nsw rfs fire trail standards · the nsw rfs commissioner and the bfcc acknowledge that a...
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NSW RFS FIRE TRAIL STANDARDS
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STATEMENT
NSW RFS FIRE TRAIL STANDARD 2016 V1.0, PRINTED 2016, 2018 NSW RFS FIRE TRAIL STANDARD 2016, V1.1, PRINTED JUNE 2019. INCLUDES CORRECTION TO LAT/LONG FORMAT FROM ‘DDM’ TO ‘DD’ FORMAT.
Contents1 Introduction 31.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.6 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.8 Whatisafiretrailforthepurposeof these Standards? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.9 Performance-basedapproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.10 Environmentalapprovals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Fire Trail Standards 82.1 Classificationoffiretrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Design requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.1 Category1FireTrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.2 Category7FireTrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.3 Category9FireTrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3 Construction and maintenance requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4 Access requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5 Signage requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5.1 Standardfiretrailsigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5.2 Indicativefiretrailsigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.3 Installationoffiretrailsignson non-registeredfiretrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.4Nothroughtrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.5 Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.6 Standardsymbologyandother advisory signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.7 Firetrailname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.8 Other signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 Assessment and compliance 163.1 Performancesolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Annualassessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4 Planning 174.1 FireAccessandFireTrailplan requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2 Firetrailtreatmentregister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 Document review 18
APPENDICES
Appendix AFirefightingvehiclespecifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Appendix BTypicalfiretrailsignage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
TABLESTable 1:Category1FireTrailrequirements . . . . . . . . 8
Table 2:Category7FireTrailrequirements . . . . . 12
Table 3:Category9FireTrailrequirements . . . . . 14
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1. Introduction
1.1 BackgroundBushfireshavebeenanaturalpartofthelandscapeformanythousandsofyears.Ascommunitieshavedevelopedandpropertiesandtownshavebeenestablished,theriskofbushfiresimpactingoncommunitieshasincreased.ThroughoutNSWthereareapproximately1.3millionpropertiesonbushfireproneland.
Firefightersrelyonpublicroads,trailsandothertracksonpublicandprivatelandtoaccessthelandscapetopreventandcontainbushfires.Firetrailsexistforthepurposeofprovidingaccesstorespondtobushfires,anditiscriticaltoidentifyandmaintainaneffectivenetworkofaccessibletrails.
Historically,decisionsregardingtheestablishmentandmaintenanceoffiretrailshaverestedwithlandmanagersguidedbyacooperativeframeworkestablishedbytheNSWBushFireCoordinatingCommittee(BFCC).Aneedforadifferentapproachwasidentifiedtoachieveamore consistent and strategic outcome across bothpublicandprivatelands.
TheNSWGovernmentisestablishingamoreintegratedandstrategicnetworkoffiretrailsandaccessarrangementstoimproveaccessibilityforfirefightersduringbushfiresandhazardreductionburns.
Amendments to the Rural Fires Act 1997,throughthe Rural Fires Amendment (Fire Trails) Act 2016, providealegislativebasisfortheestablishmentandmaintenanceoftheenhancednetworkoffiretrails.
The Rural Fires Amendment (Fire Trails) Act 2016 providesfortheNSWRFSCommissionertomakeFire Trail Standards that(withoutlimitation)mayset out:
classification,length,width,gradient,signage,constructionstandardsandmaintenanceoffiretrails,and
thestructureandformofFireAccessandFireTrail(FAFT)plansandTreatmentRegisterspreparedbylocalBushFireManagementCommittees(BFMC).
1.2 PurposeThis document constitutes the Fire Trail Standards madebytheNSWRFSCommissionerpursuanttosection62KoftheRural Fires Act 1997.
TheseStandardsestablishtherequirementstoachieveanintegratedandstrategicfireaccessandfiretrailnetwork.TheStandardsset out design and construction requirements foridentifiedfiretrailsinNSW,andprescribethestructureoftheFAFTplanandassociatedTreatmentRegisterstobepreparedbyBFMCs.
The Standards are to be used by organisations acrossNSWresponsibleforundertakingfireaccessandfiretrailplanning,andlandmanagersresponsibleforthedesign,constructionandmaintenanceoffiretrails.
AsuiteofdocumentsdevelopedbytheNSWRFSCommissionerandtheNSWBFCCprovidesupplementaryguidanceanddirectiontolandmanagerstoassistinthedesign,constructionandmaintenanceoffiretrailsontheirland,andBFMCsinvolvedinfiretrailplanningandthepreparationofFAFTplans.Theseinclude:
FAFT workshop presentation FAFTPlanInstructions Maps Listofcurrentfiretrails TreatmentRegister(populatedwithBFMCfiretrails)
Trailrankingandprioritisationtool.
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1.3. AimTheaimoftheStandardsistofacilitatetheplanningandimplementationofanintegratedandstrategicnetworkoffiretrails.
