CHAPTER 2APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP

CHAPTER 2APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP

AUTHORITY

The power or right to give commands, enforce obedience, take action, or make final decisions.”

AUTHORITY

The power or right to give commands, enforce obedience, take action, or make final decisions.”

In the Unites States Navy Authority means the person in charge

BURDENS OF COMMAND

RESPONSIBILITY

ACCOUNTABILIY

BURDENS OF COMMAND

RESPONSIBILITY

ACCOUNTABILIY

Authority in civilian life does not carry the same amount of accountability.

Authority in civilian life does not carry the same amount of accountability.

CEOPOLICETEACHERPREACHER

Worthy of reliance or trust

Consistent in performanceor behavior

Worthy of reliance or trust

Consistent in performanceor behavior

DependableDependable

Characterized by or favoringabsolute obedience to authority,as against individual freedom

Does not care about what people think, as long as they follow orders.

Characterized by or favoringabsolute obedience to authority,as against individual freedom

Does not care about what people think, as long as they follow orders.

AuthoritarianAuthoritarian

Every one gets to provide input, discussions

Works best when you have time to analyze input from all team members

Every one gets to provide input, discussions

Works best when you have time to analyze input from all team members

DemocraticDemocratic

Effective leadership is based on results , not effort.

Effective leadership is based on results , not effort.

Join

ing

Join

ing

Con

sulti

ng

Con

sulti

ng

Test

ing

Test

ing

Selli

ng

Selli

ng

Telli

ng

Telli

ng

RANGE OFLEADERSHIP STYLES

RANGE OFLEADERSHIP STYLES

The leader keeps all authority and gives the group little freedom. The leader decides, and the group follows.

The leader keeps all authority and gives the group little freedom. The leader decides, and the group follows.

The leader makes the decision, thenpersuades the group that this decision is the “best” for the group.

The leader makes the decision, thenpersuades the group that this decision is the “best” for the group.

The leader states the problem, picks apossible solution, and lets the groupreact to this solution. Possibly acceptingsuggestions, the leader makes a final decision and informs the group.

The leader states the problem, picks apossible solution, and lets the groupreact to this solution. Possibly acceptingsuggestions, the leader makes a final decision and informs the group.

The leader presents the problem and asks for ideas from the group members.The group recommends solutions;the leader selects one, and informsthe group.

The leader presents the problem and asks for ideas from the group members.The group recommends solutions;the leader selects one, and informsthe group.

The group decides and the leaderfollows. Here the leader is just anothermember of the group and agrees tocarry out the group’s decision.

The group decides and the leaderfollows. Here the leader is just anothermember of the group and agrees tocarry out the group’s decision.

To commit or entrust to another

To authorize and send (anotherperson) as one's representative

You can delegate authority, but never responsibility

To commit or entrust to another

To authorize and send (anotherperson) as one's representative

You can delegate authority, but never responsibility

DelegateDelegate

• Reading

• Writing

• Listening

• Speaking

• Reading

• Writing

• Listening

• Speaking

The four skills necessary for communication are:The four skills necessary for communication are:

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

READINGREADING

save time, effort, and get a betterunderstanding by:

~ scanning the material first to pick out the main ideas

~ then reread for details

save time, effort, and get a betterunderstanding by:

~ scanning the material first to pick out the main ideas

~ then reread for details

When readinglonger articles,books, orinstructions,

When readinglonger articles,books, orinstructions,

WRITINGWRITING

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

1. Clarify your purpose.

2. Limit the subject.

3. List your ideas.

4. Organize your ideas into groups.

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

1. Clarify your purpose.

2. Limit the subject.

3. List your ideas.

4. Organize your ideas into groups.

WRITINGWRITING

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

1. Clarify your purpose. Be able to say why you are writing, who will read it, and what you expect the reader to do after reading it.

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

1. Clarify your purpose. Be able to say why you are writing, who will read it, and what you expect the reader to do after reading it.

WRITINGWRITING

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

2. Limit the subject. Material should be limited to what suits your purpose as stated in Step 1. Do not waste the readers’ time with extra material.

