ntrs.nasa.gov › archive › nasa › casi.ntrs.nasa... · microsoft powerpoint - ppt0000000.ppt...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA) is an integrated decision support tool for aurlines and air traffic control tower enabling surface collaborative decision making (CDM) and departure metering in order to enhance efficiency of surface operations at congested airports. The presentation describes the concept and architecture of the SARDA as a CDM tool, and the results from a human-in-the-loop simulation of the tool conducted in 2012 at the FutureFlight Central, the tower simulation facility. Also, presented is the current activities and future plan for SARDA development. The presentation was given at the meeting with the FAA senior advisor of the Surface Operations Office.
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20140013221 2020-06-02T15:02:08+00:00Z
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SARDA:�An�Integrated�Concept�for�Airport�Surface�Operations�Management
SARDA�TeamNASA�Ames�Research�Center
March�7,�2013
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Spot�And�Runway�Departure�Advisor�(SARDA)
• Integrated tool�for�airlines�and�Air�Traffic�Control�Tower�enabling�CDM�and�departure�metering
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SARDA�Core
SARDA�Scheduler
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SARDA�Core
SARDA�Scheduler
SARDA�FAA�Gateway
ASDE�X
Restrictions�(TMI)
TMA
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SARDA�Core
SARDA�Scheduler
SARDA�FAA�Gateway
p )
ATC�Displays�(ground,�local,�supervisor)
ASDE�X
Restrictions�(TMI)
TMA
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SARDA�Core
SARDA�Scheduler
SARDA�FAA�Gateway
SARDA�Airline�Gateway
p )
ATC�Displays�(ground,�local,�supervisor)
ASDE�X
Restrictions�(TMI)
TMA
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SARDA�Core
SARDA�Scheduler
SARDA�FAA�Gateway
SARDA�Airline�Gateway
TMAT(PB�times)
p )
ATC�Displays�(ground,�local,�supervisor)
Airline�Pref
ASDE�X
Restrictions�(TMI)
TMA
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SARDA�Core
SARDA�Scheduler
SARDA�FAA�Gateway
SARDA�Airline�Gateway
p )
ATC�Displays�(ground,�local,�supervisor)Airline�2�
Display
Airline�1�Display
TMAT(PB�times)
Airline�Pref
ASDE�X
Restrictions�(TMI)
TMA
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DRCAirline�Gateway
Airline�2�Display
Airline�1�Display
TMAT(PB�times)
Airline�Pref
Nominal�JFK�System
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Spot�And�Runway�Departure�Advisor�(SARDA)
• Integrated tool�for�airlines�and�Air�Traffic�Control�Tower�enabling�CDM�and�departure�metering
• Based�on�managing�scarce�resource:�Runway• Strategic�or�tactical�departure�metering
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Spot�And�Runway�Departure�Advisor�(SARDA)
• Integrated tool�for�airlines�and�Air�Traffic�Control�Tower�enabling�CDM�and�departure�metering
• Based�on�managing�scarce�resource:�Runway• Strategic�or�tactical�departure�metering
– Strategic:�gate/ramp�hold�fixed�30�or�60�mins�before�scheduled�push�back
– Tactical:�gate/ramp�hold�assigned�after�pilot�communicates�push�back�readiness
– Both�have�tactical�ATCT�advisories
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Spot�And�Runway�Departure�Advisor�(SARDA)
• Integrated tool�for�airlines�and�Air�Traffic�Control�Tower�enabling�CDM�and�departure�metering
• Based�on�managing�scarce�resource:�Runway• Strategic�or�tactical�departure�metering• 4�D�trajectory�enabler
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SARDA�Strategic�Gate�Hold
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Planning�Definition
• Planning�horizon�(PH):�how�soon�is�planning�done.�E.g.�30�minutes
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103
Scheduled�push�back�
ABC101:�1502ABC102:�1504ABC103:�1507
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103PH
30�min
Scheduled�push�back�
ABC101:�1502ABC102:�1504ABC103:�1507
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103PH
30�min
Scheduled�push�back�
ABC101:�1502ABC102:�1504ABC103:�1507
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Strategic�SARDA�Scheduler
• Flight�restrictions�(TMI)• Flight�details• Airport�config
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103PH
30�min
Airline
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Strategic�SARDA�Scheduler
Stage�1Updated�push�back�
ABC101:�1504�(1502)ABC102:�1510�(1504)ABC103:�1508�(1507)
