notes on the genus bactrocera fruit fly species in …...goes, was unexpectedly not detected from...
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Res. Bull. Pl. Prot. Japan No. 55:43~ 51(2019)
Scientific Note
Notes on the Genus Bactrocera Fruit Fly species in Mango Orchards in Myanmar
Shigehito NAKAHARA, Mitsuru KATAYAMA1), Mu Mu Thein2), Khin Nyunt Yee2), Shaine Shane Naing2), Win Soe3), Than Htiek3) and Kenji TSURUTA4)
Research Division, Yokohama Plant Protection Station. 1-16-10 Shin-yamashita, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0801 JAPAN.
Abstract: Two surveys were conducted in the dry season and monsoon season by the Japan International Cooperation Agen-
cy (JICA) in 2014 to reveal the presence of the Bactrocera fruit fly species in Myanmar. In the survey, host fruit sampling
and trapping were conducted at four major mango production areas, namely the Yangon, Bago and Mandalay regions and
Shan State, and more than seventy thousand Bactrocera fruit fly specimens were collected in twenty mango orchards in nine
townships. While results of the seasonal occurrence of serious quarantine pest species were previously reported, further anal-
ysis was made in this study to determine fruit fly fauna in mango orchards. Based on the morphological research, twenty
Bactocera species were identified including major serious fruit flies such as B. dorsalis, B. correcta and B. cucurbitae. Out
of the twenty species, nine were new findings and not recorded previously in Myanmar.
Key words: Dacinae, Bactrocera, Myanmar, attractant, quarantine, plant protection
Introduction
In recent years, some taxonomists have reported on the Dacinae
fruit fly fauna of countries such as India, Bangladesh and China
around Myanmar (Kapoor, 1993; Leblanc et al., 2013, 2014; Fericia
Kueh Tai Hui et al., 2013; Drew et al., 2007; Hardy, 1973; Liang et
al., 1993; Tsuruta and White; 2001, Tsuruta, 1998). According to
Drew and Romig (2013), at least fourteen Bactrocera species seem to
occur in Myanmar, but no significant information has been reported
of Bactrocera fruit fly fauna in Myanmar. Two types of approaches,
i.e. fruit sampling and adult fly trapping, were conducted by the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2014 in order to reveal
the distribution of the pest fruit flies in mango orchards in Myanmar.
While Nakahara et al. (2018) previously reported the seasonal occur-
rence information of serious plant quarantine pest species such as B.
correcta, B. dorsalis and B. cucurbiae, this study summarizes all the
species collected in the survey under the view of a fauna of the fruit
flies, which is the first comprehensive report of fruit fly species occur-
ring in mango orchards in Myanmar.
Materials and methods
Fruit fly specimens were collected from four major mango produc-
tion areas, namely the Yangon, Bago and Mandalay regions and Shan
State, using two methods, i.e. fruit sampling and adult fly trapping.
The methods in detail and geographical data of the locations were
described in detail in Nakahara et al. (2018). The specimens were
kept in a dry state until observation. Morphological identification was
made under a stereoscopic microscope. For observation of the
terminalia, male abdomens were treated with 10% KOH and
transferred to distilled water for dissection as needed. They were
placed on double-sided tape and examined under a stereoscopic
microscope. Wings were mounted on prepared slides using gum-chlo-
ral mounting media and the length was measured under stereoscopic
a microscope. Each specimen was identified morphologically in the
laboratories of the Plant Protection Division (PPD) in Insein, Yangon,
and the Nagoya Plant Protection Station (NPPS) and Yokohama Plant
Protection Station (YPPS) in Japan. The main references used for
identification were White and Elson-Harris (1992), Drew and Romig
(2013) and Drew and Romig (2016), while other papers were referred
1) Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Pref., Japan2) Plant Protection Division (PPD), Yangon3) Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, Ayeyarwaddy Region4) Chiba City, Chiba Pref., Japan
44 Res. Bull. Pl. Prot. Japan No.55
to as needed. Several researchers suggested the elevation of the Bac-
trocera subgenus Zeugodacus to full genus level based on phyloge-
netic data in recent years (De Meyer et al., 2015; Doorenweerd et al.,
2018; Krosch et al., 2012; Virgilio et al., 2015). However, Han et al.
