nuclear protection for personnel

8/7/2019 Nuclear Protection for Personnel

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Protection forNon-E s sentialPersonnel

TNSURANCEFOffi. $URVIVAI

Air Force Flight Test Center6510 Air Base Group

Edwards AFB, California


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PNOTECTION OF NON-MISSION ESSENTIAL PERSONNEL

r. BACKGROUND:l. Edtrards Atr'B ls subject to inpairuent of nission function do to theeffeets of eneu4p action, rnajor accldents, natural disasters, or eivlldlsorders.2. The foJ-lowlng instmctions outline those actions reqld-red to betaken during the occuranee of any or all of the following conditions;

8r Nuclear Warfareb. Chemical Warfarecr Biological Warfared. Natural Disastergr Man-made Disturbances3. Upon reading these instnrctions, the individual should:u Be aware of hazards involved ln NBC Warfare and actionsrequired to ninimlze same,b. Be fqn{}Lar with base and local Civl1 Defense and DlsasterPreparedness Planning.co Knorn what actions and responses are e>qpected of then indisaster situati"ons.


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II. NUCIJSAR AND THER},{O}IUCLEAR BC}A

b" The therrnal effects canareas beyond those affected by blast

A' Effeets of Bonb Burst:1. Blast effects:

&r A fraction of a second after a nuclear e)qplosion, theexpanding gases would cause the deveropnrent of a high'p""""rri" wavewh:ich woul-d move outward. at about the speed of "o"nE--tiil-"i'. ,nf"per second).

b. The effects of the brast result frorn the violent changeabove and below the norrnal afunospherJ-c pressure,or The greatest danger from blast is fa.lting buildings,fJ.y:ng objeets, or shattered glass.

2. The:mal effects;ar fhe::nal radlati-on travers w-ith the speed of light (re6roooniles per se4ond)' - Hencg, 1t reaches all points around the blast areamuch earlier than does the blast -*rave itself.

produce burns and set fires inand shock.3. Nuelear radiation:&r fnitial radiaLion is radiation emitted during the firstmlnute after detonation, rt consists of gamna rays and neutrons.Because the area of severe damage frorn blist and fire effects extendsto a far grea'ter distance from ground zero than the area i_n whichinttiai radiatj-on san eause casualtles, initiar radiation d.oes notpresent an additional surrr"ival problem.b" Besidual radiation is radiation given off by fallout afterthe explosion. while blast, fire, and initiar radiation would causewi-despread desf,ruetion, radioactive fallout could affect a much greatergeographricel area and threaten add:i-tional nrill-ions of people.E. Explanafion and Effeets of Rad:ioactive Fallout:

1..' when a nuerear exprosion occurs crose to the ground, particlesof earth and debris, amounting to thousands of tons oi nateft-.]_, *""taken up into the firebail and rise in the mushroom cIoud. Theparticles gradually fall back on the earth as sources of radioactivitycalled fallour.2. rt takes time for fallout to drop from a nuclear cloudr Largepartlcres fall faster, Iand closer and are more radloaetive. smarlparticles fal_l more slowly and land farther aw&f,r3. Fall-out distribution is deterndned by h:igh altitude r*inds andheight of the cloud.

4,


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b, Synpioms appear only after a sufficient number of bodycells have been danaged or destroyed;cc Observable early (witfrin first three days) s;nrnptoms arenausea, voniting, diarrhea, fever, and tlstlssrressr These sym.ptoms

no.ay disappear after a few daye. After a week or more other symptonsrnay nanifest thenselves such as fatigue, sore throat, diarrhea,paIlor, Ioss of weight, fever, loss of hair, and possible death.d. There is no treafunent for radiation sickness ltseIf,hor^rever, the affected person should be nade to rest, given aspirinfor a headache, motion siekness tablets for nausea, J.iquids fordiarrhea, etc.

