novel ccu technologies a sapea report · 2018-10-03 · w/ ccs o 2 s t-o 2 s fossil (reduced)...

Novel CCU TechnologiesA SAPEA Report

Marco Mazzotti, ETH ZurichDG Clima Workshop

Brussels – September 17th, 2018

Outline

1. The CCU system2. RES efficiency in delivering energy services3. Carbon balances of technology chains4. Innovation needed

1. The CCU system

2. CO2conversion

C-rich product 3. Product

utilizationC-rich waste1. CO2

capture CO24. Disposal

of CO2

1. The CCU system

2. CO2conversion


utilizationC-rich waste1. CO2

capture CO24. Disposal

of CO2

1. The CCU system

2.2. H2synthesis H2

2.3. CO2 + H2 reaction

2.1. RES harvesting power

2. CO2conversion


utilizationC-rich waste

1. CO2capture CO2

4. Disposal of CO2

1. The CCU system

2.2. H2synthesis

H22.3. CO2 +

H2 reaction2.1. RES

harvesting power

CCU POTENTIAL IN EU TO SUPPORT:• climate change objectives;• circular economy (O- vs. L-economy);• energy security and RES deployment;• evolution of CO2 capture systems.

2. CO2conversion



1. CO2capture CO2

4. Disposal of CO2

1. The CCU system

2.2. H2synthesis

H22.3. CO2 +

H2 reaction2.1. RES

harvesting power


WG VIEW: SOCIETAL SERVICES• power generation and distribution;• fuels (and power) for transport;• long-term long-range RES storage;• industrial products and materials.

2. CO2conversion



1. CO2capture CO2

4. Disposal of CO2

1. The CCU system

2.2. H2synthesis

H22.3. CO2 +

H2 reaction2.1. RES

harvesting power

CCU CYCLES• Energy cycle• Carbon cycle• Material cycles


WG VIEW: SOCIETAL SERVICES• power generation and distribution;• fuels (and power) for transport;• long-term long-range RES storage;• industrial products and materials.

2. RES efficiency in service delivery

2. RES efficiency in service delivery100%

100%

80%

H2

100%

H2O

40%

45%


100%

80%

H2

100%

H2O

40%

45%


100%

80%

CH4

15%

35%

CO2 + REN

H2

100%

H2O

40%

45%

2. Energy mix100%

100%

80%

CH4

15%

35%

CO2

CO2 + REN

H2

100%

H2O

40%

2. Road transport

100%

80%

CH4

15%

CO2

CO2 + REN

9 PWh4.5 PWh 24 PWh

Road EU-283.5 PWh (2015)

RES EU-282.5 PWh (2015)

3. Carbon balances

3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. Carbon balancesFunctional unit

processing utilizationC-rich product

C-free product

C-rich feedstock (reduced C)

C-free resources (materials and/or

energy)

CO2 CO2

C-free waste

C-free waste

service

3. Carbon balancesFunctional unit 1: C-use and centralized CO2 emissions


C-free product



energy)

CO2 CO2

C-free waste

C-free waste

service

Functionalunit1:•  fossil-fuel-firedpowerplant•  largescaleindustrialboilerforheat

generation•  chemicalplantcoupledtoincinerator

forC-richwastedisposal(polymericmaterials)

Functionalunit2:•  ureaproductionanduse•  fuels(cars,ships,planes)synthesis

anduse•  chemicalplantnot-coupledto

incinerator,ortoincineratorwithoutCO2capture

3. Carbon balancesFunctional unit 1: C-use and centralized CO2 emissions

Functional unit 2: C-use and distributed CO2 emissions


C-free product



energy)

CO2 CO2

C-free waste

C-free waste

service

Functionalunit1:•  fossil-fuel-firedpowerplant•  largescaleindustrialboilerforheat

generation•  chemicalplantcoupledtoincinerator

forC-richwastedisposal(polymericmaterials)

Functionalunit2:•  ureaproductionanduse•  fuels(cars,ships,planes)synthesis

anduse•  chemicalplantnot-coupledto

incinerator,ortoincineratorwithoutCO2capture

3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

Functional unit 1: point source CO2emissions

Functional unit 2: distributed CO2 emissions

3. Carbon balances

1. L-economyposit

ive

CO2

emiss

ions



3. Carbon balances

1. L-economyposit

ive

CO2

emiss

ions

Fossil (reduced) carbonOxidized carbon (CO2)Synthetic (reduced) carbonBiogenic (reduced) carbon