(2017) refers to weak statistical support based on poor sampling data,
and that the view has not been accepted by some authors. We consid-
ered the status is in the middle of discussion and used the Bactrocera
subgenus Zeugodacus in the study. The specimens examined are
deposited in the Research Division of the Yokohama Plant Protection
Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
Results and discussion
In the fruit sampling, more than two thousand adult flies were
detected from mango fruits. As a result of identification, three species
were confirmed including Bactrocera carambolae, B. correcta and B.
dorsalis. However, B. zonata, well known as a species infesting man-
goes, was unexpectedly not detected from mango fruits in the survey.
B. latifrons, not pest of mangoes, were detected from fresh chili
(Capsicum sp.) cultivated on the premises of the PPD in Insein,
Yangon. In the adult fly traps, more than seventy thousand adult
males were collected by the trapping survey. As a result of morpho-
logical observation, nineteen species were detected as follows: B.
(Asiadacus) apicalis, B. (Bactrocera) bhutaniae, B. (Bactrocera) car-
ambolae, B. (Bactrocera) correcta, B. (Bactrocera) dorsalis, B. (Bac-
trocera) nigrifacia, B. (Bactrocera) rubigina, B. (Bactrocera) sp. near
lateritaenia, B. (Bactrocera) tuberculata, B. (Bactrocera) zonata, B.
(Parasinodacus) cilifera, B. (Parasinodacus) incisa, B. (Sinodacus)
hochii, B. (Sinodacus) sp. near laterum, B. (Zeugodacus) caudata, B.
(Zeugodacus) cucurbitae, B. (Zeugodacus) diversa, B. (Zeugodacus)
isolata, B. (Zeugodacus) tau (refer to Fig 1, Fig 2, Table 1 and Fruit
flies recorded in the present study (described below)).
According to previous reports, fourteen Bactrocera species are oc-
curring in Myanmar (CABI, 2017; Drew and Romig, 2013). Out of
these species, nine species were confirmed in our survey, and the
other five species (data not shown) were not detected. In addition to
those nine species, eleven other species were detected in our survey.
Among the species, two species, B. sp. near lateritaenia and B. sp.
near laterum, could not be identified exactly because there were few
samples and a sufficient analysis could not be conducted. Although
not described in detail in this paper, another B. sp was also recorded
in addition to the two species. Further investigation is necessary about
the three species using more specimens. For the other nine species,
namely B. apicalis, B. bhutaniae, B. carambolae, B. cilifera, B. diver-
sa, B. hochii, B. isolate, B. nigrifacia and B. rubigina, it would be the
first time for a scientific journal to report their distribution in
Myanmar.
Seven species, namely B. carambolae, B. correcta, B. dorsalis, B.
tuberculata, B. zonata, B. cilifera and B. cucurbitae, were detected in
all research area regardless of altitude, suggesting widespread distri-
bution in mango cultivation areas. Five species, namely B. apicalis, B.
diversa, B. hochii, B. sp. near lateritaenia and B. sp. near laterum,
were detected in the Yangon and/or Bago regions only. Three species,
namely B. incisa, B. isolata and B. bhutaniae, were detected in
Mandalay and Shan State only respectively. In addition, three species,
namely B. caudate, B. rubigina and B. tau, were not detected in Shan
State. A probable reason is that their habitat depends on host plants
and the surrounding environment of mango orchards. This survey was
carried out largely in mango orchards and the surrounding area. How-
ever, twenty species were found despite the limited research area,
suggesting a diversity of fruit fly fauna in Myanmar. This survey
should contribute to advancing studies on fruit flies because there is
little information on fruit flies in Myanmar.
