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Neuratron PhotoScore

Version 6

User Guide

®

www.neuratron.com

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Edition 1 1997, Edition 2 1998, Edition 3 1999

Edition 4, 5, 6 2000, Edition 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 2001

Edition 12 2002, Edition 13, 14, 15 2003

Edition 16, 17 2005

Edition 18 2006

Edition 19, 20 2007Edition 21 2009

This User Guide was written by Martin Dawe and Ben Finn.

Published by Neuratron Limited.

Neuratron PhotoScore was written by Martin Dawe, Richard Cheng, David Dawe,

Andrew Hills, Chunhua Hu, Graham Jones and Tristan McAuley.

The handwritten music recognition engine was written by Anthony Wilkes.

PhotoScore image designed and modeled by Zara Slevin.

Neuratron PhotoScore Copyright © 1995 – 2009 Neuratron Limited

Neuratron PhotoScore User Guide Copyright © 1997 – 2009 Neuratron Limited

OCR (Text recognition) and Linguistic technology by Image Recognition Integrated

Systems S.A. © 2000 I.R.I.S. S.A. All rights reserved

All rights reserved. This User Guide may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, recording,

mechanical, photocopying or otherwise - in whole or in part, without the prior

written consent of the publisher. Although every care has been taken in thepreparation of this User Guide, neither the publisher nor the authors can take

responsibility for any loss or damage arising from any errors or omissions it may

contain.

Neuratron, PhotoScore, PhotoScore Ultimate, PhotoScore Lite, neuratron.com,

photoscore.com, musicscanning.com, musicocr.com, scorerecognition.com, and

Recognizing Intelligence are all registered trademarks or trademarks of Neuratron

Ltd. Sibelius is a registered trademark of Avid Technology, Inc. Espressivo is atrademark of Avid Technology, Inc. Dolet is a trademark of Recordare LLC. Finale is a

registered trademark of MakeMusic Inc. iTunes is a registered trademark of Apple

Computer, Inc. Windows Media Player and DirectX are trademarks of Microsoft

Corporation. Footime is a trademark or registered trademark of Bili, Inc. All other

trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

All specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

Remember, it is illegal to scan copyrighted music without the owner's permission.

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CONTENTS HOW TO USE THIS USER GUIDE ....................... 7

INSTALLATION .......................................................... 7

Requirements ............................................................... 7

Installing Neuratron PhotoScore .................................. 9

INTRODUCTION.............................................. 10

Suitable originals ........................................................ 10

Handwritten music (Ultimate version only) ............... 11

Copyright music ......................................................... 11

Lite version users - Important information ................ 12

GETTING STARTED ......................................... 13

Screen resolution and colors ..................................... 13

The three stages ........................................................ 13

1. SCANNING .................................................. 14

The three scanning interfaces ................................... 14

Scanning a page of music ......................................... 16

Scanning summarized ................................................ 18

Scanned page catalog ............................................... 19

Scanning hints ............................................................ 19

Longer scores ............................................................ 20

Opening .bmp & TIFF files ......................................... 20

Opening PDF files ...................................................... 20

2. READING .................................................... 22

Reading and the Pages Pane ..................................... 22

What PhotoScore reads (printed music) ................... 24

What PhotoScore reads (handwritten music) ........... 25

3. EDITING .................................................... 26

What to correct .......................................................... 28

Checking for mistakes ............................................... 28

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Mouse and keys ......................................................... 28

Selecting..................................................................... 29

Multiple selections ..................................................... 29

Position of markings .................................................. 29

Re-reading a page ...................................................... 30

Re-scanning a page .................................................... 30

Deleting a page .......................................................... 30

EDITING RHYTHM & KEY SIGNATURES .......................... 30

The bad timing navigator (not Lite version) ............... 31

Initial time signature ................................................... 31

Pick-up (upbeat) / irregular bars ................................. 32

Key signatures / transposing instruments ................. 32

Altering note-values ................................................... 33

Inserting notes/rests .................................................. 33

Deleting notes/rests ................................................... 33

Attachment ................................................................. 34

Inserting barlines ........................................................ 34

Two or more voices ................................................... 34

Grace-notes and cue notes ........................................ 35

Editing hints ............................................................... 35

EDITING OTHER MARKINGS ........................................ 35

Copying markings ...................................................... 35

Deleting markings ...................................................... 36

Accidentals and articulation marks ............................ 36

Barlines ....................................................................... 36

Beams ........................................................................ 36

Clefs ........................................................................... 36

Codas and Segnos (not Lite version) ......................... 36

Cross-staff notes (not Lite version) ............................ 37

Fingering (not Lite version) ........................................ 37

Guitar Chord Diagrams & Symbols (not Lite version) 37

Instrument names ...................................................... 38

Multirests ................................................................... 38

Ornaments (not Lite version) ..................................... 38

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Pedal markings (not Lite version) .............................. 39

Pitch ........................................................................... 39

Repeat endings (not Lite version) .............................. 39

Slurs / hairpins (not Lite version) / ties ...................... 39

Text (Lite version – tempo text only) ......................... 40

Triplets and tuplets (Lite version – triplets only) ....... 41

READING HANDWRITTEN MUSIC ................... 42

Capabilities ................................................................. 42

Scanning ..................................................................... 43

Describing the handwriting style ............................... 43

AFTER PHOTOSCORING .................................. 46

Reformatting and extracting parts (not Lite version) 46

Transposing ................................................................ 47

Printing (not Lite version) ........................................... 47

Playing ........................................................................ 47

Saving ......................................................................... 49

Saving PhotoScore (.opt) files .................................... 49

Saving MusicXML & NIFF files ................................... 50 Saving MIDI files ........................................................ 50

Saving Wave & AIFF files (not Lite version) ............... 52

Burning to audio CD (not Lite version) ...................... 53

Converting to MP3 (not Lite version) ......................... 54

Saving files containing rhythmic mistakes ................ 54

Saving page and system format ................................ 55

Saving multi-staff instruments ................................... 55

Saving Bitmap (.bmp) and TIFF files .......................... 55

CLEANING UP ......................................................... 57

Closing the output score ........................................... 57

Deleting unwanted scans .......................................... 57

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS ..................................... 59

Scanning takes a long time or won’t work ................ 59

Not all staves/systems are detected ......................... 59

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Reading takes a long time ......................................... 60

Music reads inaccurately ........................................... 60

Handwriting recognition problems ............................ 61

Warning messages .................................................... 61

If all else fails... ........................................................... 61

ADVANCED FEATURES .................................... 62

Choosing between scanners ..................................... 62

Scanning only one page............................................. 62

Adjusting detected staves/systems .......................... 62

Scan window options ................................................ 64

Omitted staves ........................................................... 64

Multi-staff instruments .............................................. 65

Instruments/staves introduced after the start ........... 65

Reading slurs / hairpins (not Lite version) / ties ........ 66

Reading appoggiaturas and cue notes (not Lite

v ersion) ....................................................................... 66

Reading text (not Lite version) ................................... 66

Performance mode .................................................... 67

PhotoScore preferences ............................................ 67

HANDWRITING STYLE FEATURES .................. 71

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS ................................. 75

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS ................................. 75

GLOSSARY ...................................................... 77

LICENSE AGREEMENT ......................................... 79

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•

Your computer should also have a reasonable amount of free hard

disk space - at least 40Mb and preferably rather more.

•

Sibelius users note: Although PhotoScore will work with Sibelius

version 3.0 and higher, it is recommended that you use Sibelius 5 or

higher as it has greatly improved PhotoScore importing capabilities.•

A scanner (probably connected to your computer via a USB, Printer

or SCSI port), and installed Mac OS X TWAIN driver software (it is

highly recommended

you visit your scanner manufacturer’s website

and download the latest version – also note that classic Mac OS

TWAIN drivers will not work). You may need to contact your scanner

manufacturer for information on installing a suitable TWAIN driver. If

a Mac OS X TWAIN driver is not available for your scanner, you will

need to scan using separate software, save suitable TIFF files, andopen these in PhotoScore.

Windows users

•

An IBM compatible Pentium III (or equivalent AMD processor) or

higher PC with at least 192Mb RAM - 256Mb if using Windows

2000/XP or 512Mb if using Windows Vista. If your computer has

less than 192Mb RAM, contact your supplier for a memory upgrade.

•

Windows 98SE/NT4SP6/Me/2000/XP/Vista

•

Adobe Reader® 6.0 or later should be installed to view PhotoScore’s

PDF help.

•

Your computer should also have a reasonable amount of free hard

disk space - at least 40Mb and preferably rather more.

•

Sibelius users note: Although PhotoScore will work with Sibelius

version 3.0 and higher, it is recommended that you use Sibelius 5 or

higher as it has greatly improved PhotoScore importing capabilities.

•

A scanner (probably connected to your computer via a USB, Printer

or SCSI port), and installed TWAIN or WIA driver software.

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INTRODUCTION

Neuratron PhotoScore is a printed and handwritten (Ultimate version

only) music recognition program - the musical equivalent of a text OCR

program.Scanning text is difficult for computers to do, and has only achieved

reasonable accuracy in the last few years. Music scanning is much

harder because of the more complicated range of symbols involved,

because of the complex two-dimensional ‘grammar’ of music, and

because some markings such as hairpins and phrase-marks are of a

variable shape and size.

The difficulty with scanning music or text is that by scanning a page, a

computer does not ‘understand’ it. As far as the computer is concerned,

scanning a page merely presents it with a grid of millions of black and

white dots, which could be music, text, a photograph or anything else.

The process of actually reading or interpreting music, text or pictures

from this grid of dots is extremely complex. A large part of the human

brain, containing many millions of connections, is devoted solely to

solving this ‘pattern recognition’ problem.

For this reason, only a handful of music scanning programs have everbeen developed, and past attempts have generally been very inaccurate,

or unable to recognize many standard musical markings.

Neuratron has always been pushing the boundaries of this technology

with PhotoScore and has now made it the world’s first and only dual

engine music scanning software. By combining the recognition results of

two independently developed recognition engines PhotoScore’s accuracy

is much greater than twice that of each engine alone!

PhotoScore is able to read virtually all markings on a page and is the only

product available capable of reading guitar tab and percussion staves.

As a reflection of Neuratron’s commitment and leadership in this field,

we have worked incredibly hard to make PhotoScore the world’s first and

only program designed and capable of recognizing scanned handwritten

music.

Suitable originals

PhotoScore is designed to read originals that satisfy the following criteria:

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•

fit on your scanner (i.e. the music itself is typically no larger than

Letter/A4 size, though the paper may be slightly larger)

•

have a staff size of at least 1/8” (3mm)

•

are reasonably clear - for example, staff-lines should be continuous

and not broken or blotchy, half-note (minim) and whole-note(semibreve) noteheads and flats should have a continuous

circumference and not be broken or filled in, beams on sixteenth-

notes (semiquavers) and shorter notes should have a significant

white gap in between, and markings which are meant to be separate

(e.g. noteheads and their preceding accidentals) should not overlap

or be blotched together.

Music which does not match the above will probably work, but with

reduced accuracy.

Scanning from photocopies is not recommended unless the photocopier

is a particularly good one, as photocopying tends to degrade the quality

of an original significantly. You may be obliged to scan from a reduced

photocopy if your original is bigger than your scanner, but you should

expect lower accuracy.

Handwritten music (Ultimate version only)

PhotoScore Ultimate is the world’s first handwritten music scanningprogram and is a breakthrough in the field of computer recognition. A

wide range of handwriting styles are supported – an innovative interface

allows you to describe to PhotoScore the style of handwriting you are

scanning.

It should be remembered that recognition of handwritten music is an

incredibly difficult thing for a computer to do, and as yet there is not even

a system available that can read cursive handwritten text from a scanned

image with any accuracy, so this is an important and remarkable

technological breakthrough.

Important:

Please read the chapterReading Handwritten Music

to make

the most out of this exciting new technology.

Copyright music

You should be aware that by scanning music without permission you

could infringe copyright. The following are rough guidelines to when

copyright infringement might occur, but are not a full statement of thelaw:

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GETTING STARTED

Run PhotoScore using your preferred method (e.g. from the Finder or

Explorer

, or from Sibelius).

Unless it has been turned off (only possible on the Macintosh version),

you should see the following toolbar below PhotoScore’s menu bar:

Clicking these buttons is equivalent to selecting the menu items

File>Scan Pages…

(for scanning pages of music),File>Open

PDFs…

(for converting PDFs to music files), andFile>Open

(for

opening saved scanned images and PhotoScore files), respectively. Thethree buttons to the right correspond to the menu items

File>Preferences…

(for changing PhotoScore’s preferences)

Help>Neuratron PhotoScore Help…

(for PDF help), and

Help>Neuratron Web Site…

(for the Neuratron web site).

Screen resolution and colors

We recommend that you use PhotoScore on a display with a high screen

resolution, such as 1024 x 768 or 1280 x 1024. A display with at least

16-bit color quality is also recommended.