IfI. PNOTECTION A.GAINST FAL]SUf:A. Pri-nciples of Protection:

1. Tine - radiation decays w:ith tine. For every sevenfold increasein tiae after detonation, the radiation dose rate decreases tenfold.Q z tO RuIe of 'ftunb)First f hours: 96 radiat5-on decay

Two days (49 trours); )fi radiation decay1\Eo weeks (343 irours): 99"# radiation decay2. ryglgncg - radj-ation intensity decreasesthe source. The upper floors of a large buildingbeiter proteetion than the lovrer floors. Centerbetter protection than near wa]'ls.3" Elisldilg - materials absorb ra&lation.

r+ith *istance fromgenerally offerof rooms provldesA fallout ghelter isa shield against radi-ation. The denser the material the more protectlonit affords. 0n.e hundred pounds of paper w.ill be Just as effeetive as100 pounds of lead, concret, earth, or any other material-.

E. Protective Shelter:l-. Fallout shelters take advantage of the effects of both shield:ingand di-stance in providing protection from external garma radiation.fnhabitants are protected by walls, floors, ceilings, and bricks.,{,t the sane time, by sheltering thenselves in the central or corearea of the building, they have placed as much dlstance between them-

selves and fallout as possible.2. Shelter protection factor is a measure of the effecti-venesg ofprotection by str:ielding and distance. A protection factor of 100 meansthat radiation inside a shelter :-s f/fOO that outsiderC. Decoatanination:

1, Personnel - rsllov the contantnated suter clotling as qrricklyas possible and wash, bmsh, wiper or othenrise renove the falloutparticles fron the body, Do anybhing which w:il1 help reduce the tineh


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during wkich fallout is near to the bo{y. Farpose as }ittIe skin aspossible..__.ro__ Fo,S_gnd.Wat,er - iwnediatgfy- follorlng a heavy fallout, onlythat food whlch has been protected should be consumed. Food eont+inedin cans, bottres, and tight cartons can be used simpry btr washingthe coata:ninating dust off the containers. cenerarty, firrout w-lrlnot contarn{ nate the water supply if it is in a rrerl eoverea storagetank.

-3o _Area - use water from a fire hose, turn over the earth urithe. shovel, or serape the looee soil aray fron eherter areae onstrenches and sumps to drain off the contaninated nater.D., KiIl the Rumors:

1. Nuclear weapons w:ill not destroy the earth.2" Doubling bonb power does not double destruetion.3. E:cposure to nuclear radiation is not neeessarily fataL.l+, Erryosure to noderate radioactivity does not peruanently harmreproduetive capabl hty.


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IV. BIOI,OGICAL WANFANE HAZARD$:A. A biologieal attack (B'l) is the dellberate use of genas or theirpoisonous proftrcts to produce di.sease, lnJur1r, or death in nan, anfunals,or plants.B. Gharacteristics of BW Agents:

l. 0n1y a far type of gerns produce dlgease.2. Slnce gerns are a]lve, they nultip1y, breathe, eat, grow, and die.3, They depend on noiature, food, erd cei"taLn linlfs of temperahscfor life and gronth.4. Most germs are killed by boiJing water, adding water pudft-cation tablets to water, cooklng food, exposlng to aJnUght, and usingsoap and water.

C. Dangers of Et:1. BW agents are hard to detect. Gerns cannot be seen, felt, ortaeted..2. Btf agents can be spread by sprayaairplanes; by introduc5-ng agents into theihrough sabotage.3. Biological attack c1uess

or rista (aerosols) trcnfood, water, or atr supply

4t P1ane sprayi.ng or dropping obJects.b. Siek looking plants.cr Dead anirnals; no visible c8u8rd. Low b1agt, odd shells or bonbs.

D. Protecti-on from B{ Agents;1. Report sickness pronptly to nedical persormel.2. Keep bo{y ard living arees cleanr Germs heve trouble livingin clean placesn3. Take preventi-ve medlcine (pills, shots, vaccinations, etc)b. Keep noseo mouth, and skin covered, Ptrt on protective nask;button cl-othing; wear gloves if avatlable.5, Keep food and water protected. Bottled or canned foods aresafe if seals are not broken. If ln doubt, boil food for at least10 ninutes.


