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LEVELS OF PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONGBSN LEVEL IV OF OLIVAREZ COLLEGE SY. 2011-2012
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of OLIVAREZ COLLEGE of Nursing
Sucat Rd, Parañaque City
In partial fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the Course
INTRODUCTION TO NURSING RESEARCH
Submitted by:
Javier, Jacquelyn A.
Galano, Aira Franchesca C.
LLoveras, Marian Gizelle Joy I.
Lomuardo, Patricia Ma. Goretti S.
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CHAPTER
I. The Problem and Review of Related Literature and Studies
i. Introduction
ii. Review of Related Literature
iii. Synthesis
iv. Theoretical Framework
v. Conceptual Paradigm
vi. Statement of the Problem
vii. Hypothesis
viii. Significance of the Study
ix. Scope and Delimitation
x. Definition of Terms
II. Methodology
i. Research Design
ii. Locale of the Study
iii. Sampling Technique
iv. Instrumentation
v. Data Gathering Procedure
vi. Statistical Analysis
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CHAPTER I
The Problem and Review of Related Literature and Studies
INTRODUCTION
Communication is the sending of information from one person to another. Communication can be
verbal, or it can be non-verbal. Communication can be positive or negative, effective or ineffective. It is very
important for parents to be able to communicate openly and effectively with their children. Open, effective
communication benefits not only the children, but every member of the family. Relationships between
parents and their children are greatly improved when there is effective communication taking place. In
general, if communication between parents and their children is good, then their relationships are good as
well.
Children learn how to communicate by watching their parents. If parents communicate openly andeffectively, chances are that their children will, too. Good communication skills will benefit children for
their entire lives. Children begin to form ideas and beliefs about themselves based on how their parentscommunicate with them. When parents communicate effectively with their children, they are showing them
respect. Children then begin to feel that they are heard and understood by their parents, which is a boost to
self-esteem. On the other hand, communication between parents and children that is ineffective or negativecan lead children to believe that they are unimportant, unheard, or misunderstood. Such children may also
come to see their parents as unhelpful and untrustworthy. (Kristin Zolten, 2006)
There are several types of communication conflicts that exist in parent-child relationships. (Ross W.
Greene, Ph.D., 2005) author of the parenting book "The Explosive Child," describes these maladaptivecommunication patterns. When parents and children engage in "speculation" they draw false conclusions
about one another's thoughts and intentions. "Overgeneralization" occurs when exaggerated conclusions are
formed. Parents or children may dwell on worst-case scenarios when engaging in "catastrophizing." Parents
should also avoid other types of ineffective communication, which include lecturing, criticizing, sarcasm,dishonesty, giving threats, and ignoring or minimizing the child's feelings.
This study however, will be focusing on the level of parent-child communication and, how it affects
the academic performance of their children. This study will discuss the different types of communication.
More once, aims to seek ways on how to improve the parent’s relationship with their children, vise-versa,
through survey of selected Level IV Nursing students in order to further explore the different factors in the
family that could affect the children’s performance. Several studies of related literature: The Impact of
Poverty on Children's Academic Achievement (Pearson Heath, 2009 edition, p. 192-194); The Effect Of
Socio-Economic Status (Jennifer Barry, 2005); Jeynes, W. H. (2005). Effects of parental involvement and
family structure have also been considered in order to reinforce the study.
In general, this study will identify of what is the level of parent-child communication and Academic
Performance among BSN Level IV new curriculum (CMO #14) of Olivarez College.
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Over the years, the investigators of the factors that influence academic performance of the students
have attracted the interest and concern of teachers, counselors, psychologist, researchers and school
administrators. The declining educational status and breeding of graduates with technical know-how have led
many researchers to study the different factors that affect a student’s performance at school. Indeed there aremany factors that could influence the academic performance of the students; among these factors include the
student’s internal state such as intelligence and state of health and the environmental factors such as the
facilities, availability of resources, societal influences and family or parental influences. Among these
factors, the home environment and the level of parent-child relationship indicate a great importance on
student’s academic performance.
