normal cortical anatomy

Normal CorticalAnatomy

MGH

Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School

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NORMAL CORTICAL ANATOMY

• Sagittal• Axial• Coronal• The Central Sulcus

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Sagittal Neuroanatomy

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Subcallosal gyrusGyrus rectus

Parietooccipital sulcus

Fastigium, fourth ventricle

Cingulate gyrus

Calcarine sulcus

Marginal ramus of Cingulate sulcus

Superior parietal lobule

Paracentral lobule

Cingulate sulcusSuperior frontal gyrus

Cuneus

Lingual gyrus

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Gyrus rectus


Cingulate gyrus

Calcarine sulcus

Lingual gyrus



Cingulate sulcus

Caudothallamic groove

Precuneus

Central sulcus

Cuneus

Precentral gyrus

Frontomarginal gyrus

Superior frontal gyrus

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Calcarine sulcus



Central sulcusPrecentral

sulcus

Precuneus

Corona radiataSuperior frontal

gyrus

Lingual gyrus Inferior occipital gyrus

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Inferior temporal gyrus Temporal horn, lateral ventricle

Central sulcus

Posterior orbital gyrus


Medial orbital gyrus

Frontopolar gyrus


Lingual gyrusInferior occipital gyrus

Superior occipital gyrus

Middle occipital gyrus


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Central sulcus

Inferior Temporal gyrus

Middle Temporal gyrus

Superior Temporal gyrus

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Central sulcus

Lingual gyrus

Inferior occipital gyrus

Superior parietal gyrus



Inferior Temporal gyrusMiddle Temporal gyrus



Anterior orbital gyrus


Inferior frontal gyrus

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Superior Temporal sulcusSuperior Temporal gyrus

Anterior occipital sulcus

Superior frontal sulcus

Precentral sulcus

Central sulcusPostcentral sulcus

Angular gyrus

Lateral fissure, posterior segment

Inferior frontal gyrus,pars orbitalis




Inferior frontal gyrus,pars triangularis

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Axial Neuroanatomy

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Fusiform gyrus

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Parahippocampal gyrus

Hippocampal gyrus

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Temporo-occipital fissure


Lingual gyrusGyrus descendens




Amygdala Hippocampus

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Gyrus rectus

Olfactory sulcusMedial orbital gyrusSubcallosal gyrus




Lingual gyrus

Amygdala

Hippocampus




Gyrus descendens

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Gyrus rectus

Olfactory sulcus Medial orbital gyrus



Lingual gyrus


Calcarine sulcus

CuneusGyrus descendens


Middle occipital gyrusIntra-occipital sulcus

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Cingulate gyrus

Superior occipital gyrusIntra-occipital sulcusMiddle occipital gyrus

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Superior occipital gyrusIntra-occipital sulcus


Cingulate gyrus

Parieto-occipital fissure

Calcarine sulcus

Cuneus

Middle temporal gyrus

Superior temporal sulcus

Superior temporal gyrus

Insula

Inferior frontal gyrus,pars orbitalis

Superior frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus

Inferior frontal gyrus,pars opercularis

Lateral fissure

Lateral fissure

Inferior parietal gyrus

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Superior temporal gyrus

Intra-occipital sulcus


Central sulcus

Superior occipital gyrusParieto-occipital sulcus

Superior temporal sulcus

Lateral fissure

Inferior parietal gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Lateral fissure

Middle frontal gyrus


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CuneusIntra-occipital sulcus


Central sulcus

Precentral sulcus

Precentral gyrus

Central sulcus

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Postcentral sulcus


Central sulcus

Intraparietal sulcus




Centrum semiovale


Precuneus

Angular gyrus

Central sulcus


Supramarginal gyrus

Postcentral sulcus

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Postcentral sulcus

Central sulcus


Pars marginalis





Angular gyrus

Supramarginal gyrus


Central sulcus

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Central sulcus

Postcentral sulcus


Precentral sulcus

Pars marginalis





Angular gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Supramarginal gyrus

Precentral gyrus

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Central sulcus

Postcentral sulcus


Precentral sulcus

Pars marginalisIntraparietal sulcus



Precuneus

Paracentral lobule


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Coronal Neuroanatomy

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Olfactory bulb

Gyrus rectusMedial Orbital gyrus

Inferior Frontal gyrusSuperior Frontal gyrus

Middle Frontal gyrus

Interhemispheric Fissure

Inferior Frontal gyrus

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Forceps

minor

Olfactory SulcusLateral orbital gyrus

Inferior Frontal gyrus

Superior Frontal gyrusSuperior Frontal sulcus


Medial Orbital gyrus Gyrus rectusAnterior Orbital gyrus

Lateral orbital sulcus

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Inferior Frontal gyruspars opercularis

