Noun Clauses & Indirect Speech

Week 13, Mon 11/16/15

Todd Windisch, Fall 2015

Announcements

• Last day for writing packet #2 extra credit is today

• Computer lab on Wednesday:• Building 26B, Room 1555

Updated Schedule

• 11/18 : First drafts of Writing Packet #4, Peer Review• Return Writing Packet #3

• 11/23 : Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz

• 11/25 : Final drafts of Writing Packet #4

• 11/30 : Review for final grammar, gerunds and infinitives quiz

• 12/2 : Writing Conferences• Extra credit for Writing Packet #3 due

• 12/7 : FINAL EXAM• Extra credit for Reading Response #2 & Writing Packet #4 due

Today’s Agenda

• Collect homework

• Quiz

• Noun clauses & indirect speech

Direct & Indirect Speech

• Direct Speech: to report the exact words someonesaid

• Direct: Todd said, “My favorite food as a child waspickles.”

• Indirect speech (also known as reported speech) refersto a sentence reporting what someone has said.

• Indirect: Todd said (that) his favorite food as a childhad been pickles.

Direct/Quoted Speech (p. 258)

• Need quotation marks

• Todd said, “My favorite food as a child was pickles.”

• Direct speech is introduced by a reporting verb:• Asked

• Claimed

• Said

• Stated

• Told

• Wondered

Try to punctuate these direct quotes:1. Mary said I am starving2. Sam asked Where is the best place to eat around here3. Mary told Sam The best place to eat around here is Jack in the Box.

Exercise 34, p. 259

• Can you add punctuation to this paragraph?

Indirect/Reported Speech (p. 261)

• No quotation marks:

• Todd said (that) his favorite food had been pickles.

• Need a reporting verb (previous slide)

• Usually use a noun clause or phrase to report indirect speech. • Noun clause: (that) her favorite food was French fries.

• Noun clause = dependent clause that replaces a noun in a sentence (subject, object, or complement)

Indirect/Reported Speech• Changing verb tenses (backshift of tense):

Note that the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous do not change.

Direct speech Indirect speech

Simple Present ➙ Simple Past

Present Progressive ➙ Past Progressive

Present Perfect ➙ Past Perfect

Present Perfect Progressive ➙ Past Perfect Progressive

Simple Past ➙ Past Perfect

Modals: Will, can, may, must ➙ Would, could, might, had to

Imperative ➙ Infinitive

Indirect/Reported Speech

• Changing pronouns, personal and possessive:

Direct speech Reported speech

I me my ➙ he / she him / her his / her

We us ours ➙ they them their

Indirect/Reported Speech• Time expressions:

Direct speech Reported speech

Now ➙ then

(a week) ago ➙ (a week) before or previously

Today/ This day ➙ that day

Tonight/ This Evening ➙ that night/ that evening

Yesterday ➙ the day before/ the previous day

Tomorrow ➙the following day / the next day/ the

day after

Next day / week / month / year ➙the following day / week / month /

year

Last (weekend) ➙The weekend before/the previous

weekend

Indirect/Reported Speech• Place/Time expressions:

Direct speech Reported speech

Here ➙ there

This ➙ that

These ➙ those

Now ➙ Then

Practice!

• Find a partner and come get a handout from the teacher

• One person is student A and one person is student B

• Read the quotes on your handout and have your partner respond with reported speech. You can check their answers on the right side• Student A: “I want candy!”

• Student B: You said that you wanted candy.

• Student A: Correct!

Spoken/Casual English

• In spoken English, we sometimes do not change verbs in a noun clause, especially if what we are reporting happened a short time ago• Yesterday, Amy said, “Jack didn’t come to work.”

• Yesterday, Amy said Jack didn’t come to work.• This is correct when speaking.

• Yesterday, Amy said Jack hadn’t come to work.• This is also correct and more common in writing.

Reporting Verb in Present/Future

• If the reporting verb is in the simple present, present progressive, present perfect, or future, the verb in the noun clause does not change.• Betty says, “I’m going to buy a new car.”

• Betty says that she’s going to buy a new car.

• Betty says that she was going to buy a new car.

HOMEWORK

• When I assign homework from English Grammar, there is a specific way I would like you to do your homework:• Complete the homework on a separate sheet of paper (not in your book)

• Correct your own homework using the answer key in the back of the book

• Try to understand why you got the answer wrong; if you cannot find out why, make a note and ask me during class

• Tonight’s homework:• Chapter 12: Exercise 33, 37, 42, & 44