1.4 ObjectivesTheobjectivesoftheStandardsare:
Toprovideaprocesstoidentifyanintegratedandstrategicnetworkoffiretrailsfortheprotectionofthecommunityanditsassets,includingenvironmentalandsocialvalues;
Toestablishanetworkofstrategicfiretrailswhichmeetminimumstandardsandallowstandardoff-roadcapablefirefightingvehiclestosafelyandeffectivelytraversethelandscape;
Toensurefiretrailsenableavehicletobedrivensafelyalongthetrailwithoutdamagetothevehicleduetooverhangingvegetation,builtstructures,roughtrailsurfaceorotherphysicalimpediments;
Toensurefiretrailsareofanexpectedstandard that is known and understood by firefighters,canbereadilyidentifiedincludinginlimitedvisibilityconditions,andareavailablewhenrequired;and,
Toprovideasustainablefiretrailnetworkthatmeetsoperationalrequirements,minimisesadverseimpactsontheenvironment,anddeliversvalueformoney.
1.5 AssumptionsTheStandardshavebeenpreparedonthebasisofthefollowingassumptions:
Thefiretrailnetworkwillbeusedbysuitablytrainedandcompetentfirefighterscapableofoperatingintheexpectedphysicalenvironment.
FirefightingvehicleswillmeetNSWRFSstandardspecificationsandbedrivenbylicensedandcompetentdriversinaccordancewithlocalprocedures.
1.6 LimitationsThe Standards have been prepared with regard to thefollowinglimitations:
FiretrailsprovidedforintheStandardsareforthepurposesofbushfiresuppressionandotherfiremanagementpurposes.Whileitisrecognisedthatfiretrailsmayalsobeusedforotherpurposes(includingotherlandmanagementandcommercialpurposes,formingapartoffirebreaks,firecontainmentlinesandthelike),suchusesdonotfallwithinthescopeoftheseStandards.
Whilefiretrailswillbebuilttoaconsistentacceptablestandardinconsiderationofoperationalneeds,thesafetyoffirefighterscannotbeguaranteedgivenvariabilityintopography,weatherandfireconditions.
The design and construction standards specifiedintheStandardscaterforstandardoff-roadcapablefirefightingvehiclescurrentlyused in NSW.
Theimplementationofanewstandardisoftenchallengingandsubjecttoavailablefundingandpriorities.TheNSWRFSCommissionerandtheBFCCacknowledgethatacooperativeandincrementalapproachinimplementingthisStandardwillberequiredoverseveralyears,andtheeffectivenessoftheStandardwillbecontinuallymonitoredtoensureitmeetstheintentofthelegislation.
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1.7 DefinitionsExpressionsdefinedin62JoftheRural Fires Act 1997 applytotheStandards.DefinitionsarepertheNSWRFSDictionaryandapplytotheStandardsexceptwhereotherwisedefinedinsection62JoftheAct.KeytermsrelevanttotheStandardsareincludedbelowforreference:
Designated fire trail AfiretrailidentifiedbytheNSWRFSCommissionerthatmustbeupgradedorestablishedtomeettheStandards.
Certified fire trail AfiretrailthathasbeencertifiedascompliantwiththeFire Trail Standards.
Registered fire trail Afiretrail,regardlessoftenure,thathasbeencertifiedtomeettheseStandardsandisplacedonthePublicRegister.
Strategic fire trail AfiretrailonanytenureidentifiedbyaBFMCduringtheFAFTplanningprocess,orbytheNSWRFSCommissioner,tobeofsignificantvalueinthesuppressionormanagementoffirewithinthelandscape.ThesetrailsareplacedontheTreatmentRegisterapprovedbytheNSWRFSCommissionerandsubsequentlydesignated.Thesemayincludemulti-purposetrails.
Tactical fire trail AfiretrailonanytenureidentifiedbyaBFMCduringtheFAFTplanningprocess,orbytheNSWRFSCommissioner,thatshouldremainopentosupportthepreventionandsuppressionoffire.Thesemayincludemulti-purposetrails.
Private land meansthatisnotpublicland(section62J).
Public land meansmanagedland,unoccupiedCrownLand,orlandownedoroccupiedbyapublicauthority.ApublicauthorityresponsibleforanyparticularlandistakentobeoccupierofthelandforthisPart(section62J).
1.8 WhatisafiretrailforthepurposeoftheseStandards?Therearearangeofaccesswaysacrossthelandscapeavailableforusebyfirefighters.Theseincludepublicroads,tracksandtrailsorotherroadsusedforlandmanagement,assetmanagementorrecreationalpurposes.
ThepurposeoftheseStandardsistodefineanetworkoffiretrailsforvehicularuseidentifiedthroughtheprocessesestablishedbytheActanddeemednecessaryfortheprotectionofthecommunityanditsassets.ThesevehiculartrailswillbeidentifiedatalocallevelbytheBFMCandrecordedinaFAFTplanandtheTreatmentRegister,orbytheNSWRFSCommissioner.TheNSWRFSCommissionermayprovideguidancerelatingtothefactorstobeconsideredinthisprocess.
WhiletheStandardsareprincipallyconcernedwithfiretrailsdesignatedandregisteredunderprovisionsoftheAct,itisrecognisedthatotherfiretrailsandaccesswayswillcontinuetoexistandserveanimportantroleinbushfiresuppressionandfiremanagement.TheseotherfiretrailswillalsobeinformedbytheStandards.AllfiretrailsandaccesswayswillbeidentifiedaspartoftheoverallfireaccessnetworkcapturedintheFAFTplanningprocess.
