north south relations. the human face of poverty born on the same day: nthabiseng –poor, black,...
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North South Relations
The Human Face of PovertyBorn on the same day:
Nthabiseng – Poor, black, African girl
– Rural area, 700 miles from Cape Town, South Africa
– To an illiterate mother
Pieter– African, while, well-off family
– Born in Cape Town
– To a college-educated mother
Sven – Born to an average Swedish family
Prospects in life
Nthabiseng Pieter Sven
Chace of dying during first year 12.20% 3% 0.30%Expects to live 50 68 80Years in school 1 12 11.4Access to loans no yes yesMath score NA 263 500
Poverty
Over 1bn. People live on less than a dollar/day
Poor access to water, sanitation, food, health care
Situation has improve in some areas, but not in others
Growing Income Disparities
Marxism
Structure of capitalism:– Means of production
– Relations of production:
» capital owns means of production
» Exploitation of labor ->class struggle
Superstructure of capitalism– Ideology, legal, political system
Lenin on Imperialism
Capitalism leads to imperialism – Drive for capital accumulation and access to natural resources
– States serve the interests of capital
Imperialist powers divide the world Use colonies for resource extraction Perpetuate class inequality across the globe
Dependency Theory
Capitalism perpetuates dependency relations between– The Core/North and
– The Periphery/South
Result: underdevelopment
Poverty Mapping: Distribution of Income Groups
Poverty MappingDoctors per population
Infant Mortality
Women, Education, and Infrant Mortality
Sources of Poverty
Historical core-periphery relations?
Contemporary core-periphery relations?
Weak domestic institutions and policies?
Climate?
Disease?
All of the above->vicious circle?
Structural Solutions?
Import substitution: Brazil 1970s, 1980s
State-facilitated industrialization and trade: – The Asian Tigers
Liberalization: “the Golden Straightjacket”?