The three stages

There are three main stages when using PhotoScore – Scanning , Reading

and Editing :

1.

Scanning a page simply makes PhotoScore take a ‘photograph’ of

your original. It is also possible to open PDF files containing sheet

music.

2.

Reading is the clever bit - this is where PhotoScore ‘reads’ the

scanned pages to work out what the notes and other markings are.

3.

Editing is where you correct any mistakes that PhotoScore has

made. Editing within PhotoScore works in much the same way as

editing music in the music notation program Sibelius.

After doing the above, you will then be able to transpose, play-back, re-

format, extract parts, print, save your music for use in other music

programs and even burn your music to CD (not all features available inPhotoScore Lite) .

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1. SCANNING

Macintosh users

Important:

You need a Mac OS X TWAIN driver for your scanner model to

be installed on your computer if you wish to scan directly into PhotoScore(a classic Mac OS TWAIN driver will

not

work); otherwise it will not

recognize your scanner. If you intend to use theAutomatic

or

PhotoScore scanning interfaces (explained below), the driver

additionally needs to support Mac OS X Image Capture (ICA). It is highly

recommended that you check your scanner manufacturer’s website for

the latest driver and install this before attempting scanning with

PhotoScore. If a Mac OS X TWAIN driver is not available, you will need

to scan and save TIFF files from the software that came with yourscanner, and then import these into PhotoScore using File>Open….

The three scanning interfaces

Depending on how much control you need over scanner settings,

PhotoScore offers up to three different interfaces for scanning, depending

on the version of Mac OS X/Windows you are using and your scanner

software’s capabilities. Ensure your scanner software is installed and that

your scanner is powered on and connected to your computer and then

click Scanner Setup… from PhotoScore’s File menu to see the

interfaces available. The window should look something like this:

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Automatic scanning not Lite version)

If available (see requirements below), PhotoScore automatically selects

suitable settings for you and performs the scan immediately,

automatically cropping the image afterwards.

If your scanner takes a very long time to scan each page and you are notscanning handwritten music , tick the

Scan more quickly

check box and

PhotoScore will scan at a lower resolution (usually 200dpi instead of

300dpi).

PhotoScore interface

If available (see requirements below), PhotoScore’s interface allows you

to select the minimum height of the staves on the page(s) you are

scanning so that it can select the most appropriate resolution. If scanning

with a flatbed scanner (as opposed to a scanner with an automatic sheetfeeder) it also allows you to select the area of the scanner glass to be

scanned. This is useful, for example, when scanning A5 books, where

more than one page may end up on the scanner glass, since PhotoScore

can only read one page per scan.

TWAIN interface

This is the ‘standard’ interface that you will often see when scanning with

other software. It generally allows more advanced scanner settings to beadjusted, for example the pixel type, brightness and contrast. This

interface is usually most useful when scanning very heavily or lightly

printed music so that the brightness setting can be adjusted accordingly.

Please note that PhotoScore only accepts scans made with a resolution

between 200 and 600 dpi, and with black & white (also known as b/w

document or 1-bit) or the recommended, more accurate, 256 grayscale

(also known as b/w photo or 8-bit grayscale) pixel types. Do not choose

color, 12-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit or 32-bit pixel types. Also ensure that anyscaling option is set to 100% or 1:1 to avoid resizing of the image before

PhotoScore sees it. Here are recommended resolutions depending on the

minimum height of staves and types of music you are scanning

(handwritten music should always be scanned at 300 dpi for the best

results):

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Staff-height/type Resolution

1/4” (6mm) or more 200dpi

3/16” – 1/4” (4-6mm) 300dpi

1/8” – 3/16” (3-4mm) 400dpi

Handwritten Music 300dpi

Requirements for the Automatic and PhotoScore interfaces:

Mac OS X: requires 10.3 or higher; Mac OS X TWAIN drivers supporting

Mac OS X Image Capture (ICA) and compatible with your scanner model

must be installed.

Windows

: generally requires Windows Me/XP/Vista with installed WIA

drivers compatible with your scanner model; if using earlier versions ofWindows some TWAIN drivers will also allow this feature. However if a

message pops up saying your scanner is not fully TWAIN compliant or

other problems occur, you should choose theTWAIN

interface instead.

Once you have selected your preferred scanner interface, ensure your

scanner is the one selected in the drop-down menu or TWAIN scanner

selection dialog (whether you are able to choose from a drop-down menu

or the TWAIN scanner selection dialog depends on the scanner driver

being used by PhotoScore).

The remaining options on the Scanner Setup dialog (which is also the

first pane in the PhotoScore preferences) are explained in the PhotoScore

preferences section of Advanced features.

Scanning a page of music

For your first scan, try a page or two of simple keyboard music or

something similar. Please note, some of these instructions only apply

when using a flat bed scanner without an automatic sheet feeder – if

using an automatic sheet feeder (it is likely you will know if you have

one), follow the instructions supplied with your scanner for information on

page placement):

1 Put the page of music (the ‘original’) into your scanner, facedown and

with the top of the page pointing away from you.

Put one edge of the original flush against the raised edge of the

glass. You can put the page on its side if it fits better. PhotoScorewill automatically rotate the page by 90 degrees if necessary.

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However you should normally align the top of the page with the left

edge of the scanner to ensure it does not turn out upside-down.

Don’t worry though if it is scanned the wrong way up as it is easy to

correct later on.

If you are scanning in gray, then the page does not need to be

completely straight - PhotoScore will automatically make the page

level without loss of detail. It will not be rotated if scanning in black

& white, as this would result in loss of detail, thus giving less

accurate recognition results.

2 Click Scan Pages… from PhotoScore’s File menu or the toolbar.

3

What happens now depends on the interface selected in

File>Scanner Setup…:

Automatic scanning interface: (not Lite version):

Your scanner should start working almost immediately (although it

may take some time to warm up if it has not been used for a while).

PhotoScore

interface:

Click Select region to scan (not available if using an automatic

sheet feeder) to make PhotoScore take a quick scan of the whole

scanner glass area. Once the scanned ‘preview’ of your page of

music appears, use the mouse to click and drag out the region you

wish to have PhotoScore read. To adjust an existing region, click and

drag its edges. Then, click Scan selected region in the toolbar to

return to the original dialog box, shown above. Your selected region

will be used for all future scans made using the PhotoScore interface, until this region-selecting process is repeated.

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Finally, choose the minimum height of the staves you are scanning

and click Scan. Click Cancel if you have changed your mind and no

longer wish to scan.

TWAIN interface:

Select the appropriate region (there is usually a ‘preview’ button),resolution, pixel type, brightness settings etc. for your scan (consult

the scanner’s user guide to find out how, since the interface varies

from scanner to scanner) and then click the button marked Scan (or

equivalent).

4

After a moment, the scanner will whir into life and transfer the page

to your computer. (If this doesn’t happen, see Possible problems.)

If you are scanning from a fairly thick book, gently press down the lid

(or the book if easier) during scanning to keep the page flat on theglass.

5

Unless using theAutomatic scanning

interface, a dialog box will

appear for you to enter a name for the page, which will be something

likeScore 1, Page 1

by default. You can change this to any name

you like - something likePiano p1

would do - then clickOK.

Subsequent pages you scan will be automatically numbered e.g.

Piano p2, and a dialog box will not appear.6

Wait a few seconds while PhotoScore makes the page level, adjusts

the brightness, and locates the staves.

7 PhotoScore will now be ready to scan the next page, possibly after a

prompt to wait for the scanner to stop whirring, so put the second

page of music in the scanner, click on theScan

(or equivalent)

button and proceed as for the first page. If the scanning interface

does not reappear, clickScan Pages…

from PhotoScore’sFile

menu or toolbar again.

8

Continue until you have scanned all the pages that you want to scan.

Scanning summarized

Once you’ve scanned a few pages you’ll rapidly get into the routine of it.

The procedure can be summarized as follows:

1

Place page in scanner

2 Click Scan Pages… from PhotoScore’s File menu or toolbar

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3 If not using the Automatic scanning interface, choose the staff-

height or resolution, and if using the TWAIN interface, whether to

scan in shades of gray b/w photo (recommended), or black and

white b/w document

4 If not using the Automatic scanning interface, click Scan or the

equivalent

5

If not using theAutomatic scanning interface, enter page name (or

leave the default name)

6

Go on to next page

Scanned page catalog

It’s important for you to understand that whenever you scan a page,

PhotoScore adds it to a ‘catalog’ of scanned pages to be read later. You do not need to save scanned pages or the catalog – they are

stored on your hard disk automatically.

This means that whenever you start PhotoScore, it still remembers

any pages you scanned previously. You can and should delete pages

that you no longer need to keep; we’ll tell you more about this

catalog later.

The catalog can be viewed in the pages pane (described at the start

of the next chapter).

Scanning hints

•

If you want to read a page of music smaller than the size of your

scanner, you should make sure that only that portion is scanned.

If you are using the TWAIN interface, then you will need to read the

supplied TWAIN driver documentation on how to scan only part of a

page. This usually involves use of a ‘preview’ feature if available.

•

Ensure that all of the music on the page you are scanning is on the

glass of the scanner, and that no music from the facing page is

scanned. It doesn’t matter if your original is larger than Letter/A4, so

long as the music itself will fit onto Letter/A4.

•

If you are scanning a page that is smaller than Letter/A4 size, it

doesn’t matter where on the glass you position the original.

However, it helps if you put the edge of the page flush against the

edge of the glass, to ensure that it’s straight.

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If the first page you are scanning has page number 3 (say) printed on

it rather than 1, it will be least confusing if you name the page (say)

Piano p3

rather thanPiano p1

.

•

If you are scanning a small music book then you may be able to fit a

double-page spread (two facing pages side-by-side) on the scannerglass, but don’t try this - PhotoScore can only read one page at a

time. Scan each page separately.

•

For simplicity, we recommend that you scan all the pages in a piece

of music before reading them all. You are allowed to scan a page,

then read it, then scan another and so on (see Advanced features),

but we don’t suggest you try anything like this until you are proficient

with PhotoScore.

Longer scores

If you want to scan a score of more than a few pages, scan and read a

sample page first to verify that the scanner and other settings are

correct.

If you use the first page as a sample page and it reads correctly, there

will be no need to re-scan it. Continue scanning from the second page;

you will find that when you have scanned and read all the pages, they will

have been added in the correct order after the first page.PhotoScore can scan scores of up to 400 pages (Lite version – 20

pages) , though for scores of 40 pages or more you are strongly advised

to split them into separate pieces, songs, movements or other

convenient sections, and scan, read and edit each section separately.

Opening .bmp & TIFF files

PhotoScore can open TIFF and .bmp (Windows only) files. This is useful if

your scanner is on a separate computer from PhotoScore as you can scanand save files and transport them to the PhotoScore computer for

opening. Open these files fromFile>Open…

ensuring that the

appropriate file type is selected in theFiles of type

drop-down menu.

The files must be scanned at a suitable resolution and be black & white (2

color) or 256 shades of gray. Multiple files may be selected and opened

at the same time. TIFF files containing multiple images may be opened.

Opening PDF files

It is possible for PhotoScore to open and read PDF files. You should

ensure that Ghostscript v8.15 or higher is installed on your computer first

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as this is required to do much of the hard work. This is automatically

installed with the Mac OS X version, and is optional for the Windows

version. Read about Ghostscript at www.ghostscript.com.

Open PDF files from File>Open PDFs…. PhotoScore will ask you what

resolution you want to open the file at (the default of 300 dpi is usually

sufficient) and then proceed to open all pages in the PDF file. If the file is

protected, PhotoScore will also prompt for you to enter a suitable

password. Hold downEscape

if you want to stop PhotoScore opening

the file. Multiple files may be selected and opened at the same time.

Afterwards, the pages can then be PhotoScored just as if they had been

scanned in.

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2. R EADING

As mentioned earlier, just scanning a page simply presents the computer

with a grid of millions of black and white dots, which as far as it is

concerned could be anything from text to a photograph.‘Reading’ the music is the clever bit, where PhotoScore works out from

the scan where and what the notes and other markings on the page are.

Reading and the Pages Pane

You should see the pages pane (below) at the left of the screen. If not,

you can view it by selectingView>Toggle Pages Pane

. Alternatively,

resize it by double-clicking or clicking and dragging its right edge.

Note: If you used PhotoScore 4 or earlier,this replaces the

Scanned pages

dialog

box that was available from theView

Pages

toolbar button and

View>Scanned pages…

menu item.

22

The pages pane is split into two main parts,

Pending Pages

andRead Pages:

Pending Pages

At the very top of this area you can choose

whether the next page to be read should

be read as printed or handwritten music

(not Lite version) . It is highly important that

you choose the correct option before

opening/scanning/reading pages otherwise

the recognition accuracy will be very poor.