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1.9 Performance-basedapproachTheStandardsadoptaperformance-basedapproachwhichallowsforflexibilityandinnovationinthedesignoffiretrailshavingregardtosite-specificopportunitiesandconstraints.
Theperformancecriteriamustbesatisfiedforregisteredfiretrails,andshouldbeachievedforotherfiretrails.Performancecriteriaaresetoutforeachrequirementandtheoutcomethatneedstobeachieved.Meetingtheperformancecriteriaisessentialtomaintainthesafetyandoperationalperformanceoffirefightingresources.Compliancewiththeperformancecriteriacanbeachievedinoneoftwoways:
2. Acceptable solution –Acceptablesolutionshavebeenspecifiedforeachperformancecriteriaandare‘deemedtosatisfy’.Materials,components,designfactors,andconstructionmethodsmaybeincludedwhich,ifused,willresultincompliancewiththeperformancecriteria. It is expected that designated and registeredfiretrailsonthewholewillfallintothiscategory;or,
3. Performance solution –Aperformancesolutionmay be proposed where constraints mean compliancewiththeacceptablesolutionisnotpracticable,anditisdemonstratedthatitotherwiseachievestheperformancecriteria.
Theprocessofdemonstratingcompliance,includingwhereaperformancesolutionisproposed,isoutlinedinChapter3.
1.10 EnvironmentalapprovalsFiretrailworksarerequiredtobeundertakeninaccordancewithapplicableenvironmentalandotherregulatoryrequirements.Arangeofenvironmentapprovalmechanismsexistforfiretrails,theseinclude:
BushFireHazardReductionCertificateissuedinaccordancewiththeBushFireEnvironmentalAssessmentCode;
ReviewofEnvironmentalFactors(REF)underPart5oftheEnvironmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979;
Assessment in accordance with the InfrastructureStateEnvironmentalPlanningPolicy(ISEPP);or
Anyotherrelevantenvironmentalapprovalmethods.
ThefollowingappliestotheBushFireEnvironmentalAssessmentCode.
TheBushFireEnvironmentalAssessmentCode2017* (the “Code”)providesastreamlinedenvironmentalassessmentprocessformechanicalandburningmethodsforundertakingbushfirehazardreductionwork,includingfiretrails.
Forthepurposesofclause3.8oftheCode,theCodeappliestothefollowingworks,providedtheworksaretobringthefiretrailintoclosercompliancewithanacceptablesolutionsetoutin,orperformancesolutionapprovedinaccordancewith,thedesignandconstructionrequirementsset out in Chapter 2 and the work is in accordance with the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual issuedbytheNSWRFSCommissioner:
adesignatedfiretrail; aregisteredfiretrail; afiretrailthatconstitutespartofthefiretrailnetworkwithinaFAFTplanapprovedforthearea;
afiretrailshownontheBFMC’sfiretraillayerandcategorisedas‘essential’or‘important’asat1August2017wherethereisnoFAFTplanapprovedforthearea;or
anexistingfiretrailidentifiedasatreatmentinanapprovedBushFireRiskManagementPlanwherethereisnoFAFTplanapprovedforthearea.
Forthepurposesofclause3.9oftheCode,theCodeappliestoworksforavehicularcontrolline,wherethoseworksareinaccordancewithanacceptablesolutionsetoutin,orperformancesolutionapprovedinaccordancewith,thedesignandconstructionrequirements set out in Chapter 2 and NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual issuedbytheNSWRFSCommissioner.
*Note:OnceapprovedandGazetted.
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2.FireTrailStandards2.1 ClassificationoffiretrailsTheStandardsprovidefortheclassificationoffiretrailsbasedonthetypeoffirefightingvehiclerequired to access an area. Three categories are provided:
Category 1: AfiretrailthatcanbesafelytraversedbyaCategory1firefightingvehicle.
Category 7: AfiretrailthatcanbesafelytraversedbyaCategory7firefightingvehicle.
Category 9: AfiretrailthatcanbesafelytraversedbyaCategory9firefightingvehicle.
Specificrequirementshavebeendevelopedforeachcategoryoffiretrail.ThespecificationsarebasedontheengineeringdetailscontainedinAppendix A.
ThecategoryofeachfiretrailwillbeidentifiedintheFAFTplanassetoutinChapter4andasidentifiedbytheNSWRFSCommissionerinthedesignationandregistrationofthefiretrail.
2.2 Design requirementsIntent of requirements:toprovideafunctional,strategicnetworkoffiretrailswhichpermitsaccessforfirefightingvehiclesusedinNSWinordertosupportfiremanagementandbushfirefighting.
2.2.1 Category1FireTrailsThefollowingperformancecriteriaandacceptablesolutionsareconsideredindustrybestpracticeandapplytoCategory1FireTrails:
Table 1:Category1FireTrailrequirements
REQUIREMENT PERFORMANCECRITERIA ACCEPTABLESOLUTIONS
Width Thewidthofthetrailprovidesforsafe,reliableandunobstructedpassagebyaCategory1firefightingvehiclewithinacceptableoperationallimits.
Thetrafficablesurfacehasawidthof4metresexceptforshortconstrictionsto3.5metresfornomorethan30metresinlengthwhereanobstructioncannotbereasonablyavoidedorremoved.