Preferences• Later�push�back• Swaps
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103PH
30�min
Airline
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Strategic�SARDA�Scheduler
Stage�1Updated�push�back�
ABC101:�1504�(1502)ABC102:�1510�(1504)ABC103:�1508�(1507)
Preferences• Later�push�back• Swaps
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103PH
30�min
Airline
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Strategic�SARDA�Scheduler
Stage�2Updated�push�back�
ABC101:�1504�(no�change)ABC102:�1510�(no�change)ABC103:�1508�(no�change)
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103PH
30�min
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Stage�2Updated�push�back�
ABC101:�1504�(no�change)ABC102:�1510�(no�change)ABC103:�1508�(no�change)
Tactical�Advisory�Component�(TAC)
Tactical�SARDA�Scheduler
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103PH
30�min
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Tactical�Advisory�Component�(TAC)
Tactical�SARDA�Scheduler
Agreed�push�back�times
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Tactical�Advisory�Component�(TAC)
Tactical�SARDA�Scheduler
Agreed�push�back�times
Actual�push�back�ABC101:�1507�(1504)�lateABC102:�1500�(1510)�earlyABC103:�1508�(1508)�on�time
10�sec�update�of�allaircraft�positions
PH30�min
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Tactical�Advisory�Component�(TAC)
Tactical�SARDA�Scheduler
Agreed�push�back�times10�sec�update�of�all
aircraft�positions
ATCTAdvisories
Actual�push�back�ABC101:�1507�(1504)�lateABC102:�1500�(1510)�earlyABC103:�1508�(1508)�on�time
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC102
ABC103
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Tactical�Advisory�Component�(TAC)
Tactical�SARDA�Scheduler
Agreed�push�back�times10�sec�update�of�all
aircraft�positions
ATCTAdvisories
Actual�push�back�ABC101:�1507�(1504)�lateABC102:�1500�(1510)�earlyABC103:�1508�(1508)�on�time
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC103
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Hold
Tactical�Advisory�Component�(TAC)
Tactical�SARDA�Scheduler
Agreed�push�back�times10�sec�update�of�all
aircraft�positions
ATCTAdvisories
Actual�push�back�ABC101:�1507�(1504)�lateABC102:�1500�(1510)�earlyABC103:�1508�(1508)�on�time
ABC102
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Current�time
Strategic�SARDA�Walkthrough
1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630
ABC101
ABC103
Strategic�Planning�Component�(SPC)
Hold
Tactical�Advisory�Component�(TAC)
Tactical�SARDA�Scheduler
Agreed�push�back�times10�sec�update�of�all
aircraft�positions
ATCTAdvisories
Actual�push�back�ABC101:�1507�(1504)�lateABC102:�1500�(1510)�earlyABC103:�1508�(1508)�on�time
ABC102
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Strategic�SARDA�Compliance
• After�gate�push�back�agreement,�three�potential�outcomes:– On�time�push�back– Early�push�back:�ground�controller�holds�till�allotted�time
– Late�push�back• Compliance�encouraged�by�public�performance�metrics�based�on�agreed�push�back�times
• If�late,�spot�release�by�ground�controller�as�early�as�possible,�without�affecting�complying�aircraft
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Tactical�SARDA�Walkthrough
• Intended�for�airports�with�single�majority�carrier�(CLT)• Can�work�with�airline�or�ramp�control• SARDA�has�flight�plan• Push�back�time�continuously�updated�based�on�current��airport�situation�and�airline�input
• CLT�version:�When�pilot�calls�“ready�for�push�back”– Ramp�Controller�inputs�in�SARDA�display,�SARDA�gives�hold�or�
release.�If�hold,�gives�hold�time– Advisories�for�ATCT
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SARDA�Components�and�Uses
• Airline�(and/or�ramp)�collaboration– Move�delays�from�runway�queue�to�gate– Fuel�and�emission�reductions– Potentially�better�connections
• Ground�controller�advisory– Compliance�to�SARDA�for�early�push�back
• Local�controller�advisory– Improve�predictability�for�downstream�(TRACON)�integration�of�
departure�aircraft– Improve�predictability�of�arrival�aircraft�movement�on�taxiways
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Tactical�SARDA�HITL�tests
• Conducted�in�May�June�2012• SARDA�implemented�in�SDSS• East�side�DFW�(17R�departures�and�17C�arrivals)• 2�controllers�(Ground�and�Local)• Pseudo�pilots• Tactical�gate�hold�through�CDM�(Idealized�to�reduce�delays)• No�perimeter�taxiway• Ground�Controller�and�Local�Controller�advisory�– through�
