north and south u.s. history chapter 14. new inventions a steam-powered locomotive engine pulling...
TRANSCRIPT
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North and South
U.S. History
Chapter 14
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New Inventions
A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation
Two sets of tracks were laid; one in each direction
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New Inventions
Railroads threatened workers who moved freight by wagon and those who invested in canals
Competition from railroads might cause them to lose investments
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New Inventions
Speed was key to successful trade at sea
Clipper ships broke every speed record; helped the US gain a large share of the world’s sea trade
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Northern Economy Expands
Factories began to use steam power and could be built almost anywhere
Water-powered factories needed to be built along banks of swiftly-flowing rivers
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Factory Conditions Become Worse
Laborers worked longer hours for lower wages
Workers often lived in dark, dingy houses by the factory
Entire families were hired to work in factories
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Workers Join Together
Artisans, or skilled workers, won better pay because of their skills
Trade Unions organized workers to work for improvements in working conditions
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Workers Join Together
Organized factory workers won the right to strike in 1842
Strike: refusal to work as a protest against specific conditions
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New Wave of Immigrants
Irish and German immigrants increased in 1840
“Nativist” was a group that wanted laws to limit immigration
Know-Nothing Party: hostile to immigrants
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African Americans
Discrimination: policy or an attitude that denies equal rights to certain groups of people
African Americans faced harsh discrimination in the South
States limited the rights of free African Americans
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African Americans
Even skilled African Americans had difficulty finding jobs in the North
School was seen as the best way to achieve success in a job
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Cotton Kingdom
1793: Whitney’s cotton gin had enormous effect on southern economy
Profits increased; more cotton cleaned in same amount of time with the gin
Plantations extended as far west as Texas
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Agricultural Economy
The South’s economy was based on agriculture; climate ideal for raising major cash crops and livestock
Planters wanted to invest in more land and more slaves
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Limited Industry in South
Agricultural tools were manufactured, but most manufactured goods were purchased from the North
Slaves had no money to buy anything; lowered demand for manufactured goods
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Economic Dependence
Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to expand plantations
Cotton was “king”
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White Southerners
“Cottonocracy”: very few but very wealthy families who made huge amounts of money from cotton
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White Southerners
Small Farmers: “plain folk” who owned the land they farmed; worked along with any slaves; 75% of white population
Poor Whites: lowest on social ladder; rented land they farmed
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Life Without Freedom
Slave Codes: kept slaves from either running away or rebelling
Crime for slaves to know how to read or write
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Resistance Against Slavery
Slaves resisted by breaking tools, destroying crops, trying to escape to the North
Nat Turner led a major slave revolt; revolts were rare and had no chance of success
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Coping with Slavery
Religion offered hope
Preserved African traditions
Protected from mistreatment by owner's need to keep them healthy and productive
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Review Questions
What made it possible for southern planters to boost their profits after 1793?
A. Planters started raising livestock B. Workers planted less cotton and more rice
and sugar cane C. Workers cleaned more cotton in the same
amount of time with a gin.
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Review Questions
What made it possible for southern planters to boost their profits after 1793?
C. Workers cleaned more cotton in the same amount of time with a gin.
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Review Questions
This group wanted laws to limit immigration A. Nativist B. Trade Union C. Artisan
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Review Questions
This group wanted laws to limit immigration
A. Nativist
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Review Questions
Refusal to work as a protest against specific conditions
A. Trade Union B. Strike C. Famine
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Review Questions
Refusal to work as a protest against specific conditions
A. Trade Union B. Strike C. Famine
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Review Questions
Skilled Worker A. Nativist B. Artisan C. Unionist
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Review Questions
Skilled Worker A. Nativist B. Artisan C. Unionist
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Review Questions
An agricultural economy developed in the South because
A. the land and climate were ideal for cotton, rice and livestock
B. Southerners wanted to live on estates like European royalty did
C. Other US climates were not as well suited for agriculture
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Review Questions
An agricultural economy developed in the South because
A. the land and climate were ideal for cotton, rice and livestock
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Review Questions
What was true about the earliest American railroads?
A. They initially moved slower than canal transportation did
B. They were often built with a separate track for each direction
C. They threw off sparks that sometimes set buildings on fire
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Review Questions
What was true about the earliest American railroads?
B. They were often built with a separate track for each direction
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Review Questions
Which statement BEST illustrates the South’s dependence on the North?
A. Northerners bought manufactured goods from southern factories
B. Southerners relied on northern factory models
C. Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to buy farm tools
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Review Questions
Which statement BEST illustrates the South’s dependence on the North?
C. Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to buy farm tools
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Review Questions
Which of the following statements does NOT describe factory conditions in the 1840s?
A. Laborers worked longer hours for lower wages
B. Workers lived in well-built factory housing C. Factory owners hired entire families
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Review Questions
Which of the following statements does NOT describe factory conditions in the 1840s?
A. Laborers worked longer hours for lower wages
B. Workers lived in well-built factory housing C. Factory owners hired entire families
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Review Questions
Which statement does NOT describe most small farmers in the South?
A. They rented the land they worked B. They worked alongside their slaves in the
fields C. They owned one or two slaves
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Review Questions
Which statement does NOT describe most small farmers in the South?
A. They rented the land they worked B. They worked alongside their slaves in the
fields C. They owned one or two slaves
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Review Questions
What is one way that steam-powered machinery changed manufacturing?
