november 2003qiheng hu, budapest1 ict in the progress of china qiheng hu china association for...

November 2003 Qiheng HU, Budapest 1

ICT in the Progress of China

Qiheng HUChina Association for

Science and Technology

November 2003


The Trend

• The economical globalization is accelerating the distribution of scientific knowledge and technological innovation:– International trade: products and technology– Foreign Direct Investment– ICT: in particular the Internet – International collaboration in S&T


The necessary condition to be a part of this accelerating process:

Easy communication within the country and with the rest of the

world


Beacon towers have been used in China to transmit the alarm of war in Zhou Dynasty-

1100 before Christ

-A professor asked his students: What is the

bandwidth of the beacon smoke?

-The Ancient IC System :


“Stride across Great Wall to the World”

• 1987: The first email sent from China on Internet :

“Stride across Great Wall

to the World”

• 1990: The Assignment and Registration of CN in DDN-NIC of DARPA (Prof. Qian TianBai)• 1994: Full Connection to Internet (64kbps)


20031997

60 m.

2000

30 m.

10 m.

20 m.

40 m.

50 m.

1998 1999 2001 2002

The fast development of Internet in China

Internet userno Internet

The penetration rate is still very low

[CNNIC: the 12th Statistic Report on the Internet Development, July, 2003]


• The National Informatization Surveying Center promulgated the NIQ of China: 38.46 for 2002

• The NIQ growth during 1998 － 2000 amounted to 48.6%, annual growth is 21.9 ％， much higher than the growth in GDP;

• The report of the NISC shows that during the past 10 years the annual growth of IT industry has been over 32%, and it is the fastest one among 40 industrial categories

• The percentage of IT industry in the whole industry is 8% in 2001

The ICT application-1

[Computer World, Industry Internal Reference Report, 1 April, 2002]


• Among the composing factors in the NIQ of 2002, the index for ICT application is the highest one, achieving 65.89; the ICT, particularly the Internet is penetrating into widespread areas of the socio-economic structure and playing its role




• The next highest index is that of the IT product and services, achieving 53.78;

• The other 4 indexes are:– Index for information resources development and uti

lization: 45.29

– Index for information network infrastructure: 37.12

– Index for informatization environment: 21.86

– Index for human resources: 13.43




• It shows that the problematic issues are in the depth of information resources development and application, the IPR protection and information resources sharing mechanism, and the structural weakness in human resources



The external resources• The international trade volume of China in 2002

amounted to 4.7% of the world;• The FDI amounted to 4.5% of the GDP in 2002; • The benefit of technology and expertise

introduced with capital : accelerated the economic progress, high-tech products export amounted to 3% of the world;

• The international collaboration in S&T; The knowledge acquisition via the Internet.

[“S&T and development”, AnGang HU, China Study, v.45, 4 July, 2003]


The serious challenge-1

• The dominant part of exported high-tech products are produced by the foreign invested enterprises;– In 1999, wholly owned foreign capital

enterprises export volume constitutes 44.5%, and the joint venture enterprises 29.0%, of the total high-tech export volume.

• 66.8% of the patent issued in 1999 is owned by foreigners;



The serious challenge-2

• The integrate S&T strength of China constitutes only 1/19 of that of U.S.A. in 1998– The integrate S&T strength is an integrate index

composed of 5 factors:• Number of scientific papers published in around

4800 international journals;• Number of patent issued to local citizens• Per capita PC• Per capita Internet users• Percentage of R&D investment in GDP



To explore the internal resources- Responding to the knowledge era

• Initiative innovation-the challenge for industry and science;

• Improve the environment for knowledge innovation and distribution;

• Shorten the gap between western and eastern China;

• Institutional reformation to strengthen the ICT application.


Environment for innovation

• Common education for every citizen• Economic policy and law system

– Encouraging fair competition– Reduce risk for initiative enterprises and venture capital – Open market for local enterprises and encourage them to

compete in the international market

• Government responsibility and interference in general capacity building and public goods production

• Information sharing and easy access to public data• The ICT popularization and the effective society


Government activities in the environment improving-1

• The Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS

T) initiative on “Construction of Basic Support Platform f

or S&T”– The government role in the public goods production and public

demand satisfaction

– The platform is important strategic resource for implementing th

e sustainable development and maintaining national security

– A key measure to tamp up a solid base for further progress in S

&T and the effective use of the public investment

– A target that is required by the institutional reformation



• The platform is composed of:– A network for expensive scientific instrument and

apparatus sharing– A group of scientific data bases and a network for

data sharing – A bank of scientific materials and resources, includ

ing germ plasm and specimen– The network of scientific information and literature– The high-speed network infrastructure for S&T acti

vities


The National Library for S&T-1-a composing element of the platform

• A consortium of 7 libraries covering the field of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine;

• A virtual library, operated by a small office under the leadership of a director;

• Decision maker is a council composed of representatives of the 7 members plus the representatives from government and academic communities;

• The government is funding the consortium constantly with yearly growth of the budget.