Many researchers have conducted as to how much communication affect students performance at
school. In college, the new experience and pressures of this phase of family life can challenge the
relationship between the parent and the child. It is important to recognize the role of the parents in their
children’s education especially in college where 70% of the students spend their waking hours in school withtheir friends and teachers (Michigan Dept. of Education, 2011). Research show that family support is an
essential factor in their children’s academic performance. Educational failing is associated with lack of
parental involvement and parental interest in their children’s schooling. Family participation in education
was twice as predictive of student’s academic success as family socioeconomic status. Some of more
intensive programs had affects that were ten times greater than academic outcomes. Conversely, relationships
that are less positive and warm have been linked to less desirable outcomes.
The academic performance of one student includes study habits, grades class participation in
discussion, activity of level of understanding. Good grades and performance will identify that one student
excel and seriously studying while some student who are not studying maybe due to peer pressure, financial problem support, influence of this world and trend are some of the reasons why they failed.
This study sought to know why some student maintain their good grades but socioeconomic status is
poor while some student has poor grade but economic status is good and vice versa. This study will identify
what is the relationship of parent-child communication and academic performance of BSN Level IV in
Olivarez College why some student pass while others failed but in different socioeconomic support.
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Current changes in the American nuclear family, the impact of changes in family structure on children,
and a rationale for day care services are delineated in this literature review. The family modifications
examined are:
divorce
remarriage
single parenting
father absence
teenage parenting
extended families
Particular attention is given, respectively, to children's problems in the transition from an intact to a
remarried family, and to the impact of father absence on children's social, intellectual, and emotional
behavior. The history of day care provision in the United States is outlined, and different types of provisionare described. It is concluded from the review of literature that the traditional American family has changed
due to a rising divorce rate, lowered birth rate, increased numbers of women in the work force, altered male
and female roles, mobility in society, and other changes in economic and value orientations. Because of
changing family structures, child rearing patterns have also altered. Since traditional sources of support for
families with children are not readily available, new or additional support systems for families must be
found. Traditional family support systems may also need to be reviewed. (Kendall, Earline D., ED)
According to Sorensen effective communication skills are paramount to being a good parent. These
skills become even more important as your child matures. When a child is still very young, communication
will basically revolve around her physical needs. As a parent, you will be there to interpret those needs andfulfill them. However, as a child grows older, the communication patterns will shift, and you will be
expected to really listen and respond to needs that will demand more of your attention (Barbara Sorensen,
2010).
In a study conducted by Cheryl Starr in 2008, the type of family communication structure dictates the
quality of communication time. She identified the different types of family communication. Within the
parent-child communication process there are two main types of family communication structures. The
socio-oriented communication structure and the concept-oriented communication structure both offer
positive communication skills to the children being reared within those families. However, each of those
communication structures vary greatly. These two general dimensions produce four main types of familycommunication patterns. These patterns help guide children with situations they face in the world outside of
the family context.
In a socio-oriented family communication structure, children are directed to obey elders and seek a
harmonious relationship with others. This form of communication structure raises children in an environment
where they are taught to avoid controversy. Children in the socio-oriented communication structure do not
participate in the decision-making processes of the home. The children are taught not to argue with adults
and to give in on topics instead of risking offending others.
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Children from the concept-oriented communication family structure were taught that the problem itself
is the focus when dealing with a conflict instead of the people who create it. They are taught to weigh all of
the alternatives before making a decision and then they may argue the problem and use evidence when they
believe they are correct. The children are also taught not to be afraid of arguing or antagonizing others.