Below this is the list of pages of music thathave been scanned in or opened from PDF, TIFF and BMP files and which

have not yet been read by PhotoScore. If you move the mouse over each

item you will see a thumbnail of the page. Clicking on the thumbnail or

double-clicking on the page name displays the original page in a window

to the right. This is useful for checking whether the page has been

scanned properly.

Whilst hovering over an item, theRead

check box at the right will

expand. If the checkbox is marked green this means it is waiting to be

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File>Close Score or clicking the small cross at the top right. Newly

read pages will then appear under a new blue score heading.

Moving the mouse over read pages will display the original scanned page

thumbnail on the left and also a representation of the output page on the

right.

Clicking on the left thumbnail displays the original page in a window to

the right and is useful for checking that PhotoScore has correctly located

the staves if the output looks strange. All staves should be boldly

highlighted in blue, with the correct number of stave lines shown, and all

staves within systems should be joined with a red line. For further

information, see the sections Adjusting detected staves/systems and

Scan window options

in the chapterAdvanced Features

.

Clicking on the right thumbnail displays the output page in a window tothe right, loading the relevant PhotoScore file if necessary. It will ask

whether you would like to save the current PhotoScore file if it hasn’t

already been, since it is only possible to have one PhotoScore file open at

a time.

Pages that have been read but not edited are shown with a * to the left

of the page name to remind you that any mistakes may not have been

corrected yet.

If a page name is drawn bold it means that that page is being displayed

on the right.

ClickingRemove

on a selected page in thePending Pages

area

deletes that page from your hard disk. If you do the same in the Read

Pages area, PhotoScore keeps the page for a week before permanently

deleting it. The page is listed only when the output score it is attached to

is open. In this case, Keep is displayed instead of Remove and can be

clicked to prevent deletion. This can be useful if you remove one or morepages but then discover or decide that more work is required on the

score.

What PhotoScore reads (printed music)

PhotoScore reads most musical markings, including:

•

Notes & chords (including stem direction, beams & flags), rests.

Ultimate version also reads grace and cross-staff notes.

•

Accidentals. Ultimate version also reads articulation marks

•

Clefs, key signatures, time signatures

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•

Systems, 5-line staves (normal and small), 6-line guitar tablature

staves, standard barlines. Ultimate version also reads 4- and, 1-,2-,

3- and 5-line percussion staves, double and repeat barlines

•

The format of the page, including the page size, staff size, margins,

and where systems end•

Ties. Ultimate version also reads slurs and hairpins. To switch on/off

slur, tie and hairpin reading, see Advanced features

•

Tuplets (Lite version – simple triplets only) . For PhotoScore to read

tuplets,Tuplets includes advanced rhythm detection)

must be

switched on (see Advanced features)

Ultimate version only:

•

Text including lyrics, dynamics, tempo, instrument names, title &composer, guitar chords, and note fingering. More details on text

reading are in Advanced features

•

Guitar chord diagrams. To switch on/off guitar chord diagram

reading, see Advanced features

•

Various other markings such as codas, segnos, ornaments, pedal

markings and repeat endings, see Advanced features

PhotoScore will ignore less common markings, including some lines such

as 8va , special noteheads and tremolos.

All of these markings can be added back to the score in music programs

such as Sibelius.

What PhotoScore reads (handwritten music)

PhotoScore can read the following handwritten markings:

•

Notes & chords (including stem direction, beams & flags,

augmentation dots), rests•

Accidentals

• Key signatures

•

Time signatures are calculated from the music (not specifically read)

•

Systems, 5-line staves, barlines

• Ties and slurs. To switch on/off tie and slur reading, see Advanced

features

•

The format of the page, including the page size, staff size, margins,and where systems end

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3. EDITING

As each page is read in the pages pane, PhotoScore’s interpretation of it

is added to a window called the output window on the right. Here you

can edit any mistakes that have been made.

Quick Editing Guide

• To select an object click on it so that it turns a different color. To

change the selected note within a chord hold downAlt

whilst using

the up/down cursor keys. To select a whole chord double-click in the

centre of one of its notes.

• Notes can be dragged up and down with the mouse or up/down

cursor keys.• To add a note click a note-value on the ‘keypad’ at the bottom right

of the window, then click on a staff to input the note at the pitch

where you click. The keypad button stays pressed down so you can

click more notes onto the staff. Input several notes, one above the

other, to make a chord. To stop creating notes, pressEsc to

deselect all the keypad buttons. A note can quickly be added to an

existing chord by selecting the chord and double-clicking in the

desired position.

• To edit notes: You can select a note and edit its stem-direction,

articulations, accidental, etc. just by choosing the relevant keypad

button. To edit a note’s length, choose a note-value on the keypad. A

flag or beam can also be chosen in this way. Type the left/right

arrows to move between notes.

• To add/edit rests

: To add rests, do the same as for adding a note, but

also click on the bottom left rest button in the keypad to convert thenote to a rest. Rests can be edited in the same way as notes.

• To see more exotic sets of symbols click the five buttons at the

top of the keypad.

•

To change the voice of a note or rest, click one of the buttons

marked1 2 3 4

at the bottom of the keypad (only voices 1 and 2 in

Lite version). Individual notes within a chord may be split into

different voices, and chords in different voices may be joined into

single chords in this way.

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• The keypad on the screen corresponds to the numeric keypad at

the right of your computer keyboard. Type these keys in preference

to using the mouse, as it’s much quicker. You can choose several

keys together (but type the note-value first), e.g. type4 . – /

to get a

dotted quarter-note (crotchet) with a tenuto and accent.

•

To copy and paste you can useXC or Ctrl+C andXV or

Ctrl+V respectively (clicking where you want to paste), but it’s

quicker to duplicate an object in a single action by selecting it,

pointing somewhere else and clicking with thez or Alt

key held

down. Try this with a note or some text.

• To delete selected objects

typeDelete

.

• To edit guitar tablature notes:

The fret number of a note can be

entered using the number keys.

• To edit other objects:

Most objects such as clefs, time signatures

and barlines can be changed by double- or right-clicking over them to

bring up an appropriate dialog box or menu.

• To create other objects:

You can create other objects (e.g. clefs,

time signatures) from theCreate

menu, which you can also get by

Ctrl

- (Mac) or right- (Windows) clicking. Choose an object from the

menu, and then click on the score to create it.• To reposition/resize objects:

Most objects can be moved around

the page by clicking and dragging. Some objects such as slurs and

hairpins can be resized in a similar manner by clicking and dragging

their left or right edges.

The top part of the window (with a slightly yellowish background) shows

you the original scanned page.

The large bottom part of the window (with a light-gray background)shows PhotoScore’s interpretation of the scan - that is, what PhotoScore

thinks the original reads. The accuracy of PhotoScore's interpretation

depends on several factors such as the quality of the original print, the

scanner's resolution, etc. Hence this part of the window is where

PhotoScore’s mistakes can occur.

If you cannot see the top part of the window, this means PhotoScore

cannot locate the original scanned page (for example if it has been

deleted); the whole output window will have a white background instead.

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At the top left of the window it says, for example, Page 1 of 7, and by

clicking on the arrows you can move through all of the pages that have

been read. It makes sense to edit the first page completely, then advance

to the second page and so on until the whole output score has been

edited. The magnifying glass icon zooms the page to fit the window;100

scales to 100%; 200 scales to 200%.

To the bottom right of the window is the keypad. This can be

repositioned using its title bar. It has two alternative layouts (one similar

to Sibelius’s, the other easier-to-use for most beginners) that can be

toggled by clicking the small double-arrow icon at its bottom right.

At the top right of the output window is a ‘full-detail’ view of the original

scan that shows the region the mouse pointer is currently over. This can

be moved and resized like a normal window. Both this and the keypadcan be removed by un-checking the appropriate options in the

View

menu.

There is aCreate

menu in the menu bar, which is similar to Sibelius’s

Create

menu. Editing features not appropriate for PhotoScore have been

omitted.

What to correct

The minimum amount of correction recommended before transferring theoutput score to another music program is to correct rhythmic and key

signature mistakes. Other mistakes such as pitch can usually be

corrected later. We recommend you work this way initially.

Once you are more proficient with PhotoScore, you can correct the music

completely in PhotoScore before sending it to another program. The

advantage of this is that you can spot errors by looking at the scanned

original on the screen instead of having to refer to it on paper.

Checking for mistakes

Check for mistakes by comparing the bottom part of the window with the

original scan at the top. The original scan display is continually updated to

show the region of the page the mouse is pointing at.

Avoid the temptation to compare the output page with the original music

on paper - it is almost always quicker to compare with the scan on the

screen.

Mouse and keys

Broadly speaking, you can:

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•

select and move markings using the (left) mouse button

•

copy markings usingz-click,Alt

-click or clicking with the middle

mouse button.

•

create markings using the Create menu

•

delete markings with Delete

•

edit notes and rests using the keypad.

Selecting

To select a marking:

•

Point at the marking so that it is highlighted with a purple box

•

Click with the (left) mouse button - the marking goes blue if in voice

1, green if voice 2, orange if voice 3 or purple if voice 4.It is also possible to move left and right to select different markings by

using the left and right arrow keys. Hold down Ctrl at the same time to

jump to the start of the current or next bar.

The purple box makes it easier to compare the top and bottom parts of

the output window, and also helps you select the intended marking when

the music is cramped.

Note that, in the bottom part of the window, only the staff where the

mouse cursor is currently located is highlighted in white. This staff

corresponds to the part of the scanned image displayed at the top of the

window.

Multiple selections

Note that you can select several markings at once by holding downX or

Shift, or by holding down the (left) mouse button and dragging a box

around the markings to be selected. You can then edit or delete all the

markings at once. This can save a lot of time. Alternatively you canselect further individual notes by holding downX or Ctrl, or a series of

notes by holding downShift

, and clicking.

It is also possible to select additional markings to the left and right by

holding down Shift whilst using the left and right arrow keys. Similarly

usexX or Ctrl+Shift

to select up to the start or end of a bar.

Position of markings

PhotoScore positions markings wherever it sees (or thinks it sees) themon the page. It does not attempt to re-layout the music. Hence

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PhotoScore is quite happy for markings to overlap, or not to align. You

can click and drag most objects left and right if they do overlap.

Note that it is possible to tell PhotoScore to reformat the entire score

(not Lite version) – see Reformatting and extracting parts in the chapter

AFTER PHOTOSCORING.

Re-reading a page

If you want to re-read a page, perhaps because you have adjusted the

recognition setting, double-click on the yellowish top part of the output

window to view the scan, then click on Read this page. You can also

choose where the resulting page is to end up in the output score by

clicking the small arrow immediately to the right ofRead this page

and

then choosing one of the options available.

Re-scanning a page

If you want to re-scan a page after reading it - perhaps if inadequate

scanner settings were used - double-click on the yellowish top part of the

output window to obtain the scan, then click onRe-scan

. After

scanning, clickRead this page

at the top of the window to re-read it.

Deleting a page

Selecting Edit>Delete page from the menu removes the currently

displayed page from the output score, which is useful if you accidentally

scanned the same page twice.

Don’t use this if you want to re-scan the page, as PhotoScore adds newly

scanned pages to the end of the output score rather than inserting them

in the middle. Instead, see Re-scanning a page (above).

EDITING RHYTHM & KEY SIGNATURES

Rhythm is the main source of errors because rhythms are harder to read

than pitch.

Sibelius users

Unlike Sibelius, PhotoScore does not ‘pad out’ bars with rests to make

sure they always add up because it is not always obvious from which

part of a bar the rhythm is missing.

Note that when you insert musical objects into a staff no extra space

appears for them, so the spacing may get a bit cramped – Don’t worry

about this, as the music is re-spaced when it is sent to Sibelius.

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If the View>Bad Timing menu item is ticked, any bar that apparently

has too few or too many notes in any voice is drawn with horizontal red

dashed lines above and below it and PhotoScore writes, in a color

appropriate to the voice, how much rhythm is missing or in excess. For

instance, if a bar appears to have an extra quarter-note (crotchet) plus a

sixteenth-note (semiquaver), PhotoScore will write a ‘+’ followed by apicture of a quarter-note (crotchet) and a sixteenth-note (semiquaver).

Conversely, if the bar is apparently a half-note (minim) short, it will write

a ‘-

’ followed by a picture of a half-note (minim). A notehead with a small

3 or 4 above it denotes a 1/32nd-note (demisemiquaver) or 1/64th-note.

A vertical red dashed line is drawn at the end of a staff if the end barline

is missing (whether intentionally or not). Unless a bar is split over staves,

barlines must be added to mark the end of the bar. If a bar is split overstaves, any rhythm warnings are only displayed on the latter staff.

The procedure to use when correcting rhythm is to first check that the

correct time signature is set. Then look at each bar highlighted with

horizontal red dashed lines, and correct the rhythm in each bar until the

red lines disappear. Once there are no horizontal red dashed lines left on

a page, you can be confident that it is rhythmically correct.

