novel compressed air energy storage...
TRANSCRIPT
Novel Compressed Air Energy Storage ConceptsDeveloped by ESPC
Presented to
EESATMay 2007
Presented by Presented by
Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Energy Storage and Power Energy Storage and Power Consultants, LLCConsultants, LLC
Presentation
• ESPC involvement in the 110 MW CAES Project for AEC
• Developed by ESPC CAES Plant Concepts as Applied to GE 7241 CTs
CAES Technology
ESPC involvement in the 110 MW CAES Project for AEC
CAES Technology Features
CAES technology was developed as a load management plant with the prime purposes:
• to increase load factor of base-load plants (Coal, Nuclear) during off-peak hoursstore the off peak power during
• Utilize is during peak hours when energy is needed and the price is high
• The AEC’s 110MW CAES Project had been driven by two factors:– Due to very low off peak loads, two 300 MW coal-fired plants during
off-peak hours operated at very low load with extremely high heat rate and sometimes had been shot down
– AEC had shortage of peak power purchased from SCS
• The current development of Wind Power- the primarily uncontrollable energy source- requires the CAES plants to store wind energy produced during off-peak hours and distribute it with additional benefits during peak hours when energy is needed and cost of energy is high.
Fundamentals of the AI technology
Schematic for AEC CAES Plant (110 MW – 26 Hour)
FuelAfter-cooler
Compressors (50 MW)
LP HP
Expanders (110 MW)
HP IP-2 IP-1 LP LP HP
Intercoolers
SSS Clutches
Ambient Air
Underground Storage Cavern: A Solution Mined Salt Cavern
Motor/Gen
Recuperator
Heat RateEnergy Ratio
41000.81
Exhaust Stack
Salt Cavern Air Store:Distance to Surface = 1500 ftHeight = 1000 ftAvg. Diameter = 156 ftVolume = 22MCF
Pressure = 650 psi
ESPC’s Role in the AEC CAES ProjectThe only Operating CAES Power Plant
ESPC developed the 110 MW CAES plant concept based on available off-shelf components including:
• The reheat, Intercooled and recuperated turbomachinery based on available Dresser Rand compressor and expander standard components
• Storage parameters• Control philosophy for operation and Safety• Advanced Recuperator
ESPC was conducting Technical Supervision of the Project including:• Supervision of the turbomachinery development by Dresser Rand• Supervision of the HP combustors development by AIT• Development of the test procedures• Supervised performance guarantee tests and issued the Test Report• Under contract with EPRI, ESPC recorded key plant parameters
during 1991-1994 -three years after the project commercialization, and issued “ Value Engineering” Report
Ground Breaking Ceremony ESPC Received EPRI/ DOE’s Dr. R. Schainker, EPRI/DOE Achievement Award Ray Claussen, AEC, VP Operations, PlanningDr. M. Nakhamkin, ESPC
Alabama Compressed Air Energy Storage PlantPeak Power 110 MW; 26 hrs of continuous Power Generation;
Heat rate is 4000 Btu/kWh; Off-Peak Power 51MW, Capital Cost $600/kW
Unique Features of the AEC’s turbomachinery
The CT Plant with
– Reheat expander
– Intercooled Compressor train
– Advanced Recuperator
– Power Control by both fuel and air flows
AEC 110 MW – 26 Hour CAES Plant (Commercial Operation 5/31/91)
AEC CAES Plant (McIntosh, Alabama):
AEC CAES Plant (McIntosh, Alabama): - - Arial View - -
AEC McIntosh Site: CAES Plant On Right and Two Combustion Turbines On Left
Geologic Formations Potentially Suitable for CAES Plants That Use Underground Storage
CAES Air Storage Reservoir: McIntosh Alabama Salt Cavern
Cavern Characteristics- Volume ~ 22M cubic ft.
- Distance from Surface to Top of Cavern ~ 1500 ft.
- Distance from Surface to Bottom of Cavern ~ 2500 ft.
