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North African and Saharan children's play and toy cultures

anthropological research and sociocultural applications

Jean-Pierre Rossie

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PowerPoint presentation for the

Children and Youth Seminar Series

Department of Anthropology

London School of Economics

22 March 2011

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research in the Tunisian Sahara 1975/1977

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from the study of socialization to research on toys and play

Ghrib semi-nomads in the Tunisian Sahara, 1975

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research in Morocco 1992 - today

rural worlds

Pre-Sahara 2005

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urban worlds

Sidi Ifni 2005

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research resources:

fieldwork in the Tunisian Sahara and in Morocco

collection of North African and Saharan toys of the Muse de lHomme, Paris

bibliography of the concerned regions

Morocco2007

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the first data date back tothe end of the 1800s the last to 2011

Ram in fired clay, Algeriabefore 1889, photoD. Ponsard, Muse de

lHommehousehold play in southern Morocco, 2009

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seven aspects of the research on play and toys are discussed:

childrens creativity with natural and waste material

signs and meanings in toys and play

transmission between children through play and toy making activities

playgroups: role of gender and older children

continuity and change in toy and play culture

from research to intercultural and sociocultural applications

ethical aspects of the research

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childrens creativity with natural and waste material

building a mosque and other constructions in the Tunisian Sahara, 1975

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naturalmaterial of

vegetal origin

High Atlas1992

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weaving a camel with palm leaves making a tractor with cactus pieces and waste material

pre-Sahara, 1993 Anti-Atlas, 1996

natural material of vegetal origin

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naturalmaterial

of animal

origin

sheep wool as dolls hair

High Atlas, 1992

horse hair as dolls hair

Anti-Atlas, 1998

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using waste material

making a car, Sidi Ifni, 2005

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children use all available material

northern Morocco, 1993

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second handtoys adaptedto local taste

Anti-Atlas1996

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using a sheeps bone to create dolls related to the Ashura feast

Anti-Atlas, 2008

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signs and meanings: cognitive aspects

the geometry of the play houses

Anti-Atlas, 2008

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expressing femininity and masculinity in dolls

High Atlas, 1996 High Atlas, 1996 Moroccan Sahara, 1997

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in the Tunisian Sahara

dolls without a face dolls with a face modernized doll

1975 1975 1991

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signs and meanings: emotional aspects

childrens relations to their toys

Pre-Sahara, 2005 Anti-Atlas, 2006

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reinterpretation and recontextualisation in doll play

the bride of Marrakech, 1992

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transmission between children through play and toy making activities

transmitting information about the natural world

mastering the wind, Sidi Ifni, 2006

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relating to nature when making toys

High Atlas, 1992 Anti-Atlas, 2002

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transmitting attitudes, values and beliefs of the community

exchanging information and feelings about wedding and man-woman relations

s

reconstruction of a wedding feast scene in girls games, Anti-Atlas 2006

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learning about rituals and feasts in playgroups

the belghenja rain ritual and the belghenja game

belghenja doll of the women and belghenja dolls of the girls, Anti-Atlas, 2007

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playing the ritual for a child that delays in starting to walk

Tunisian Sahara, 1975

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the young mens masquerade in southern Morocco

Tiznit, 2007

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boys preparing to continue this cultural heritage

Tiznit, 2007

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transmitting know-how between children

learning how to weave in a girls doll play

Anti-Atlas, 2007

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learning to make and to ride

the local skateboard

Sidi Ifni, 2002 Marrakech, 1993

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in games verbal and musical expressions are mostly learnedfrom older children in combination with non-verbal behavior

Tiznit, 2006

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developing male identity through shared experiences

playing to be musicians, Sidi Ifni, 2005

developing female identity through shared experiences

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developing female identity through shared experiences

playing the mistress ofa modern household

Tiznit, 2006

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interpreting and discussing adult roles

mother and children in household play

Central Morocco, 1997

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fathers as farmers in a boys game

Anti-Atlas, 2002

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playing teachers behavior in the classroom

Anti-Atlas, 2007

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transmission in childrens play within recently changing contexts

exchanging viewpoints on Moroccans living in Europe and on European tourists

gifts from emigrants and dolls dressed play about sunbathing touristsas emigrants daughters, Anti-Atlas, 2008 Anti-Atlas, 2006