The bad timing navigator (not Lite version)

To help you locate and navigate to bars with bad timing within a score,

PhotoScore Ultimate provides a navigator that lists them. By default, the

bad timing navigator is located in the bottom-left of the PhotoScore

window and is displayed whenever a score is open. It can be

repositioned by clicking and dragging its title bar. If you cannot see the

navigator, click View>Bad Timing Navigator.

Clicking on each entry listed in the navigator will take you straight to that

bar in the score. When an entry is selected in the navigator, it ishighlighted in red and the red dashed lines above and below the bar in

the score become solid. If there are no bars in the score with bad timing,

the message No bad timing found is displayed.

Initial time signature

If there is no time signature at the start of the first output page

PhotoScore will assume a time signature of 4/4. So, if this is incorrect,

the first thing you should do is input an initial time signature.

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To do this, point over the output page and Ctrl-click (Mac) or right-click

(Windows) (this displays the same menu as clicking on Create) and

choose a time signature from the dialog box opened by clicking onTime

signature

. Common time signatures can be chosen, or you can create

your own.

Insert the time signature at the start of the score by carefully positioning

the blue pointer after the initial clef. If you get a purple box instead of a

dark blue line, the pointer is over a marking and you will not be able to

insert the time signature.

The same principle applies when placing any other marking - you can only

position markings where the dark blue vertical line appears. If you get a

purple box, the highlighted marking will be replaced with the new one

(unless there are two different types of marking involved, in which casenothing will happen).

If Tuplets includes advanced rhythm detection) (see Advanced

Features) is switched on, you may find a red time signature placed at

the start of the page. This is nothing to be alarmed about as it only

shows that PhotoScore could not find one on the page during reading,

and so guessed it. This can be edited or deleted just like any other time

signature.

Pick-up (upbeat) / irregular bars

Scores often start with a short bar, known as a ‘pick-up bar’ (‘upbeat

bar’) or ‘anacrusis’. Such irregular bars which do not add up to the time

signature need special consideration. It is necessary to insert two hidden

time signatures (there is a Hide check box in the Time signature

dialog). The first should be inserted at the beginning of the irregular bar

and should be of a value which matches the length of that bar. The

second should be the same value as the original time signature andshould be placed at the beginning of the following bar, so that timing

returns to normal.

Key signatures / transposing instruments

Make key signatures from theCreate

menu. The normal behavior is for

PhotoScore to create individual key signatures for each staff. If you wish

to create key signatures for all staves in a system (for example if there

are no transposing instruments), hold down X or Ctrl

when placing

them. Likewise, deleting in the usual way will remove individual key

signatures from a staff, whereas holding downX or Ctrl

when deleting

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will remove all key signatures from a system. You should always make

sure that there is a key signature on every staff in a system (or none on

any ) when adding or changing multiple key signatures at the same time -

otherwise other key signatures may be affected or duplicated.

Sibelius usersBeware that if a key signature has the correct number of sharps/flats on

one system but the wrong number on the next one, and you do not

correct it, the start of the latter system will be regarded as a key change

when the music is sent to Sibelius.

Sibelius v2 or higher users: When transferring a transposing score to

Sibelius, ensure thatThis is a transposing score

is checked in

Sibelius’sOpen PhotoScore file

dialog.

Altering note-values

To alter a note-value, simply select the note or rest in question, and then

use the keypad.

If several notes have the wrong note-value, bear in mind that you can

drag a selection box around them to select them all, and then correct

them all with a single key-stroke.

Inserting notes/rests

To insert a note somewhere, use the keypad. Alternatively, select

another note or rest of the same value and copy it where you want it to

go withz-click or Alt

-click.

If PhotoScore has overlooked a note/rest when reading the music, it will

just leave a gap. You can correct this by simply copying a note/rest into

this gap.

If you wish to quickly add a note to an existing chord, select the chord

and then double-click where you would like the new note to be added.

Deleting notes/rests

PhotoScore may sometimes mistake some other marking for a note or

rest, leaving you with an extra note or rest in a bar. To remove the

note/rest, simply select it and pressDelete

. You can select several

notes/rests for deletion by dragging a selection box around them first.

Because PhotoScore does not attempt to pad out bars with rests,

deleting a note simply removes it rather than turning it into a rest. Youcan explicitly turn a note into a rest by using the keypad if you like.

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Sibelius users

Unlike Sibelius, deleting a rest will not leave an invisible rest in its place,

so you needn’t worry about leaving invisible rests lying about.

Attachment

In the same way that the current staff is highlighted in white, whencreating or copying a marking, the staff that the marking will be attached

to is highlighted in white.

So when placing a note or other marking in between two staves, first

move the mouse up or down until the intended staff is highlighted, then

click.

Inserting barlines

Sometimes a bar will not ‘add up’ because PhotoScore has overlooked abarline, thus producing a double-length bar. To correct this, simply select

a barline from elsewhere on the page, and copy it into the gap where the

barline should be with z-click or Alt

-click. Alternatively you can

Control-click (Mac) or right-click and select a barline from the menu

that appears.

Two or more voices

When music is in two or more voices, PhotoScore marks eachnote/chord/rest with an appropriate color (blue, green, orange or purple

for voices 1 through 4). In the example below, the top notes are colored

blue (voice 1) and the bottom ones are green (voice 2).

To change the voicing of a selected note/chord/rest, press z1 or Alt+1

to put it into the first voice, z2 or Alt+2

to put it into the second

voice,z3 or Alt+3

for the third voice orz4 or Alt+4

for the fourth

voice. Alternatively you can use the keypad.

PhotoScore shows rhythmic mistakes for each voice independently in an

appropriate color for the voice at the end of the bar. Take care, when

correcting any rhythmic mistakes, that all voices end up with the correctnumber of beats in a bar.

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A common source of rhythmic errors is simply that one or more notes are

in the wrong voice. PhotoScore may assume that a bar with stems both

up and down is in two voices, when in fact it is only in one. You can

correct this by dragging a selection box over all the notes so they are

highlighted, then typingz1 or Alt-1 to put the notes into a single voice.

Grace-notes and cue notes

PhotoScore will often correctly recognize grace notes; however, it

assumes that they are cue notes and will therefore include them in the

rhythm of the bar.

Because of this, you are recommended to delete any grace-notes and re-

input them in a separate music program; otherwise bars with grace-

notes in will end up with the wrong number of beats.

Cue-notes, however, do contribute to the rhythm in a bar, so you can

leave these in.

Editing hints

If you make a mistake (e.g. by deleting the wrong marking) you can

‘undo’ this action by pressingXZ

or Ctrl+Z

. You can reverse an undo

(called ‘redo’) by pressingXY or Ctrl+Y. PhotoScore remembers, and

thus you can undo, up to the last hundred editing actions performed.

When you are proficient with editing rhythms, you can save time by not

bothering to fill in any rests that may be missing from the ends of bars.

This is because when a MIDI file is saved, or a score is sent to Sibelius,

any bars that are too short (according to the prevailing time signature)

will be automatically padded out with rests for you.

If you are PhotoScoring a long score, it is recommended for safety

reasons that you save your score to disk after editing each page.

EDITING OTHER MARKINGS

As mentioned earlier; you may want to edit other markings in another

music program rather than PhotoScore, particularly while you are still

learning to use PhotoScore. Therefore, if you like, you can skip this

section for the time being.

Copying markings

To copy a marking, simply select it, point elsewhere and click withz or

Alt

held down. You can copy almost any type of marking.

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Deleting markings

To delete any marking, simply select it and pressDelete

. Hold downX

or Ctrl

when deleting key signatures to remove all of them from a

system.

Accidentals and articulation marksThese can be applied to the selected note using the keypad.

Barlines

You can correct an incorrectly recognized barline by double- or right-

clicking over it and selecting the correct one from the menu that appears.

You can create special barlines from theCreate

menu.

Beams

You can alter the beaming of notes using the keypad.

Clefs

In general it is not assumed that an instrument retains the same clef

throughout a score, so the clef at the start of a staff can be wrong even if

it was correct on the previous staff. Should this occur, it is easily

corrected simply by double- or right-clicking over the faulty clef and

selecting the correct one from the dialog box that appears. Correcting a

clef to a percussion clef will correct every clef on the currently displayedpage for that instrument. The Clef dialog box can also be accessed from

theCreate

menu.

To insert a clef change in the middle of a staff, you can select and copy

the desired clef and paste it where you want the clef change.

PhotoScore will automatically draw it at the smaller size.

If you are rewriting music for an instrument that uses a different clef,

check Rewrite notes in the Clef dialog box to change all clefs for thatinstrument and adjust the positions of all notes on its staves accordingly.

Codas and Segnos (not Lite version)

You can create codas and segnos from theCreate>Symbol

submenu.

If a note or rest is not already selected, you must now click on a note or

rest to place it. A dialog box then appears, and you should type any text

to be associated with the coda or segno and click OK. Leave the text

blank to create the sign alone.

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To edit the text of an existing coda or segno, double- or right-click over it

so that the same dialog box as used when creating a coda or segno

appears. Enter the text and clickOK

.

When a coda or segno is selected (and Attachment is ticked in the

View menu), a dotted line is drawn between the coda or segno and the

note it is attached to. PhotoScore automatically reattaches codas and

segnos to the nearest note when they are added, dragged or when a

note is deleted.

It is possible to create a gap in a system (to mark a separate coda

section) by adding a coda barline from Create>Barline. The gap will be

from the previous barline.

Cross-staff notes (not Lite version)

To move a note to the staff above or below whilst keeping it as part of

the timing of its current staff, select it and choose one of the options

from theNotes>Cross-Staff Notes

submenu.

Because the staff it is moved to does not contain the timing of that note

(it remains as part of the original staff) you may need to add invisible

rests to make the bar’s timing add up (invisible rests pad out a bar’s

timing but are not printed). To do this, insert a rest at the appropriate

position. Then select it and choose Notes>Hide or Show Rests sothat it turns grey to show it is invisible.

Fingering (not Lite version)

You can create note fingering from theCreate>Text

submenu.

A dialog appears allowing you to enter up to five fingering values from

dropdown boxes.

Click OK to place the marking in the score. If a note is not already

selected, you must click on a note to place it. This marking can berepositioned by clicking it and dragging with the mouse, and can be

edited by double- or right-clicking over it.

Guitar Chord Diagrams & Symbols (not Lite version)

You can create guitar chord diagrams and symbols from theCreate

menu and theCreate>Text

submenu.

A dialog appears allowing you to add/edit the chord symbol text in the

top half and the diagram in the bottom half. Please note that PhotoScore

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does not synchronize the symbol and the diagram, so it is possible to

create a diagram and symbol combination that does not make sense.

If Show chord symbol is checked, then you can choose the chord, type

and bass components of the symbol from the drop-down menus.

If Show chord diagram is checked, it is possible to click on theappropriate strings and frets in the diagram to add finger position

markings. Click at the top of a string to alternate between open string

and silent. Click the arrows to the right of the diagram to adjust the

starting fret.

ClickOK

to place the marking in the score. If a note or rest is not already

selected, you must now click on a note or rest to place it. This marking

can be repositioned by clicking it and dragging with the mouse, and can

be edited by double- or right-clicking over it.

Instrument names

If the instrument names of the staves in each system are not written or

have not been read correctly, you can and should edit them to the names

of the actual instruments used in the score:

1

Locate the area to the left of any stave, where the instrument name

should be written, and double-click to open a dialog box.

2 Go through each instrument in the list, selecting it, clickingRename… and choosing the new name from the list of standard

instruments, or entering it manually.

If some systems in the original have staves missing, or if new

instruments or staves are introduced after the first system (e.g. where

strings divide), see Advanced features.

Multirests

You can create multirests from the Create>Bar Rest submenu. Choosethe number of bars you want the multirest to last for and click OK to

place the marking. Drag it horizontally to adjust its size.

Ornaments (not Lite version)

You can create ornaments (trills, mordents and turns) from the

Create>Symbol

submenu. If a note or rest is not already selected, you

must now click on a note or rest to place it. This marking can be

repositioned by clicking it and dragging with the mouse, and can beedited by double- or right-clicking over it.

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Pedal markings (not Lite version)

You can create pedal on and off markings from the Create>Symbol

submenu. If a note or rest is not already selected, you must now click on

a note or rest to place it. This marking can be repositioned by clicking it

and dragging with the mouse, and can be edited by double- or right-

clicking over it.

Pitch

You can correct pitches by dragging notes up and down, or by typing the

up/down arrow keys. We recommend using the arrow keys where

possible, as the mouse can be more difficult to accurately position notes

with.

If a chord has a notehead missing, select the chord and double-click

where you want to add it. Alternatively select another notehead in the

same chord and copy it with z-click or Alt

-click to where you want to

add it.

Note that you can’t alter the vertical position of rests, but this is a fairly

rare requirement anyway. You can always adjust their position later on in

another music program if necessary.

