Normal galaxies: X-ray Normal galaxies: X-ray luminosity function & its luminosity function & its

evolutionevolution

Panayiotis Tzanavaris Panayiotis Tzanavaris (NOA)(NOA)

Ioannis Georgantopoulos Ioannis Georgantopoulos (NOA)(NOA)

Antonis Georgakakis Antonis Georgakakis (ICL)(ICL)

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

XLF importance XLF importance

Unique probe of X-ray binaries and hot Unique probe of X-ray binaries and hot gas in (non-AGN) gas in (non-AGN) normal normal galaxiesgalaxies

Disentangle NG evolution from AGN Disentangle NG evolution from AGN evolutionevolution

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

X-ray surveys X-ray surveys

E-CDF-SE-CDF-SCDF-NCDF-NCDF-SCDF-SXBOOTESXBOOTES

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

Normal galaxies: selection criteriaNormal galaxies: selection criteria

Source detected in the 0.5-2.0 keV bandSource detected in the 0.5-2.0 keV band log (log ( f fX X [0.5-2.0 keV][0.5-2.0 keV]/f/fR R )) ≤ ≤ -1 (from filter)-1 (from filter)

log log LLXX ≤ ≤ 42 (cgs)42 (cgs)HR ≡ (H-S)/(H+S) HR ≡ (H-S)/(H+S) ≤ ≤ 0 0 object morphologically a galaxyobject morphologically a galaxy

H ≡ 2.0-8.0 keV; S ≡ 0.5-2.0 keV H ≡ 2.0-8.0 keV; S ≡ 0.5-2.0 keV

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

E-CDF-SE-CDF-S

X-rayX-ray: Lehmer et al (2005): Lehmer et al (2005)

ffX,X,lim[0.5-2.0keV]lim[0.5-2.0keV] ~1.1 × 10~1.1 × 10-16-16 erg cm erg cm-2 -2 ss-1 -1

OpticalOptical: COMBO-17; Wolf et al (2004): COMBO-17; Wolf et al (2004)ESO 2.2 m WFI 17 filtersESO 2.2 m WFI 17 filters

RRlim,Vegalim,Vega = 25.4 = 25.4

41 sources, 41 sources, z z medmed = 0.264 = 0.264

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

CDF-NCDF-N

X-rayX-ray: 2 Ms, Alexander et al (2003): 2 Ms, Alexander et al (2003)

ffX,X,lim[0.5-2.0 keV]lim[0.5-2.0 keV] ~2.5 × 10~2.5 × 10-17-17 erg cm erg cm-2 -2 ss-1 -1

OpticalOptical: Barger et al. (2003); Capak et al. : Barger et al. (2003); Capak et al. (2004)(2004)

KPNO 4 m (KPNO 4 m (UU), Subaru 8.3 m (rest)), Subaru 8.3 m (rest)

RRlim,ABlim,AB = 26.6 = 26.6

79 sources, 79 sources, z z medmed = 0.46 = 0.46

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

CDF-SCDF-S

X-rayX-ray: 1 Ms, Giacconi et al (2002): 1 Ms, Giacconi et al (2002)

ffX,X,lim[0.5-2.0 keV]lim[0.5-2.0 keV] ~5.5 × 10~5.5 × 10-17-17 erg cm erg cm-2 -2 ss-1 -1

OpticalOptical: Szokoly et al. (2004) VLT FORS : Szokoly et al. (2004) VLT FORS spectraspectra

Zheng et al. (2004) Zheng et al. (2004) z z photphot using using

10 NUV, optical, NIR bands 10 NUV, optical, NIR bands [ESO FORS, [ESO FORS,

EIS, VLT, GOODS, COMBO-17] EIS, VLT, GOODS, COMBO-17]

56 sources, 56 sources, z z medmed = 0.52 = 0.52

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

XBOOTESXBOOTES

X-rayX-ray: Kenter et al (2005): Kenter et al (2005)

ffX,X,lim[0.5-2.0keV]lim[0.5-2.0keV] ~4.7 × 10~4.7 × 10-15-15 erg cm erg cm-2 -2 ss-1 -1

OpticalOptical: SDSS DR5; Adelman-McCarthy : SDSS DR5; Adelman-McCarthy et al et al (2007)(2007)

5 Sloan filters u’g’r’i’z’5 Sloan filters u’g’r’i’z’

r’r’lim,SDSSlim,SDSS = 22.2 = 22.2

28 sources, 28 sources, z z medmed = 0.128 = 0.128

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

Area curveArea curve

XBOOTESXBOOTES

dominates areadominates area

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

LLX X - z - z

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

204 sources to 204 sources to

zz ~ 1.3 ~ 1.3subsamplessubsamples

complementarycomplementary

Luminosity functionLuminosity function

Page & Carrera Page & Carrera (2000)(2000)

φφ((L, zL, z) )

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

L(dV/dz)dzd

Nmaxz(L)

z(L)min

maxL

Lmin

Luminosity functionLuminosity function 0 < 0 < z < z < 0.20.2 0.2 < 0.2 < z < z < 0.60.6 0.6 < 0.6 < z < z < 1.31.3Norman et al. (2004)Norman et al. (2004) z < z < 0.50.5 z > z > 0.50.5 Kim et al (2006)Kim et al (2006)

z < z < 0.30.3Georgakakis et al. (2006)Georgakakis et al. (2006)

z < z < 0.20.2no evolutionno evolution L ~L ~ (1+ (1+zz))kk

k = k = 2.72.7

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

Luminosity function by typeLuminosity function by type

Separate Separate EEarly and arly and LLate-type systemsate-type systemsHyperzHyperz

61 template SEDs from smoothly interpolated 61 template SEDs from smoothly interpolated (Sullivan et al 2004) four galaxy types(Sullivan et al 2004) four galaxy types

Filters for different surveys Filters for different surveys E = 0 → 25 (105)E = 0 → 25 (105)L = 25 → 60 (99)L = 25 → 60 (99)

Then binned XLFThen binned XLF

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

Luminosity function: Late typesLuminosity function: Late types

0 < 0 < z < z < 0.40.4

0.4 < 0.4 < z < z < 1.31.3

Georgakakis et al. (2006)Georgakakis et al. (2006)

no evolution, no evolution, z z < 0.2< 0.2LL ~ (1+ ~ (1+zz))kk

k = k = 2.72.7

Power laws?Power laws?

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

Luminosity function: Early typesLuminosity function: Early types

0 < 0 < z < z < 0.40.4

0.4 < 0.4 < z < z < 1.31.3

Georgakakis et al. (2006)Georgakakis et al. (2006)

no evolution, no evolution, z z < 0.2< 0.2L ~L ~ (1+ (1+zz))kk

k = k = 2.72.7k = k = 22 Power laws?Power laws?

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

Caveats…Caveats…

ML fitting to be doneML fitting to be done

Functional formFunctional form

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

SummarySummary

One of the largest NG samples with very One of the largest NG samples with very broad coverage of broad coverage of L – z L – z spacespace

Reasonable agreement with previous work Reasonable agreement with previous work but but evolution in E as wellevolution in E as well

More data: CDF 4 MsMore data: CDF 4 Ms

XEUS (resolution?)XEUS (resolution?)

XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006