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NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
ANIMAL HU§§ANDRY PUUJOFVKEK(Name of project)
Calendar Year l96£L
major phases of project Percentage of timeor subdivisions oi devoted to entire
‘ project covered Name of worker* pgoject by each workerIn Charge Jack Kellex 100 Per Cent
Beef Cattle & Sheep J. S. Buchanan 100 Per Cent
Beef Cattle & Sheep A. Allen 100 Per Cent
Beef Cattle (Performance Testing) W. Patterson 100 Per Cent
Meats Christian 100 Per Cent
Swine - Woodard 100 Per Cent
4—H Club Work . McGuire 100 Per Cent
Date submitted: December 12 195:. Signed:Project Leader
Date approved: 19§__. Signed:State Director of Extension
Date approved: . Signed:Administrator, Federal Extensionwork, U. S. Department of Agricul-cure
* If phases of project are divided between twq or more workers, indicateassignment to each.
1961 PLAN or WORK
roa
mam. mama! EXTENSION
m
KORTH CAROLIHA
Jack KallayIn Charge Animal Husbandry Extension
J. 8. BudhananAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist
A. v. AllanAnimal Husbandry Extansion Specialist
J. w. PattersonAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist
J. A. ChristianAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist
J. R. WbodardAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist
Robert L. McGuireAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist
I.
1961 PLAX 0? WORK
for
AHIMAL HUSBANDR! EXTEHBIOH
in
NORTH CAROLIRA
gggRODUQTIOH
An abundant supply of feed and favorable prices for
beef cattle, hogs. and sheep made 1960 a good year for
Earth Carolina livestock farmers. Host farmers are going
into 1961 with the most feed they have ever_had and an
optimistic outleok for good pricea during the year.
The livestOck industry is undergoing a dhange in
north Carolina as it is in other parts of the nation.
Livestock enterprises are becaming larger and more ef—
ficient. The margin of profit per animal unit is decreas-
ing. Hence, many of our smaller. less efficient producers
are being farced out of the business. This is a change
for the better — yet the small farmer ie getting hurt.
Efficiency will be more important than ever in 1961.
There is an increasing trend toward specialization.
This is evidenced by the increased interest in the eastern
section at the State in buying teeder calves and feeder pigs
and feeding them for market. Other farmers are increasing
their brood saw and brood cow'herds to supply pigs and
calves to meet this demand.
Increased emphasis an producticn testing fits right
into the scheme of things when efficiency is stressed. A
great deal of time and eftbrt will he devoted to expanding
the production testing of beef cattle and swine.
These programs are being promoted to help develoP
superior strains of breeding animals with better per~
tarmsnce - i.e.. better anthering ability. better rate of
gain. better teed efficiency. and better carcass quality.
The increase in size of both swine and beef enter-
prises will require Extension Specialists to work with
County Agricultural Agents end farmers in planning the
type and size of unit which would best fit each term.
Assistance wuuld be given in planning a sound program at
operation. proper housing. pasture. buildings. and equip-
ment. Sound management. sanitation. and disease and
parasite control will he stressed.
Sheep‘heve continued tc make slow but steady progress.
The tendency here is the exact reverse of the trend in beef
cattle and swine. Mbst of the sheep expansion hes been in
small flocks of breeding ewes added to farms in the piedmont
and mountain sections. Improvemcnt in lamb crop and a more
effective parasite control program will be emphasized in
1961.
Marketing will continue to take a great deal of the
Specialists' time. Expansion in beef. sheep and swine
breeding herds have stimulated the demand for better breeding
stock. The increased emphasis on quality and production
tested breeding stock have also helped create this deman .
Both commercial and purebred breeders are working to improve
their animals. Assistance will be given in culling and
replacing with better breeding stodk.
Feeder pig sales. feeder calf sales, lamb pools. wool
pools. and fat cattle sales will be used to provide better
markets tor our livsstock and livestock products.
After working to get a quality product produced and
marketed, consumer education work will be done on proper
selection and preparation of meats. Demonstrations on
cutting, curing and storage will also be used as an
educational tool. Increased emphasis will be placed on
working with freezer locker plants and packing plants to
improve buying, processing, and storage of meats.
This will ha a yuar oz dhanga for our livcutock
farncru. drawing pains. :pccialization. «aphasia on
quality, law prefit margin. and production tasting --
all pruning to kncp our intact: on thair toot. The
progressive can: wall mast thc dhallongo ~- othars will
not. It 1: in. duty and xcsponnibility of Extonnion
specialist: to halp Barth Carolina tarnnra heap upwtou
data in that: mathods and tcdhnology. WU must not tail
than.
