novinky v architektuře a produktech pro firemní sítě ... · 11• 24 54 65 600 450 300 6900**...
TRANSCRIPT
Přechod k 802.11ac v bezdrátových sítích
Prosinec 2014
Novinky v architektuře a produktech pro firemní sítě – mobilita a bezpečnost
Jaroslav Čížek, Cisco
2 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
EN3 Launch - Your Mobile Experience. Transformed. Building on the Unified Access Solution
PROTECT THE BUSINESS
•
•
•
•
ON PREMISE
CLOUD MANAGED
MOBILIZE THE WORKFORCE
•
•
INCREASE IT AGILITY
•
•
•
•
3 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Nový standard 802.11ac • Přehled, detailnější pohled na vlastnosti, předpoklady správného fungování
• Cisco enterprise wireless funkce v kontextu 802.11ac
• Cisco 802.11ac Portfolio – indoor & outdoot AP, kontrolery
• Dotazy
2. Část (po přestávce)
• Nové vlastnosti Cisco WLAN
4 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Wi-Fi is exciting because it is now in so many products of so many types …
Refrigerator
Smart TV
Projector
Air
Conditioner
Security
Camera
Bathroom
scales
Automobile
Thermostat
Smart-
phone
Industrial
sensors
Plant
sensor
5 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
... but more importantly because it appears most of us can’t live without it
No,
We don’t have
Wi-Fi … TALK to
each other!
6 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
… even to the point where some people believe it forms the foundation of our lives
Maslow's
hierarchy of needs
7 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
802.11ac – The Next Generation WiFi
802.11 802.11n 802.11b 802.11a/g 802.11ac
Wave 1
802.11ac
Wave 2
2 11
24
54
65
600
450
300
6900** 6900**
3500**
2340**
1730** 1300*
290* 290*
SS
1997 1999 2003 2007 2013 2015
Gig
ab
it
Eth
ern
et U
plin
k
2 G
iga
bit
Eth
ern
et U
plin
ks
1 Spatial Stream
8 Spatial
Streams
2 Spatial Stream
4 Spatial
Streams
870*
802.11n 802.11ac
Band 2.4GHz
& 5.0GHz 5.0GHz only
PHY Rate 65 Mbps
– 600 Mbps
290 Mbps
– 6.9 Gbps
MAC
Through-
put
45 Mbps
– 420 Mbps
194 Mbps
– 4.8 Gbps
Spatial
Streams 4 8
Modu-
lation 64 QAM 256 QAM
Channel
Width 20 or 40 MHz
20, 40, 80, *80+80,
160 MHz
• Most efficient Wi-Fi
standard to date
• Optimized for high
bandwidth applications
• Backwards compatible
with 802.11n and .11a
• Promise of enhanced
device/client scale for
higher density
deployments •
What is 802.11ac?
8 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco AP3700
with integrated
802.11ac Wave 1
Cisco AP3700
with integrated
802.11ac Wave 1
Cisco 802.11ac Module for
the AP3600
CY 2012 CY 2013 CY 2014
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
IEEE 802.11ac
Approved Wave 2 Wave 1
…
802.11ac Milestones: WFA Certification, IEEE
Cisco AP3700 + AP2700
+ AP1700 + AP1570,
Meraki MR34
with integrated
802.11ac Wave 1
Consumer class
devices from
Linksys, Netgear
and others
Intel® Dual Band
Wireless-AC 7260
shipping today
Linksys 1x1
AC USB
802.11ac mobile
devices
Apple releases
MacBook Air with
11ac 2x2
HTC One
ZTE Grand Memo
Samsung S 4 Apple releases
MacBook Pro Retina
with 11ac 3x3
Google Nexus 5
Nokia Lumina
1520
802.11ac Wave2
In the Enterprise
likely 2H CY2015
9 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Wi-Fi CERTIFIED ac is quickly becoming the default certification
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13
Ce
rtific
ations
Wi-Fi CERTIFIED ac certifications
Update: Dec(/June) 2014 – 873(/563) 802.11ac products certified!!!
10 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
1. Bandwidth, Modulation, Spatial streams
- Wave 1 – 80 MHz, 4 SS
- Wave 2 – 160 MHz, 8 SS
2. MIMO
- Wave 1 – Single User MIMO
- Wave 2 – Multi User MIMO
802.11ac Core Technology How Can We Make 11n Go Faster?
11 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Example of Channel Bonding ETSI channel allocation
Note: Efforts are underway globally to expand the number of channels in the 5 GHz band.
