NRL 7343 Nov’97

Remote Sensing in the Remote Sensing in the Japan East Sea Japan East Sea

Remote Sensing in the Remote Sensing in the Japan East Sea Japan East Sea

Robert ArnoneRobert Arnone Richard Gould Richard Gould

Chistine Chan Chistine Chan Sherwin LadnerSherwin Ladner

Naval Research LaboratoryNaval Research Laboratory

Stennis Space CenterStennis Space Center

Robert ArnoneRobert Arnone Richard Gould Richard Gould

Chistine Chan Chistine Chan Sherwin LadnerSherwin Ladner

Naval Research LaboratoryNaval Research Laboratory

Stennis Space CenterStennis Space Center

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Objective:Objective:• Establish the seasonal and regional character of the SST and Bio-Optical (Chlorophyll) distribution (i.e. time -series)

• AVHRR / SeaWIFS •GAC /and LAC (resolution)

• Coupling of the temperature and bio-optical structure (physical)•on the Subpolar front/•Korean Coastal Current

• Determine link of the surface features with subsurface

• Real –time satellite imagery (AVHRR and SeaWIFS )for directing SeaSoar SeaWIFS validation.

CRUISE ONE RESULTS – SEASOAR – May /June 1999CRUISE ONE RESULTS – SEASOAR – May /June 1999

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Status of Remote Sensing Status of Remote Sensing Status of Remote Sensing Status of Remote Sensing

AVHRR -AVHRR -- HRPT (1 km) daily imagery - HRPT (1 km) daily imagery

-NOAA – LAC-NOAA – LAC 1998/1999 limited1998/1999 limited- Shipboard system - Shipboard system - KORDI – HRPT – (ftp) - July - 1999- KORDI – HRPT – (ftp) - July - 1999- Japan - Japan Ischio AsamasiIschio Asamasi

total 1998 – 227 total 1998 – 227 total 1999 – 384 total 1999 – 384 total of 611total of 611

- GAC (Monthly) -Phy O DACC (JPL)- GAC (Monthly) -Phy O DACC (JPL)

SeaWIFSSeaWIFS - HRPT (1 km)- HRPT (1 km)

- Goddard (SeaWIFS project) - Goddard (SeaWIFS project) - Ship board system- Ship board system

- GAC (monthly) – SeaWIFS project- GAC (monthly) – SeaWIFS project

AVHRR -AVHRR -- HRPT (1 km) daily imagery - HRPT (1 km) daily imagery

-NOAA – LAC-NOAA – LAC 1998/1999 limited1998/1999 limited- Shipboard system - Shipboard system - KORDI – HRPT – (ftp) - July - 1999- KORDI – HRPT – (ftp) - July - 1999- Japan - Japan Ischio AsamasiIschio Asamasi

total 1998 – 227 total 1998 – 227 total 1999 – 384 total 1999 – 384 total of 611total of 611

- GAC (Monthly) -Phy O DACC (JPL)- GAC (Monthly) -Phy O DACC (JPL)

SeaWIFSSeaWIFS - HRPT (1 km)- HRPT (1 km)

- Goddard (SeaWIFS project) - Goddard (SeaWIFS project) - Ship board system- Ship board system

- GAC (monthly) – SeaWIFS project- GAC (monthly) – SeaWIFS project

NRL 7343 Nov’97

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec

Image Inventory SeaWIFS -1998SeaWIFS1999AVHRR-1998AVHRR-1999AVHRR-1999-c

Total: SeaWIFS = 477 AVHRR = 661 1180

71 76 93

NRL 7343 Nov’97

May. 21, 1999May. 21, 1999

100-120 km 100-120 km

25-35 km25-35 km

40-50 km40-50 km

Coasta

l Upw

ellin

g

Coasta

l Upw

ellin

g

Upw

ellin

g

Upwel

ling

SST Eddy ScalesSST Eddy Scales

Filam

en

t

Roll um’Roll um’