II. §§§£ QQSTLE:
A. ggoodigg
Tho major hoot onttlo problem confronting the
broodors in 1961 will he that of increasing tho
levels of qnality and porformanco. Animala math
tho gonotic makouup to produce more pounds of
economical doairablo moat in a Shortor period of
time must be idontitiod. savod und nood to:
brooding. ‘With tho great increase in coopotition
tram other moot producing animals. fowl: and fishes:
hoot animals must ho bred to do a more efficient
and faster Job of convorting roughage and food gains
into quality moat. The best tool available at thin
timo to solve this problem is a noloction program
based on porfotomnco tasting; Evory otfott will
be mods to familiarize tho County Agricultural
haunts and producers in all countioo with this
program and its applications. At least one donon~
stration herd will he sotup in each of tho hoot
producing counties. Domonstrationo on culling.
using performance rocords will be givon in counties
where records are available. The entire program
will be stressed in county work conferences and
statewwide educational programs. The reaulta will
be a more profitable and enlarged beef cattle
enterprise for our State.
Feeding
north Carolina being basically a row—crap state,
it has a large supply of pasture, roughage and field
gleaninge. North Carolina also has over two million
acres which are classified an idle or unimproved
pasture.
Our main feeding problem in that of getting the
maxium uae of pasture, silage and rowbcroP by-products
such as roughage and field gleanings.
Emphases will be put on buying cattle to fit '*
the individual farm and the amount and quality of
feed available. The possibility of producing more
stocker cattle for spring sale will be outlined. The
use of grain and grass method of finishing cattle
'will be stressed. Information on recommended feed
additives and hormones Which increase the efficiency
of feed utilization will be made available to all
C.
producers.
Educational material will he turnidhed County
Agricultural Agent: and publidhod through mass media.
Hathad and result damomntrationn will he conductcd.
County programl*will bu outlinod in County markers
Canturcncos.
The maximum nut of rawwcrop hy-ptoducts, pasture
and silage along with fined additives in a rccoumnndcd
faoding qystam'will rosult in nor. cattlo being fed
with a larger pxotit.
W
Th. problems in thin are: arc controlled brooding,
distant and partuita contgol. rncord keeping and
failure to castrate and ddhorn.
Controllod braiding and record knaping will be
a raqniramant in tho partcrmancc tasting program:
thnrefora. mmch attaution wall be givun to this area.
9133330 and parasita central. castrating and anhorning
dnmonntrations will be featured at all field day: and
educational mattingn. Thuir value will be strosaed
in ncws articlaa. India and T. V. shown.
Hothod dcmnmstrations will he prepared and
D.
presentad with special emphasis this year going
to internal parasitcs.'
Th» rasults tram managemnnt impravamunts arc
much taster than ingravcmnnt tram branding but thay
arc of a tampexary nature while inprovcnont tram
hraading is more pcrmnnnnt. Rslultl in this arc:
will be reflected by more healthier. heavier, highar
quality calves to: our fundcr cal! mnrkct and mare
satiaticd praducars.
W
Th: big problum in marketing is gutting nutticiont
volumn to increase competition and mafia tha use a:
impravc marketing flatbed: possible. To accamplidh
this. cougarativo tales tar both 1006:: and fat
cattle will be usod to domntratc the affect of
voluma and uniformity in qnllity.
In marketing problem: Extfinsian spacinliuts will
coeparate with the Collegn Markating Section. the
north Caroliéa Departmnnt at Agriculture. the north
Catalin: Cattlemnn'a Alseciatiap. Livestock Auction:
and aunt Packers in the stats.
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NORTH CAROLINA .. ,c o L U M B U s I 5,“:
fanuuswm ’3"\ 1/ i //\ L /“ 1‘0 444’.
COUNTIES REQUESTING BEEF CATTLE WORK
_ O
10..
III. SHEEP:
A. Brood
Tho two major problems in the field of Ihoop
production are getting out: that will brood at the
proper tin. and at the damn tin. increase tho lovol
of portormanoo. Animals with the genetic nako~up
to broad during hot wonthor and also produce nor.
pound: of economical doliroblo moat in a shorter
poriod or time must ho idontifiod. and uuod for
breeding.
Educational mootinga. field day: and mass modia
will he uuod to utrol: the advantage: of having lambs
born so a: to take advantage of the cooler growing
season and higher prices on curly markot.
Individual flock ownorl‘will be oncouragod to
koop rocordo and cull flock: according to production
records. This program can be evaluated by a study
of the tins, weight and grade of lamb: moving to
markot.
W
The problem: to he worked on this year‘will he
hoadod by wintor feeding of the own: and creep
C.