Repeat endings (not Lite version)

You can create repeat endings using the Create>Line>Repeat

Ending

menu item. If a note or rest is not already selected, you must

now click on a note or rest to place it. A dialog box then appears, and

you should type the repeat ending number and click OK.

To edit the repeat ending number, double- or right-click over it so that the

same dialog box as used when creating a repeat ending appears. Enter

the number and clickOK

.

Click and drag at the left-hand side of a repeat ending marking to move itto a different bar. To edit the number of bars it covers move the cursor

just to the right of its left-hand side so that the cursor becomes a

horizontal line with arrows at each end and then click and drag left or

right.

Slurs / hairpins (not Lite version) / ties

Make slurs using theLine

submenu found in theCreate

menu. After

selecting the position of the slur, if a note is not already selected, you

must click on a note to place it. Selecting multiple notes in a passage

before creating a slur causes a slur to be created for the length of the

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selection. The start and end position of a slur can be adjusted by clicking

near the ends of the slur and dragging with the mouse. The curvature can

be adjusted by clicking and dragging near the centre of the slur.

Make hairpins using the Line submenu found in the Create menu. After

selecting the direction of the hairpin, if a note is not already selected, you

must click on a note to place it. The start and end position of a hairpin

can be adjusted by clicking near the ends of the hairpin and dragging with

the mouse.

When a hairpin is selected (and Attachment is ticked in the View

menu), a dotted line is drawn between the hairpin and the note it is

attached to. PhotoScore automatically reattaches hairpins to the closest

notes when they are added, dragged or when a note is deleted.

Add/remove ties by selecting the appropriate start note and using thekeypad. The curvature can be adjusted by clicking and dragging near the

centre of the tie.

Text (Lite version – tempo text only)

You can create text from theCreate menu. The top half of the Text

submenu contains text types that can be attached to notes or rests (staff

text) . The bottom half contains types that can be attached directly to the

page (page text) . Select the text type to be placed. If you are addingstaff text and a note or rest is not already selected, you must now click

on a note or rest to place it. A dialog box then appears into which you

can type the text.

To edit existing text, double- or right-click over it so that a dialog box

appears. The top part of it allows you to change the style of the text

(between say, Lyrics and Expression ). The middle part allows you to edit

the text itself, and the bottom part shows you what effect this text will

have on saved MIDI files and playback. If you would like the text tocontain a note symbol (e.g. for a metronome mark), click one of the

buttons next toSymbols:

. It is also possible to choose whether the text

should be bold, italic, underlined, or hidden (hidden text is displayed in

grey and does not appear in printouts). Then clickOK

.

If you wish to edit many occurrences of the same text, you can choose

Edit>Find and Replace…

or type XF or Ctrl+F

(not Lite version) .

UnderFind what

in the dialog box that appears, type the text that

PhotoScore should search for and, if necessary, choose a specific style

(e.g. lyrics) from the drop-down menu. If you would like PhotoScore to

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only search for text written in the same case or for whole words only,

check Match case or Find whole words only. Under Replace with,

type the replacement text and select the replacement style or choose

Keep existing

. Then clickFind next

to find each occurrence of the

mistake,Replace

to correct the currently selected one, orReplace all

to replace every occurrence in one go.

When text that is attached to notes or rests is selected (and

Attachment

is ticked in theView

menu), a dotted line is drawn

between the text and the note it is attached to. PhotoScore

automatically reattaches text to the nearest note when it is added,

dragged or when a note is deleted.

More details on text reading can be found in Advanced features.

Triplets and tuplets (Lite version – triplets only)

Before creating a tuplet, the duration of the first note to be included

needs to be set equal to the unit length of the tuplet. For example, the

unit length of a triplet lasting the duration of a half-note (minim) is one

quarter-note (crotchet) and the unit length of a duplet lasting a dotted

quarter-note is one eighth-note (quaver). If you wish the duration of the

first note to be different from the unit length, you must change its length

after the tuplet has been created. To create the tuplet, either

1) Click on the first note to be in the tuplet and type Xn or Ctrl+n

where n is the number displayed over the notes, or

2) ChooseTuplet

from theCreate

menu. You can then either enter a

single number, or a ratio in the form n:p , where n notes are played in the

time of p . You can also choose whether a bracket should be displayed,

plus adjust the brackets on all tuplets in a score and in future scores. In

the output window, if the tuplet ratio is not 'standard', the ratio will be

written instead of a solitary number.It is also possible to click and drag tuplets to alter their vertical position.

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R EADING H ANDWRITTEN MUSIC (Ultimate version only)

PhotoScore Ultimate is the world’s first handwritten music scanning

program and is a breakthrough in the field of computer recognition. A

wide range of handwriting styles are supported. In part, this is due to an

innovative interface through which the handwriting style can be

described to PhotoScore (seeDescribing the handwriting style

below).

Once you have finished editing the output score, quickly and easily

reformat it for publishing by using PhotoScore’sRescore

feature (see

Reformatting and extracting parts

in the chapterAFTER

PHOTOSCORING

).

It should be remembered that recognition of handwritten music is anincredibly difficult thing for a computer to do, and as yet there is not even

a system available that can read cursive handwritten text from a scanned

image with any accuracy, so this is an important and remarkable

technological breakthrough.

Important: EnsureRead as Handwritten Music

is selected in the

pages pane (see chapter2. READING

) or PhotoScore preferences (see

chapterADVANCED FEATURES

) and ensure that a suitable style is

selected before attempting to read handwritten music.

Capabilities

Currently PhotoScore is capable of reading the following handwritten

musical symbols:

•

Notes & chords (including stem direction, beams & flags)

•

Rests, augmentation dots (single and double)

•

Sharps, flats, and naturals•

Key signatures

•

Slurs and ties

•

Barlines, 5-line staves, systems of staves

•

The format of the page, including the page size, staff size, margins,

and where systems end

Clefs and time signatures are not read but calculated from the music and

automatically added by PhotoScore. Systems of staves can be read solong as the linking barline at the beginning of each line of music has been

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43

drawn. Tuplets/triplets are not read but are calculated from the music

and automatically added by PhotoScore. They can also be manually

added after the score has been read (see chapter3. EDITING

).

Scanning

Best results are obtained from a clear, well-contrasted, 8-bit grayscalescan. If you find that a page, once scanned into PhotoScore, appears

overly black or smudgy, or that the lines are thin and broken you can try

scanning in 1-bit black & white and adjusting your scanner’s brightness,

contrast and black-to-white threshold settings manually. We recommend

that you scan at a resolution of 300dpi. Once you have gained experience

with PhotoScore, you may find better results at other resolutions but for

most music 300dpi is ideal.

Describing the handwriting style

Before scanning handwritten music it is important to tell PhotoScore the

style in which it is written.

WhenRead as Handwritten Music

is selected in the pages pane, the

name of the handwriting style that PhotoScore is currently set to read is

shown beneath it. Click on the style name to change the selected style.

A dialog box opens containing an example of music written in the

currently selected style. Choose a different style by clicking on the drop-down menu next to

Style:

and selecting it from the menu. The example

will update automatically. ClickOK

to use that style,Edit…

to change

any of its features (such as the stem length, notehead type, or spacing),

or New… to create a new style from it. To delete the currently

displayed style, click Remove. The styles in angle brackets (such as

<Basic>) cannot be edited or removed and are included with

PhotoScore to provide a starting point for creating new styles.

Clicking Edit… or New… will open a second dialog box in which the

name and features of the style can be adjusted. It should look something

like this:

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The name of the style can be edited next toDescription:

. Beneath is a

visual representation of the style and below that is a drop-down menu

containing groups of handwriting style ‘features’ that can be adjusted.

Further below are the features themselves.

To change a feature (e.g.Size

), click to select one of the options in

rectangular boxes to the right of it (e.g.Small

,Medium

, orLarge

).

Selected options are highlighted in blue. The example image will update

accordingly for most features.

To view a different group of features, click on the drop-down menu and

choose another one.

The first group of handwriting features is called the Presets and is

different from the rest since each option presets a number of features in

the other groups (Noteheads, Accidentals, etc). These features

represent broad characteristics of a handwriting style such as its size,

spacing, slant, and smartness. When creating a new style, we

recommend adjusting the Presets before making more detailed changes

in other groups.

Note that if aPresets

option is highlighted in a darker shade of blue, one

or more of the features it presets has been adjusted.

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For a table describing the handwriting style features and some of the

various options available, see the reference chapterHANDWRITING

STYLE FEATURES

at the back of this guide.

Once the style matches the handwriting style of the scores you wish to

PhotoScore, click Apply to keep the changes. Alternatively, click Cancel

to lose any changes. Finally, click OK in the Select handwritten music

style

dialog box and scan/open the handwritten music as normal.

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AFTER PHOTOSCORING

Once you have scanned the score in, and the pages have been read and

edited, you can reformat it, extract parts, transpose, print, playback

and/or save the music for use in other music programs. In addition youcan send the music directly to Sibelius and even create files suitable for

burning to an audio CD.

Reformatting and extracting parts (not Lite version)

Important:

All bad timing errors must be corrected before using either of

these features (for instructions on how to do this, seeEditing rhythm and

key signatures

in chapter3. EDITING

). We also recommend correcting

any other errors first as these features create a new score that is notattached to the pages it was originally scanned from.

When creating the output score, PhotoScore automatically keeps to the

format of the scanned pages. If the original score was poorly laid out

(e.g. with notes or staves squashed together) or was written by hand,

you can quickly improve the formatting by choosingNotes>Rescore…

and clickingOK

to theRescore

dialog box that appears. You will then

be given the opportunity to save the score with its original formatting (if

necessary) before the newly-formatted copy is created.

If you wish to reformat the score for a different page size or change it

from portrait to landscape or vice-versa, choose from the options under

Page size

before clickingOK

.

TheRescore

dialog box can also be used to remove instrumental or

vocal parts from the score. This is useful when you need to create solo

parts from a full score. Alternatively, you may wish PhotoScore to

provide an accompaniment (see Playing below) while you practice yourown part.

To remove one or more staves from the score, click on their names in the

list ofStaves and voices to include

so that they are no longer

selected and highlighted in blue. Click on a staff name again to include it

once more. After clickingOK

you are given the opportunity to save the

full score (if necessary). PhotoScore then creates a new score,

automatically reformatted to remove any gaps left by the removed

staves.

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47

It is also possible to remove voices from one or more staves. To do this,

click on the number of each voice next to the name of the staff it is on.

Click in the same place again to add one back in.

If you would like to change the vertical position of a staff in the score

(e.g. if you’ve changed the instrument it is to be performed by), use the

Up and Down arrow keys to change which staff in the list is highlighted

by the dotted outline. Then use the arrow buttons running down the left

hand side of the dialog box to move that staff up or down. Alternatively,

click on the staff name to highlight it with the dotted outline, reposition

the staff with the arrow buttons and then click on its name again to

select it.

Transposing

To transpose the score or an individual instrument, for example to bring itwithin an easier-to-play/sing range, choose

Notes>Transpose…

.

First selectWhole Score

or the instrument you want to transpose from

the top box. Then set the interval by which you want to transpose by

clickingUp

orDown

, and then choose the main interval from the right-

hand box.

In the left-hand box,Major/Perfect

leaves the main interval unaltered,

Augmented adds a half-step (semitone), Minor/Diminished subtractsa half-step.

SelectTranspose key signatures if you wish the key signatures to be

transposed. This usually has the effect of reducing the number of

accidentals added to notes.

Printing (not Lite version)

You can print one or more pages of the output by choosing

File>Print…. You will be presented with a standard Windows or MacOS X print dialog which you should use in the normal way.

Playing

You can have the PhotoScored music played back to you. Your computer

will need a MIDI device (a component of most modern sound cards) and

relevant drivers installed to make use of this feature.

Display the page where you would like playback to commence. To play

from the beginning of the page, ensure that nothing is selected by

clicking on an area of the page with no notation, or by pressing Escape.

Then click the green triangular play button in the top-left corner of the

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output score or choose Play/Pause from the Play menu or type Space.

Do the same again to pause playback (the play button will have become

a pause button) and once more to continue. Click on the blue stop

button next to the play button or choosePlay>Stop

or typeEscape

to

stop the music altogether.

While the music is playing, the currently played bar will be highlighted in

dark gray. PhotoScore will display consecutive pages as it plays through

them. When playback is paused, the bar that PhotoScore has reached

will remain highlighted.

To play from a particular position on a page, select a note or rest in the

bar that you would like playback to start from. PhotoScore will then

commence from the start of that bar. To play back one or more

instruments without the others, uncheck Always play whole system in PhotoScore’s

Advanced

preferences (seePhotoScore Preferences

in

the chapterADVANCED FEATURES

) and select notation in each staff

belonging to those instruments. Play back will begin from the start of the

first bar containing a selection.

Within the same preferences, checkIgnore repeats

if you would like

PhotoScore to ignore all repeat signs during playback.