* Note: Channels 120-128 are typically not used in Europe as it conflicts with TDWR
12 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
802.11ac: Wave1 and Wave2 • The 802.11ac specification will be brought to market in 2 phases or “Waves”
Feature Wave 1 – 2013
Wave 2 – late 2015
Features still in Review by Chipset Vendors
PHY Rate 1.3 Gbps 1.3 Gbps 1.73 Gbps 2.43 Gbps 3.5 Gbps
# of Spatial
Streams 3 3 4 3 4
Modulation 256 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM
Channel
Width 20, 40, 80 MHz 20, 40, 80 MHz 20, 40, 80 MHz
20, 40, 80,
80+80, 160 MHz
20, 40, 80,
80+80, 160 MHz
MIMO Single User Multi User Multi User Multi User Multi User
802.11
protocol
support
a, n, ac a, n, ac a, n, ac a, n, ac a, n, ac
Ethernet
Uplink GbE 2xGbE, mGiG and 10GbaseT
13 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
BW
(MHz)
# Spatial
Streams
MCS
(QAMr5/6)
PHY Rate
(Mbps)
MAC Thru-
put (Mbps)*
80 1 64 290 175
80 1 64 330 200
80 1 256 430 260
80 2 64 650 390
80 2 256 870 520
80 3 64 980 590
80 3 256 1300 780
80 4 256 1700 1020
80 8 256 3500 2100
Smartphones from 260 Mbps*
Tablets from 520 Mbps*
High End Laptops from 780 Mbps*
802.11ac Performance Table
* Assumes 60% MAC efficiency and 256 QAM
connection with the AP
1x1
2x2
2x2
3x3
Single GbE port on the AP3600/3700 - More than sufficient
bandwidth from the full duplex GbE port
faster connectivity = shorter active radio time = better battery life
802.11ac Wave 1 Potential Throughput @ 80 MHz
14 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco High-Density Experience Technology – AP3700/2700 Performance, Mitigation, Scalability, and AP Roaming Optimized for High Client Density Networks
802.11ac interference detection and mitigation
PREDICTABLITY
Beam forming for 802.11a/g/n/ac
UNMATCHED SCALE
Optimized for high density performance
n
n
AP
ac
ac
n
ac
CLEAN AIR CLIENT
LINK TURBO BOOST
BATTERY SAVINGS
INTELLIGENT ROAMING
OPTIMIZED ROAMING
RF NOISE REDUCTION
RELIABILITY
Unstick clients as they roam between AP’s or to cellular
Recycle RF channels to maximize spectrum efficiency
HDX Technology = Solution for High Density BYOD Environments
15 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Clean Air
• Provides continual, system-wide discovery without performance impact
• Accurately identifies source, location, and scope of interference
• Takes automatic action to avoid current and future interference, with full history reporting
• Cisco AP 3700/2700 provides complete visibility over 80 MHz 11ac spectrum
20 MHz
40 MHz
80 MHz
802.11ac 80 MHz Spectrum
CLEAN AIR
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CleanAir Spectrum Visibility - Example CLEAN
AIR
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Client Link 3.0
• ClientLink uses multiple transmit antennas to focus transmissions in the direction of the client
• In the mixed-client networks, optimizes overall network capacity by helping ensure that 802.11a/n and 802.11ac clients operate at the best possible rates, especially when they are near cell boundaries.
• Client agnostic since Multiple Antennas Design Work for All Clients
CLIENT LINK
Wireless AP
n
n
AP
ac
ac
n
ac
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps11983/at_a_glance_c45-691984.pdf
18 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
256QAM Heat Map: Cisco vs. Competition
ClientLink 3.0 YouTube video:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q_shbSpOIA
• ClientLink 3.0 helps the Cisco AP achieve 256 QAM with m9 rate
• Cisco’s 11ac AP has a significant 256 QAM advantage over the competition 11ac AP
• The Test:
Use a MacBook Pro (3ss) and record the data rate in 40+ locations in a cubicle environment while running traffic to the client.
Cisco AP Heatmap
Competitor AP
Heatmap
CLIENT LINK
19 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Upgrading to 802.11ac APs - 1:1 or another survey?
Question: If I replace my Access Points with a newer 802.11ac Access Point do I have to resurvey? Is
the spacing the same between 11n and 11ac?
Answer: 11ac builds upon 11n, and cell sizes are similar!
Access Points have always had
similar heat maps – There will
always be slight differences but
the goal is to maintain uniform
coverage with less retries. It is
always a good idea to check
coverage.