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

2. Limit the subject. Material should be limited to what suits your purpose as stated in Step 1. Do not waste the readers’ time with extra material.

WRITINGWRITING

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

3. List your ideas. You want to list ideas that will get across to your reader. As you read and research, write down ideas and change them later if necessary.

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

3. List your ideas. You want to list ideas that will get across to your reader. As you read and research, write down ideas and change them later if necessary.

WRITINGWRITING

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

4. Organize your ideas into groups. Main ideas are followed by important subheadings, then supporting information. An outline will help keep you on course and save time when you actually start writing.

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

4. Organize your ideas into groups. Main ideas are followed by important subheadings, then supporting information. An outline will help keep you on course and save time when you actually start writing.

WRITINGWRITING

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

1. Clarify your purpose. 2. Limit the subject. 3. List your ideas.4. Organize your ideas into groups.

your leadership and organizational skills will be evident in the text.

There are four important steps to followfor effective writing:

1. Clarify your purpose. 2. Limit the subject. 3. List your ideas.4. Organize your ideas into groups.

your leadership and organizational skills will be evident in the text.

LISTENINGLISTENING

Four rules to becoming a better listener:

1. Get ready to listen.

2. Take responsibility for understanding.

3. Listen to understand rather than to disagree.

4. Listen for the main ideas.

Four rules to becoming a better listener:

1. Get ready to listen.

2. Take responsibility for understanding.

3. Listen to understand rather than to disagree.

4. Listen for the main ideas.

LISTENINGLISTENING

1. Get ready to listen. Do not place all the responsibility on the speaker. You must be alert!

1. Get ready to listen. Do not place all the responsibility on the speaker. You must be alert!

LISTENINGLISTENING

2. Take responsibility for understanding. In your mind put the speaker’s ideas in your own words.

2. Take responsibility for understanding. In your mind put the speaker’s ideas in your own words.

LISTENINGLISTENING

3. Listen to understand rather than to disagree. Listen and wait; try to understand first and evaluate second. Emotions should not cloud the matter. Question only after a speech or lesson is finished.

3. Listen to understand rather than to disagree. Listen and wait; try to understand first and evaluate second. Emotions should not cloud the matter. Question only after a speech or lesson is finished.

LISTENINGLISTENING

4. Listen for the main ideas. If you are listening to a teacher or other speaker, take notes. Come to classes and lectures prepared to do so. Taking notes will make you more alert for the main ideas.

4. Listen for the main ideas. If you are listening to a teacher or other speaker, take notes. Come to classes and lectures prepared to do so. Taking notes will make you more alert for the main ideas.

LISTENINGLISTENING

If you use these four rules,

1. Get ready to listen.

2. Take responsibility for understanding.

3. Listen to understand rather than to disagree.

4. Listen for the main ideas.

you will gain more knowledge andunderstanding. It is still the best way.

If you use these four rules,

1. Get ready to listen.

2. Take responsibility for understanding.

3. Listen to understand rather than to disagree.

4. Listen for the main ideas.

you will gain more knowledge andunderstanding. It is still the best way.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

Five basic steps for an effective speech:

1. Determine the purpose of the speech.

2. Narrow the scope of your topic.

3. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience.

4. Make an outline to organize your speech.

5. Practice your speech.

Five basic steps for an effective speech:

1. Determine the purpose of the speech.

2. Narrow the scope of your topic.

3. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience.

4. Make an outline to organize your speech.

5. Practice your speech.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

1. Determine the purpose of the speech. Having “zeroed in” on your purpose, stick to it. Do not wander in your research or your writing.

1. Determine the purpose of the speech. Having “zeroed in” on your purpose, stick to it. Do not wander in your research or your writing.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

2. Narrow the scope of your topic. Do not try to cover too much in one speech. You will bore your listeners if you do. Most good speeches can be given in 15 minutes or less.

2. Narrow the scope of your topic. Do not try to cover too much in one speech. You will bore your listeners if you do. Most good speeches can be given in 15 minutes or less.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

3. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience. Keep in mind the maturity of your audience. Do not rely just on what you know about the subject. Do some research. Be sure your information is correct.

3. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience. Keep in mind the maturity of your audience. Do not rely just on what you know about the subject. Do some research. Be sure your information is correct.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

4. Make an outline to organize your speech. Note facts and figures so you don’t make mistakes.

4. Make an outline to organize your speech. Note facts and figures so you don’t make mistakes.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

5. Practice your speech. Say it in front of a mirror or use a tape recorder. Time it. Listen to yourself. Plan to use gestures. “Running through” your speech will give you confidence.

5. Practice your speech. Say it in front of a mirror or use a tape recorder. Time it. Listen to yourself. Plan to use gestures. “Running through” your speech will give you confidence.

SPEAKINGSPEAKINGPreparing with these five basic steps,

1. Determine the purpose of the speech.2. Narrow the scope of your topic.3. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience.4. Make an outline to organize your speech.5. Practice your speech.

will give you additional confidence todeliver an effective speech as a leader.

Preparing with these five basic steps,

1. Determine the purpose of the speech.2. Narrow the scope of your topic.3. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience.4. Make an outline to organize your speech.5. Practice your speech.

will give you additional confidence todeliver an effective speech as a leader.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

The best speeches use what is called three part communication or:The best speeches use what is called three part communication or:

3 Part Comm.3 Part Comm.

Introduction

Body

Close

Introduction

Body

Close

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

IntroductionIntroduction

Tell your audience what you are going to tell them.Tell your audience what you are going to tell them.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

BodyBody

Tell them. In other words, present your speech. Hit the key points or phrases in the same order youoffered in the introduction. This is a “road map” they can follow.

Tell them. In other words, present your speech. Hit the key points or phrases in the same order youoffered in the introduction. This is a “road map” they can follow.

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

CloseClose

Tell your audience what you told them. This reinforces the key points you were making in the body of your speech andrefreshes their memory. It also offers an excellent method of wrapping upand ending a speech with a “Thank You!”

Tell your audience what you told them. This reinforces the key points you were making in the body of your speech andrefreshes their memory. It also offers an excellent method of wrapping upand ending a speech with a “Thank You!”

SPEAKINGSPEAKING

3 Part Comm.3 Part Comm.

Introduction

Body

Close

Introduction

Body

Close

Tell your audience what you are going to tell them.Tell your audience what you are going to tell them.

Tell them.Tell them.

Tell them what you toldThem. Tell them what you toldThem.

Using these proven methods, Using these proven methods,

you will find speeches easier to prepare,deliver, and close, with your leadershippersona enhanced.

you will find speeches easier to prepare,deliver, and close, with your leadershippersona enhanced.

Q.1. What does authority mean in the Navy?

Q.1. What does authority mean in the Navy?

A.1. The person in chargeA.1. The person in charge

Q.1. What does authority mean in the Navy?

Q.1. What does authority mean in the Navy?

Q.2. What is the definition of "authority?"

Q.2. What is the definition of "authority?"

A.2. The power or right to give commands, enforce obedience, take action, or make final decisions

A.2. The power or right to give commands, enforce obedience, take action, or make final decisions

Q.2. What is the definition of "authority?"

Q.2. What is the definition of "authority?"

Q.3. In the Navy, authority comes with what?

Q.3. In the Navy, authority comes with what?

A.3. Responsibility and accountability

A.3. Responsibility and accountability

Q.3. In the Navy, authority comes with what?

Q.3. In the Navy, authority comes with what?

Q.4. What is the difference betweencivilian authority and navalauthority?

Q.4. What is the difference betweencivilian authority and navalauthority?

A.4. Civilian leaders may be heldaccountable in many cases onlyif they break the law. Navalauthority is held accountable forall that occurs in that command.

A.4. Civilian leaders may be heldaccountable in many cases onlyif they break the law. Navalauthority is held accountable forall that occurs in that command.

Q.4. What is the difference betweencivilian authority and navalauthority?

Q.4. What is the difference betweencivilian authority and navalauthority?

Q.5. Why do parents have authority over their children?

Q.5. Why do parents have authority over their children?

A.5. They are responsible for your actions.

A.5. They are responsible for your actions.

Q.5. Why do parents have authority over their children?

