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Non-Metallic Human Vagus Nerve Stimulator Mengqiao Li, Sijian Yan, MEng ‘16 Advisor: Dr. Bruce Land, Dr. Adam Anderson School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University Overview Design and Implementation Evaluation Experimental Results Conclusion Approach Acknowledgements References The vagus (or “wandering”) nerve is cranial nerve 10, connecting the brain with vital organs (heart, lungs, gut). • Vary heart rate • Control food digestion • Relieve stress • Improve memory [1 ] “Course and distribution of theglossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.” Quote from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nerve [2] “Vagus nerve stimulation”, MAYO CLINIC. Quote from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests- procedures/vagus-nerve-stimulation/home/ovc-20167755 [3] “Complete Pan Tompkins Implementation ECG QRS Detector”, MathWorks. Quote from: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/45840-complete-pan-tompkins-implementation- ecg-qrs-detector/content/pan_tompkin.m [4] “Values of the Chi-squared distribution”, MadCalc, Quote from: https://www.medcalc.org/manual/chi- square-table.php We would like to thank our advisor Dr. Bruce Land for his advice, encouragement, and continued support of this project. We also need to thank to Dr. Adam Anderson and his PhD student Ross Markello for their external help with using medical equipment. Peak Location – Left Peak Location – Right Peak Location – Still • Pan-Tompkins peak analysis • Interval Distribution Analysis Existing highly invasive (implants between carotid and jugular) vagus stimulators has been • Generate Varying Frequencies Circuit Board • Circuit Testing • Heart Rate Data Collection under Different States Experiments Circuit Implementation EKG Experiment Statistical Analysis Encapsulation Our device has achieved fundamental functions. Statistical analysis of experimental results using this stimulator doesn’t indicate a more varying heart rate under vagus nerve stimulating circumstances so more further evaluations are needed. It could because the number of testers is too small to be analyze statistically. Further work will be to make a better shaped, more compatible end of the device, as well as test multiple subjects. Furthermore, improvement could be made to meet the need of MRI compatibility since the potential application in medial still exists. The figures above show the heart beat ( from single subject) versus time. Each X-axis represents three minutes and the plots from top to bottom are measured under 10Hz, 30Hz, and 60Hz stimulation respectively. Tragus and Cavity of concha both contain 45% of vagus nerve receptors. Antihelix contains 75% and all of the receptors in Cymba Conchac are vagus nerve receptor. • Pan-Tompkins Algorithm • Interval Distribution Analysis Statistical Analysis • Black box • MRI compatible materials Encapsulation In order to evaluate the correlations of stimulating left ear V.S. still and stimulation right ear V.S. still, we used Chi-squared to determine whether there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in our experiments. …... Here the degree of freedom is 226 since the number of sample is 227. All of the numbers exceed the standard value in the table above. Therefore, it is not convincingto conclude any relationship based on Chi-Square calculation. Further test is needed. These three figures represent the heart beat interval distribution under different stimulation frequencies. Normally the wider the peak is, the more variable the heart rate is considered to be. approved by FDA for a variety of conditions,includingMajor Depression. But Human ecology scientists at Cornell are lookingfor a non-invasive device utilizing the fact that the vagus receives input from touch receptors around the ear. Goals of this project: • Build an around-the-ear device that is capable of generating varying vibratory frequencies • Discover the vibrat frequency of around-the-ear vagus nerve stimulation that has the most significant influence to human heart rate • Figure out a way to make the device MRI compatible – non-metallic Greater standard deviation of beat-to-beat intervals indicates a more varying heart rate. Here we can see that heart rate varies the most when stimulating right ear with 60Hz frequency.

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Page 1: Non-Metallic Human Vagus Nerve Stimulatorpeople.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/eceprojects... · Non-Metallic Human Vagus Nerve Stimulator Mengqiao Li, Sijian Yan, MEng ‘16 Advisor:

Non-MetallicHumanVagusNerveStimulatorMengqiaoLi,Sijian Yan,MEng‘16

Advisor:Dr.BruceLand,Dr.AdamAndersonSchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering,CornellUniversity

Overview DesignandImplementation Evaluation

Experimental Results

ConclusionApproach

Acknowledgements

References

Thevagus (or“wandering”)nerveis

cranialnerve10,connectingthebrainwith

vitalorgans(heart,lungs,gut).