Fruit flies recorded in the present study
Bactrocera (Asiadacus) apicalis (de Meijere) (Fig 1: 1)
Distribution: Brunei, China, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and In-
donesia (Drew and Romig, 2013). Attractant: cue-lure. Host: Tricho-
santhes wawraei flowers (Cucurbitaceae) (Allwood et al., 1999). This
is probably the first record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) bhutaniae (Fig 1: 2)
Distribution: Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand and
Taiwan (Doorenweerd et al., 2018; Drew and Romig, 2013). Attrac-
tant: cue-lure. Host: Xylosma brachystachys (Flacortiaceae) (Drew
and Romig, 2013). Doorenweerd et al. (2019) doubts the plant name
based on the fact that it is unresolved in Theplantlist.org (2017). This
is probably the first record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew & Hancock (Fig 1: 3)
Distribution: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Introduced into French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname (Drew and
Romig, 2013). Attractant: methyl eugenol. Host: The species is a ma-
jor pest of edible and rainforest fruits (Allwood et al., 1999; CABI,
2017). The distribution has been suggested in previous surveys, how-
ever this is probably the first published record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) correcta (Bezzi) (Fig 1: 4)
Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pa-
kistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam (Drew and Romig, 2013).
Attractant: methyl eugenol. Host: The species is a major pest of com-
mercial edible fruits and wild fruits (Allwood et al., 1999; CABI,
2017; Drew and Romig, 2013; Tsuruta and White, 1997).
Bactocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel) (Fig 1: 5, Fig 2)
Distribution: Asian countries such as Bhutan, Cambodia, Hong
Kong, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, China, Sri Lanka, Tai-
wan and Vietnam (CABI, 2017; Drew and Romig, 2013). African
countries including Angola, Benin and Congo. Oceania countries
December. 2019 Nakahara et al.: Bactrocera Fruit Fly species in Myanmar. 45Ta
ble
1. S
umm
ary
of fr
uit fl
y sp
ecie
s col
lect
ed
B.(A
siad
acus
) api
calis
Cue
-lure
Hle
gu (Y
), Pe
gu (B
) and
Pat
hein
gyi (
M)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) b
huta
niae
Cue
-lure
Taun
ggyi
(S) a
nd N
yaun
g Sh
we
(S)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) c
aram
bola
eM
ethy
l eug
enol
Hle
gu (Y
), Pe
gu (B
), Si
ntga
ing
(M),
Kal
aw (S
), Ta
ungg
yi (S
) and
Nya
ung
Shw
e (S
)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) c
orre
cta
Met
hyl e
ugen
olH
legu
(Y),
Pegu
(B),
Am
arap
ura
(M),
Sint
gain
g (M
), P
athe
ingy
i (M
), K
alaw
(S)
, Tau
nggy
i (S)
and
Nya
ung
Shw
e (S
)D
rew
and
Rom
ig (2
013)
CA
BI (
2017
)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) d
orsa
lisM
ethy
l eug
enol
Hle
gu (Y
), Pe
gu (B
), A
mar
apur
a (M
), Si
ntga
ing
(M),
Pat
hein
gyi (
M),
Kal
aw (
S), T
aung
gyi (
S)an
d N
yaun
g Sh
we
(S)
Dre
w a
nd R
omig
(201
3)C
AB
I (20
17)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) l
atifr
ons
Inse
in (Y
)C
arro
ll et
al.
(200
2)M
cQua
te e
t al.
(201
3)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) n
igri
faci
aC
ue-lu
rePe
gu (B
), A
mar
apur
a (M
), Pa
thei
ngyi
(M) a
nd S
intg
aing
(M)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) r
ubig
ina
Cue
-lure
Hle
gu (Y
), Pe
gu (B
) and
Sin
tgai
ng (M
)B.