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6, Keep alert to any signs of Bll attack.7, I'iatch out for &f boobytFaps r i.e. temptlng foods, etc.E. KiLL the Rumors.1. Germ Warfare w1IL not destrry entire amieg or Air ForceConnnands. Gem warfare is a special lteapon for use agalnst specialtargets.2. Talk of poisons that can klIL nllllona ls ronearrser Thereare definite, practical 'ltnits to distr{-buting then.3. No rrngrstery gennsrr can cause terrible epidentcs. Even ifepidenice are started, they can be stopped quiekly.


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V. CHEMICAL WARF.{RE:Ar Chemisal agents are toxic (poisonous) chenieals which ean prcducecasualties or irritating effects on personnel and render naterials orareas unusable. fhese agenta nay be solids, liquids, o? gassrB. Chenical agents effects and self-aid:

1. Nerve agents;dr Syrnpton - plnpoint stze of eye Frpils; dimed vision;nmnlng nose; tightness of the chest; conlnrJ.sione; dry throat,headache; death.b. Self Aid - mask, if available, or cover nouth and noeenlth a handkerchief to 15 layers. lnJect atroplne. If liquid, blotoff skln, and remove contaminated clothes.

2. Blood agents:&r Symptons - dizziness, headache, convulsions, uncongcj-ougnossob. Self-aj-d - nask, inhale amyl nltrite; keep ratm and qui.et;drink wantr U.quids"

3. Choking agentsl3r $paptone - coughing, choking, headacher d4f throat,tlghtness across the chest, change i.n taste.b. $elf-aid - magk. If breathing beconee difficult, keepquiet and warm.

lr. foniting agentslBr $ymptouro - irritation of eyes, nose, and throatl sneezJ-ng,eoughing, nausea, and vonritlng.b. Self-aid - mask. Additional treatnent not necessary. Donot remove nask, except when vonitingr

5. Blister agentsl&r Slmptons - irritat'ion of eyea, itchi-ng, redness andbllster{-ng of skin, eougtrlng, hoarsenessr and vomitlng.b. Self-aid - Eyesr wash out vrlth water. Skin; pinch-blot;nrb on protecti.ve ointment; scrrrb skin with soap and waterr All ofthese within 3 rninutes. Remove contarninated elothing. Mask at once,or as soon as self-aid is given to eyes.

6. Incapacitating agents:trr $ynptons - temporary paralysis, blindneaa, or deafness;temporary mental aberraLiong.I


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b. Se1f-aid - nasko Sheke or bnrsh elothing; rnove agentrlth aoap and water; flush eyes rlth clear rater on\r.7. Tear agenisl

Err SSrnptona - lrr{-tation and ratering of eyes foreing closureof }[ds. Irrttetion of exposed skin areasrb. Self-ald - rnask. Do not nrb eyes. Fece uprrlnd. If eyesand skin b,ur:n, wesh eyes rith water, and skin l*ith soap and vater.

C. Detectlon of Chenical Agents;1. Unocplai.ned dead plants or anltaals.2. Lor flying aircraft trsiling vapors, dull sounding e:cploslong.3. Odd snell ln the air ag al-nondsr hayr garlle, persi-mons.4. UnuguaL body sensatLonE as did.ng vision, tLghtneaa in ehest,a pnickly sensation on the Eldn.D. Deeontenrinatlon of Chentcal Agent,s:1. Deconta,nlnation can be done by reanoving, neutrslizlngr ordestroylng the agent. ?his can be done by either pinch-blottirlg,applylng protectl-ye oinfunent, or bunring or buryiag the cont"anLnatedelothlng.2. Soap ls excellent for removal of chenical agents, Cold nater,while not as good aa ram water, does dtlute or weaken cheml-eaI agentao3n The purpose of personal deconta,nination is to renove poisonousagents from your body before serious inJuqf oetrrsr F.:cposed reglonsand hairy reglons should be given extre ettention.

E" Protective Actions:1. The protective nask should be put on whenever the attackrarning ls sounded.2. In the absence of an alarm, you 1111 nask rhen you suspectthe presenee of a to:d.c ehe'''{ caI agent as a result of the symptonsor detection clues as listed aboye.