Q.5. Why do parents have authority over their children?

Q.6. Describe an autocratic leader.Q.6. Describe an autocratic leader.

A.6. The autocratic leader does not allow input or discussion.

A.6. The autocratic leader does not allow input or discussion.

Q.6. Describe an autocratic leader.Q.6. Describe an autocratic leader.

Q.7. Describe a democratic leader.Q.7. Describe a democratic leader.

A.7. The democratic leader allows the unit to have input.

A.7. The democratic leader allows the unit to have input.

Q.7. Describe a democratic leader.Q.7. Describe a democratic leader.

Q.8. What are the two extreme styles of leadership, and what are the features of each?

Q.8. What are the two extreme styles of leadership, and what are the features of each?

A.8. Autocratic is centered on the leader and Democratic means participation of followers, as well as the leader, in the leadership process.

A.8. Autocratic is centered on the leader and Democratic means participation of followers, as well as the leader, in the leadership process.

Q.8. What are the two extreme styles of leadership, and what are the features of each?

Q.8. What are the two extreme styles of leadership, and what are the features of each?

Q.9. Upon what is effective leadership based?

Q.9. Upon what is effective leadership based?

A.9. ResultsA.9. Results

Q.9. Upon what is effective leadership based?

Q.9. Upon what is effective leadership based?

Q.10. What are the five approaches to leadership?

Q.10. What are the five approaches to leadership?

A.10. a. Telling b. Selling c. Testing d. Consulting e. Joining

A.10. a. Telling b. Selling c. Testing d. Consulting e. Joining

Q.10. What are the five approaches to leadership?

Q.10. What are the five approaches to leadership?

Q.11. Which style of leadership is better, autocratic or

democratic?

Q.11. Which style of leadership is better, autocratic or

democratic?

A.11. Each one has a purpose, and it is necessary to use the one that will suit the situation.

A.11. Each one has a purpose, and it is necessary to use the one that will suit the situation.

Q.11. Which style of leadership is better, autocratic or democratic?

Q.11. Which style of leadership is better, autocratic or democratic?

Q.12. What are the four skills necessary for effective communication?

Q.12. What are the four skills necessary for effective communication?

A.12. 1. Reading 2. Writing 3. Listening 4. Speaking

A.12. 1. Reading 2. Writing 3. Listening 4. Speaking

Q.12. What are the four skills necessary for effective communication?

Q.12. What are the four skills necessary for effective communication?

Q.13. What are the four important steps for effective writing?

Q.13. What are the four important steps for effective writing?

A.13. 1. Clarify your purpose 2. Limit the subject 3. List ideas 4. Organize ideas

A.13. 1. Clarify your purpose 2. Limit the subject 3. List ideas 4. Organize ideas

Q.13. What are the four important steps for effective writing?

Q.13. What are the four important steps for effective writing?

Q.14. What are the four rules for being a good listener?

Q.14. What are the four rules for being a good listener?

A.14. 1. Get ready to listen 2. Take the responsibility for understanding 3. Listen to understand 4. Listen for the main ideas

A.14. 1. Get ready to listen 2. Take the responsibility for understanding 3. Listen to understand 4. Listen for the main ideas

Q.14. What are the four rules for being a good listener?

Q.14. What are the four rules for being a good listener?

Q.15. What are the five basic steps to follow in preparing a speech?

Q.15. What are the five basic steps to follow in preparing a speech?

A.15. 1. Determine the purpose 2. Narrow the scope of your

topic 3. Choose a subject of interest 4. Make an outline 5. Practice your speech

A.15. 1. Determine the purpose 2. Narrow the scope of your

topic 3. Choose a subject of interest 4. Make an outline 5. Practice your speech

Q.15. What are the five basic steps to follow in preparing a speech?

Q.15. What are the five basic steps to follow in preparing a speech?

Q.16. Why is it important to know the audience that you are

addressing?

Q.16. Why is it important to know the audience that you are

addressing?

A.16. So that you can speak on their levelA.16. So that you can speak on their level

Q.16. Why is it important to know the audience that you are

addressing?

Q.16. Why is it important to know the audience that you are

addressing?