(Bac
troc
era
)sp
. nea
r lat
erita
enia
Cue
-lure
Hle
gu (Y
)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) t
uber
cula
taM
ethy
l eug
enol
Hle
gu (Y
), Pe
gu (B
), A
mar
apur
a (M
), Pa
thei
ngyi
(M),
Sint
gain
g (M
), K
alaw
(S)
, Tau
nggy
i (S)
and
Nya
ung
Shw
e (S
)D
rew
and
Rom
ig (2
013)
CA
BI (
2017
)
B.(B
actr
ocer
a) z
onat
aM
ethy
l eug
enol
Hle
gu (Y
), Pe
gu (B
), A
mar
apur
a (M
), Pa
thei
ngyi
(M),
Sint
gain
g (M
), K
alaw
(S)
, Tau
nggy
i (S)
and
Nya
ung
Shw
e (S
)
Dre
w a
nd R
omig
(201
3)(w
ide
spre
ad a
cros
s So
uth-
East
Asi
a) ,
CA
BI (
2017
)
B.(P
aras
inod
acus
) cili
fera
Cue
-lure
Hle
gu (Y
), Pe
gu (B
), A
mar
apur
a (M
), Pa
thei
ngyi
(M),
Sint
gain
g (M
), K
alaw
(S)
, Tau
nggy
i (S)
and
Nya
ung
Shw
e (S
)
B.(P
aras
inod
acus
) inc
isa
Cue
-lure
unkn
own
(M)
Dre
w a
nd R
omig
(201
3)B.
(Sin
odaz
cus)
hoc
hii
Cue
-lure
Hle
gu (Y
)B.
(Sin
odac
us) s
p. n
ear l
ater
umC
ue-lu
rePe
gu (B
)
B.(Z
eugo
dacu
s) c
auda
taC
ue-lu
reH
legu
(Y),
Pegu
(B),
Am
arap
ura
(M),
Path
eing
yi (M
) and
Sin
tgai
ng (M
)D
rew
and
Rom
ig (2
013)
CA
BI (
2017
)
B.(Z
eugo
dacu
s) c
ucur
bita
eC
ue-lu
reH
legu
(Y),
Pegu
(B),
Am
arap
ura
(M),
Path
eing
yi (M
), Si
ntga
ing
(M),
Taun
ggyi
(S)
and
Nya
ung
Shw
e (S
)D
rew
and
Rom
ig (2
013)
CA
BI (
2017
)
B.(Z
eugo
dacu
s) d
iver
saM
ethy
l eug
enol
Hle
gu (Y
)B.
(Zeu
goda
cus)
isol
ata
Cue
-lure
Am
arap
ura
(M) a
nd P
athe
ingy
i (M
)
B.(Z
eugo
dacu
s) ta
uC
ue-lu
reH
legu
(Y),
Pegu
(B),
Am
arap
ura
(M),
Path
eing
yi (M
) and
Sin
tgai
ng (M
)D
rew
and
Rom
ig (2
013)
(men
tione
d as
syn
onym
of
B. z
ahad
i), C
AB
I (20
17)
*etis
noitcelloC
eruLseicepS
The
repo
rt re
ferr
ing
todi
strib
utio
n in
Mya
nmar
* C
olle
ctio
n si
te in
dica
tes t
owns
hip
and
first
lette
r of t
he p
rodu
ctio
n ar
ea: Y
ango
n R
egio
n (Y
), B
ago
Reg
ion
(B),
Man
dala
y R
egio
n (M
) and
Sha
n St
ate
(S).