• The main task:– Building on-line resources with unified standard and provide

integrated services to users– Sharing resources to make the public investment effective– Developing alliance to include the local libraries, in particular to

those of the western China to improve the literature environment via the usage of ICT

– Developing partnership with National Library so as to make progress toward the establishment of digital library covering both cultural, sociological and scientific literature

– Conducting research works on issues emerged in the information era concerning the new style library

– Developing international collaboration with digital libraries in the rest of the world

The National Library for S&T-2-a composing element of the platform



• The SiChuan Rural-Information Network – All departments relevant to the agriculture are responsible t

o serve the farmers using the Internet, the next step will be the integration of services to a unified platform;

– The Network for rural economy (Agriculture Department of the Provincial Government),

– The Network for rural information (the Weather Bureau), the West Agriculture On-Line (the ChengDu Municipal Government),

– The Network for Agricultural Science and Technology (Provincial Agricultural Academy),

– The Network of the SiChuan Agricultural University etc.

• All the networks are providing services to the farmers free of charge.



• The Western Agriculture On-Line （ www.xibunongye.com.cn ; or :www.cwaol.gov.cn ）

• It is a network built by the ChengDu Municipal Government with Information Centers built in all the 9 District and 12 Counties of the ChengDu city.

• The Network links to the “information point” in every village for delivering the information interactively. There are trained information responsible in every village who is engaged in assisting farmers to use the facilities for information delivering. The home-pages of Districts and Counties are linked to professional web-sites like the Web-site for Vegitable, Web-site for Flowers etc.


The Western Agriculture On-Line

• The WenJiang District of ChengDu has implemented sales amounted to 45 million Chinese Yuan (about 550 thousands US$) in 2002 due to these activities on the web and through the Rural Information Service Centers. This is roughly the 22.5% of the total sales in 2002 of the whole District.


The Western Agriculture On-Line

• The Internet shortened the distance between WenJiang District and users throughout the country, and, at the same time, facilitated the gardening products of WenJiang to enter the networked market of dominant provinces, cities and districts. Recently the products of this district are sold to over 80 districts and cities of SiChuan and also to most of provinces and cities (e.g. Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Chongqing, Shanxi, Gansu, Lanzhou, Xinjiang, Hebei, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Shenzhen, etc) of the country.


Modern Service Industry-1-The important factor to accelerate development

• Development of the modern service industry is an indicator of the economic capacity and effectiveness in the modern society

• In China it is very behind

• Under centralized planning economy the stress was on production only, the distribution was ignored;



• All services to the individuals and to enterprises have been under government’s control, monopolized; It was “control” rather than “service”;

• Since the reform and open door, it has been in a process of switch. There is great space and opportunity to develop the modern service industry in China.



• International collaboration is of key importance for China, especially the training of qualified labor force for the advanced modern service industry: – Law – Finance– Goods dissemination– Culture, tourism, multimedia service– E-Education– E-business– Communication and the Internet– Content service etc


Thank you for attentionWish you feel interesting to develop

collaboration with China on the Modern Service Industry!!!

You’re welcome to China forthe 2004’ World Engineers’

Convention,for the 2008’ Olympia,

and for Many Others!!!


The 1st wave The 2d wave The 3d wave（ 1960 － 1990 ）（ 1980 － recent time ）（ 1993 －　）

The Internet 　　　　　　 The Web 　　　　 The Grid Linked computers 　　 Linked web pages 　　　 Linked resources

TELNET including:FTP computing resource

BBS storage resource 　 EMAIL 　 information resource 　　　　 knowledge resource

http://www… grid://…. 　

The coming wave of the Internet application

november 2003qiheng hu, budapest1 ict in the progress of china qiheng hu china association for...

Documents

world slide

ict application

st slide

internet development

niq of china

computer world

budapest1 ict

human resources