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W. BASE DISASEEN PRSPANEDNBSS PLANNING:A, What You Can Do Hots:

1. Learn the base nartr-ing signals.2, Learn your desi.gnated shelter erea and hov to get there.3o Frepare your fanily for an emergency situation, Make a LLstof items that you sould need during a stay of several days in the nineshelter; place as nany of these itemg as possible 1n a saall kitrKnor how to practice emergency sanitation meaaures if lcesar]r

B. Alert Warning Sysliem:'I. Air horns are placed at I0 loeatlons throughout the base toprovide Edtvards AFB t{ith a warning system suffieient'Iy lord to beheard by aIL personnel.2. The r*arning signals are as follolts;

dt Alel.t F-igpal: Th:is ls a 2-!g-5, ninute steady tone.It is used to alert personnel of i.minent peaeetime emergenciesl andat the &iscretion of the Base Corstrander. ft means - llsten for emer-geney infomation brsadcast by radio, t'\I, PA systerns and securitypolice patrols.(1) ?he local radLo frequencies for receiving instnrctionsare3

(a)(b)(e)(a)

(z) Thisbasi.s at L2 noon for

610KC-KAYL-Lancaster133OKC - KBI/U - Lancaster!31+OKC -KDOI -MoJave1470KC-KUff-Palnda1esignal r*ill be tested on a daily (auty aay)a 3O second period.

b, A!&gck_ga$1_rtg; This is a 2-!gJ ninute wavering tone.It ind:icates the necessity to take lnunediate ahelter or other pru-tective aetionn This slgnal will not be used for any other purposercr All__.lllearc The all clear ui,IL be arurounced by sound tnrck,telephone, nrnner, or other voice comunications available. Personnelw:111 renain in shelters until adui.sed by their shelter nanager orcompetent authority that it i-s safe to leave.

C. Famtly Preparations;'1o Water: Drinking water ls available tn the mJ.ne in suffiei-entquantlty for everyonen

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2. FogU The nine j,s stoeked lrith ltlPF, a pandercd food, rtdchwben nlxed rlth rater forras a llqutd that HIIL provldE an 6a6rgencydlct. It 1g recomended that each fanily prepare a ngoodle bagErrith food itens to guit tle tndlyi&la1 taste ard to supplenent theMPF ratlons.3. 919!Ei4gl The nine tanrJ.erature is fO degreee all |earr

Slacks, sreater, and 1or hoeled shooa are recomended for sonno&rlra clotblng ghould be brought to ttre dne.l+. l{iscellaneous Itnsl Itens of paraonaL hyglenc ghould, beincluded in your emergdrcy kit; tteas such aa Eoap, toLJ.et psprrspedal uedicines ard a firgt aid klt; toys or ganes for recreation;sleepd-ng bags a,nd,/or alr nsttresaes for extra confort.5. Trangportatisn: Individual arrangenentE mret be nade fortransportation to the shelter.6. Preparatlsns shou}d be nade to atay ln the d.ne aheltcr firlltime for at least s6vn deF.

D. 'Shelter Area:1. The pfi.nary ehelter aree for non-aLssLon cgsntial persorunel{dependents, dvilian eryloJresr and contractors) rcelding or worklngat Edrards SFB ls the Borax l{ine locatad ap,ptrordnately 20 d.lesIlortheast of the bs,gc. A nap shoring dLrsctlons to thc dle lgattached.2. The d-ne has been pre-stocked and prepared to house som I7r0O0people for a period of sevm dayr. The nl.ne has been lnstalled rrlthllghts, food, rrater, sanLtatloa faailltlas, decontan{natlon shorert,hospital area, and cormand post.3. Secnr{ty Pollee rtll dlrect traffic to the nLne frou the baserUpon errlval ln the viclnlty of the nlne, offlclals of the Eorax Corp.ulII dlrect parking ard provlde dlrection for entrancc lnto the ntlnerlfhen insLde, Borax Corp perssrurell r1]1 dtrect evaeueec to predeslgnatedsreaso It ls nandatory that all directlons be followed acotrrate}yand pronptly to expedite the flor of persornel lnts the d.nc.h, The sheltcr steff 1111 eonslgt of sheLter hanagrs, radlologlcalnord.toring taans, nedlcal teana, aecurity tearns, and personneL contrnolte&g.5, AIL personnel rdll remsin l-n shelter untlL releaged by theshelter nanager or his ropresentatlveEr