46 Res. Bull. Pl. Prot. Japan No.55
2-a
2-b
2-d
2-c
2-e
3-a
3-b
3-d
3-c
3-e 4-a
4-b
4-d
4-c
4-e
6-a
6-b
6-d
6-c
6-e
7-a
7-b
7-d
7-c
7-e 8-a
8-b
8-d
8-c
8-e
9-a
9-b
9-d
9-c
9-e 10-a
10-b
10-d
10-c
10-e
5-a
5-b
5-d
5-c
5-e
1-b
1-d
1-c
1-e1-a
Fig. 1. External morphological characteristics of twenty fruit fly species (1) 1. Bactrocera (Asiadacus) apicalis, 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) bhutaniae, 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae, 4. Bactrocera
(Bactrocera) correcta, 5. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis, 6. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons, 7. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrifacia, 8. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) rubigina, 9. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) sp. near lateritaenia, 10. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tuberculata
December. 2019 Nakahara et al.: Bactrocera Fruit Fly species in Myanmar. 47
13-c
12-a
12-b
12-d
12-c
12-e
13-a
13-b
13-d
13-c
13-e
16-a
16-b
16-d
16-c
16-e
17-c
17-e
17-b
17-d17-a
20-c
20-e
20-b
20-d20-a
19-c
19-e
19-b
19-d19-a
11-a
11-b
11-d
11-c
11-e
14-c14-b
14-d14-a 14-e
15-c15-b
15-a 15-e15-d
18-a
18-b
18-d 18-e
18-c
Fig. 1.External morphological characteristics of twenty fruit fly species (2) 11. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) zonata, 12. Bactrocera (Parasinodacus) cilifera, 13. Bactrocera (Parasinodacus) incisa, 14. Bactrocera
(Sinodacus) hochii, 15. Bactrocera (Sinodacus) sp. near laterum, 16. Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) caudata, 17. Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae, 18. Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) diversa, 19. Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) isolata, 20. Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau, a. Male adult (Female adult: B. latifrons) in dorsal view, b. Lateral view, c. Wing, d. face, e. Abdomen.
48 Res. Bull. Pl. Prot. Japan No.55
such as French Polynesia, Palau and Papua New Guinea. Introduced
into Hawaii and Mariana Islands. Eradicated from Ryukyu and Ogas-
awara Islands in Japan (CABI, 2017). Attractant: methyl eugenol.
Host: The species is a major pest of commercial edible fruits and wild
fruits (Allwood et al., 1999; CABI, 2017; Drew and Romig, 2013;
Tsuruta and White, 1997).
Scutum color pattern was highly variable, from almost entirely
black to entirely orange brown (Fig 2) in Myanmar. These color vari-
ations were found in populations in which B. dorsalis are recorded to
occur, i.e. Pakistan (Schutze et al., 2014), India (David and Ramani,
2011; Schutze et al., 2014) and Bangladesh (Leblanc et al., 2013).
Drew and Romig (2013) doubted the distribution of B. dorsalis in
India and Sri Lanka. In addition, Schutze et al. (2014) reorganized the
classification of a part species including B. dorsalis and several sib-
ling species in the latest research. In the future, there is a possibility
that the classification and distribution area will be reorganized even
further.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel) (Fig 1: 6)
Distribution: Asian countries including Indonesia, Thailand, Tai-
wan and Vietnam, and introduced into Hawaii (Carroll et al., 2002;
Drew and Romig, 2013). Attractant: No record. Host: Solanaceae and
nine other plant families (Allwood et al., 1999; CABI, 2017, Mc-
Quate and Liquido, 2013). The specimens have been bred from fresh
chili (Capsicum frutescens) in Yangon.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrifacia Zhang, Ji & Chen (Fig 1: 7)
Distribution: Bangladesh, China, Thailand and Taiwan (Lanyu Is.)
(Doorenweerd et al., 2019; Drew and Romig, 2013; Zhang et al.,
2011). Attractant: cue-lure. Host: Verbenaceae, Capparaceae, Cucur-
bitaceae, Euphorbiaceae (Drew and Romig, 2013). This is probably
the first record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) rubigina (Wang & Zhao) (Fig 1: 8)
Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Thailand, Northern Viet-
nam and Taiwan (Doorenweerd et al., 2019; Drew and Romig, 2013).