It is important to recognize the role of the parents in their children’s education especially in collegewhere 70% of the students spend their waking hours in school with their friends and teachers (Michigan
Dept. of Education, 2011). Research show that family support is an essential factor in their children’s
academic performance. Educational failing is associated with lack of parental involvement and parental
interest in their children’s schooling. Family participation in education was twice as predictive of student’s
academic success as family socioeconomic status. Some of more intensive programs had affects that were ten
times greater than academic outcomes. Conversely, relationships that are less positive and warm have been
linked to less desirable outcomes.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
The type of communication was adapted from the study of Cheryl Starr in 2008. The type of family
communication structure dictates the quality of communication time. Within the parent-child communication
process there are two main types of family communication structures. The socio-oriented communication
structure and the concept-oriented communication structure both offer positive communication skills to the
children being reared within those families. However, each of those communication structures vary greatly.
These two general dimensions procedure four main types of communication patterns. These patterns help
guide children with situations they face in the world outside of the family context.
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CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
a) Type Of
Family
b) Family
Economic
Status
Self - madeSurveyQuestionnaire
To determine the
level of parent-child
communication
and academic
performance
among BSN Level
IV of Olivarez
College
1.Family
Communication
a. Socio Economic
Communication
b. Concept Oriented
Communication
Level of Parent-ChildCommunication andAcademicPerformance
FEEDBACK
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study will determine the Level of Parent-Child Communication and Academic performance
among BSN Level IV of Olivarez College.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions;
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
2.1 Type Of Family
2.2 Family Economic Status
2. How Parent-Child Communication is demonstrated by the respondents in terms of:
2.1 Socio Economic Communication
2.2 Concept Oriented Communication
3. What is the Academic Performance of the respondents in NCM 103-104 (new curriculum)?
4. Is there a significant relationship between Profile and Parent-Child Communication?
5. Is there a significant relationship between Parent-Child Communication and the Academic
Performance in NCM 103-104 (new curriculum)?
6. What could be an input for a propose student Development Program?
HYPOTHESIS
In pursuit of the research problems and to realize the objective of this study, the following hypothesis
were raised and tested;
NULL 1
There is no significant relationship between Profile and Parent-Child Communication.
NULL 2
There is no significant relationship between Parent-Child Communication and Academic
Performance.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study discusses the Level of Parent-Child Communication and Academic performance among
BSN Level IV of Olivarez College.
The result of the study will benefit the following:
The Teenagers/Students: to increase awareness on the different factors affecting their Academic
Performance and to be to improve their relationship with their Parents.
The Parents: to provide information on to what extent they should get involved with their children’s studies
in order to help them improve their performance in school. This will also increase their awareness on how
home environment could possibly influence their children’s education.
The Nursing Students: to gather new information that will further reinforce their knowledge on providing
health education to their patients with the problem alike and to further enhance their skills on handling their
studies based on the type of parental relationship they have.
The Clinical Instructors: to reinforce their teaching strategies in consideration of their student’s
relationship with their parents and to be able to maximize approach to their students based on the factors
aforementioned.
The School Administrations: to be able to include the parent-child relationship as one of the factors that
influences the quality of education and to render better programs considering this factor in order to improve
the standard of teaching and approach to their students.
The School Counselors: to help them conduct the most suitable psychological programs, training and
guidelines that will assist the college student’s academic performance.
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This research will only focus on the Level of Parent-Child Communication and Academic
performance among BSN Level IV of Olivarez College. The Academic Performance of the respondents is
measured through their average grade in NCM 103-104 from 1st
Semester of SY. 2011-2012.
Respondents are composed of Level IV Nursing students with a total population of 40 and who are
currently enrolled at the Olivarez College Sucat, Parañaque; therefore results are specific only to these
student’s or to those with similar demographics. However, only 30 was chosen to participate in the said
study, through these respondents are picked through purposive technique. The participants of the study are
only limited to the NCM 103-104 new curriculum.
Through a post-test survey, the study employed a two part self-made questionnaire as the data
gathering instrument. The research design used is a Qualitative-Descriptive-Correlational.