TII. ACfIONS AI{D BESPO$S$I 8I $O$-ES$ENTIAL PEBSONNEX, DIIRINC EMEACS{CIES:A. Alert Stgnal;

l. Follm rhatever instro.ctdons ntght be glven out on soundtmcka, Sezur"lty Pollce patnola, etc.It


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2" If base evacuati.on ie d:irectedlBr AII hospital patients rrill be evacuated by hosplial per-gonnel.

Nursery children wi]J- be picked up by their parents.Klndergarten childron wlIL be transported hone by sehoolbOS3Sr

d. FLrst through l2th grade chlldren will be disnissd fronschool to walk hom,e.r Personnel on Contractort a Ror and fllght line wiIL followthe lell-or Boute to the rn{ ne. A].l others }riII fo}lor+ the Red Route.B. Attaek tlarningr

1. rf a person obsemes e blinding flash of right, i-ndicatinga mrclear explosion, vhat he does ln the next fw seconds could ditenntnehis chance for surrival.Etrr Proteetion fmn blast:(1) In a vehiele: park the vetrlcle (turrr off ignltion,set parking brake) and open et least one rrindow, $tay in thE vehieleand hold until the blast waveg have passed. Higb w:inds nay rorl thevehicle over, but if seat belts ere fastened, no inJury nay reaurt.(2) In the opn! Drop to the ground H:ith head away frmthe explosion; get behiad any subgtantiar sherter (ir possibre) toprotect against flying debris; remain in this positlon until blast wave6

Fy9 pu"edr then find sone type of shelter for protection againstfal-Iout. 0) Indoors: Drop to the floor away from wi.nd^ows and getunder some furrdture or nattresg. Curling up rnith arus protect5-nghead u{11 afford additiona} protectton.bn Protection from heat (themal radLatioa);(1) Very little protection j.s need,ed against themalradiatisn, hotrever the area of danger 1111 be umrch larger than that ofthe blast.

(2) Any buildlng or ear gives eomplete protection againstheat, if belor the leveI of rindorsr{ll If the flreball is seen, there is a danger of burns.get down and cover up instantLy.

2: If there is some ti:ne beforo attack, evacuation rnay be ordered.rf evaeuation is not poesible, there are several things whieh can bedone to reduce the chance of personal inJuzy.L2

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&s Outdoore: Find a batlding providi-ng the best sherter andfollow above instrrrctions.b. rndoors: I\rrn off gas ard erectrieity; corurect a gardenhose to fight sn+'ll fires; select a stnall lnside room, such as a centerhallvayr for protection against glass and flying debri-s; trrove a battery

radio and energency suppries into the sheltcr &re8i stay on the {Looruntil the danger of blast and heat has passed.c.-_Tg+gphole cimry+lcatlons: use the terephone only for emergency9"11" for fire, police, uedical aid, ete. Unnecessary calls naydelay measures taken for the safety of others.D. If caught off-base during an alert or attack:

1. Conp1y with Ioca1 Civil Defenge procedures. Ttre narning signalsare the sa&e as those at the base. Do not attenpt to retnrn to thebage.2. If under ettack, take inmediate shelt,er.

*{'For further information, contaot the Base Dlsaster preparednessoffice at, T&33/73506, Ttre office is located in Building I2OO(Base Operations)o

L3


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HOUSING AREAS

FITZGERALD

LANCASTER LVD

BAILEY AVEMOJAVE BLVD

FORBES AVE

H IGHWAY 58

roroloDt6

EMERGENCY ROUTE ACROSSLAKEBED. FLIGHT LINEPERSONNEL ONLY.

FV GEPHART RD-----------TAILINGS POND

LEGEND :I DI R ECTIONAL- BORAX MINE

ROCKET SITE RD

SIGNS TOS HELTE RS VEHICLEPA RK INGAREA

,V'OPEN PITMINE

nuclear protection for personnel

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