Attractant: cue-lure. Host: Litsea verticillata (Lauraceae)(Liang et al.,
1993). This is probably the first record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) sp. near lateritaenia Drew & Hancock (Fig
1: 9)
This specimen was similar in appearance to B. lateritaenia Drew
and Hancock which distributes in the Malay peninsula. Additional
specimens are required to reliably identify the species. B. lateritaenis
is reported from Brunei, Malaysia and Southern Vietnam (Drew and
Romig, 2013). Attractant: cue-lure. Host: No record.
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tuberculata (Bezzi) (Fig 1: 10)
Distribution: Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam
(Drew and Romig, 2013). Attractant: methyl eugenol. Host: Anacar-
diaceae, Caricaceae, Lecythidaceae, Myrtaceae, Polygalaceae, Rosa-
ceae, Sapotaceae (Allwood et al., 1999; CABI, 2017).
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) zonata (Saunders) (Fig 1: 11)
Distribution: Asian countries including Indonesia, Thailand and
Vietnam. Introduced into Mauritius and Egypt (CABI, 2017; Drew
and Romig, 2013). Attractant: methyl eugenol. Host: Wide range of
commercial edible fruits and wild fruits (Allwood et al., 1999; Drew
and Romig, 2013; Tsuruta et al., 1997).
Bactrocera (Parasinodacus) cilifera (Hendel) (Fig 1: 12)
Distribution: China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand
and Vietnam (Drew and Romig, 2013). Attractant: cue-lure. Host:
Male flowers of Thladiantha hookeri (Cucurbitaceae)(Allwood et al.,
1999). Requires confirmation (Hancock and Drew, 2017). This is
probably the first record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Parasinodacus) incisa (Walker) (Fig 1: 13)
Distribution: China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet-
nam (Drew and Romig, 2013; Hancock and Drew, 2017). Attractant:
cue-lure. Host: No record.
Bactrocera (Sinodacus) hochii (Zia) (Fig 1: 14)
Distribution: China, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand and
Indonesia (Chua and Ooi, 1998; Drew and Romig, 2013; Hancock
and Drew, 2018). Attractant: cue-lure. Host: Gymnopetalum co-
chinchinensis, Luffa aegyptiaca, Trichosanthes wawraei (Cucurbita-
ceae). This is probably the first record from the inland area of Myan-
mar.
Bactrocera (Sinodacus) sp. near laterum Wang (Fig 1: 15)
The specimens had the typical appearance of B. (Sinodacus) later-
um Wang in having distinct broad-sided lateral post-sutural yellow
vittae (Wang, 1996). Drew and Romig (2013) have organized B. lat-
erum as a new synonym of B. (Sinodacus) hochii. Additional speci-
mens are required to reliably identify the species. B. laterum is re-
Fig. 2. Color variation patterns on scutum and abdomen of Bactrocera dorsalis.
1,3-5; ♂, Sintgaing Township, Mandalay Region, 10-11. II. 2014, coll., 2; ♂, Taunggyi Township, Shan State, 4. VI. 2014, coll.
1 2 3 4 5
December. 2019 Nakahara et al.: Bactrocera Fruit Fly species in Myanmar. 49
ported from China (Wang, 1996). Attractant: cue-lure. Host: No
record.
Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) caudata (Fabricius) (Fig 1: 16)
Distribution: Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Attractant: cue-lure. Host:
Male flowers of Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae) (CABI, 2017;
Drew and Romig, 2013).
Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Fig 1: 17)
Distribution: The species is reported from many countries in the
world. Introduced into many countries including Hawaii (USA), Pap-
ua New Guinea and Solomon Islands (Drew and Romig, 2013). At-
tractant: cue-lure. Host: The species is recorded from nineteen plant
families including Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae (CABI,
2017).
Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) diversa (Coquillett) (Fig 1: 18)
Distribution: China, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,
Thailand and Vietnam (Drew and Romig, 2013; Hancock and Drew,
2018). Attractant: methyl eugenol. Host: Flowers of Cucurbitaceae.
Hemigimnodacus Hardy was placed as a new synonym of subgenus
Zeugodacus Hendel, with B. (Z.) diversa (Coquillett) (Hancock and
Drew, 2018). This is probably the first record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) isolata (Hardy) (Fig 1: 19)
Distribution: China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands (Ranganath and Veenakumari, 1999; Drew and
Romig, 2013). Attractant: cue-lure. Host: Capparis spp. and Maerua
spp. (Capparaceae) (Allwood et al., 1999). This is probably the first
record in Myanmar.
Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Fig 1: 20)
Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, China, India, Sri Lanka,
Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam,
Taiwan and Indonesia (CABI, 2017; Drew and Romig, 2013). Attrac-
tant: cue-lure. Host: The species is recorded from nineteen plant fam-
ilies including Cucurbitaceae and Fabaceae (CABI, 2017). Although
sibling species B. zahadi is reported from Myanmar (Mahmood,
1999), Drew and Romig (2013) suggests that both species might be
synonyms. While further investigation of both species is necessary,
we identified the specimens as B. tau according to Drew and Romig
(2013) in this report.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Ms. Tar Nway Oo (PPD Yangon), Ms. Thee
Su Su Aung (PPD Yangon), Ms. Tinzar Hla Oo (PPD Yangon), Mr.
Zaryar Soe (PPD Yangon) and other members of the PPD regional of-
fice for all their assistance on site. Colleagues of the Naha Plant Pro-
tection Office supplied many materials for provision of the trapping
work. Colleagues of the NPPS helped to discriminate the fruit flies.
We are grateful to Mr. Y. Yokoi (YPPS), Mr. M. Kaneda (YPPS) and
Mr. H. Matsuura (Kobe Plant Protection Station), who reviewed
drafts and provided critical comments. This activity was supported by
the JICA, Rural Development Department and the JICA Myanmar
Office. Also, we gratefully thank the Government of Myanmar, par-
ticularly the Plant Protection Division (PPD) of the Ministry of Agri-
culture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI) and the Plant Protection
Division of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)
of Japan for various arrangements necessary for the research work.
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December. 2019 Nakahara et al.: Bactrocera Fruit Fly species in Myanmar. 51
和 文 摘 要
ミャンマーのマンゴウ栽培園地におけるミバエの記録
中原 重仁・片山 満 1)・Mu Mu Thein2)・Khin Nyunt Yee2)・Shaine Shane Naing2)・ Win Soe3)・Than Htiek3)・鶴田 賢治 4)
横浜植物防疫所調査研究部
2014年 1- 2月及び同年 5- 6月の 2回、JICAによる「ミャンマー植物検疫技術協力に係るニーズ調査」の一環として、ミャンマーの主要なマンゴウ生産地域であるヤンゴン、バゴー、マンダレー、そしてシャン州南部のマンゴウ生産園地において、マンゴウ生果実の害虫であるミバエ種を特定するための野外調査を実施した。マンゴウ生果実を中心とした寄主植物採集とメチルユージノールとキュウルアを用いたトラップにより、ヤンゴン、バゴー、マンダレー、シャン州南部の主要なマンゴウ生
産地で 7万頭を超えるミバエを採集して識別・同定した結果、Bactrocera. correcta, B. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis等の主要な害虫種を含む合計 20種のミバエが確認された。これらのうち 9種は、おそらくミャンマーからは初めての報告となる。マンゴウ生産園地及びその周辺の限られた調査範囲にもかかわらず 20種ものミバエが確認され、ミャンマーにおけるミバエ相の多様性が示された。
1) 元神戸植物防疫所大阪支所(福岡市)2) Plant Protection Division (PPD), Yangon3) Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, Ayeyarwaddy Region4) 元横浜植物防疫所(千葉市)