Depending on theEspressivo

,Swing

andReverb

settings under the

Play menu, the playback will vary slightly (not Lite version) . Refer to their

descriptions in Saving MIDI files later in this chapter.

To give a staff a different instrument sound, change its name by double-

clicking to the left of it and choosingRename…

from the dialog box.

To alter the tempo or dynamics add Tempo or Expression text from

the Create menu to the note on the score where you would like the

effect to begin (see Text in chapter 3. EDITING). If PhotoScore couldn’t

find a tempo marking during reading, it will have automatically added onein red to the beginning of the score. Double- or right-click on it to change

it to the desired tempo.

Note: If you have more than one MIDI device the default will be used, but

this can be changed from the System Preferences (Mac) or Control

Panel (Windows). PhotoScore for Windows offers a shortcutComputer

audio properties…

button in theGeneral

pane of the preferences

dialog.

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Saving

You can save your score to disk by clicking the Save button at the top of

the output window to open a standard save dialog box. You will be

asked what name to store the score as, and where to store it.

You can also choose what file type/format to save the score in, byselecting a choice from the pop-up menu/combo box at the bottom of the

dialog box. Note that some formats store less information about the

scanned score than others (e.g. MIDI does not store specific slur,

articulation-mark, note-stem or beam-direction information). Also note

that not all music programs are able to open all the file formats listed.

Once saved, you can run your favorite music program, load the

PhotoScored music and use it like any other.

Note that if a score is closed without saving, the scanned pages within itwill be placed back into the

Pending Pages

section of the pages pane.

Sibelius users

To send your score to Sibelius, simply click theSend to Sibelius

button

next toSave

at the top of the output window to launch Sibelius. Within

Sibelius, a dialog will open asking you to choose instruments (Sibelius v3

and higher only) and the page size. After a second or two, the music will

pop up in another window as a Sibelius document.

Once the music is in Sibelius you can do anything you like to it, just as ifyou had inputted it yourself.

Note:

Versions of Sibelius earlier than v5 cannot import all of the musical

information from PhotoScore 6 files. Here is a table to summarize (details

listed in successive versions are not repeated):

• v1 and v2 cannot read files produced by PhotoScore 6 – you should

use an earlier version of PhotoScore.

• v3.0 to v3.x will not read percussion staves or scores containing more

than 2 voices. Later versions import files more accurately.

• v4.0 to v4.x will not read codas, segnos, ornaments, pedal markings,

repeat endings, fermatas on rests or cross-staff notes.

Saving PhotoScore (.opt) files

PhotoScore’s native file format (designed to store all scanned notationinformation) has the .opt Windows file extension.

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Currently only PhotoScore and Sibelius can read this format. It is

recommended that you save longer works regularly in this format in the

unlikely event of a software or power failure.

You can open a PhotoScore file in PhotoScore by using the Open dialog

box.

Sibelius users

Scanned music files can be imported into Sibelius by opening them from

the standardOpen

dialog box.

If you have Sibelius version 3 or 4 installed (versions 1 and 2 will not work

with PhotoScore 6) you may find that it refuses to open files made from

PhotoScore 6. In this case you should find an additional file type in the

type/format drop-down box which allows PhotoScore files to be saved in

an older format that these versions of Sibelius can open.

Saving MusicXML & NIFF files

Save MusicXML and NIFF files if you want to open PhotoScore’s output in

a notation product other than Sibelius, for example Finale. Finale 2006

can open MusicXML files from the File menu. In Finale 2003 to 2005 use

the ‘Dolet Light’ plug-in to open MusicXML files.

Please check www.neuratron.com/fileformats.htm for the latest

information including which programs open these file formats.

Saving MIDI files

MIDI files were developed to store musical playback information, as

opposed to printed notation, and as a result have a few limitations when

it comes to storing scanned music. However, they are still very useful

since virtually every music-editing product can read this type of file.

Two options are available when saving a MIDI file: WhenOptimize for

playback is checked in the save dialog, the file is saved with repeatsand expression, swing, or reverb if selected for playback (not Lite

version) . CheckCreate a track for each voice

if you need to separate

voices into different MIDI tracks (not Lite version) .

Please observe the following when saving MIDI files:

• If the MIDI file is to be imported into a music notation program,

Optimize for playback

should be turned off to improve accuracy.

Otherwise it should be left on, as it improves the realism of playback.

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•

Note-stem and beam-direction, end-of-stave & page positioning, staff

size, and multiple-voice-per-staff separation cannot be stored. If a

file is to end up in a separate music program, then the final results

are dependent on how that program interprets the music.

•

Musical features such as slurs, clef changes, rests, articulationmarks, dotted notes, tuplets, dynamics, expression markings and ties

also cannot be stored as objects in a MIDI file. However, if they are

present PhotoScore will emulate them for playback. To clarify: If the

MIDI file is played back from a MIDI editing/playback program, the

features should be heard, but the features will not necessarily be

present if opened and displayed in a music notation program.

•

Although features such as time signatures, key signatures, and text

(like lyrics and title, but not dynamics as these are used to emulatechanges in playback volume) are saved in a MIDI file, not all music

programs will necessarily use or display them. You may find there is

an option in your music program to ignore or make use of such

information.

•

Instruments allocated to each staff are stored according to the

General MIDI standard. To give a staff a different instrument sound,

change its name by double-clicking to the left of it and choosing

Rename… from the dialog box. PhotoScore intelligently choosesthe correct MIDI instrument.

•

(not Lite version) The file will be saved with expression for more

‘human’ playback, dependant on the current selection from the

Espressivo

menu (under thePlay

menu). There are five different

degrees of expression for different styles of music:

Meccanico ('mechanical') plays the score absolutely literally, with

no dynamics or articulations except where marked.Senza espress.

('without expression') adds only tiny fluctuations of

volume and slight accents at the start of bars and note-groups, with

no overall dynamic changes.

Poco espress.

('slight expression') has slight dynamics following

the contour of the music. Suitable for a fast, fairly mechanical style

(such as Baroque music).

Espressivo is the default option, with more dynamics added.

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Molto espress. ('lots of expression') produces lots of expression,

which can be over the top for some kinds of music. It works well for

large groups of instruments, where it helps to separate the different

lines.

These effects may only be noticeable when the file is played back

from a MIDI editing/playback package.

•

(not Lite version) If selected from the Play menu, the file will be

saved with ‘swing’ – a jazz convention in which two notated eighths

(quavers) are performed approximately as a triplet quarter-note plus

eighth-note (triplet crotchet plus quaver). The various swing options

are:

None – i.e. no swing.

Light / Standard / Heavy – for a small amount to almost triplets.

Notes Inégales

– triplet quarter-note plus eighth-note (crotchet

plus quaver), used in some early music.

Dotted Eighths quavers)

– rarely used.

• (not Lite version) If selected from the Play menu, reverb (similar

effect to the echo you hear in a room) is added to playback. This can

be set to various presets betweenDead

andCathedral

, or a

percentage can be entered. Note that this feature will only work ondevices that respond to and recognize standard general MIDI reverb

messages.

• (not Lite version) PhotoScore also plays back appoggiaturas, or

grace notes. As these do not fit the regular timing of a bar, they are

played for around half the duration indicated, and the timing is taken

from the following note. If you hear strange effects or notes hanging

on, try shortening the notes to a quaver or less. If they are played

back with a normal note’s duration they are probably cue notes; you

can easily change them to appoggiaturas using the keypad – see

chapter 3. EDITING.

Saving Wave & AIFF files (not Lite version)

Windows users

•

This feature requires Windows 98 or later and a full-duplex

soundcard – most modern soundcards are adequate. DirectX 8.1 or

later must also be installed – the latest version should be available

from Microsoft’s web site.

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Save AIFF (Mac) or Wave (Windows) files if you want to burn your music

to audio CD or convert it to MP3 format (e.g. for playback on a portable

digital music player). Wave and AIFF files (with the file extensions .wav

and .aif) store music in a similar way to CDs and as such retain no

information regarding musical structure. The advantage gained is that

these files sound the same (allowing for speaker differences etc) nomatter what software or hardware they are played back from. The quality

of the output depends on the quality of your MIDI device - PhotoScore

effectively plays back your scanned music as MIDI and records it at the

same time (although you cannot hear the music). Saving a Wave or AIFF

file typically takes about the same amount of time as playing back the

entire score from PhotoScore.

Burning to audio CD (not Lite version) Macintosh users

• It is possible to burn audio CDs using iTunes

, available from Apple.

The following instructions should work if using version 4:

• ClickFile>New Playlist

and type a suitable name for your CD.

Ensure the name you typed is highlighted on the left side of the

iTunes window by clicking on it if necessary.

•

Click and drag your saved AIFF files from Finder onto the right-handside of the window.

•

Insert a blank CD-R or CD-RW in your recordable CD drive.

•

ClickBurn Disc

and wait while your CD is created.

Windows users

•

It is possible to burn audio CDs using Windows Media Player,

available from Microsoft. The following instructions should work if

using version 10:

•

Click File>CDs and Devices>Burn Audio CD…. (The menu bar

may not be displayed, in which case click the down pointing arrow

icon at the right of the title bar to display the menu).

•

Click and drag your saved Wave files from Explorer onto the Burn

List

on the left-hand side of the window.

•

Insert a blank CD-R or CD-RW in your recordable CD drive.

•

ClickStart Burn

and wait while your CD is created.

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Converting to MP3 (not Lite version)

Macintosh users

•

It is possible to convert AIFF files to MP3 format using iTunes,

available from Apple. The following instructions should work if using

version 4:•

ClickFile>New Playlist

and enter a name for the collection of files

you want to convert. Ensure the name you typed is highlighted on the

left side of the iTunes window by clicking on it if necessary.

•

Click and drag your saved AIFF files from Finder onto the right-hand

side of the window.

•

Select the files you wish to convert and then click

Advanced>Convert Selection to MP3.•

Select one of the songs you have converted and clickFile>Show

Song File

to display it in the Finder. From here you should be able to

copy and use the file as you need.

Windows users

•

Unless you already own third party software for encoding MP3 files,

we recommend the use of LAME, a free open source MP3 encoder

from www.mp3-tech.org. Please note that Neuratron Ltd accepts noresponsibility for the use of this software or for any consequences

that may arise from the use of it.

Saving files containing rhythmic mistakes

If you save a file containing bars that don’t ‘add up’, bars that are too

short will be lengthened, and those that are too long will be shortened.

To do this, the lengths of the bars are compared with the prevailing time

signature. If a bar is too short, rests are simply inserted at the end. If abar is too long, it is shortened by omitting one or more notes/rests at the

end of the bar.

Although the lengths of the bars are adjusted like this, you are strongly

advised to correct faulty rhythms in PhotoScore in the first place rather

than trying to fix them in another music program afterwards, as it will

save you extra work.

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Saving page and system format

Sibelius users

Sibelius uses Make Into System and Make Into Page

(Layout>Format

submenu) to ensure that the format of the music is

the same as the original. However, if the notes seem uncomfortablyclose together or far apart in the end result, try changing the staff size in

theLayout>Document Setup…

dialog box. Alternatively, if you don’t

need the format of the music to match the original, select the whole

score (XA or Ctrl+A

) and unlock the format (xXU or

Ctrl+Shift+U

).

Saving multi-staff instruments

Sibelius users

PhotoScore treats all staves as separate instruments. This means that

multi-staff instruments such as keyboards will be sent to Sibelius as two

separately-named staves without a brace.

For many purposes you don’t need names to appear anyway, so you may

just want to alter theHouse Style

setting of the score to switch them

off.

Alternatively, if you want to brace two keyboard staves together and give

them a single name, the easiest way to do it is to create anotherkeyboard in Sibelius (e.g. Piano), copy the music from the un-braced

keyboard onto the new braced one (using two staff passages), then

delete the un-braced keyboard.

The same procedure applies for multi-staff instruments such as Flutes

1+2, if you want them to be written as two sub-bracketed staves with a

single name.

If your original contains instruments that have a different number ofstaves on different systems - e.g. strings that are sometimes divisi - then

see Advanced features.

Saving Bitmap (.bmp) and TIFF files

You may wish to save your original scanned page from PhotoScore, for

example to print copies, or to email to another person for proof reading

alongside the PhotoScored output:

•

If the pages pane is not currently visible, select View>Toggle

Pages Pane.

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•

Move the mouse over the page name in the pages pane that you

wish to save so that you see a thumbnail of the page.

•

Click on the thumbnail or double-click on the page name to display

the original page in a window to the right.

•

Click File>Save As… and enter the filename and path you wish tosave to and also choose whether to save as a TIFF or Windows

bitmap (Windows only) file from theFiles of type

drop-down menu.

The file saved will be 2 color black & white and be identical to the image

you see on screen, minus stave markings and at 100% zoom. Please note

that if you attempt to reopen this file in PhotoScore, it may complain

about it only being in two colors – do not worry about this as PhotoScore

has already processed the file to make it more suitable for reading music

from.