Curves have a minimum inner radius of6metres.Theminimumdistancebetween inner and outer curves is 6 metres.
Capacity Theconstructionandformationofthetrailistrafficableunderallweatherconditions(otherthanduetoflood,stormsurgeorsnowfall)foraCategory1firefightingvehicle.
Trailsurfacesandcrossingstructuresarecapableofcarryingvehicleswithagrossvehiclemassof15tonnesandanaxleloadof9tonnes.
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REQUIREMENT PERFORMANCECRITERIA ACCEPTABLESOLUTIONS
Grade and crossfall TheverticalprofileofthetrailprovidesfortractionandsafeworkinganglewithinthephysicaloperationalcapabilityofaCategory1firefightingvehicle.
Note: This includes design that does not impede the undercarriage of a vehicle.
Themaximumgradeofatrailisnotmore than 15 degrees.
Thecrossfallofthetrailsurfaceisnotmore than 6 degrees.
Drainagestructures,featurecrossings,orothersignificantchangesinthegradeofthetrailshallbeinaccordancewith the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual.
Clearance AclearedcorridorisprovidedaroundthetrailwhichpermitstheunobstructedpassageofaCategory1firefightingvehicleandforaworkingcorridoreithersideofthevehicletoenablefirefighterstoexitfrom,andaccessequipmentin,thevehicle.
Aminimumverticalclearanceof4metresisprovidedabovethesurfaceofthetrafficablesurfaceclearofobstructions.
Passing ThetrailprovidesfortwoCategory1firefightingvehiclestopassatappropriateintervalssoastoavoidunacceptabledelaysinoperations.
Capacityforpassingisprovidedevery250 metres comprising: Awidenedtrafficablesurfaceofatleast6metresforalengthofatleast20metres;or
A6metrewideand8metrelongareaclearofthetrafficablesurfacewith a minimum inner curve radius of6metresandminimumouterradiusof12metres;or
Aturnaroundasprovidedforinthistable.
Turnarounds ThetrailprovidesforaturningmanoeuvreforaCategory1firefightingvehicletoreturninthedirectionfromwhichitcameatappropriateintervalsandattheterminationofatrail.
A turning area is provided at the terminationofatrailandevery500metres and is achieved by: Anareaclearofthetrafficablesurface6metreswideand8metresdeep,withaminimuminnercurveradiusof6metresandouterminimumradiusof12metres;or
Aturningcircleofminimum22metre diameter.
AT-junctionwitheachterminatingendofthejunctionbeingatleast10metresinlengthfromtheintersectionoftheroadsandtheinnerradiusofthatintersectionbeingatleast6metres
Afiretrailorroadintersection.
Drainage Thefiretrailisdrainedeffectivelytomanagerainfallrunofftopreventdamagetothetrafficablesurface.
Drainageofthetrailisdesignedand constructed in accordance with the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual.
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2.2.2 Category7FireTrailsThefollowingperformancecriteriaandacceptablesolutionsareconsideredindustrybestpracticeandapplytoCategory7FireTrails:
Table 2:Category7FireTrailrequirements
REQUIREMENT PERFORMANCECRITERIA ACCEPTABLESOLUTIONS
Width Thewidthofthetrailprovidesforsafe,reliableandunobstructedpassagebyaCategory7firefightingvehiclewithinacceptableoperationallimits.
Thetrafficablesurfacehasawidthof3.5metresexceptforshortconstrictionsto3metresfornomorethan30metresinlengthwhereanobstructioncannotbereasonablyavoided or removed.
Curves have a minimum inner radius of5metres.Theminimumdistancebetween inner and outer curves is 5 metres.
Capacity Theconstructionandformationofthetrailistrafficableunderallweatherconditions(otherthanduetoflood,stormsurgeorsnowfall)foraCategory7firefightingvehicle.
Trailsurfacesandcrossingstructuresarecapableofcarryingvehicleswithagrossvehiclemassof8tonnesandanaxleloadof6tonnes.
Grade and crossfall TheverticalprofileofthetrailprovidesfortractionandsafeworkinganglewithinthephysicaloperationalcapabilityofaCategory7firefightingvehicle.
Note: This includes design that does not impede the undercarriage of a vehicle.
Themaximumgradeofatrailisnotmore than 15 degrees.
Thecrossfallofthecarriagewayisnotmore than 6 degrees.
Drainagestructures,featurecrossings,orothersignificantchangesinthegradeofthetrailshallbeinaccordance with the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual.
Clearance AclearedcorridorisprovidedaroundthetrailwhichpermitstheunobstructedpassageofaCategory7firefightingvehicleandforaworkingcorridoreithersideofthevehicletoenablefirefighterstoexitfrom,andaccessequipmentin,thevehicle.
Aminimumverticalclearanceof3.5metresisprovidedabovethesurfaceofthetrafficablesurfaceclearofobstructions.
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REQUIREMENT PERFORMANCECRITERIA ACCEPTABLESOLUTIONS
Passing ThetrailprovidesfortwoCategory7firefightingvehiclestopassatappropriateintervalssoastoavoidunacceptabledelaysinoperations.