EFS
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Tactical�SARDA�HITL
• Run�traffic�with�SARDA�advisories,�and�without�SARDA�(aka�“Baseline”)�
• 2�traffic�levels�� medium�(1.2x)�and�heavy�(1.5x)• 3�weeks,�2�controllers�per�week,�48�runs• Departure�peaks�in�some�scenarios• Separation�requirements�for�RNAV• Traffic�Management�Initiatives�(TMI)�in�all�runs
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Simulation�Caveats
• “Advisories”�had�to�be�followed• Ramp�area�
– Gate�management�not�implemented�– De�conflicted�ramp�movement�under�development
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36
SARDA�Controller�Display
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Results
• Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?• Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
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Gate�Holding
• Aircraft�“waiting”�in�the�system:�At�every�1�minute,�number�of�departure�aircraft�that�– Have�pushed�back�and�– Have�not�taken�off�within�unimpeded�taxi�time
• Expectation:�lower�for�advisory
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Gate�Holding
Advisory�mean
Baseline�mean
At�every�1�minute,�number�of�departure�aircraft�that�have�pushed�back�but�not�have�not�taken�off
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Gate�Holding
MinMax
At�every�1�minute,�number�of�departure�aircraft�that�have�pushed�back�but�not�have�not�taken�off
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Gate�Holding
At�every�1�minute,�number�of�departure�aircraft�that�have�pushed�back�but�not�have�not�taken�off
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Gate�Holding
At�every�1�minute,�number�of�departure�aircraft�that�have�pushed�back�but�not�have�not�taken�off
No�more�than�6�aircraft�“waiting”�on�the�surface�with�advisory
![Page 44: ntrs.nasa.gov › archive › nasa › casi.ntrs.nasa... · Microsoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Compatibility Mode] Author: biwana Created Date: 4/8/2014 12:03:36 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed669fd8a474c70e75d406c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Results
�Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?• Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
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Runway�Usage�Comparison
• Cumulative�runway�usage– Number�of�departure�take�offs�and�arrival�crossings�till�a�particular�
time– Calculated�every�5�minutes
• Expectation:�No�reduction�in�runway�usage�with�advisory
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Runway�Usage�Comparison
Number�of�departure�take�offs�and�arrival�crossings�till�a�particular�time
Advisory�mean Baseline�mean
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Runway�Usage�Comparison
Number�of�departure�take�offs�and�arrival�crossings�till�a�particular�time
Min
Max
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Runway�Usage�Comparison
Number�of�departure�take�offs�and�arrival�crossings�till�a�particular�time
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Runway�Usage�Comparison
Number�of�departure�take�offs�and�arrival�crossings�till�a�particular�time
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Runway�Usage�Comparison
Number�of�departure�take�offs�and�arrival�crossings�till�a�particular�time
No�reduction�in�runway�usage�with�SARDA�advisory
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Results
�Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?�Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
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Results
�Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?�Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
– Delay– Fuel
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Delay
• Delay�definition– (Observed�time�– unimpeded�time)– Unimpeded�taxi�time:�time�to�travel�on�that�route�(gate�spot�queue�
combination)�at�17�knots�without�stops– Unimpeded�definition�different�from�ASPM
• Taxiing�delay:�Delay�in�ramp,�taxiways,�queues�and�runway
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Taxiing�Delay�for�Departures�(ramp,�taxiway,�queue)
Mean�over�all�aircraft�for�that�scenario3�min reduction�in�medium�(45%)5.5�min reduction�in�heavy�(60%)
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Taxiing�Delay�for�Departures�(ramp,�taxiway,�queue)
10th percentile
90th percentile
Mean�and�percentile�over�all�aircraft�for�that�scenario