- Average Diameter of Cavern ~ 270 ft.
- Average Wall Temperature ~ 60F
Cavern Wellhead at AEC CAES Salt Cavern
Alabama Electric Cooperative CAES Plant: 110 MW Turbomachinery Hall
From Left to Right: Compressors, Clutch, Motor-Generator and Expansion Turbine
CAES Plant ConceptsDeveloped & Patented by ESPC
with examples demonstrated based onGE 7FA Combustion Turbines
Advantages of Novel concepts
• The CAES concept for AEC was based on the turbomachinery developed and customized by ESPC using various compressor, expander, combustor, recuperator, etc. components
• It resulted in increased costs, longer schedule with extensive and expensive tuning up efforts.
• Novel Concepts are:– Simple and based on standard combustion turbine– CAES technology is external to the CT and is based on the air
bottoming cycle (similar to steam bottoming cycle for CC plants)– They have significantly lower capital costs without any additional
fuel burners/combustors– Schedule time is within two years– The storage size is significantly reduced with associated costs
CTs Performance vs. Ambient TemperaturesGER 3567H
GE 7241CT Performance(no storage, no injection)
1.613E+09 kJ/hr LHV Heat Input 8.96 kg/sec Fuel
35.0 C20.00 bar
0.0 kg/sec
0.0 MW
30.0 C1.01 bar
0.0 kg/sec
30.0 C 613.8 C1.01 bar 159.8 MW 1.01 bar
421.0 kg/sec 10,094 kJ/kWh r 429.9 kg/sec
35.0 C40.00 bar
164.6 C 0.0 kg/sec65.00 bar 159.8 MW T otal Power
0.0 kg/sec 10,094 kJ/kWh r Heat Rate
ExhaustAir
Power Product ion Mode
Compressed Air
Compressor
Gas Turbine
Motor
Storage
Air
IntercoolersRecuperator
FuelAir Injection
CAES-AI Plant Based on GE 7241CT1.710E+09 kJ/hr LHV Heat Input
9.50 kg/sec Fuel
486.6 C20.00 bar
50.0 kg/sec
29.1 MW
30.0 C1.01 bar50.0 kg/sec
30.0 C 586.6 C1.01 bar 193.1 MW 1.01 bar
421.0 kg/sec 8,854 kJ/kWh r 480.5 kg/sec
35.0 C40.00 bar
164.6 C 50.0 kg/sec65.00 bar 193.1 MW T otal Power
50.0 kg/sec 8,854 kJ/kWh r Heat Rate
ExhaustAir
Power Product ion Mode
Compressed Air
Compressor
Gas Turbine
Motor
Storage
Air
IntercoolersRecuperator
FuelAir Injection
CAES-AI Based on GE 7241 with Expander
1.744E+09 kJ/hr LHV Heat Input 9.69 kg/sec Fuel
327.0 C20.00 bar 8.6 MW
50.0 kg/sec
30.3 MW 486.9 C
30.0 C1.01 bar 545.0 C50.0 kg/sec
30.0 C 586.9 C1.01 bar 193.5 MW 1.01 bar
421.0 kg/sec 9,013 kJ/kWh r 480.6 kg/sec
35.0 C54.00 bar
187.7 C 50.0 kg/sec77.00 bar 202.1 MW T otal Power
50.0 kg/sec 8,631 kJ/kWh r Heat Rate
ExhaustAir
Power Production Mode
Compressed Air
Compressor
Gas Turbi ne
Motor
Storage
Air
IntercoolersRecuperator
FuelAir Injection Expander
CAES-AI Based on GE 7241with Bottoming Cycle
19.5 C1.00 bar
475.0 kg/sec
149.5 MW
327.0 C20.00 bar
1.744E+09 kJ/hr LHV Heat Input 525.0 kg/sec9.69 kg/sec Fuel
327.0 C20.00 bar 89.9 MW