11.
feeding of lambs. . §
Information on tho value of providing winter ‘ §
grazing for the owns and creep for the lambs will Ԥ
ho furniihed to all County Agricultural Agents and g
mods public through mass media. I
Farm flock result demonstrations. county
planning meetings. field days and personal contact
will be used to publicize the advantage of a sound
feeding program.
fléfléflfiflfiflE
Problems receiving attention will he culling
oven on basis of production. parasite control and
docking and cantrating.
The problem of keeping low or non-producing
own: will be given special attontion. Simple
production records will ho encouraged and their
use will be demonstrated in every way poasiblo.
Parasites continue to be a major problom in ihoop
production. Mothod and roault demonstrations to
illustrata the approved practices for eradication
and control will be givon in the larger Sheep
D.
12.
producing countios. Special dumonntration using
roulana to control parasitcs will be uscd in one or
more counties this year. Early docking and castrat»
ing will also receive attention. Thea. subject:
will receive major attention at all educatianul
meetings. field days, tours. and through the use
of mass madia.
Assistanca will be available to all county
persannal in conducting demcnatrations in cadh of
the problem areas. The economics of the adaption
of thcse will be strossed in all county confcronces.
fiald days and educational meetings.
The results can be observed in the records of
the lamb pool: as reflected in number, grads and
might .
W
Volume and quality of both lambs and wool are
the main marketing prablam.
Demanltration on Shearing, tieing and storing
wool for market will be stressed at county dhear~
ing sdhools. 4-H Sheep shearing contests, field
days, tours and T. V. programs. A series of lamb
pools will be achaduled far all producing areas I0
13.
as to take advantage of v¢1uma in marketing the
lambs. The lambs will b0 grandad and sold accbrding
to grade to encourage the improvgmant of quality.
Improvemant in quality of lambs and wool
will rofleet the success at the program.
.A‘
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<3
COUNTIES REQUESTING SHEEP WORK
'9‘!
IV.
A.
15.
3
W
The major emphaeie in ewine breeding at the preeent
time ie the development of meetwtype hoge. A greet deal
of eegheeie will be placed on the meet-type certification
program which is being promoted by all of the major
purebred swine eeeociatione.
A twine evaluation station should begin operating
in 1961. Feed convereion, rate of gain. end cerceee
quality of breeding animals will be neaeured by this
etetion in an effort to eelect more efficient breeding
eninele*with more deeireble cerceeeee.
Plane are being made to do additional on-the~£emn
production testing. weighing and beckfet probing of
gilte and boars will be need with both purebred and
commercial breedere to aid in eelecting neetier
breeding animals with better retee of gain. Commercial
breeders will be encouraged to use beers from certified
littere or certified matings. Efforts will be nede to
make both the purebred and commercial breeder aware
that twice as much progress can be made in improving
the quality or ewine it proper eelection is need in
selecting breeding gilte am well as boere.
160
continued emphasis will be placed on quality
feeder pig production. Additional effort: will ha
and: to inform actuation wants and farms of prep-r
typo breeding animals. bit cyst“ of crosshrcodinq.
and branding technique: which will tumult in the
greatut number of high quality pigs .
Multiplc fax-raving will b. meow-aged my the
larger breeder: so that better use will b. and. of
facilities and labor resulting in a lower pig cost.
This would help aunt. a constant supply of tender
pig: for farmers who buy pigs to feed to what might.
Grading damnatrnticns and 1371): Conference. will
be held to further acquaint Wcial and purebred
broader: with the type a: hog which is host dnsirahlc
on today ' a markct.
w
Trmndouc progrcu has been made in the lat
five years in getting swine producers tc food a
balanced raticn . Intense oducatiwal efforts by
minim: Workers. feed companies. and far: publication:
hum Ma most farmer: award of tho advantages of
feeding a balanced ration.
17.
Host of the work in feeding this year null be to
intomn Extenaion Agents and farmers of the most
economical ways to feed hogs. since teed represents
approximately 80%.of the total cost of production. any
major reduction in production cost will have to be
accomplished by reducing feed costs. Efficiency will
be stressed. Farmers will be encouraged to feed
adequate protein. but not too anon. Utilization of
as anon hon-«grown feed as possible will also be
stressed as a means of cutting the cost of production.
Pasture will be recommended for all breeding
animals for producing cheaper pigs. It will also be
recommended for market hogs if the land would not be
more productive {or other purposes. Pasture will
definitely save concentrates and cut teed costs.
Pasture still has a place in our feeding program.
The feeding of hogs on concrete has made the need
for a balanced ration critical. This is especially
true insofar as protein. vitamins, and minerals are
concerned. Trace minerals must he provided for hogs
fed on concrete it they are to do well. Anemia in
baby pigs caused by iron deficiency is a good example
C.