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Taxi�Delay�� Distribution
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Taxi�Delay�� Distribution
Large�variation�in�delay�in�baseline
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Extra�fuel:�fuel�used�beyond�unimpeded�travel
Fuel�Consumption
22% reduction�in�medium34% reduction�in�heavy
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Fuel�Consumption
• 34%�fuel�savings�=�70kg�fuel�per�aircraft
• Daily�operations:��������6�peak�periods�of�50�aircraft�each
• At�$3/gallon,�annual�savings:�6�million�USD
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Results
�Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?�Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
– Delay– Fuel– TMI�(Traffic�Management�Initiatives)
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TMI• Details
– Each�TMI�aircraft�has�a�scheduled�take�off�time�(displayed�in�Electronic�Flight�Strips)
– Aircraft�should�take�off�within�1�minute�before�or�1�minute�after�this�time
– If�cannot�be�done,�release�as�close�to�time�as�possible�(no�new�TMI�time�issued)
• Compliance?Scenario Baseline Advisory
m1 93% 100%
m2 100% 100%
h3 86% 100%
h4 93% 100%
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TMI
Less�variation�in�TMI�aircrafts’�delays�in�
advisory
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Results
�Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?�Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
– Delay– Fuel– TMI�(Traffic�Management�Initiatives)
• Effect�on�arrivals
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Arrival�delay:�delay�in�crossing�and�taxiing
Arrival�Delay
No�effect�on�arrival�aircraft
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Results
�Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?�Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
– Delay– Fuel– TMI�(Traffic�Management�Initiatives)
• Effect�on�arrivals• Reduction�in�overall�delay
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Departure�Delay
Statistically�significant�effect�of�advisory�on�departure�delay
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Results
�Did�we�succeed�in�gate�holding?�Was�there�any�loss�in�runway�usage�due�to�holding?• What�are�the�benefits?
– Delay– Fuel– TMI�(Traffic�Management�Initiatives)
• Effect�on�arrivals• Reduction�in�overall�delay• Increased�predictability
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Beyond�2012�HITL
• Idealized�push�back�holds�– what�happens�under�push�back�uncertainty– Real�time�automated�simulations– Even�with�increasing�uncertainty�in�gate�push�back�(± 3�mins),�there�
is�little�increase�in�taxiing�delay– For�the�2�scenarios�tested,�loss�in�runway�usage�with�± 3�mins�push�
back�uncertainty�not�substantial
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Spot�And�Runway�Departure�Advisor�(SARDA)
• Integrated tool�for�airlines�and�Air�Traffic�Control�Tower�enabling�CDM�and�departure�metering
• Based�on�managing�scarce�resource:�Runway• Strategic�or�tactical�departure�metering• 4�D�trajectory�enabler
– Currently�3�advisories:�gate/ramp,�spot�and�runway– SARDA�can�provide�times�for�more�“nodes”�– full�datalink�based�
movements
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Current�Activities• NRA�teams�are�wrapping�up�studies�of�implementing�SARDA�
concepts�at�airports:�PHL,�LAX,�CLT,�JFK,�and�BOS• Preparation�for�the�next�HITL�in�2014
– Developing�a�second�airport�model�(adaptation),�Charlotte– Expanding�SARDA�scheduler�to�provide�full�airport�scheduling– Developing�ramp�controller�interface�(GUIs)– Enhancing�simulation�facility�to�host�multiple�&�concurrent�participants�
(ramp�and�tower�controllers)
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Upcoming�Activities
• 2014�Charlotte�ramp�control�HITL– Simulation�characteristics
• Two�hour�long�scenario,�to�capture�arrival�departure�push• Includes�turnaround�traffic
– Ramp�side• Staffing:�4�ramp�controllers�+�1�supervisor• Participants:�airline�operator�personnel• Using�Electronic�Flight�Strips�(EFS)�and�other�GUI�to�interact�with�SARDA�and�manage�traffic
– Tower�side• Staffing:�1�ground�+�1�local�controller• Participants:�1�ground�controller�+�1�local�controller�(pool�of�participant�is�TBD)�• Using�Electronic�Flight�Strips�(EFS)�and�other�GUI�to�interact�with�SARDA�and�control�traffic
• Future�Work– Strategic�SARDA�with�airline�interface– Accepts�changes�to�miles�in�trail�restrictions�in�real�time.