non-tariff measures and trade facilitation...non-tariff measures • “non-tariff measures are...
TRANSCRIPT
Multiyear Expert Meeting on
Transport, Trade Logistics and Trade Facilitation, Seventh session:
Trade facilitation and transit in support of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development
7 to 9 May 2019
Non-Tariff Measures and Trade Facilitation
Presentation by
Ralf Peters Chief
Trade Information Section UNCTAD
This expert paper is reproduced by the UNCTAD secretariat in the form and language in which it has been received.
The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNCTAD.
Expert Meeting on Transport, Trade Logistics and Trade Facilitation
Border Agency cooperation in Trade Facilitation
Non-Tariff Measures and Trade Facilitation
Geneva, 8 May 2019
Ralf Peters, Chief Trade Information Section
UNCTAD
datainformation
knowledge
wisdom
Challenge to comply with requirements
Source: UNCTAD
Bringing dried mangoes into the
EU is duty-free for all countries.
However, exporters need to
comply with
• tolerance limits for pesticide
residues,
• hygienic practices during
production,
• processing methods,
microbiological criteria of the
final product,
• certification, …
Non-Tariff Measures
• “Non-Tariff Measures are policy measures, other than ordinary
customs tariffs, that can potentially have an economic effect on
international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices
or both” (UNCTAD Group of Eminent Persons on NTBs)
→ neutral concept!
• NTMs include a broad range of policy instruments including
1. traditional trade policy instruments, such as quotas and price controls,
and rules of origin as well as
2. regulatory and technical measures that stem from important non-trade
objectives related to health and environmental protection
• Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures and
• Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
Estimated average ad-valorem equivalents
7
2
21
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Agriculture Manufacturing
NTMs
Tariffs
Source: UNCTAD 2012
Trend: NTMs on the rise
2
3
4
5
6
Ta
riff
(%
)
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Nu
mb
er
of M
ea
su
res in
Fo
rce
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Non-Tariff Measures Applied Tariff MFN Tariff
Tariffs have gone down, non-tariff measures not so
Figure 5: Contrasting Trade Policies
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on UNCTAD TRAINS and WTO I-TIP data
Source: UNCTAD 2015
UNCTAD NTM Programme
unctad.org/ntm
Conception
classification
data selection
Datacollection
classifyingNTMs
qualitycontrol
Data Dissemi-nation
makingdata
freely
available
Researchand
analysis
Policy
Support to Policy Makers
and policy
makingprocesses
Guides the concept and data collection
Transparency Good Regulations
Official NTM data collection
• From here… …to here
Map of Data Availability – A global initiative led by UNCTAD
For policy
makers:
trains.unctad.org
(in cooperation
with WTO)
• Tables by
− Products
− Measures
− Members
• Graphs over
time
Non-tariff measures or procedures?
Non-tariff measures(incl. SPS/TBT)
regulations
related procedures
Regional Value Chain Facilitation Tool
To contribute to regional integration through the eliminationof market access barriers, focusing on selected products
and supply chains
• Bottom up approach: from private sector concerns to policy and regulations
• Integrated trade facilitation and NTM approach: before, at and behind the border measures
• Sector-specific approach: beverages and auto-parts sector
Public authorities
(legislation)
Private sector(producers, exporters, importers, distributors,
retailers)
© UNCTAD NTM and TF group
Regional Value Chain Facilitation Tool: Phases
Phase 1
Identification of 2 value chains by
parties through national
consultations
Phase 2
Establishment of Private
Sector Advisory Groups
- Identification of barriers
Phase 3
Analysis:
Regulatory or Procedural Obstacle
(NTM or TF)
- Policy recommend-dations
Phase 4
Validation of policy recommendations
© UNCTAD NTM and TF group