nuclear power genration
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NUCLEAR POWER
GENRATION
What is Energy? Energy (E) is the capability
to perform work
Units of Energy: Joules (J) (in SI systems)
Sources of Energy
Renewable Nonrenewable
What is Nuclear Energy?Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. Nuclear energy is unusual in that it can give off energy in the form of light or heat, but it is the change in the atom's makeup that produces the energy. Submarines, power plants, and smoke detectors all use nuclear energy. Nuclear power plants use uranium, a radioactive element, to create electricity.
NUCLEAR FUEL
• Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy. The most common type of nuclear fuel is fissile elements that can be made to undergo nuclear fission chain reactions in a nuclear reactor
• The most common nuclear fuels are 235U and 239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission chain reactions
NUCLEAR FISSION
• When a neutron strikes anatom of uranium, the uranium splits into two lighter atoms and
releases heat simultaneously. • Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic reaction which can release large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of the fragments
NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS
• A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission in at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process is controlled it is used for nuclear power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear weapons
LAYOUT OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Operation
Fission Control The key to controlling the
chain reaction is to control the amount of neutrons used in fission.
This is done by inserting/removing control rods.
The control rods are long and inserted inside the reactor between the fuel tubes
Control rods are made of materials that absorb neutrons (boron or cadmium), limiting the amount of neutrons used in the fission process.
Water flow
Fuel: Uranium 235
Control Rods
Difference between Nuclear and Thermal Power Generation
The difference is that the thermal uses a boiler to burn the fossil fuel and generate steam with the heat, but the nuclear uses a nuclear reactor to make the uranium fission energy to generate steam with the heat.
Difference between Nuclear and Hydraulic Power Generation
Hydraulic power is power that is derived
from the force or energy of moving
water through turbines, but the
nuclear uses the uranium fission energy
to generate steam which flows through
turbine
Advantages of Nuclear Power Plants
1. High energy density compared to other conventional power plants.
2. Low amount of fuel for producing bulk power .3. Can be located close load centers.4. Availability of nuclear fuel all over the world. ( can ensure continued supply for thousands of
years) 5. High reliability. 6. Nuclear power plants produce no air pollutants
or greenhouse gases
Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plants
1. Expensive fuel.2. High capital cost compared to other
plants3. Can represent a dangerous radioactive
pollution.4. Are not well suited for varying loads. 5. Waste Disposal
By:
•Mayank Baheti• Tanay Agrawal • Sudeepta Borah