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CLEANING UP

Sibelius users

Once you’ve finished PhotoScoring a piece of music and have sent it to

Sibelius, you end up with a Sibelius file, which you should save in thenormal way.

After you have edited and saved the output score it can be closed so that

you are able to start working on a new score.

Note that it is only possible to have one score open at a time in

PhotoScore.

Closing the output score

To close the output score, close the output window in the standard wayusing

File>Close score

or by clicking the small cross button at the top

right.

If you forget to delete the output score before scanning the next piece of

music, the new pages you scan and read will be appended to the end of

the previous output score. However, you can delete the old pages

individually from the output score by selectingEdit>Delete Page

from

the menu for each one.Deleting unwanted scans

PhotoScore automatically saves each page you scan. This occupies a not

insignificant amount of hard disk space, so you should regularly delete

scans that have been read. You do not, however, have to delete the

scans before scanning the next piece of music.

To delete unwanted scans:

•

If the pages pane is not currently visible, select View>Toggle

Pages Pane

.

• Select the pages you wish to delete by clicking on the first and then

select further ones by holding downX or Ctrl

(to add individual

pages) orShift

(to add a series of pages) whilst clicking.

•

ClickRemove

on one of the selected pages. PhotoScore will then

ask you to confirm that you want to remove the pages before going

ahead. If the page is in theRead Pages

area, for one week it will

still appear when the output score it is attached to is open. To

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remove all pages belonging to an entire score, click Remove to the

right of the score name in the Read Pages area.

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POSSIBLE PROBLEMS

Scanning takes a long time or won’t work

• If there are no signs of scanning happening - I.e. if after clicking on

the Scan or Preview button the scanner remains silent with nolights moving or flashing - communication between the computer

and the scanner has probably been interrupted.

Check that the scanner is switched on and that the cable between it

and the computer is firmly connected at both ends. If this doesn’t

help, try reinstalling your TWAIN or WIA scanner driver software.

Windows users should note that some scanners need to be

switched on before the computer is turned on, otherwise they arenot detected.

• If PhotoScore crashes when trying to scan, or the scanned page

doesn’t look right - Try getting the latest version of the scanner driver

software from your dealer. Alternatively, select theTWAIN

scanning interface from theFile>Scanner Setup…

dialog box, and

try again.

Not all staves/systems are detected

If after scanning a page you find that not all staves are boldly highlighted

in blue, the incorrect number of stave lines is shown, or the staves are

not correctly joined into systems by a thick red vertical line, this may be

because:

• The original was not flat on the scanner glass : Always close the lid

when scanning, unless scanning a thick book. It may also help if you

press down gently on the scanner lid during scanning.

•

The page was scanned at too low or too high a resolution (i.e. thestaves are smaller than you think): Check the staff size, alter the

scanner setting accordingly, and re-scan.

• You tried scanning a double-page spread : PhotoScore cannot read

both pages of a double-page spread (e.g. from a miniature score) at

once. Re-scan each of the pages separately. Ensure that the music

on the facing page is completely off the glass, or adjust the scanned

region so that it is not scanned - if any of it impinges on the scan,

PhotoScore may not read the music correctly.

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are disjointed). Try scanning using the TWAIN interface (select from

File>Scanner Setup…) and manually adjusting the brightness;

•

the original was not straight enough when scanned and Make

scans level was not selected in the PhotoScore Preferences

dialog box;

•

the music symbol designs used in the original are of a non-standard

shape or size.

If PhotoScore repeatedly fails to read one page from a sequence of

pages, omit the page and insert the bars into the score manually using a

separate music program.

Handwriting recognition problems

If you are finding that PhotoScore fails altogether, or almost completely,even on very simple clear handwritten music, check the following for

basic problems:

• Handwriting style:

Check that the handwriting style you have told

PhotoScore to read matches the style of the handwritten music you

are scanning.

• Scanning resolution:

Is your scanner set to scan at 300dpi? This

resolution is recommended for handwritten music. By all means

experiment with other resolutions to improve results that are alreadygood, but 300dpi is usually best.

• Image type:

Make sure that your scanner is set to produce a

grayscale image. This is the type that PhotoScore prefers.

• Image quality:

Check that your scan is a good, clean image with

everything clear and crisp and without any blotches. Also check that

there aren’t any variations in the tone or any areas of the image that

are missing.

Warning messages

Most of PhotoScore’s messages are self-explanatory: for instance, it will

warn you if you scan at an unsuitable resolution, or if your hard disk has

run out of space, and it will normally tell you what to do next.

If all else fails...

Please read the Frequently Asked Questions and technical support sheets

included with PhotoScore.

If you cannot find them, please contact your PhotoScore supplier.

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If a highlighted staff is badly positioned, or it is not long enough ,

the text May Require Manual Adjustment may be displayed beneath

it and you should use the following guidelines to aid PhotoScore:

•

You can drag any staff up and down with the (left) mouse button.

•

You can drag the ends of staves around, and even put them at anangle.

•

You can alter the height of any staff - pull the bottom rectangular

handle in the middle of the staff up or down. PhotoScore can read

pages that have a mixture of staff sizes, and each staff can have a

different size.

• The top circular handle allows you to change the curvature of the

staff. This is useful when scanning pages from thick books, where it

is not possible to prevent the page from being curved at the edges.

PhotoScore may not allow you to do this if it is already very confident

about the position of the staff.

It is important that staves are joined into systems properly, as this cannot

be corrected after reading. If staves are not joined into systems correctly

use these guidelines:

• To join two adjacent staves together into the same system,

click on one staff so it becomes selected, thenz-click or Alt-clickthe other staff. They will be joined near the left-hand end by a thick

vertical (or near-vertical) red line.

•

To separate two joined staves into two separate systems, do exactly

the same as for joining two staves.

PhotoScore automatically guesses whether staves should be joined

together or not when new ones are created, or existing ones are

repositioned.

Also check that the stave is marked with the correct number of stave

lines. PhotoScore reads 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 line staves (5 and 6 line staves

only in Lite version) , and automatically recognizes the type of staves

present (e.g. normal, guitar TAB or percussion). However, very

occasionally it will detect the wrong number of lines and you should try

dragging the staff around slightly until PhotoScore recognizes correctly.

If any scanned staff is left with no blue staff on top of it, the scanned

staff and any music on it will be ignored when the page is read. This canslow reading down but is otherwise harmless.

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If you’ve messed up editing the staves you can ‘undo’ an action by

pressing XZ

or Ctrl+Z

. You can reverse an undo (called ‘redo’) by

pressing XY

or Ctrl+Y

. If you want to start again,

X-double-click or

Ctrl+double-click the scan, and PhotoScore will reset the blue

highlighted staves to their original positions.

Scan window options

There are various further options and buttons available on the scan

window:

•

Clicking the Read this page button reads just the displayed scan.

Clicking the arrowed part of the button opens a menu that lets you

choose where in the output score to insert this page once it has

been read. The page is moved to the top of the pending pages list in

the pages pane whilst reading, to ensure it is the next page to be

read. This also temporarily cancels any other reading taking place.

•

TheArrow

buttons display the previous or next page in the list of

scanned pages.

•

The magnifying glass icon zooms the page to fit the window; 50

zooms to 50%;100

zooms to 100%. See theView

menu for other

ways to zoom.

•

Upside-down quickly rotates the page by 180 degrees, in case itwas scanned the wrong way up.

•

On side quickly rotates the page by 90 degrees anti-clockwise, in

case it was scanned on its side.

•

Re-scan allows the page to be re-scanned.

Omitted staves

In scores for many instruments, particularly orchestral scores, unused

staves are often omitted.

•

If you need to correct the recognized instrument names at the start

of the score, on subsequent systems PhotoScore will allocate

instruments to staves in order from the top down. Hence, if a page

omits an instrument from one system, then in the output window

some of the staves may have the wrong names.

In this situation, first ensure you have already correctly named all the

instruments used anywhere in the score so they are easilyidentifiable: Double-click on the area to the left of any staff and then

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go through the list of instruments in the dialog box that appears,

renaming any if necessary by selecting it and clicking Rename….

Then go through each incorrectly allocated staff in the output

window (from top to bottom), right-clicking over the existing

instrument name to the left of the staff in question and choosing the

correct instrument from the menu that appears. If you are unable to

select a particular instrument, it is probably because the ordering of

the instruments is not correct, and should be changed by following

the instructions in Instruments/staves introduced after the start

(below).

On any system that has staves omitted you will probably have to correct

several instrument names like this. Do it with care otherwise confusion

may arise.Multi-staff instruments

For multi-staff instruments such as keyboards and divided wind and

strings, PhotoScore treats each staff as a separately named instrument.

Wherever any of the instrument’s staves are omitted, follow Omitted

staves (above).

N.B. If the number of staves for the instrument increases (say from 1 to

2) during the score, and the second staff has not occurred before, treat itby following Instruments/staves introduced after the start (below).

Instruments/staves introduced after the start

Some scores include instruments or staves that are not shown on the

first system.

When this happens you should do the following:

•

First, ensure PhotoScore knows about the existence of all staves for

all instruments (PhotoScore treats staves for multi-staff instrumentsseparately):

Double-click over the area to the left of any staff so that a dialog box

appears. Then ensure the name of each instrument is correct – if it

needs changing select it and clickRename…. If there are not

enough instruments listed, click New... to add new ones. Ensure

they are listed in the order they would appear if they were all written

in one system: To reorder one, select it and use the yellow up and

down arrows to the left of the list (these work in the same way as

those in theScanned pages dialog box

– see above). It is

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possible to remove from the list any instruments that have not been

allocated by clicking Delete. Click Close when you have finished.

•

Then go through each staff in the output window (from top to

bottom), right-clicking to the left of it and choosing the appropriate

instrument name from the menu. If you are unable to select a

particular instrument, it is probably because the ordering of the

instruments is not correct, and should be changed by following the

instructions in the previous paragraph.

You must do this with care otherwise a lot of confusion can arise.

Reading slurs / hairpins (not Lite version) / ties

To toggle slur/tie/hairpin reading, open PhotoScore’s preferences dialog

box and click on Reading. Click Ties, Slurs and Hairpins to

select/deselect it and then click OK. If Display these options before

reading

is selected in the preferences, you will be given the opportunity

to update the reading preferences at the start of each read.

Reading appoggiaturas and cue notes (not Lite version)

Appoggiatura (also known as grace note) and cue note recognition can

be switched on/off from thePhotoScore Preferences

dialog box, as

for slurs / hairpins / ties – see above.

If you find PhotoScore has recognized a cue note as an appoggiatura (or

vice versa), you can correct this from the keypad – see chapter3.

EDITING

. You can normally check for these mistakes by looking for bars

containing rhythmic errors (marked with horizontal red dashed lines

above and below).

Reminder: An appoggiatura’s duration is not included in the rhythm of a

bar, whereas a cue note’s duration is. Both look similar, written as

smaller sized notes, but you can tell the difference from the keypad.Reading text (not Lite version)

Text reading can be switched on/off from thePhotoScore Preferences

dialog box, as for the above options.

In addition, theAdvanced…

button lets you choose which text types

PhotoScore will attempt to read, and also which language is to be read.

The language selected alters the way PhotoScore reads text in the

following ways:

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•

Instrument names are expected to be in that language, and will be

recognized more accurately if they are.

•

Extra language-dependant characters are more likely to be recognized

(such as ä, é, ò etc.)

•

PhotoScore looks for language-specific features of words, to improveaccuracy.

More languages are available for download from the Internet by clicking

More online…

.

300dpi is the optimum resolution for text recognition.

Sibelius users

When reading text, PhotoScore automatically guesses its type (e.g. title,

lyrics, technique). When the music is sent to Sibelius each text object isset to the default font and size for its type.

Performance mode

Performance mode can be selected from the output window’s toolbar,

the View>Performance Mode

menu item, or by typing XM or

Ctrl+M

.

In performance mode the output score is displayed full screen and

formatted so that it is easily read from a small distance. Pages are split insensible positions where necessary and using the cursor keys allows you

to turn to different pages or sections of pages. You can alternatively use

foot controlled page turning devices like the Bili Footime Page Turner.

This allows you to perform from your computer’s monitor and quickly and

easily change page using your foot whilst you are playing.

Performance mode can be switched off by clicking with the mouse or

keyingEscape orXM or Ctrl+M.

PhotoScore preferences

ThePhotoScore Preferences

dialog box can be opened from the

toolbar or the application (Mac) or File

(Windows) menu. The

preferences are divided into four categories –Scanning

,Reading

,

Editing and Advanced. You can select a different category by clicking

the appropriate title at the left (Mac) or top (Windows) of the dialog box.

Scanning – Interface

See chapter 1. Scanning for an explanation of the three scanninginterfaces.

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Scanning –

Automation

• Make scans level

: With this switched on, PhotoScore will work out

the angle of a scan, and then rotate it so that the staves are level. It

is recommended that this is left selected.