20 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Multi-Client Performance Performance
• With 802.11ac, the total bandwidth available to clients is increased to 1.3Gbps, but this is still a shared medium technology.
• An efficient packet scheduler designed for the needs of 802.11ac is needed to keep up with client counts of 60+ per radio.
• Cisco’s AP3700 provides on-radio caching technology which leverages additional RAM for per-client queuing techniques.
Traditional AP Design
DRAM
(512Mb) CPU
Radio – 2.4GHz
Radio – 5GHz
Enterprise AP Design
DRAM
(512Mb) CPU
DRAM (128Mb)
DRAM (128Mb)
Radio – 2.4GHz
Radio – 5GHz
4x4 Antennas
for Reliability
On-Radio Cache
for Speed
Performance
21 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Multi-Client Performance Results
HDX Multi-Client YouTube video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8gfnCVm-3o&
Performance
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
MEG
AB
ITS
PER
SEC
ON
D
NUMBER OF CLIENTS
TCP Downlink Throughput 5GHz Multi-Client: Sixty 802.11ac Clients
22 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Optimized Roaming: Reduces Client Stickiness
MOBILE DEVICE
PERFORMANCE
• Device Connects to First Access Point it Encounters
• Stays Connected to Same Access Point as User Moves
• Impacts Device Performance
• Device Connects to Most Effective Access Point as User Moves
• Improves Device Performance
OPTIMIZED ROAMING
23 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Comprehensive & Differentiated 11ac Portfolio
Indoor
MR34 802.11ac
Outdoor
1570 802.11ac | HDX
1700 802.11ac
Indoor Indoor
2700 802.11ac | HDX
Indoor
3700 802.11ac | HDX | Modular
3600 802.11n w/ 802.11ac Module
On-Premise Cloud-Managed
3x3:2 | MDR: 867
3x4:3 | MDR:1.3Gbps.
4x4:3 | MDR: 1.3Gbps.
4x4:3 | MDR: 1.3Gbps.
3x3:3 | MDR: 1.75Gbps.
Same Price as
Competitors Entry
802.11ac with Better
Coverage
Enterprise & SP
Models – Most
Power allowed by
the FCC for Range
and Coverage
NEW
NEW
24 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Meraki: Bringing the cloud to enterprise networks
Meraki MS
Ethernet Switches
Meraki SM
Mobile Device
Management
Meraki MR
Wireless LAN
Meraki MX
Security Appliances
HW purchase
1/3/5 year subscription purchase
25 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Auto RF: zero-config optimization for dynamic environments • Scans all channels for interference, tuning
performance with cloud intelligence
• Optimized for mixed 802.11ac and 802.11n environments
• Cloud-based engine analyzes RF data, optimizes channels and power across network
• Responds automatically to challenging or dynamic RF environments
Visualize interference with high-
resolution
spectrum analyzer
Cisco Confidential 26 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Aironet Indoor Access Point Series Industry’s Best 802.11ac / 802.11n Access Points
Mission Specific
600 & 700
Enterprise Class
1700
Mission Critical
2700
Best in Class
3700
Enterprise Best In Class Mission Specific Mission Critical
• Up to 600 Mbps, 802.11n
• 702w: Wall Plate AP ideal for Hospitality, Dorm Rooms, MDUs
• 702i: Compact Mid-market AP
• 600: Teleworker AP
• Up to 1 Gbps, 802.11ac
• 3x3 MIMO : 2 SS
• CleanAir Express*
• Transmit Beamforming
• Over 1 Gbps, 802.11ac
• 3x4 MIMO : 3 SS
• HDX Technology
• CleanAir 80 MHz, ClientLink 3.0, VideoStream
• Over 1 Gbps, 802.11ac
• 4x4 MIMO : 3SS
• HDX Technology
• CleanAir 80 MHz, ClientLink 3.0, VideoStream
• Future proof modularity: Security, 3G Small Cell, Location Accuracy or Wave 2 802.11ac
802.11n
802.11ac
802.11ac
802.11n
802.11ac
NEW
27 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Aironet 1700 Access Point Series
• Sleek Design with internal antennas
• Enterprises, Healthcare, K-12 and Higher Education, Factories,
warehouses, and other indoor office and industrial environments
• 3x3 MIMO:2 SS 802.11ac AP
• CleanAir Express - Classification of over 20 different types of interferences,
including non-Wi-Fi interference, within 5 to 30 seconds with limited
number of simultaneous IDRs
• Troubleshooting Forensics for Faster Interference Resolution and Proactive