Renewable energy sourceCO2 conversion plant, incl. electrolyzer for H2

Direct air capture of CO2 from the atmosphere (DAC)

Biomass treatment plant

Managed biomass growth

Post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC)

Underground CO2 storage

CO2 in the atmosphere

3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economy

w/ CCS

po

sit

ive

CO

2

em

issio

ns

ne

t-ze

ro C

O2

em

issio

ns

Fossil (reduced) carbon

Oxidized carbon (CO2)

Synthetic (reduced) carbon

Biogenic (reduced) carbon

Functional unit 1: point source CO2

emissions


Renewable energy source

CO2 conversion plant, incl. electrolyzer for H2







3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economyw/ CCS

posi

tive

CO

2em

issi

ons

net-

zero

CO

2em

issi

ons

4. L-economyw/ DAC-CS






emissionsFunctional unit 2: distributed CO2 emissions








3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economyw/ CCS

2. L-economy w/ CCUposit

ive

CO2

emiss

ions

net-z

ero

CO2

emiss

ions


Fossil (reduced) carbonOxidized carbon (CO2)Synthetic (reduced) carbonBiogenic (reduced) carbon










3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economyw/ CCS

2. L-economy w/ CCU

5. O-economy w/ CCU

6. O-economyw/ DAC-CU

posi

tive

CO2

emis

sion

sne

t-ze

ro C

O2

emis

sion

s







emissionsFunctional unit 2: distributed CO2 emissions








3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economy

w/ CCS

2. L-economy w/ CCU

5. O-economy

w/ CCU

6. O-economy

w/ DAC-CU

7. O-economy w/ bio-energy

po

sit

ive

CO

2

em

issio

ns

ne

t-ze

ro

CO

2

em

issio

ns

4. L-economy

w/ DAC-CS






emissions


Renewable energy source

CO2 conversion plant, incl. electrolyzer for H2






CO2

in the atmosphere

3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economy

w/ CCS

2. L-economy w/ CCU

5. O-economy

w/ CCU6. O-economy

w/ DAC-CU


8. NET-economy w/ bio-

energy and CCS: BECCS

9. NET-economy w/

DAC and CS: DACCS

po

siti

ve C

O2

em

issi

on

s

ne

gati

ve C

O2

em

issi

on

s

ne

t-ze

ro C

O2

em

issi

on

s

4. L-economy

w/ DAC-CS






emissions









3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economyw/ CCS

2. L-economy w/ CCU

5. O-economy w/ CCU



8. NET-economy w/ bio-energy and CCS: BECCS

9. NET-economy w/ DAC and CS: DACCS

posi

tive

CO

2em

issi

ons

nega

tive

CO

2em

issi

ons

net-

zero

CO

2em

issi

ons


A FEW COMMENTS• C-free RES to be LCA-assessed;• CCU neither sufficient nor needed for O-

economy, while CO2 capture needed;• CO2 storage necessary for NETs;• full LCA needed to allocate CO2 emissions

to stakeholders.

3. Carbon balances

1. L-economy

3. L-economyw/ CCS

2. L-economy w/ CCU

5. O-economy w/ CCU



8. NET-economy w/ bio-energy and CCS: BECCS

9. NET-economy w/ DAC and CS: DACCS

posi

tive

CO

2em

issi

ons

nega

tive

CO

2em

issi

ons

net-

zero

CO

2em

issi

ons


A FEW COMMENTS• C-free RES to be LCA-assessed;• CCU neither sufficient nor needed for O-

economy, while CO2 capture needed;• CO2 storage necessary for NETs;• full LCA needed to allocate CO2 emissions

to stakeholders.

SIMPLIFIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS• the whole technology chain, incl. RES,

CO2 source, product, C-waste release;• Carbon and energy balances around the

system boundaries;• infrastructure and land use needs;• deployment current and projected scale.

4. Innovation needed1. Policy perspective – Measures, regulations and incentives

should examine the energy system, including CCU, in a holistic, integrated, coordinated and transparent manner.

2. Systemic perspective – A system approach is required when evaluating the energy system and its CCU sub-systems; progress is needed, in terms both of stakeholder awareness and of consistent definitions of system boundaries and of reference datasets.

3. Technology perspective – There are scientific and technical challenges in the areas of: 1. collection and purification of CO2 from different sources;2. synthesis of green-hydrogen via water splitting powered by RES;3. reductive activation catalytic technologies for CO2 conversion to

fuels and chemicals.

novel ccu technologies a sapea report · 2018-10-03 · w/ ccs o 2 s t-o 2 s fossil (reduced)...

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