Capacityforpassingbaysareprovided every 250 metres comprising: Awidenedtrafficablesurfaceofatleast5.5metresforalengthofatleast15metres;or,
A5.5metrewideand6metrelongareaclearofthetrafficablesurfacewith a minimum inner curve radius of5metresandminimumouterradiusof10metres.
Turnarounds ThetrailprovidesforaturningmanoeuvreforaCategory7firefightingvehicletoreturninthedirectionfromwhichitcameatappropriateintervalsandattheterminationofatrail.
A turning area is provided at the terminationofatrailandevery500metres and is achieved by: Anareaclearofthetrafficablesurface5.5metreswideand6metresdeep,withaminimuminnercurveradiusof5metresandouterminimumradiusof10metres;or
Turningcircleofminimum17metre diameter.
Drainage Thefiretrailisdrainedeffectivelytomanagerainfallrunofftopreventdamagetothetrafficablesurface.
Drainageofthetrailisdesignedand constructed in accordance with the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual.
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2.2.3 Category9FireTrailsThefollowingperformancecriteriaandacceptablesolutionsrequirementsareconsideredindustrybestpracticeandapplytoCategory9FireTrails:
Table 3:Category9FireTrailrequirements
REQUIREMENT PERFORMANCECRITERIA ACCEPTABLESOLUTIONS
Width Thewidthofthetrailprovidesforsafe,reliableandunobstructedpassagebyaCategory9firefightingvehiclewithinacceptableoperationallimits.
Thetrafficablesurfacehasawidthof3metresexceptforshortconstrictionsto2.5metresfornomorethan30metresinlengthwhereanobstructioncannotbereasonablyavoidedorremoved.
Curves have a minimum inner radius of5metres.Theminimumdistancebetween inner and outer curves is 5 metres.
Capacity Theconstructionandformationofthetrailistrafficableunderallweatherconditions(otherthanduetoflood,stormsurgeorsnowfall)foraCategory9firefightingvehicle.
Trailsurfacesandcrossingstructuresarecapableofcarryingvehicleswithagrossvehiclemassof4tonnesandanaxleloadof2tonnes.
Grade and crossfall TheverticalprofileofthetrailprovidesfortractionandsafeworkinganglewithinthephysicaloperationalcapabilityofaCategory9firefightingvehicle.
Note: This includes design that does not impede the undercarriage of a vehicle.
Themaximumgradeofatrailisnotmore than 15 degrees.
Thecrossfallofthetrailsurfaceisnotmore than 6 degrees.
Drainagestructures,featurecrossings,orothersignificantchangesinthegradeofthetrailshallbein accordance with the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual.
Clearance AclearedcorridorisprovidedaroundthetrailwhichpermitstheunobstructedpassageofaCategory9firefightingvehicleandforaworkingcorridoreithersideofthevehicletoenablefirefighterstoexitfrom,andaccessequipmentin,thevehicle.
Aminimumverticalclearanceof3metresisprovidedabovethesurfaceofthetrafficablesurfaceclearofobstructions.
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REQUIREMENT PERFORMANCECRITERIA ACCEPTABLESOLUTIONS
Passing ThetrailprovidesfortwoCategory9firefightingvehiclestopassatappropriateintervalssoastoavoidunacceptabledelaysinoperations.
Capacityforpassingbaysareprovided every 250 metres comprising: Awidenedtrafficablesurfaceofatleast5metresforalengthofatleast15metres;or,
A5.5metrewideand6metrelongareaclearofthetrafficablesurfacewith a minimum inner curve radius of5metresandminimumouterradiusof10metres.
Turnarounds ThetrailprovidesforaturningmanoeuvreforaCategory9firefightingvehicletoreturninthedirectionfromwhichitcameatappropriateintervalsandattheterminationofatrail.
A turning area is provided at the terminationofatrailandevery500metres and is achieved by: Anareaclearofthetrafficablesurface5.5metreswideand6metresdeep,withaminimuminnercurveradiusof5metresandouterminimumradiusof10metres;or
Turningcircleofminimum16metre diameter.
Drainage Thefiretrailisdrainedeffectivelytomanagerainfallrunofftopreventdamagetothetrafficablesurface.
Drainageofthetrailisdesignedand constructed in accordance with the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual.
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2.3 Construction and maintenance requirements
Firetrailsshallbeconstructedandmaintainedin accordance the NSW RFS Fire Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual issued by the NSWRFSCommissioner.
2.4 Access requirementsAccesstofiretrailsshallnotbeobstructedtoensurethatthefiretrailisavailableforusebyfirefightingservices.Whereaccesstoafiretrailiscontrolledthroughtheinstallationofagateorothercontrolmechanism,thisshallnotunreasonablyrestrictaccesstofirefighters.Accessbyfirefightersandtheirrepresentativesshallonlybeundertakenforthepurposesoffirefightingandassociatedactivities.
Inappropriate / unauthorised access is not permitted withouttheknowledgeofthelandmanager.
Anygateorcontrolmechanisminstalledacrossatrailshallbeoperablebyasinglepersonwithoutassistanceormachinery,andprovideaclearareaforthepassingofavehicleatleastthewidthofthetrafficablesurfacespecifiedintherelevantacceptablesolutionspecifiedinTable1,2or3.Thisareaforpassingshouldbeprovidedwithin100metresofthegate.