Action
• 2 GigE Ports
• 2nd Port provides downward device connectivity
• UL 2043 plenum-rated for above ceiling installation or for suspending from
drop ceilings
Cisco Aironet 1700 Series
Wi-Fi Standards 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
Max Data Rate 867Mbps – 5GHz
300 Mbps – 2.4GHz
Radio Design MIMO: Spatial
Streams Dual-Radio, 3x3:2
Local Ethernet Ports 2 x GE
Powering Capability 1 x GE port
1 x AUX GE port
Beamforming Transmit Beamforming
SI CleanAir 80MHz
Data Uplink (Mbps) 10/100/1000
Power 802.3af/at, AC Adapter
NEW
28 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
AP1700 AP2700 Access Point 802.11ac 3x3:2SS 802.11ac 3x4:3SS
RF Leadership RRM
Transmit Beamforming
BandSelect
VideoStream
RRM
ClientLink 3.0 (1SS, 2SS, 3SS)
BandSelect
VideoStream
Performance <610 Mbps MAC Throughput @70% Efficiency
No HDX >910 Mbps MAC Throughput @70% Efficiency
Spectrum Intelligence CleanAir Express: Classify, Detect RF Interference and
Mitigate with limited number of IDR’s
CleanAir: Classify, Detect, Locate, and
Mitigate RF Interference
Correlation of interferers
Zone of Impact
No limitations on number of IDR’s
Antenna Configuration Internal Only Interna/External
Price $695 $1095/$1195
AP2K Value Differentiation in Green
AP 1700 vs. AP2700
29 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Ordering/Software information Part Number Description US List Price
AIR-CAP1702i-x-K9 Aironet 1700 Series Access Point: 802.11ac CAP w/CleanAir; 3x3:2SS; Internal
Antenna
$695
AIR-CAP1702I-xK910 Aironet 1700 Series Access Point 10 Pack: 802.11ac CAP 10APs w/CleanAir;
3x2:2SS; Internal Antenna
$ 6,950
X Planned regulatory domains: A, C, D, E, F, H, I, K, N, Q, R, S, T, Z
OS Release MSE Prime Infrastructure ISE
AirOS 8.0 8.0 2.2 (Nov)
2.1.2 1.2
IOS XE 3.6MR/3.7 8.0 2.1 (2.3 Parity) 1.2
AUTONOMOUS 15.3x N/A 2.1 1.2
Note:
• Leverage existing mounting brackets
• Unified and Autonomous SW image bundled together, no separate SKUs
To change to autonomous - AP # capwap ap autonomous (# means privileged EXEC mode)
30 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Aironet Access Point Comparison Indoor AP Series OEAP600 700I 700W 1700 2700 3700
Wi-Fi Standards 802.11a/b/g/n 802.11a/b/g/n 802.11a/b/g/n 802.11a/b/g/n 802.11a/b/g/n/ac 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
Max Data Rate per Radio 300 Mbps 300 Mbps 300 Mbps 867 Mbps
Over 1 Gbps Over 1Gbps
RF Design 2x3:2 2x2:2 2x2:2 3x3:2 3x4:3 4x4:3
Performance/Coverage/
Investment Protection u uu uu uuu uuuu uuuuu
Max No. of Clients per AP 15 200 200 400 400 400
RRM ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
High Density Experience ✔ ✔
CleanAir CleanAir Express* ✔ ✔
Beamforming Transmit
Beamforming ClientLink 3.0 ClientLink 3.0
Max ClientLink Clients per AP 64 256 256
BandSelect ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
VideoStream ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Rogue AP Detection ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Adaptive wIPS ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
External Antenna Opt ✔ ✔
Module Options
WSM (Security), Cisco 3G
SCM (Q4CY13), or Wave 2
802.11ac
31 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
• 802.11n, 2G: 3x3:3; 5G: 2x3:2
• Low profile, competitive price
• 1x GigE port
• Power: PoE or VDC
• Int/External Antennas
• 802.11n, 2x3 MIMO : 2 SS
• Multiple models and options
• Enterprise, Carriers, MSOs
• DOCSIS 3.0 8x4
• Int/External Antennas
• 802.11ac, 4x4 MIMO : 3 SS
• HDX Technology
• CleanAir, ClientLink, Optimized Roaming for Outdoors
• Carrier and Enterprise-class
• NG Cable: DOCSIS 3.0 24x8
• Int/External Antennas
• Modular: Future Proof
Cisco Aironet Outdoor Access Point Series Industry’s
Best 802.11ac / 802.11n Access Points
NOV
2014
Base
1530
High Functionality
1550
Best in Class
1570
32 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
HIGH DENSITY EXPERIENCE (HDX)
Higher Throughput, Larger Area, More Pervasive Coverage Bringing 802.11ac with HDX Outdoors
• 4x Transmit + 4x Receive
• 3 Spatial Streams
• Max. Allowable Transmit Power*
• Multi Mode Options: Flex, Mesh, Auto.