Superior Frontal gyrus Middle Frontal gyrus

Sylvian Fissure

Posterior Orbital gyrus


Cingulate gyrusCircular insular sulcus

Olfactory Sulcus



Inferior Frontal sulcusshort insular gyrus

Gyrus rectusMedial Orbital gyrus

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Superior Frontal gyrusSuperior Frontal sulcus


Superior Temporal Sulcus

Sylvian Fissure

Amygdala

Precentral sulcus

Anterior commissure

Cingulate sulcus




Precentral gyrus

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Superior Frontal gyrus




Superior Temporal Sulcus

Sylvian Fissure

Heschl’s gyrus

Inferior Temporal sulcus

Inferior Temporal gyrusAmygdala

Ambient gyrus

Entorhinal area

Cingulate gyrus

Superior Frontal sulcus

Precentral sulcus

Precentral gyrus

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Superior Frontal gyrus





Fusiform gyrus

Hippocampus

CA1, cornu ammonisParahippocampal gyrus

Central Sulcus

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Paracentral lobule




Central Sulcus

Postcentral gyrus

Cingulate gyrusIntraparietal sulcus

Fusiform gyrusCollateral sulcus


Supramarginal gyrus


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Inferior temporal gyrus

Fusiform gyrus

Central sulcusParacentral lobule

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Fusiform gyrusLingual gyrus

Calcarine sulcus Cingulate gyrus

Inferior temporal gyrus

Middle temporal gyrus

Supramarginal gyrus


Central sulcus

Paracentral lobule

Postcentral gyrus

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Lingual gyrus

Calcarine sulcus

Superior parietal lobuleprecuneus

Cingulate gyrus

Tentorium cerebelli

Fusiform gyrus

Inferior parietal lobule


Inferior occipital

gyrus

Lingual gyrus

Collateral sulcus

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The Central Sulcus

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• superior frontal sulcus - pre CS sign

• sigmoidal Hook sign• pars bracket sign• Bifid post-CS sign• thin postcentral gyrus sign• intraparital sulcus - post-CS• midline sulcus sign

The Central Sulcus (CS)*

*Naidich & Brightbill. Int J Neurorad 1996;2:313-338

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• Superior frontal sulcus - preCS sign– the posterior end of the superior frontal

sulcus joins the precentral sulcus in 85%

The Central Sulcus (CS)

Precentral sulcus


Precentral gyrus

Central sulcus



Precentral sulcus

Precentral gyrus

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• Sigmoid “Hook”– hooklike

configuration of the posterior surface of the precentral gyrus

– the “hook” corresponds to the motor hand area.

– The “hook” is well seen on CT (89%) and MRI (98%).


Precentral sulcus

Central sulcus

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• pars bracket sign– The paired pars

marginalis form a “bracket” to each side of the interhemispheric fissure at or behind the central sulcus (96%).


Precentral sulcus


Precentral gyrus

Central sulcus

Pars bracket Paracentral lobule

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• pars bracket sign


Precentral sulcus


Precentral gyrus

Central sulcus

Pars bracketPars bracket

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• Bifid post-CS sign– the post-CS is bifid (85%).– The bifid post-CS encloses the lateral end of

the pars marginalis (88%).


Precentral sulcus

Precentral gyrus

Central sulcus

Postcentral sulcus

Pars bracket

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Central sulcus

Postcentral sulcus

Central sulcus Central sulcus

Postcentral sulcus

Postcentral sulcus

Pars bracketPars bracket

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• Thin post-CG sign– the postcentral gyrus is

thinner than the precentral gyrus (98%).

The Central Sulcus (CS)Precentral

gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

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• Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS) and the post-CS– in axial MRI, the IPS intersects the post-CS

(99%).


Pars bracket

IPS

Postcentral sulcus

IPS

Pars bracket

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Postcentral sulcus

IPS

Postcentral sulcus

IPS

Postcentral sulcus

IPS

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Precentral sulcus


Precentral gyrus Central sulcus


• Midline Sulcus sign– the most prominent

convexity sulcus that reaches the midline interhemispheric fissure is the CS (70%).


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SFS-preCS sign

Hook sign

Pars bracket sign

Bifid post-CS sign

Thin postcentral gyrus sign

IPS - postCS sign


normal cortical anatomy

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