18.
of this. More emphasis will he placed on informing
Extension Agents and farmers of the importance of a
completely balanced ration, i.e., adequate T.D.N..
digestible protein. vitamins, and minerale.
Emphasis will be placed on feeding saw: and gilt:
to produce large litters of big, healthy pigs with
better livability. These pigs ehould be creep-fed
and should weigh at least 40 pounds at eight weeks.
They should reach market weight in 5% months on 350
pounds feed per cwt. gain it proper breeding and
feeding practices are followed.
Feeding demonstrations on pasture and on concrete
will be conducted in cooperation with County Agri—
cultural Agents to show farmers the merits and costs
of production under both systems.
Herd Management
Efficiency will also he the keynote in herd
management. The program will he; get more pige, save
more pigs. and grow more pigs .. all for less cost.
These points will he brought to the producer through
field days. tours. educational meetings, news releases,
televieion. radio. and on—the*farm demonstrations.
19.
Mali: will he placod on din”. and parasite control
and a good housing program.
A good mitotion program will also be stressed
sine. it in tho key to a cuccusi’ul dinn- md parasito
control program. Rotation of puturon. diainfocting.
knowing houses, and temporary grazing will be
advocitod.
A statewide discus control program has been
developed and will be promoted. It is as follow"
1 . Itolato all addition: to tho hard for 21 days.
2. Text all brooding animals hetero adding to the
hard for Bang ' s and Lapto. if hog. have not
boon teltod.
3. Blood test all lax-«dips animals whim program
is initiated.
4. Vaccinato pigs at 6 week: of ago for Cholera.
wing modified virus with ample «rum. Also
vaccinate for Erysipolu it it is manifest
on the farm or in the area.
5. Ro—vaocinato gilt: thtoo work: before brooding
for Cholera and Lopto.
20.
6 . Veccinate all breeding animals yearly for
chalet: end Lopto.
A greet deal at enphuie will be placed on
housing. With the trend toward larger unite and me
specialization there in a greater need for better
houeing. Polwtype. central ten-owing houses will be
recmended u a good, ecmicel type of housing.
County Agricultural Agents and tenure will be
edvieed on fitting the wine enterprise to the term.
The fame will be advised to make their wine unit
ea large an lend. labor. feed. and capitel will
permit. This will renult in me efficiency. and
better use of labor and facilities. hence. a lower
cost at production.
W
rem-ere are finally beginning to heed outlook
information on whet conditione. This is evident
became they are doing a hettar jab of adjusting
their swine enterprise! as market «auditions very .
Hence. mice fluctuatiane have not been as severe as
had been predicted.
Primarily.» our work in in getting a better
product to market . Thin start: with pamper meta-type
21.
breeding animals. Proper feeding to a daairahle
market weight also must ha stressed. Meat~type huge
are worth from $1.00 to $3.00 more per head at market‘
weight than fat hogs. Thoy cost no more to pxoduco.
They anoourage the consumar to buy more pork. Nb
must encourage more moatatype hogs.
Farmers will he encouraged to produce moat-type
hogs and market then on a gradad haeia.
multiple fattening ie being encouraged among
larger producere to make better uee~o£ labor ano
tacilitiee. Thie reduces cost of production and also
providee a more unifonm supply of hoge for out peckars.
Aeeietanoe will be given in the marketing of
quality feeder pigs. Earth Carolina already leads
the South in this field and efforte will be nade to
stay ahead. Alaietanoe will be given Agricultural
workers. auction market operators. and other
intereeted parties in marketing qnality feeder pigs
through existing sales or hy organising new ealee.
Additional efforts will be devoted to organizing
oooperativo ehipmente of pig: to contract buyers.
Educational meetings. grading demonstrations.
22.
and ethni- camanicatim mama will be used to help
solve marketing problm ..
Outlook information will be aupp‘lied farms
and Extension Agents to keep that informed an market
trends and cutlmk.
Purebred breedsrs will be assisted in conduct-
ing purahrod males. Wain}. breeders will be
assisted in locating good purebred boars.
W
1. County Agricultural Agents in aach county will
ha «waged to develop a long ranga swine
program for his county. Office conference: will
be held with the County Agricultural Agent and
him Assistants in swine producing cwntiu. An
outline of swine work which would be timely will
ha wasmtad. Assistance will be given in
formulating a County Swine Program.
2. field Bays at damnation. and on film to
teach the boat mthoéls of wins production.
3 . mp0 Conform» arc bung- planned to «mutt-at.
that best. type 0! bags to grow.