•

Read pages after scanning/opening: With this switched on,PhotoScore will automatically begin reading pages after they are

scanned in or opened from files.

Reading – Handwritten Printed

• Read as handwritten music

: When selected, PhotoScore is able

to read handwritten music. It is highly important that this is switched

on when scanning handwritten music (Ultimate version only) and off

when scanning printed music otherwise accuracy will suffer

considerably. Click Style… to change the handwriting style thatPhotoScore is set to read.

Reading –

What to read

• Ties, Slurs and Hairpins if printed music)

: SeeReading

slurs/hairpins/ties (above).

• Articulation marks (not Lite version, printed music only) : This does

not slow reading down much, so we suggest you leave this on.

•

Appoggiaturas and cue notes (not Lite version, printed music

only) : Unless these smaller sized notes are often picked up

incorrectly, or you wish PhotoScore to read slightly more quickly, we

suggest you leave this on. Also seeReading appoggiaturas and cue

notes

(above).

• Guitar chord diagrams (not Lite version, printed music only) :

This

does not slow reading down much, so we suggest you leave this on.

•

Text dynamics, lyrics etc.) (not Lite version, printed music only) :See Reading text (above).

• Tuplets includes advanced rhythm detection)

: With this option

switched on, tuplets/triplets are recognized/calculated (Lite version –

simple triplets only) . This option also makes PhotoScore attempt to

correct any musical errors after reading (not Lite version) : If a time

signature is missing, it tries to guess what it is. If successful, it

inserts one at the start of the page; it will be colored red as a

warning for you to check it. Furthermore, PhotoScore analyzes the

music it has read, and attempts to correct any rhythmic mistakes

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using general musical rules. Although this will generally increase

accuracy, if you are scanning scores with unusual timing it may be

best left off.

•

Transposing scores (not Lite version) : With this option switched

on, PhotoScore is able to read transposing instruments with different

key signatures for each staff, otherwise they are all set to be equal.

Editing -

Formatting

• Automatic page margins:

This ensures that a sensible margin is

always present around each page of the score, so that it looks

attractive when printed out.

Editing –

Output window

•

Attach scanned staff panel to current staff: In the output

window, this puts the original scanned staff panel just above the

highlighted staff instead of at the top of the window. This means you

have to move your eyes less when comparing the output with the

original, but the effect can be confusing. We recommend you leave

this option off until you are used to editing music in PhotoScore.

• Drag paper by

: This can either be set toDragging

orHolding

Command/Shift and Dragging. If the former is selected, then

dragging music around the screen is done with only the mouse, andselecting an area of music is done by dragging with the mouse but

with theX (Command) or Shift key held down. If the latter option

is selected then these operations are reversed.

• Keypad layout

: Choose either the standard Sibelius keypad layout,

or PhotoScore’s ‘flat’ version offering all buttons at once.

Advanced –

Playback

•

You can select the MIDI playback device PhotoScore uses for playing

back from the drop down box (not Mac version) .

•

System playback properties… (not Mac version) : Clicking here

opens your computer’s audio properties dialog box so that you can

change playback settings etc.

•

Ignore repeats: When this is checked, PhotoScore will ignore all

repeat signs in the score during playback.

• Always play whole system

: Uncheck this option if you would like

PhotoScore to only play back those instruments whose staves

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contain notation you have selected. Playback will start from the

beginning of the first bar that contains a selection.

Advanced – Miscellaneous

• Display splash screen at startup

: When switched on, the

PhotoScore splash screen is displayed at program startup.• Autosave backup file

: Here it is possible to specify the time

interval at which PhotoScore saves your current score to a special

‘backup’ file. In the unlikely event that your computer crashes,

PhotoScore will offer you the possibility of opening this file the next

time it is opened, so as to limit any loss of work.

If you change any of these options and clickOK

, they will remain in the

new settings until you change them again. Clicking Cancel returns them

to their original settings when the dialog box was opened.

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H ANDWRITING STYLE FEATURES The following table lists all the handwriting style features that can be

adjusted to describe to PhotoScore the style of handwritten music it is to

read. (The options available for each feature are listed only where thedescription of them is not obvious.)

Feature Options Description

Presets Notehead

type

Quarter rest

type

Zee The most common style of

quarter restTailed Drawn as a backwards

eighth restTailed

elaborate)

A more elaborate form of

tailed quarter restPen type

Size

Spacing

Slant

Smartness

Noteheads Bulb heads Whether bulb noteheads are

usedOblique

heads

Whether oblique noteheads

are usedItalic heads Whether italic noteheads are

usedHead

attachment

Attached

only

All noteheads are attached to

their stemsAnd

detached

Some noteheads are

detached from their stemsAnd very

detached

Some noteheads are very

detached from their stemsDetached

head size

Size of noteheads that are

detached from their stemsOffside bulb

heads

Whether bulb noteheads are

not always drawn on the

conventional side of the stemBulb head

prominence

The width of bulb noteheads

compared to the width of thestems they are attached to

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Bulb head

attachment

How well bulb noteheads are

attached to their stemsBulb head

slant

Whether bulb noteheads are

slanted and, if so, by how

much

Half note

hole size

Size of holes within half notenoteheads

Half note

size

Size of half note noteheads

Allow head

outliers

Whether there are noteheads

not on leger lines that are a

small distance above or

below the staffAttached

solid heads

Whether solid noteheads

(quarter note or shorter) areparticularly wide

Leger solid

head width

How wide solid noteheads

are compared to the leger

lines they are onAccidentals Overlap

stems

Whether any accidentals

overlap note stemsSize

Vertical

positioning

Accuracy of vertical

positioning of accidentalsrelative to their noteheads

Horizontal

positioning

How close accidentals are

drawn to their noteheadsRests Block rest

width

Width of half rests and whole

restsBlock rest

height

Height of half rests and

whole restsQuarter rest

style

See descriptions under

Presets aboveTailed rest

size

Size of rests with a duration

of an eighth note or lessTailed rest

slant

Slant of rests with a duration

of an eighth note or lessUnbeamed

notes

Features of notes that are

not beamed to any other

notes

Stem length

Stem slant

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Tail length

Beamed

notes

Features of notes that are

beamed to other notesBowed

beams

Whether beams are slightly

curved

Beam

thickness

Messy beam

groups

Whether there are parts of

some beamed groups of

notes that are unclearMessy stem

ends

Whether the ends of stems

nearest to their detached

noteheads are messy (e.g.

are a blob of ink)

Stem slant

Beam gap Distance between beams

Fractional

beam size

Distance of fractional beam

from the beam directly above

it and its lengthStem length

Inside stem

length

Length of stem between the

notehead and beam that are

closest to each other on a

note/chordBeam fit How much stems and beams

under- or over-run each otherLeger lines Clear ends Whether the left and right

ends of ledger lines are clear

of other markingsVertical

spread

Vertical distance between

leger lines

Straightness

Width

Thickness

General Density How closely written all

notes, rests, and other

musical symbols areDetail Determines how short a line

PhotoScore will consider as

belonging to a musical

symbolStroke type Thickness of pen stroke

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Overlapping Helps PhotoScore to cope

with overlapping notes,

rests, and other musical

symbolsRigour Sets how meticulous

PhotoScore is in itsrecognition

Fragmentati

on

How much musical symbols

are broken upStroke

sensitivity

Sharp Sharp sensitivity to pen

strokesSoft Soft sensitivity to pen strokes

Note-less

left margin

Tells PhotoScore whether to

skip the beginning of each

staff and by how much –useful in preventing

PhotoScore from being

confused by clefs and key

signatures which it cannot

readNotation Heads per

stem

The maximum number of

noteheads per stem that

PhotoScore should look forVoices per

staff

The predominant number of

voices per staffBidirectional

beams

Whether there are beams

with stems that point in

opposite directionsMinimum

note

The shortest length of

unbeamed note that

PhotoScore should look for

Minimum

beamed

note

The shortest length ofbeamed note that

PhotoScore should look forMinimum

rest

The shortest length of rest

that PhotoScore should look

for

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K EYBOARD SHORTCUTS XA

or Ctrl+A

Select all objects

XC or Ctrl+C

Copy object to clipboard

XF

or Ctrl+F

Find and replace

XX or Ctrl+X

Cut object to clipboard

XV or Ctrl+V

Paste object from clipboard

XZ or Ctrl+Z

Undo last editing action

XY or Ctrl+Y

Redo last undone editing action

F7

DisplayCommon notes

Keypad layout

F8

DisplayMore notes

Keypad layout

F9

DisplayBeams

Keypad layout

F10

DisplayArticulation

Keypad layout

F12

DisplayAccidentals

Keypad layoutTab

Select next object

Shift+Tab

Select previous object

Cursor left/right

Select previous/next object

Xor Ctrl+cursor left/right

Select first object in previous/next bar

Shift+cursor left/right

Extend selection to previous/next object

Xor Ctrl+Shift+cursor left/right

Extend selection to previous/next barline

Delete

or Backspace

Delete selected object(s)

Xkeypad+

orCtrl+keypad+

Zoom in to displayXkeypad-

orCtrl+keypad-

Zoom out of display

Q

(Windows) Display clef menu

K

(Windows) Display key signature menu

L

(Windows) Display line menu

T

(Windows) Display time signature dialog box

Alt+B

(Windows) Display multi-rest dialog box

H

(Windows) Create crescendo

Shift+H (Windows) Create diminuendo

S

(Windows) Create slur (above staff)

Shift+S (Windows) Create slur (below staff)

Ctrl+Alt+T (Windows) Create tempo text

XL or Ctrl+L

Create lyrics text

XB or Ctrl+B

Create bar rest

Shift+K

(Windows) Create chord diagram

XK

or Ctrl+K

Create chord symbol

X2

to 9

or Ctrl+2

to 9

Create tuplet of typed number

2

to 9

Normal staff: Higher interval to add to noteShift+2to 9 Normal staff: Lower interval to add to note

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0 to 9 Tablature staff: Fret number of selected note

X

Flip selected note’s stem

Cursor up/down

Normal staff: Move note up/down

Tablature staff: Select note above/below in chord

Alt+cursor up/down

Select note above/below in chord

P

(Windows) Play/pause score

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GLOSSARY

Bitmap (.bmp)

TIFF (.tif) file formats saved by PhotoScore Ultimate and other scanning

programs that contain basic scanned image information. These files do

not contain any musical information as such, only the grid of black and

white dots that make up the image.

dpi dots per inch - the unit of scanning resolution. The more dpi you scan

at, the higher the resolution is, and the more detailed the resulting scan.

200dpi to 400dpi is a normal range of resolutions for scanning music;

higher resolutions such as 600dpi are often used for scanning photos and

graphics.grayscale shades of gray.

MIDI a standard specifically designed for the communication and storage of

the data that a music sequencer records and plays. Also a file format

(.mid) saved by PhotoScore that can be opened by most music programs.

MusicXML (.xml)

NIFF (.nif) file formats saved by PhotoScore Ultimate which can be opened

by various notation programs. See www.neuratron.com/fileformats.htm.

Scanned music (SCMS/.opt) the special music file format designed by

Neuratron to store PhotoScored music pages, and to make it easier to

transfer such music to music notation programs such as Sibelius.

OCR optical character recognition; usually applied to scanning text, but also

to music.

original the page or score you are scanning from.

output music which has been read from scans.

read to work out what all the notes and other symbols in the scan are.resolution the level of detail at which a page is scanned; measured in dpi.

scan the image produced when a page has been scanned. In PhotoScore,

scans are always displayed with a buff background.

scanner driver the program which tells the computer what type of scanner

you have; analogous to a printer driver. They generally conform to one of

two standards – TWAIN or WIA (Windows only).

8/9/2019 NPS Help


8/9/2019 NPS Help


LICENSE AGREEMENT This license states the terms and conditions upon which the Software is licensed toyou. By using or attempting to use the Software‘s installation CD or byreturning the registration card or registering the Software with The

Developer by any other means, you are agreeing to become bound by theterms of this License. If you do not agree to these terms, return the entirecontents of the software package intact and unused to your supplier.1. DefinitionsThe ‘Developer’ means Neuratron Limited. The ‘Software’ means NeuratronPhotoScore Ultimate or Neuratron PhotoScore Lite, whichever product this licensewas included with. The ‘Documentation’ means the Neuratron PhotoScore Ultimateor Neuratron PhotoScore Lite user guide.2. LicenseThe Developer grants you a personal non-transferable non-exclusive license, asfollows:

(a) You may install and use a single copy of the Software on one stand-alonecomputer system, and will ensure that the Software is not installed or used onmore than one stand-alone computer system at a time.(b) You will not copy or attempt to copy the Software‘s installation CD inwhole or in part. You will be deemed personally responsible for any illegal copiesof the Software, or files created by it, which bear your Software‘s product id numberor are otherwise traceable to your copy of the Software.(c) You may install a single copy of the Software on another stand-alone computersystem if and only if you first delete the Software from the computer on which it waspreviously installed.

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