWc 1\

    Odd NEven NTotalOdd ZEven ZTotal

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Neutron ExcessAsymmetryRemember HWc 1.

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

  • Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).*Neutron ExcessRemember HWc 1.Asymmetry

    Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, Second Semester, 2009-2010 (Saed Dababneh).

    *


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