50.0 kg/sec
318.3 MW 486.9 C
30.0 C1.01 bar 124.8 C
525.0 kg/sec
30.0 C 586.9 C1.01 bar 193.5 MW 1.01 bar
421.0 kg/sec 9,015 kJ/kWh r 480.6 kg/sec
35.0 C54.00 bar
187.7 C 525.0 kg/sec77.00 bar 432.9 MW T otal Power525.0 kg/sec 4,029 kJ/kWh r Heat Rate
ExhaustAir
Power Production Mode
Compressed Air
Compressor
Gas Turbine
Motor
Storage
Air
IntercoolersRecuperator
FuelAir Injection HP Expander
LP Expander
CAES-AI with Bottoming Cycle & Inlet Chilling
16.1 C1.00 bar
1.716E+09 kJ/hr LHV Heat Input 500.0 kg/sec9.53 kg/sec Fuel
253.2 MW
297.6 MW 502.4 C
35.0 C1.01 bar 117.9 C
475.0 kg/sec
15.0 C 602.4 C1.01 bar 174.0 MW 1.01 bar
444.4 kg/sec 9,863 kJ/kWh r 454.0 kg/sec
35.0 C74.00 bar
207.2 C 500.0 kg/sec87.00 bar 427.2 MW T otal Power475.0 kg/sec 4,018 kJ/kWh r Heat Rate
ExhaustAir
Power Production Mode
Compressed Air
Compressor
Gas Turbine
Motor
Storage
Air
IntercoolersRecuperator
FuelExpander
CAES Based on GE 7241with Bottoming Cycle
30.1 C1.615E+09 kJ/hr LHV Heat Input 1.00 bar
8.97 kg/sec Fuel 475.0 kg/sec
240.1 MW
288.0 MW 514.4 C
30.0 C1.01 bar 120.0 C
475.0 kg/sec
30.0 C 614.4 C1.01 bar 160.1 MW 1.01 bar
421.0 kg/sec 10,090 kJ/kWh r 429.9 kg/sec
35.0 C64.00 bar
187.7 C 475.0 kg/sec77.00 bar 400.1 MW T otal Power475.0 kg/sec 4,036 kJ/kWh r Heat Rate
ExhaustAir
Power Production Mode
Compressed Air
Compressor
Gas Turbi ne
Motor
Storage
Air
IntercoolersRecuperator
Fuel Expander
Summary Table of Performance Estimates(w/o specific optimization)
1.20.60.50.60.60.51.0Simplicity
1700700700700375327900Appr. Specific Capital Costs, $/kW
1.51.351.35 1.40.851.081.0Relative Cavern Volume
7.56.76.756.94.35.45.0Specific Air Consump. Kg/kWh
0401838994029863188544185Total Power Fuel Related HR, kJ/kWh
04000490319030304000CAES Power related Heat Rate, kJ/kWh
96300288318302981Off-Peak Comp. Power, MW
722572402724233110CAES Power, MW
72427400433202193110Total Power, MW
AdiabaticCAES-AI w. Expander & Inlet Chilling
CAES & Expander
CAES-AI & HP and LP Expander
CAES-AI & HP Expander
CAES-AICAES Conven.
Comparative Analysis of Generation Costsfor
Coal. CT, CC and CAES plants
Peaking Power Generation Options Comparison Fuel Price @ $10 per MM BTU Gas (Coal $2)
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Capacity Factor (%)
Cos
t ($/
kW-Y
r)
Coal CT CTCC CAES
Technology Offerings• ESPC offers the Power Augmentation - AI and CAES
technology for licensing.
• ESPC delivers the AI and CAES projects on turn-key basis with typical performance guarantees
• ESPC is flexible to cooperate with Customers in delivery the AI and CAES projects.
• Discussion of program
Business contacts- Dr. Michael Nakhamkin [[email protected]]Website: www.espcinc.com
Typical Injections into CT/CC Plants