• NG DOCSIS (24x8), Fiber, Gig-E
• Future Proof: Plug-in Module via POE
Cisco Aironet 1570 Series
CLEAN AIR CLIENT
LINK OPTIMIZED ROAMING
TURBO BOOST
* Highest power allowed by FCC
33 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Flexible Antenna Ports
Cisco Controller) >config ap antenna-band-mode <single|dual> <ap_name>
AP#capwap ap ant-band-mode <single|dual>
• Dual-band ports, use the bottom 2 antenna ports to connect to dual-band omni or patch
Single-band ports, use two separate 2.4 GHz and two 5 GHz antenna ports
4x4:3 vs. 2x2:2
34 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
AP Model Comparison for Outdoor Deployment
AP Model
1530 1570 2702E or 3702E/P
Radio Design 3x3:3(i) 2x2:2(e)
802.11n
4x4:3
802.11ac
3x4 or 4x4:3
802.11ac
Max Data Rate per Radio 300 Mbps 1300 Mbps 1300 Mbps
Antenna Configuration Internal / External
Single or dual band
External
Single or dual band
External
Dual band
Power Options DC / PoE AC, DC, PoE
PoE out = 802.3at PoE
Required SW 7.6 8.0MR1 7.6
Environment -30 to 65 °C -40 to 65 °C -20 to 43 °C
NEMA enclosure required
List Price $1295 / $1495
New price as of Nov 8,2014 $4495 $1195 or $1595 + enclosure
35 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Unified Access: Wireless Deployment Options
AUTONOMOUS CLOUD MANAGED FLEX CONNECT CENTRALIZED CONVERGED
• Common OS • Lean IT
• Mid-Market / Distributed Enterprise
• Intended for static installations • SP Hotspots
• Data center hosted controller • Distributed enterprises
• Premise-based controller • Traditional Overlay Model • Highly Scalable
• Common OS • Consistent Wired/Wireless • Highest performance
• MR Access Points • MS switches
• MX security • Dashboard
• Aironet Access Points • 11ac: 3700 / 2700 / 1700
• 11n: 1600e / 700 • Catalyst Switches
• 3850 / 3650 • 2960-X
• Controllers • N / A
• Aironet Access Points • 11ac: 3700 / 2700 / 1700
• 11n: 1600e / 700 • Catalyst Switches
• 6800/4500/3850/3650 • 4500-X / 2960-X
• Controllers • 8510 / 7510
• Aironet Access Points • 11ac: 3700 / 2700
• 11n: 1600e / 700 • Catalyst Switches
• 6800/4500/3850/3650 • 4500-X / 2960-X
• Controllers • 8510 / 5760 / 5508 /
WiSM2 / 2504 / vWLC
• Aironet Access Points • 11ac: 3700/2700(/1700) • 11n: 1600 / 700
• Catalyst Switches • 6800/4500*/3850/3650 • 4500-X
• Controllers • Integrated
• 5760 external MC*
Dashboard
WAN Intranet
Cisco Unified Access: ONE Architecture with 4 Flexible Deployment Options Cisco Cloud Networking
Prime ISE
36 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Enterprise Unified Access Innovations
802.11ac Gigabit Wi-Fi
Identity Services Engine
Prime Infrastructure
Connected Mobile Experiences
Application Visibility and Control
Stateful Switchover
High Density Experiences
Wireless Policy Classification Engine
mDNS / IPv6
Converged Access
Cisco Confidential 37 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Shrnutí a dotazy
Market: Why Gigabit Wi-Fi / 802.11ac now…!!!
1 Cisco VNI Global Mobile Data Forecast 2012-2017, 2 AVI Research 3 Nemertes Research Global Mobile Research 2013
Why Cisco for Gigabit Wi-Fi / 802.11ac
• To commit to 802.11ac
• To receive certification by Wi-Fi Alliance
• To ship 802.11ac enabled Wireless
Controllers and Access Points
• To Commit to 802.11ac Wave 2 Module for a
future proof solution
40 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
??? Q & A
Thank you.