Where any securing arrangement to a gate or other controlmechanismrequirestheuseofthekeyforaccess,thelandmanagermustprovidefirefighterswithaccesssuchthatfirefightingeffortsarenothamperedordelayed,tothesatisfactionoftheNSWRFSCommissioner.
TheNSWRFSCommissionerwillworkwithmajorgovernmentlandmanagerstoidentifysuitableandefficientaccesscontrolarrangementstofacilitateaccesstothefiretrailnetworkacrosstenures.
Itisacknowledgedthatfiretrailsmayneedtobeclosedperiodicallyformaintenanceandrepairpurposes.Anyperiodsofclosureshouldbeminimisedasfarasreasonablypracticableandlocalresponseagenciesshouldbemadeawareoftheclosure,intendeddurationofclosureandreopening.
2.5 Signage requirementsStandardisedsignsshouldbeinstalledandmaintainedthroughoutthefiretrailnetworksothatfiretrailsareeasilyidentifiedwhenrequiredforfirefightingactivitiesandfiremanagement,includingintimesoflimitedvisibility.Signswillberequiredforallfiretrailsonpublicland,whilesignstobeinstalledonprivatelandwillbesubjecttoagreementwiththerelevantprivatelandowner.
TheNSWRFSCommissionerwillsupplyandinstallstandardfiretrailsignsorapprovedindicativesignagewhereappropriateforallregisteredfiretrails.Signagewillbeinstalledinthefirstinstanceontrailswherenocurrent signage exists. Where existing signage exists thatisclearandperformstherequiredfunction,itwillnotrequirereplacementuntilthesignisnolongerfunctional,atwhichtimeitwillbereplacedbyNSWRFSwithasignthatmeetsthisStandard.
Tomaintainconsistencyandensureaccuracy,theNSWRFSCommissionerwillgathersignagerequirementdetailsfromeachlandmanagerthroughtheBFMCpriortoorderingsignage.
2.5.1 StandardfiretrailsignsAfiretrailshouldbeclearlysignpostedwithstandardsignsateachentrypointtothefiretrail.
Firetrailsignswillbeametalblade,Class1reflectiveyellowwithblacklettering,andinclude:
NSWRFS*Logo Firetrailname(including‘F/T’asanabbreviationfor‘firetrail’);
LatitudeandlongitudereferenceofthelocationofthesigninDegreesDecimalMinutes(DD)format,and;
Thevehiclecarryingcapacity(1,7or9)inredwithinredcircleasdisplayedinAppendixB.
Letteringistobe70mminheight,andabladeistobenolongerthan1200mm.Shouldafiretrailnamenotfitonasinglebladeofthislength,thefollowingoptionsare to be considered:
1. compressletteringspacingandretain70mmheight2. reduceletteringsizeandprintontwolines
Whereasignistobemountedonacentrepole,bladelengthmaybeincreasedto1800mm.Signsshouldconsidertheuseofananti-graffiticoating.
AnillustrationofatypicalstandardsignforaregisteredfiretrailisatAppendixB.
Inareaswherepermanentsignageisunsuitablesuchasareasofhightheftorvandalism,theNSWRFSCommissionermayconsidertheuseoftemporarysignagesuchav-framesignage,orotherdesignsuitableforuseduringanincident.* except where the sign is paid and provided by the land manager. In these circumstances, the land manager may use their logo in place of the NSW RFS.
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2.5.2 IndicativefiretrailsignsIncircumstanceswheretheuseofastandardfiretrailsignisnotconsideredsuitable,suchasonornearprivateproperty,theNSWRFSCommissionermayissueandinstallindicativefiretrailsigns.
Thesesignswillbeametalblade,Class1reflectiveyellow,andincludeonlythetrailVehicleCarryingCapacity(i.e.1,7or9)asshowninAppendixB.Thesesignsshouldconsidertheuseofananti-graffiticoating.
AnillustrationofatypicalindicativesignforaregisteredfiretrailisatAppendixB.
2.5.3 Installationoffiretrailsignsonnon-registeredfiretrails
ShouldaBFMCorlandmanagerwishtoinstallfiretrailsignsonnon-registeredfiretrails,thesignshouldusethedesigninAppendixBwiththefollowingalterations:
allletteringistobeblack,includingthevehiclecarrying capacity
theremustbenocirclearoundthevehiclecarrying capacity.
2.5.4 NothroughtrailsAlltrailswithonlyoneentryandexitpoint(deadendsortohandtoollinesonly)mustbemarkedasa“NoThroughRoad”.ThesesignstobeClass1reflectivewhitewithblacklettering70mminheight,andaretobeasinglebladepositioneddirectlyunderthefiretrailsign.
2.5.5 BridgesBridgesshouldbemarkedandidentifyloadrating.ThesesignstobeClass1reflectivewhitewithblackletteringasperRMSstandards,andaretobeasinglesignpositionedappropriatelyinrelationtothebridge.
2.5.6 Standardsymbologyandotheradvisory signs
In some circumstances there may be a requirementorbenefitindisplayingadditionalinformationonsignposts.Thismayincludeasix(6)figuregridreference.
