KINGDOM-ANIMALIA

INVERTEBRATES VERTEBRATES

Porifera -Pisces

Cnidaria -Amphibians

Platyhelminthes -Reptilia

Nematoda -Aves

Annelida - Mammalia

Arthropoda

Mollusca

Echinodermata

Protochordata

INVERTEBRATES

1. PORIFERA

Organisms with holes and pores

They are commonly called as sponges and are found in marine habitat.

Non-motile, multicellular with cellular level of organization.

Asymmetric and acoelomate.

Body has many holes which leads to bring oxygen and food.

Body is covered with hard skeleton.

Eg. Euplectelea, Sycon, Spongilla.

2. COELENTERATA(CNIDARIA)

Multicellular with tissue level of organisation. Diploblastic, coelomate, radial symmetry. Shows some differentiation

into canal system.

Eg. Hydra, Sea anemone

3.PLATYHELMINTHES(FLAT WORMS)

Flat, ribbon like unsegmented body. Bilaterally symmetrical, acoelomate, triploblastic. Alimentary canal has only one opening that serves as both mouth and anus.

Eg. Liver fluke, Planaria, Tape worm, Blood fluke

4. NEMATODA

Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic. Body is cylindrical There are tissues but no real organs. Has pseudocoelom.

Eg. Ascaris, Wuchereria, Filarial worms

5. ANNELIDA

(SEGMENTED ANIMALS)

Soft body with ring like segments. Bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate, triploblastic. The organs are differentiated. The differentiation occurs in segmented

fashion with segments lined up from head to tail.(Bisexual/ Hermaphrodite).

Eg. Earthworm, Nereis, Leech

6. ARTHROPODA

Largest group of animals. Bilaterally symmetrical,segmented, coelomate, triploblastic. They have open circulatory system. The coelomic cavity is filled with blood (Haemocoelomate).Blood vessels

are absent. They have jointed legs and hard skeleton made up of chitin.

Eg. Palaemon (prawn), Pariplaneta (cockroach), Scolopendra(scorpion), Musca ( House fly), Scolopendra ( Centipede), Aranea (spider), Butterfly

7. MOLLUSCA

Soft bodied / shelled animals. Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomic cavity is reduced. Open circulatory system and kidney like organs for excretion.

Hard calciferous shell for protection. There is foot mainly for locomotion.

Eg. Chiton, Octopus, Snail, Unio

8. ECHINODERMATA

Possess coelomic cavity, triploblastic, radial symmetry in adults but bilaterally symmetrical in larval stage.

They possess peculiar water driven tube system that helps in locomotion.

A hard calcium carbonate covering is present which is used as skeleton. Mostly free living marine animals.Eg. Antedon (feather star), Holothuria ( Sea cucumber), Echinus (Sea urchin), Asterias (star fish)

9. PROTOCHORDATA

Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,coelomate. They possess new feature called notochord which is a long rod like

structure that runs along the back of the animal seperating the nervous tissue from the gut.

It is seen only in some stages of life. It provides a place for muscles to attach for the base of movement.

Eg. Balanoglossus, Amphioxus

CHARACTERISTICS OF VERTEBRATES

Have a notochord

Have a dorsal nerve cord

Are triploblastic

Have paired gill pouches

Are coelomate

PISCES

Skin covered with scales/ plates. Gills to breathe, streamlined body and muscular tail for movement. Cold-blooded and heart with two chambers. Lay eggs.

Eg.Refer to text book

AMPHIBIA

Have mucus glands in the skin. Respiration is either through gills or skin. Heart three chambered. Found both in water and land, lay eggs.

REPTILIA

Cold blooded animals, have scales and lungs to breathe. Heart is 3 chambered except crocodile have four chambered heart. Eggs with tough covering and do not need to lay in water.

AVES

Warm blooded animals and have four chambered heart.

Lay eggs.

Fore limbs modified into wings and outer covering of feathers.

Breathe through lungs.

MAMMALIA

Warm blooded animals with four chambered heart. They have mammary glands for the production of milk to nourish young

ones. Skin has hairs as well as sweat and oil glands. Produce living young ones except few like Platypus and Echidna.

** refer to text for examples and pictures of animals as picture based questions can be asked from this chapter.