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Academic Performance - Measure through grades of respondents in NCM 103 & 104
Child - Biologically, a human between the stages of birth and puberty. The legal definition of “child”generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority.
Communication - Activity of conveying information. Communication has been derived from the Latin word
“communis” meaning to share. Communication requires a sender, a message and an intendent recipient,although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of
communication; thus communication can across vast distance in time and space. Communication requires
that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality.
Socio-Oriented Communication - In a socio-oriented family communication structure, children are directed
to obey elders and seek a harmonious relationship with others. This form of communication structure raiseschildren in an environment where they are taught to avoid controversy. Children in the socio-oriented
communication structure do not participate in the decision-making processes of the home. The children aretaught not to argue with adults and to give in on topics instead of risking offending others.
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Concept-Oriented Communication - Children from the concept-oriented communication family structure
were taught that the problem itself is the focus when dealing with a conflict instead of the people who create
it. They are taught to weigh all of the alternatives before making a decision and then they may argue the
problem and use evidence when they believe they are correct. The children are also taught not to be afraid of
arguing or antagonizing others.
Level IV Nursing Students - nursing students who are in their 4rth academic year who are currently taking
up NCM 103-104; refers to the population of this study.
Parent - is a caretaker of the offspring in their own species. In humans, a parent is a child (where “child”
refers to offspring, not necessarily age). Children can have one or more parents, but they must have two
biological parents. Biological parents consist of the male who sired the child and the female who gave birth
to the child. In all human societies, the biological mother and mother are both responsible for raising their
young. However some parents may not be biologically related to their children. An adoptive parent is one
who nurtures and raises the offspring of the biological parent s but is not actually biologically related to the
child. Children without adoptive parents can be raised by their grandparents or other family members.
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CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study is a type of Qualitative Descriptive Correlational Design. Since this study aims to relate
the level of parent-child communication to the academic performance of their children, the type of research
design is the most appropriate design of choice since it provides descriptive information about the population
and subjects of the study. Because this design is ideal for exploratory and correlation studies, the researchers
adapted this method in order to serve as guide or blueprint on to what is deemed appropriate to the objectives
of this research.
LOCALE OF THE STUDY
This study was conducted in Olivarez College - Sucat Parañaque. This place was chosen as the locale
of the study because the researchers are also studying in Olivarez College which makes it more convenientfor them. This venue was also chosen because of familiarity of the researchers to the place which allows
them to maximize the available resources and coordinate with the people involved in the research and to gain
easy access in carrying out the survey.
PARTICIPANTS
The participants of this study are compromised of Level IV Nursing students currently enrolled in the
Olivarez College SY: 2011-2012 of 1st
semester. The students belong in the new curriculum (CMO#14). The
total number of participants used in the study is 30 block sections.
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OLIVAREZ COLLEGE-SUCAT PARAÑAQUE
College of Nursing
QUESTIONNAIRE
Direction: kindly put a check on a box for your answer.
Part I
Types of family you are living with:
Nuclear Family - consists of only father, mother, child/children living in one roof.
Extended Family - a family that includes in one household near relatives in addition to a nuclear family
(eg. grandparents)
Single Parent -
Compound Type- two Single Parent type of families together. There goes what we call step-father/mother
and step-sisters/brothers.
Socio-economic status of your family a month:
10-15k
15-20k
20-25k
25-30k above
Part II
SOCIO-ECONOMC STATUS1 2 3 4 5
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OLIVAREZ COLLEGE-SUCAT PARAÑAQUE
College of Nursing
Dear Nursing Students:
Greetings!
Our group would like to seek your cooperation in accomplishing the survey questionnaire of the study
entitled “LEVEL OF PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCEAMONG BSN LEVEL IV OF OLIVAREZ COLLEGE SY. 2011-2012”
Please answer all questions honestly without leaving any items unanswered. Rest assured that your
responses will be treated with utmost confidentiality.
Thank you for your cooperation
The researchers,
GROUP 4 BSN-4
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