7.
23.
Grading damanstratlans with packart. market
opcratora. ana County Agricultural haunts.
“ark with markets and packera to improva marknt
facilities.
wark with Paxm.anfl Hun: Dcvnlogment fanilici and
uncourage hog pmofinctian whatever practical.
swine touxa with Exzcnaion haunt: and farunru.
Radia. telaviuon. news articles. and circular
latters will ho natal}
Requests by County Agricultural Manta for
assistance with twins wark in their county will
be filled insofar an possible.
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N ORTH CA. I<01, J NA
COUNTIES REQUESTING SWINE WORK
“’8
31.
W- W:
A. £5!!E.EEQJ£SE£
Th3 favorable maxkot prices and strong local
civic and hmnlnnsg auppert of 1960 coupled with
loan: £006.: prices this fall ihould cause an
incraana in the nnmbar of calves in thn 1961 thawu.
lath fin. outlook for lunar pricns in 1961 tho anjar
prohlfimn will be reducing 1:06 coats and increasing
ottlalonqy.
nations unlng ham: grown armln will he recomnand~
ad to all Agcnt£ and Club numbers. Th0 lmwortanco
of roughaga. salt. mineral; and.water in tha ration
will b. strained in all mactlngs and personal
cantactl. Moro cmfihasis will be placed on sound
managunant.
Thu reaultl of thin work will ha reflected on
the short run by tho {and cost per pound or gain
and on the long run by the number of fathers.
nnlghhutt and graduatod 4~H number: including
cattle feeding in final: farmmng oparatian.
m2
Projects in this field includn fat as wall as
bracdlng flocks; The main problem of tho tat lamb
C.
32.
projects is the number of projects is not large
enough to have a good show and sale. ‘With the
brooding flocks tho problams are about the same as
tho adult program. This year brooding. feeding and
management will be stresssd in tho same manner as
for adult farmsrs.
More emphasis will be put on the shows and sales
to increase interest. Fitting and showing demonstra-
tions will be put on in counties with lamb projects.
Agents and Club members will bo furnishod a list of
necessary supplies. Show officials will be
encouraged to put more emphasis and offer larger
prizes on fitting and showing.
swine
Breeding and fattening projects are available
for Club members. The majority of the breeding
projects are in the nature of pig chains. sponsored
by civic. commercial and professional groups. The
market barrow projects are available in all counties
with 25 different county and district shows and sales.
The problems in breeding. feeding, managomcnt
D.
and marketing are handled in the em manner of the
adult program. The big problem to be Waited
in Club work ie eelecting hogs that are of the true
neat type end the right age and weight to he at
their peak at ehow time.
Wtretioos and shout will he need and
educational materiel furniehed on the selection of
breeding stock and pig end market pro}ecte . Select-
ion of whale that are oft-venting: of certified
meet type hours will be stressed.
W
In addition to the Animal projecte. Speculum
will work with Agent'e. Commit)! Lenders. Club
members, Civic Groupe. Industry end other intereeted
in club projeats . Thele projects will include
livestock memetion. livoetock judging teens.
eheep eheering and county hon shows and sales.
The area receiving additional attention in the
next. you: will he the change from school club. to
continuity type clubs .
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POOLUMBUSJ\‘l {/fanu~sw1c.53’
'f jinn.- ' (3COUNTIES» REQUESTING 4-H WORK
“W
35.
1. More officiont units.
(3) Conduct cost studio: on different .izu Outer»
prises to dctonminn optimum size.
(b) notcrminc the aggro. of mochanization that
will give maximum efficiOncy.
2. Horn productive brooding stock.
(a) Expand the prosant onuthaufamn swine testing
program.
(h) Initiate a central swing evaluation Itation.
(c) Expuhd pro-ant onutho-tarm beef cattle tasting
program.
(d)' Encourage commercial moat animal producers to
has. unloctian of inundation animals on
graduation records.
3. Harkuting by grads.
(a) Grading dnmnnstratians.
(h) Organized host. dhcup and twin. salon basad on
grad:
(c) Edncntional wart with fiaxmnru. buyers and
processors.
36.
4. Diuoalo and parasite control.
(a) Deannatrationn and field days.
(b) Encourage {armors to adopt a diuoaso and
parauite control program.
5. Rnowlodgo of animal nutrition.
(a) Domomstrationa.
(b) Conferences and fiold days.
(a) An oducutionnl program for agricultural
woxkcrs. farmnrn and food aorvicc parsonnol.
6. Moro and hotter rocordn
(a) Educate formats as to the valuo and use of
tuna records.
(b) Dononstratioms using production records as a
basin for aoloction and culling.