non-pathogenic & opportunistic amoebae. non-pathogenic amoebae entamoeba dispar entamoeba...
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NON-PATHOGENIC&
OPPORTUNISTICAMOEBAE
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NON-PATHOGENIC AMOEBAE
• Entamoeba dispar• Entamoeba hartmanni• Entamoeba coli• Entamoeba gingivalis• Endolimax nana• Iodamoeba beutschlii
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ENTAMOEBA DISPAR• Non-invasive,nonpathogenic• Earlier it was considered as a
nonpathogenic strain of E.histolytica• E.histolytica &E.dispar are
morphologically identical• Cysts of E.histolytica & E.dispar cannot
be differentiated microscopically
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ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI• Earlier considered as small race of E.histolytica• Morphologically similar to E.histolytica• But trophozoites &cysts are smaller and have a
diameter of 4-12µm &5-10µm respectively• Trophozoites never contain ingested red blood
cells• LIFE CYCLE-Similar to E.histolytica• Δ is by measurement of size of the trophozoites
and cysts & absence of red blood cells in trophozoites
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ENTAMOEBA COLI• World wide parasite• Nonpathogenic• Habitat-Lumen of large intestine of man• It exists in 3 stages-Trophozoite,Precyst
and Cyst• Life cycle-Similar to E.histolytica
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TROPHOZOITES
• Sluggish movement• Cytoplasm is not differentiated into ectoplasm
and endoplasm• They never contain red blood cells • But bacteria and cellular debris is present• Karyosome is eccentric• Nuclear membrane is thick and is lined by
coarse chromatin granules
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• CYST• Spherical,15-20µm• Nuclei-1to8• Chromidial bars are filamentous
• PRECYST• Resembles in shape with that of E.histolytica
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ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS• First parasitic amoebae to be recognised• Commensal in the gingival tissue around the
teeth• Described by Gros in 1849 in the soft tartar
between the teeth• Also found in the diseased tonsils and in the
vaginal & cervical smears from women using intrauterine devices
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ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS
• Only the trophozoite stage has been found• Encystation probably does not occur• TROPHOZOITE:10-25µm in diameter;• Actively motile by multiple pseudopodia• Cytoplasm:Differentiated into clear ectoplasm
and granular endoplasm• Food vacuoles consists of digested leukocytes
and epithelial cells
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Cont…..
Bacteria are seen at timesRed blood cells are seen very rarelyNuleus: spherical;central karyosome Chromatin granules are closely packedTRANSMISSION:By close contact like kissing and
from contaminated drinking utensils
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ENDOLIMAX NANA• World wide,nonpathogenic,small amoeba• Habitat:Lumen of large intestine of
humans,primates and pigs• It has 3 stages:Trophozoite,precyst and cyst• TROPHOZOITES are small in size and
cytoplasm is demarcated into ectoplasm and endoplasm
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• Motility: Sluggish• Cytoplasmic inclusions:Bacteria, small
vegetable cells and crystals• No red blood cells• NUCLEUS: Large irregular karyosome ,
arranged eccentrically with Achromatic strands
• Chromidial bars and glycogen vacuole are absent
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IODAMOEBA BUETSCHLII• Nonpathogenic luminal parasite of large
intestine• TROPHOZOITES:Active in freshly evacuated
unformed stools & sluggish in older stools• Ectoplasm is not well differentiated from
endoplasm• NULEUS relatively large;karyosome surrounded
by refractile globules• Cytoplasmic inclusions:Bacteria and yeast cells• CYST:Uninucleate,Chromidial bars absent.
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NAEGLERIA FOWLERI
• MORPHOLOGY• 2 stages:Motile trophozoites and non-motile cysts• TROPHOZOITE:2 forms→Amoeboid & Flagellate AMOEBOID: Amoebostomes- Distinctive phagocytic
structuresNo peripheral chromatin. Reproduction is by simple
binary fissionFLAGELLATE:Non-dividing,non-feeding formCYST: Uninucleate;spherical; mucoid-plugged pores or ostioles in cyst wall
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PATHOGENICITY
• Amoeboid form is the invasive stage• INFECTION:Nasal contamination during
swimming or inhalation of dust containing infective forms
• Flagellate and cyst forms could also enter the nose
• Flagellate forms revert to amoeboid forms and the amoeboid forms escape from the cysts in the nose
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Life cycle
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Amoeboid forms invade nasal mucosa
Cribriform plate
Olfactory nerve
Olfactory bulbs
Posterior regions of the brain., leading to Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
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ACANTHAMOEBA Sp..• Acanthamoeba culbertosoni• A.castellani• A.hatchetti• A.polyphaga• A.rhysodes
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MORPHOLOGY
• Acanthamoeba exists as active trophozoites and resistant cysts
• No flagellate form• TROPHOZOITES:24-56µm;larger than that of
Naegleria;• Irregular in appearance due to acanthopodia-
tapering like pseudopodia;Motility-slow• CYST:Double walled and so are quite resistant• Double wall-Outer wrinkled ectocyst and inner
endocyst
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PATHOGENICITY• INFECTION:By inhalation of trophozoites and • by direct invasion through broken or ulcerated skin or eye• Trophozoites reach lower respiratory tract→ CNS
through blood stream• It causes Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis(GAE)
in immunosupressed patients• In healthy persons: Acanthamoeba keratitis and
infection occurs by direct contact of cornea with amoebae
• It releases proteases→cytolysis of corneal epithelium
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Keratitis
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• Diagnosis: GAE:-Demonstration of Trophozoites in CSF or
trophozoites and cysts in brain tissueKeratitis:Trophozoites and cysts in corneal
scrapings(wet mount preparation)TREATMENT: GAE:Total excision of the mass and
treatment with ketoconazole, penicillin and chloramphenicol
Keratitis:Dibromopropamidine+ Propamidine isethionate ointment or drops
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THANK YOU