Standardsymbology,inaccordancewithAFACStandards,forfeaturesconsideredrelevant(suchasWaterPoints,EscapeRoutesandHelipads)byaBFMCmaybeincludedonaClass1reflectivewhitesingleblade.ThesymbologywouldbeconsistentwiththecolourofthestandardisedAFACsymbol.AnexampleisprovidedinAppendix B.
Shouldthefiretrailhaveanyknownrestrictions,aseparatebladeshallbeprovidedtoidentifytherestriction.Thesewillbeametalblade,Class1reflectivewhitewithblacklettering.
2.5.7 FiretrailnameFiretrailsshallbeappropriatelynamedinordertominimiseconfusion.BFMCsandlandmanagersarerequiredtonamethefiretrailpriortoregistration.Ifalreadyknown,useacceptednameswhenformallynamingafiretrail.Firetrailsshouldnotbereferredtoas‘unnamed’,‘noname’,or‘unknown’.
Nominatednamesshouldbeeasytopronounce,writeandspell.AvoidduplicationortheuseofcommonnamesinexistenceelsewherewithintheBFMC’slocalarea.
2.5.8 Other signsOthersignsmayberequiredfromtimetotimebytheNSWRFSCommissioner.Thesemayincludeguidepostsforculverts,orsignagerequiredtoindicatethelocationofturn-aroundpointsorhelipads.
TheNSWRFSwillworkwiththeotheragenciestodetermineadditionalpublicsafetyinformationsignagetobeprovidedaspartof,orinconjunctionwith,firetrailsignsasrequired.
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3.AssessmentandcomplianceAssessmentswillneedtobeundertakenatanumberofpointsinthisprocesstodeterminewhetherafiretrailcomplieswiththedesignandconstructionrequirementsoftheStandard.Assessmentsshallbefocussedonwhetherthetrailcomplieswiththedesignandconstructionstandards set out in Chapter 2. Where an assessmentisundertakenforthepurposesofsubmissiontotheNSWRFSCommissioner,theassessmentwillberequiredtobeintheformspecifiedbytheNSWRFSCommissioner.
3.1 PerformancesolutionsWhereaperformancesolutionisproposed,theonusisonthelandmanagertodemonstratecompliancewithrelevantprovisionsoftheStandards.
Performancesolutionsmustbeassessedaccordingtooneormoreoftheassessmentmethods:
Evidencetosupportthattheuseofamaterial,formofconstruction,ordesignmeetstheperformancecriteria;
Verificationmethodssuchasatest,inspection,calculationorothermethodthatdetermineswhetheraperformancesolutioncomplieswiththerelevantperformancecriteria;
Comparisonwiththeacceptablesolutionsusing expert judgement.
PerformancesolutionsshouldbedevelopedinconsultationwiththerelevantstakeholderssuchastheNSWRFS,engineers,privatelandowners,andtheBFMCbeforebeingforwardedtotheNSWRFSCommissionerforapproval.
3.2 AnnualassessmentApubliclandmanagershallprovidetotheNSWRFSCommissionerannuallyastatementastotheconditionofeachdesignatedandregisteredfiretrailonitsland,andwhetherornoteachofthosetrailsmeettheStandards.ThestatementmustbemadeintheformasspecifiedbytheNSWRFSCommissioner.
Whereafiretrailislocatedonprivateland,assessmentarrangementswillbedeterminedandset out in the agreement entered into between the NSWRFSCommissionerandthelandowner.
TheNSWRFSmayundertakeinspectionsoffiretrailsonbothpublicandprivatelandadditionaltotheannualassessmentrequirement.
AnannualassessmentofallotherfiretrailsinaFAFTplanshouldbeundertakenbytheresponsibleagencyandprovidedtotheBFMC.
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4.Planning4.1 FireAccessandFireTrailplan
requirementsIn order to provide a consistent approach to firetrailplanningacrossNSW,theActrequiresBFMCstoprepareadraftFAFTplanfortheirarea. This must be prepared in accordance with requirements set out in these Standards and reviewed and approved by the BFCC.
TheFAFTplanwillsupplementexistingfireplanningactivitiesundertakenatthelocallevel,suchasbushfireriskmanagementplanning,andidentifytheappropriatemeansofaccessinglandtoprevent,fight,manageorcontainbushfires.Theprocesswillconsiderawiderangeoffactorsthatwillreviewtheadequacyoftheaccesssystemforfirefightingtoprovideaccessfortheprotectionoflifeandpropertyinanarea.
AFAFTplanshall:
Be prepared in accordance with instructions andbeinaformspecifiedbytheNSWRFSCommissioner;
IncludealltrailsthatformthefiretrailnetworkasenvisagedintheStandards,alongwithotheraccessways;and
Bepreparedwithaplanninghorizonof5years.
AFAFTplanshallcomprise:
A map showing: Abaselayercontainingallexistingvehiculartracks,trailsandroads;
Theidentifiedfiretrailnetworkcomprising: Allstrategicfiretrails; Alltacticalfiretrails;and Otherfireaccessways,suchasexistingroads,tracksandtrailsthatmaybeofuseforfiremanagement,butdonotformpartofthefiretrailnetwork.
Ascheduleoftheidentifiedfiretrailsthatconstitutethefiretrailnetworkdetailing: Name Identifier Category(strategicortactical) Status(registered,designatedetc.) VehicleCarryingCapacity(VCC) Proposedfiretrails Currentfiretrailcondition Responsibleagency;and Other matters as determined by the NSW RFSCommissioner.