NRL 7343 Nov’97

NRL 7343 Nov’97

SeaWIFSSeaWIFSDaily 1998- 1999 Daily 1998- 1999

MovieMovie

AVHRRAVHRRDaily 1998- 1999 Daily 1998- 1999

MovieMovie

SeaWIFSSeaWIFSMonthlyMonthly

1998- 1999 1998- 1999 MovieMovie

AVHRRAVHRR MonthlyMonthly

1998- 1999 1998- 1999 MovieMovie

SeaWIFSSeaWIFSWeeklyWeekly1999 1999 MovieMovie

SeaWIFSSeaWIFSWeeklyWeekly1998 1998 MovieMovie

AVHRRAVHRRWeeklyWeekly1998 1998 MovieMovie

AVHRRAVHRRWeeklyWeekly19991999MovieMovie

AVHRR- SeaWIFS AVHRR- SeaWIFS MonthlyMonthly

1998 - 19991998 - 1999MovieMovie

NRL 7343 Nov’97

AVHRRAVHRR Monthly CompositeMonthly Composite

4- 994- 99

Korea Japan

Russia

130 140

China

Time-Series AnalysesTime-Series AnalysesAVHRR – SST AVHRR – SST SeaWIFS – Chlorophyll SeaWIFS – Chlorophyll

Nov 1997 - Oct 1999Nov 1997 - Oct 1999SeaWIFSSeaWIFS

Monthly CompositeMonthly Composite4- 994- 99

! Residuals ! Residuals

NRL 7343 Nov’97

1998 19991997

SS

T

SpringSpring BloomBloom

FallFall BloomBloom

SpringSpring BloomBloom

Basin Time Series GacImagery

NRL 7343 Nov’97

1998199819971997 19991999 1998199819971997 19991999

Latitude Binned Seasonal progression Latitude Binned Seasonal progression of SST and Chlorophyll of SST and Chlorophyll

Sea Surface Temperature Sea Surface Temperature (AVHRR -GAC)(AVHRR -GAC) Chlorophyll Chlorophyll (SeaWIFS - GAC)(SeaWIFS - GAC)

Sp

rin

g B

loom

Sp

rin

g B

loom

Sp

rin

g B

loom

Sp

rin

g B

loom

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Regional Regional Time- Series Weekly Composites Time- Series Weekly Composites

North B

asin

North B

asin

South Basin

South Basin

SubPolar FrontSubPolar FrontSubPolar FrontSubPolar Front

NRL 7343 Nov’97

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 220.0

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

12.5

15.0

17.5

20.0

22.5

25.0

27.5

OCTAUGJUNAPRFEBDECOCTAUGJUNAPRFEB

South

Polar

North

AV

HR

R S

ST

(D

eg

re

es

C

)

Monthly Jan. 1998 - Oct. 1999

Time Series AnalysesTime Series Analyses

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 220.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

OCTAUGJUNAPRFEBDECOCTAUGJUNAPRFEB

South

SubPolar front

North

Se

aW

iF

S C

hl-a

(S

ea

DA

S)

Monthly Jan. 1998 - Oct. 19990 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 950

1

2

3

4

5

6

O S A J J M A M F J D N O S A J J M A M F J

South

Polar

North

Se

aW

iFS

C

hl-

a (S

ea

DA

S)

Weekly Jan. 1998 - Oct. 1999

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ssss ssss

O S A J J M A M F J D N O S A J J M A M FJ

South

Polar

North

AV

HR

R S

ST

(D

eg

re

es

C

)

Weekly Jan. 1998 - Oct. 1999

WEEKLY (HRPT)WEEKLY (HRPT)

SeaWIFSSeaWIFS

AVHRRAVHRR

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Differences in SST and Chlorophyll

March 24, 1998Julian: 083

Sea SurfaceTemperature

Chlorophyll

NRL 7343 Nov’97

SeaWIFS -CHL AVHRR - SST

March 31, 1998March 31, 1998

NRL 7343 Nov’97

May 21, 1999 SST and Chlorophyll May 21, 1999 SST and Chlorophyll

NRL 7343 Nov’97

StationsStationsNRL Reflectance NRL Reflectance CTD CTD Atmospheric Sounding Atmospheric Sounding SubPolar

FrontCruise track

SST 21 May, 1999

Bio-OpticsBio-OpticsCruise Cruise results: results:

May - June 1999 Stations 40 ASD –

remote sensing reflectance ac9 – flowthrough (10 sec) Sun Photometer (80)

- Shipboard receiving – 200 AVHRR - 25 SeaWIFS

NRL 7343 Nov’97

East Sea Cruise, HNRO0519 May - 3 June, 1999ASD Station Locations

1

2

3

45

6 7

8

21,229

10,1620

18,1911,17

14

13

1215

25

24

23

2627282930

3132

333435

363738

39

40

5

11

33

NRL 7343 Nov’97

NRL 7343 Nov’97

NRL 7343 Nov’97

East Sea -- Thermal/Bio-Optical Relationships

• Define region of interest

• Extract ROI pixels from SST (AVHRR) and chlorophyll (SeaWiFS) imagery - daily scenes and monthly composites

• Examine thermal/bio-optical relationships (scatter plots, image overlays)

• Examine temporal and spatial changes (time-series analysis, histograms)

North Basin

Subpolar Front

South Basin

KoreanCoast

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Subpolar Front -- May 21, 1999

CHL

SST

CHL > 2.0 g/l

SST

AVHRR and SeaWiFSCollected ~ 6 hrs apart

Chlo

rophyll

Chlo

rophyll

SST

SST

CHL > 2.0 g/l

NRL 7343 Nov’97

AVHRR SST AVHRR SST May 21, 1999May 21, 1999

AVHRR SSTAVHRR SSTMay 21, 1999May 21, 1999Cruise track Cruise track

129 130 131 132 133 13412

13

14

15

16

17

insitu sst

Y A

xis T

itle

X axis title

100 150 200 250 300 35013

14

15

16

17

sst_from_image

ss

t

X axis title

12

1

4

1

6 12

14

16

12

1 4

1

6 12

14

16 AVHRR SSTAVHRR SST

ShipFlow ThroughShipFlow Through

NRL 7343 Nov’97

SeaWIFS SeaWIFS AbsorptionAbsorption440440 (Arnone) (Arnone)

100 150 200 250 300 350

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

from image

a4

43

X axis title

0.10

0

.2

.3

SeaWIFS (atotal 440)

0 500 1000 1500 20000.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

a440

Y A

xis T

itle

X axis title

Flowthrough (atotal 443)

0.10

0

.2

0.3

NRL 7343 Nov’97

129 130 131 132 133 1341.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0 b555

b5

50

Distance (km)

100 150 200 250 300 350

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007 bb555 from image

bb

55

5

X axis title

SeaWIFS (bb550)

Flowthrough b550

NRL 7343 Nov’97

April 25, 1999 April 25, 1999 Week 17Week 17

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Summary Summary

- Time series of AVHRR- SST and SeaWIFS Bio-opticsTime series of AVHRR- SST and SeaWIFS Bio-optics-Movie Loops Movie Loops - Seasonal and regional trends Seasonal and regional trends - Spring / Fall BloomsSpring / Fall Blooms- Eddy Fields – scalesEddy Fields – scales

- Complex SST / Chlorophyll linkingComplex SST / Chlorophyll linking

- May Seasoar Cruise –May Seasoar Cruise –- Optical properties / absorption/ scattering and RRS Optical properties / absorption/ scattering and RRS - Characterization of SeaWIFS IOP Characterization of SeaWIFS IOP

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Korean Coast -- May 21, 1999

CHL SST SST SST

Chlo

rophyll

SST SST SST

CHL > 2.0 g/l

CHL > 2.0 g/l

NRL 7343 Nov’97

June 10, 1999- Week 23June 10, 1999- Week 23

NRL 7343 Nov’97

Subpolar Front -- April, May, June, 1999

April 21, 1999CHL > 2.0 g/l

SST

May 21, 1999

June 9, 1999

CHL > 2.0 g/l

Chlo

rophyll

SST

Chlo

rophyll

SST

Chlo

rophyll

SST

NRL 7343 Nov’97

COMPARISONS

No iteration

10 iterations

Japan East Sea

Decreased Chlorophyll Values

0.06 0.15 0.25

0.06 0.15 0.25