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the private home for children and adults at risk

Anti-Atlas, 2007

gendered playgroups

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gendered playgroups

peer groups of girls and peer groups of boys

Anti-Atlas, 2007

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girls playgroup with peers

throwing five stones, Anti-Atlas, 2005

b l h

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boys playgroup with peers

Sidi Ifni, 2007

l b d f il d i hb h d l ti hi

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playgroups based on family and neighborhood relationships

Anti-Atlas, 2007

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mixed playgroups

peers playgroup of both sexes

the popular car, Anti-Atlas, 2007

l f d d d

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playgroup of mixed age and gender

building a petrol station, Moroccan Sahara, 2007

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girls playgroup and boys playgroup in parallel play

Anti-Atlas, 2009

crossing the gender border

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crossing the gender border

a girl infiltrating a boys playgroup

Sidi Ifni, 2006

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failed gender border crossing

Sidi Ifni, 2007

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the role ofolder childrenin playgroups

telling about thephosphate train

Sidi Ifni, 2007

directing the gameof a wedding feast

Anti-Atlas, 2008

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older boy in the center as playgroup leaderin the Tunisian Sahara, 1975

continuity and change in childrens culture

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continuity and change in children s culture

ancient toy and play traditions

Anti-Atlas, 2005 Pre-Sahara, 2005

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change in toy and play culture

playing, adapting and discussing TV messages in playgroups

the Palestine fighters rescue helicopter during the flood in

Sidi Ifni, 2005 Casablanca, Anti-Atlas, 2011

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electronic toy and toy-portable

Sidi Ifni, 2007 Anti-Atlas, 2005

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playing to be a tourist on the Atlantic coast

Anti-Atlas, 2006

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globalization of the toy markets

from self-made toys to toys as a gift from adults

Southern Morocco, 2005 Central Morocco, 1998

f h t li ti

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from research to applications

intercultural project in a Belgian pre-school based on play in the Tunisian Sahara

an oasis village, Ghent, 1989

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childrens workshops based on

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children s workshops based on

Moroccan childrens toy and play culture

Nafplion, Greece, 2008

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the childrens spirits of Nafplion defending their right to play

creativity workshops with natural and waste material

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city library Biblioteca delle Oblate, Florence, June 2009

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Florence: city of the future and future of the city

October 2009, Italy

Citt del Futuro - il Futuro della Citt, Florence, October 2009

cultural week on Moroccan toys and play

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in a youth house in Safi, a Moroccan coastal town

Safi children discovering self-made toys

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stimulating parents to play with their handicapped childrenby using local toys and games

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by using local toys and games

Safi, 2009

seminar on Moroccan self-made toys formembers of a Safi youth group

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members of a Safi youth group

viewing Moroccan childrens play and toy-making activities followed by a

o kshop fo p ima school p pils teache t aining st dents and p ofesso s

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workshop for primary school pupils, teacher training students and professors

Instituto de Formacin Docente de Bariloche, Argentina, October 2010

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creating masks

d ll

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creating dolls

some of the toys donated to the Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne, Francei 2005 f th j t T f th W ld

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in 2005 for the project Toys of the World

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toys made by children of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas

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y ydonated to the Centro per la Cultura Ludica of Turin, Italy

exposition Childrens Dreams (November 2010)

ethical aspects of my research

i i ith hild d k b t

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in connivance with children and known by parents

Tiznit, 2006

collecting information and toys from children based on gift and counter gift

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Middle Atlas, 1994 Anti-Atlas, 2005

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working with collaborators-friends and informants

Boubaker Daoumani Khalija Jariaa

Anti-Atlas, 2006

books on Saharan and North African Toy and Play Culturesfor information and documents/photos see www.sanatoyplay.org

http://www.sanatoyplay.org/http://www.sanatoyplay.org/

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Photography

Khalija Jariaa made the photos of slides 8, 9 right, 15, 20, 23 right,25, 31, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53right, 56 left, 59, 60 left, 71, 79.

Jean-Pierre Rossie made the photos slides 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 left, 11,12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23 left, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32,33, 35, 37, 38, 43, 53 left, 54, 55, 56 right, 57, 58, 60 right, 61, 62,64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82.