4.2 FiretrailtreatmentregisterAtreatmentregisterformshouldbeusedtosetoutascheduleofworksfortheconstructionandmaintenanceoffiretrailsthatconstitutethefiretrailnetwork.
AtreatmentregistershallbepreparedandsubmittedtotheNSWRFSCommissionerforapproval:
ConcurrentlywiththesubmissionofadraftFAFTplan;and
By31Mayeachyear.Atreatmentregistershall:
BepreparedinaccordancewiththeBFMCinstructionsandbeinaformatspecifiedbytheNSWRFSCommissioner;and
DetailplannedfiretrailworksforthenominalfiveyearplanninghorizonoftheFAFTplantoimprove the network over time.
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5. Document reviewThe Fire Trail Standards may be reviewed and amendedbytheNSWRFSCommissionerasrequired.Areviewmustbeundertakenbefore 30June2019.
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Appendix A Firefightingvehiclespecifications
Category 1Firefightingvehiclespecifications
Length 8200 mm
Width 2400 mm
Mirror length 450mm
Height 3700mm(including600mmforaerials)
Ground clearance 310 mm
Approach angle 35º
Departure angle 25º
Wheelbase 4700 mm
Turning circle – wall to wall 22m diameter
Weight 14200kg
Maximum axle loading 9,000kg
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Category 7Firefightingvehiclespecifications
Length 6200mm
Width 2040mm
Mirror length 450mm
Height 3050mm(including600mmforaerials)
Ground clearance 230mm
Approach angle 35º
Departure angle 30º
Wheelbase 3395mm
Turning circle – wall to wall 17mdiameter
Weight 7500kg
Maximum axle loading 5600kg
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Category 9 Firefightingvehiclespecifications
Length 5300mm
Width 1750mm
Mirror length 450mm
Height 2600mm(including600mmforaerials)
Ground clearance 220mm
Approach angle 35º
Departure angle 30º
Wheelbase 3180mm
Turning circle – wall to wall 16m diameter
Weight 3700 kg
Maximum axle loading 2000kg
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Appendix B“Certified”FireTrailSignage
PRIMARY FIRE TRAIL DIRECTIONAL SIGN SINGLE END-MOUNTED POST
200mmwidebladewithChevron
Class1yellowreflectivewithblacklettering
Redcircleandvehiclecarryingcapacity.Circletobe125mmindiameter
70mm Lettering
Wheretwolinesarerequired,letteringheight may be 60mm
Maxlength900mm
Lat/Long(DDformat)letteringsizetosuit–singleline
Logo to be 115mm high
BI-DIRECTIONAL SIGN CENTRE–MOUNTED POST
200mmwidebladewithchevronateachend
Class1yellowreflectivewithblacklettering
Redcircleandvehiclecarryingcapacity.Redcircletobe125mmindiameterat either end
70mm Lettering
Wheretwolinesarerequired,letteringheight may be 60mm
Maxlength1200mm
Lat/Long(DDformat)letteringsizetosuit-singleline
INDICATIVE FIRE TRAIL SIGN FOR USE ON OR NEAR PRIVATE PROPERTY
200mmwidebladewithchevron
Class1yellowreflectivewithblacklettering
Redcircleandvehiclecarryingcapacity.Redcircletobe125mmindiameter
STOCKYARD CREEK TOSASSAFRAS RIDGE F/T
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AFAC BUSH FIRE SYMBOLOGY
Helipad
Refuge
Water Point
Staging Area
WaterPointHelicopter
EscapeRoute
“Advisory”FireTrailSignage
AFAC SYMBOLOGY AND OTHER ADVISORY SIGNS
Attachedunderyellowblade
200mmwidebladewithChevron Attachedunderyellowblade
200mmbladewithsquareend
70mm Lettering
Reflectivewhitebackground
Blacklettering
AFACsymbologytobe125mmhigh
OnlyAFACStandardBushFire Symbologyistobeused
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“Tactical”FireTrailSignage
PRIMARY FIRE TRAIL DIRECTIONAL SIGN SINGLE END-MOUNTED POST
200mmwidebladewithChevron
Class1yellowreflectivewithblacklettering
Catnumberletteringtobe90mm
70mm Lettering
Wheretwolinesarerequired,letteringheight may be 60mm
Maxlength900mm
Lat/Long(DDformat)letteringsizetosuitonsingleline
Logo to be 115mm high
BI-DIRECTIONAL SIGN CENTRE MOUNTED POST
200mmwidebladewithchevronateachend
Class1yellowreflectivewithblacklettering
Redcircleandvehiclecarryingcapacity.Redcircletobe125mmindiameterateitherend
70mm Lettering
Wheretwolinesarerequired,letteringheight may be 60mm
Maxlength1200mm
Lat/Long(DDformat)letteringsizetosuitonsingleline
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Postal addressNSWRuralFireService Locked Bag 17 GRANVILLENSW2142
Social Media www.facebook.com/nswrfs/
@NSWRFS
Street addressNSWRuralFireService 4MurrayRoseAvenueSydneyOlympicParkNSW2127
T (02) 8741 5555 F (02)87415550www.rfs.nsw.gov.au