A. Machines produced more goods at a higher cost
B. Factories could be built almost anywhere C. Machines were more expensive to run
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Review Questions
What is one way that steam-powered machinery changed manufacturing?
B. Factories could be built almost anywhere
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Review Questions
What is an organization of workers? A. Artisan B. Famine C. Trade Union
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Review Questions
What is an organization of workers? A. Artisan B. Famine C. Trade Union
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Review Questions
By 1860, free African Americans in the South A. made up one-third of the South’s
population B. faced harsh discrimination C. had the same rights as poor whites
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Review Questions
By 1860, free African Americans in the South
B. faced harsh discrimination
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Review Questions
Clipper ships helped the United States A. ship more cargo than British steamships
carried B. develop industry in the South C. gain a large share of the world’s sea trade
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Review Questions
Clipper ships helped the United States
C. gain a large share of the world’s sea trade
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Review Questions
All of the following were methods that African Americans used to resist slavery EXCEPT
A. breaking tools and destroying crops B. trying to escape to the North C. becoming skilled artisans
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Review Questions
All of the following were methods that African Americans used to resist slavery EXCEPT
A. breaking tools and destroying crops B. trying to escape to the North C. becoming skilled artisans
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Review Questions
Who would have said that the railroad competition would cause them to lose money?
A. factory owners B. canal investors C. telegraph investors
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Review Questions
Who would have said that the railroad competition would cause them to lose money?
A. factory owners B. canal investors C. telegraph investors
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Review Questions
What was the primary purpose of the slave codes?
A. to prevent slaves from running away B. to guarantee good working conditions for
slaves C. to prevent slaves from practicing their
religion
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Review Questions
What was the primary purpose of the slave codes?
A. to prevent slaves from running away
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Review Questions
Which list classifies groups of white southerners beginning with the wealthiest?
A. the Cottonocracy, small farmers, poor whites
B. the Cottonocracy, poor whites, small farmers
C. small farmers, the Cottonocracy, poor whites
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Review Questions
Which list classifies groups of white southerners beginning with the wealthiest?
A. the Cottonocracy, small farmers, poor whites
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Review Questions
What did factory workers hope to achieve by forming trade unions?
A. an end to the factory system B. cooperation with factory owners C. improvements in working conditions
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Review Questions
What did factory workers hope to achieve by forming trade unions?
A. an end to the factory system B. cooperation with factory owners C. improvements in working conditions
![Page 57: North and South U.S. History Chapter 14. New Inventions A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649cb85503460f9497ee25/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Review Questions
What victory did organized factory workers gain in 1842?
A. right to strike B. training programs C. eight-hour workday
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Review Questions
What victory did organized factory workers gain in 1842?
A. right to strike B. training programs C. eight-hour workday
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Review Questions
Which of the following was NOT a result of the invention of the cotton gin?
A. Cotton profits increased enormously B. Cotton plantations extended as far west as
Texas C. Cotton growers used profits to build more
textile mills
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Review Questions
Which of the following was NOT a result of the invention of the cotton gin?
A. Cotton profits increased enormously B. Cotton plantations extended as far west as
Texas C. Cotton growers used profits to build more
textile mills
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Review Questions
Which worker would have been MOST likely to object to the new railroads?
A. wagon driver B. farm worker C. telegraph operator
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Review Questions
Which worker would have been MOST likely to object to the new railroads?
A. wagon driver
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Review Questions
Nat Turner resisted slavery by A. writing antislavery literature B. leading a major slave revolt C. escaping to the North
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Review Questions
Nat Turner resisted slavery by
B. leading a major slave revolt
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Review Questions
Which group made up about 75% of the white population in the South?
A. Small Farmers B. Wealthy Planters C. Poor Whites
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Review Questions
Which group made up about 75% of the white population in the South?
A. Small Farmers B. Wealthy Planters C. Poor Whites
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Review Questions
What products did southerners buy largely from the North?
A. manufactured goods B. cotton C. lumber
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Review Questions
What products did southerners buy largely from the North?
A. manufactured goods
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Review Questions
How did the practice of slavery hurt the development of southern industry?
A. Planters feared that factory jobs would encourage slave revolts
B. Slaves were unwilling to operate factory machinery
C. Slaves had no money to buy manufactured goods.
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Review Questions
How did the practice of slavery hurt the development of southern industry?
C. Slaves had no money to buy manufactured goods
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Review Questions
Which of the following was overall the BEST protection for enslaved African Americans against mistreatment?
A. Owner’s needs to keep the slaves healthy and productive
B. Federal laws C. Slave revolts
![Page 72: North and South U.S. History Chapter 14. New Inventions A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649cb85503460f9497ee25/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Review Questions
Which of the following was overall the BEST protection for enslaved African Americans against mistreatment?
A. Owner’s needs to keep the slaves healthy and productive
B. Federal laws C. Slave revolts
![Page 73: North and South U.S. History Chapter 14. New Inventions A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649cb85503460f9497ee25/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Review Questions
Which statement describes the experiences of free African Americans in the South?
A. States limited their rights B. Slave owners forced them to move to other
states C. They lived far from the cities
![Page 74: North and South U.S. History Chapter 14. New Inventions A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649cb85503460f9497ee25/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Review Questions
Which statement describes the experiences of free African Americans in the South?
A. States limited their rights B. Slave owners forced them to move to other
states C. They lived far from the cities
![Page 75: North and South U.S. History Chapter 14. New Inventions A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649cb85503460f9497ee25/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Good Luck on Your Test!