• Varyheartrate

• Controlfooddigestion

• Relievestress

• Improvememory

[1]“Courseanddistributionoftheglossopharyngeal,vagus,andaccessorynerves.”Quotefrom:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nerve[2]“Vagusnervestimulation”,MAYOCLINIC.Quotefrom:http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/vagus-nerve-stimulation/home/ovc-20167755[3]“CompletePanTompkinsImplementationECGQRSDetector”,MathWorks.Quotefrom:http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/45840-complete-pan-tompkins-implementation-ecg-qrs-detector/content/pan_tompkin.m[4]“ValuesoftheChi-squareddistribution”,MadCalc,Quotefrom:https://www.medcalc.org/manual/chi-square-table.php

WewouldliketothankouradvisorDr.BruceLandforhisadvice,encouragement,andcontinuedsupportofthisproject.WealsoneedtothanktoDr.AdamAndersonandhisPhDstudentRossMarkello fortheirexternalhelpwithusingmedicalequipment.

PeakLocation– Left PeakLocation– Right PeakLocation– Still

• Pan-Tompkinspeakanalysis

• IntervalDistributionAnalysis

Existinghighlyinvasive(implantsbetween

carotidandjugular)vagus stimulatorshasbeen

• GenerateVaryingFrequenciesCircuitBoard

• CircuitTesting• HeartRateDataCollectionunderDifferentStates

Experiments

CircuitImplementation

EKGExperiment

StatisticalAnalysis

Encapsulation

Ourdevicehasachievedfundamentalfunctions.Statisticalanalysis

ofexperimentalresultsusingthisstimulatordoesn’tindicateamore

varyingheartrateundervagusnervestimulatingcircumstances so

morefurtherevaluationsareneeded.Itcouldbecausethenumberof

testersistoosmalltobeanalyzestatistically.

Furtherworkwillbetomakeabettershaped,morecompatible

endofthedevice,aswellastestmultiplesubjects.Furthermore,

improvementcouldbemadetomeettheneedofMRIcompatibility

sincethepotentialapplicationinmedialstillexists.Thefiguresaboveshowtheheartbeat(fromsinglesubject)versustime.EachX-axisrepresentsthreeminutesandtheplots

fromtoptobottomaremeasuredunder10Hz,30Hz,and60Hzstimulationrespectively.

Tragus andCavity

ofconcha both

contain45%ofvagus

nervereceptors.

Antihelix contains

75%andallofthe

receptorsinCymba

Conchac arevagus

nervereceptor.

• Pan-TompkinsAlgorithm• IntervalDistributionAnalysis

StatisticalAnalysis

• Blackbox• MRIcompatiblematerialsEncapsulation

InordertoevaluatethecorrelationsofstimulatingleftearV.S.still

andstimulationrightearV.S.still,weusedChi-squaredtodetermine

whetherthereisasignificantdifferencebetweentheexpected

frequenciesandtheobservedfrequenciesinourexperiments.

…...

Herethedegreeoffreedomis226sincethenumberofsampleis

227.Allofthenumbersexceedthestandardvalueinthetableabove.

Therefore,itisnotconvincingtoconcludeanyrelationshipbasedon

Chi-Squarecalculation.Furthertestisneeded.

Thesethreefiguresrepresenttheheartbeatintervaldistributionunderdifferentstimulationfrequencies.Normallythewider

thepeakis,themorevariabletheheartrateisconsideredtobe.

approvedbyFDAforavarietyofconditions,includingMajor

Depression.ButHumanecologyscientistsatCornellarelookingfora

non-invasivedeviceutilizingthefactthatthevagus receivesinputfrom

touchreceptorsaroundtheear.

Goalsofthisproject:

• Buildanaround-the-eardevicethatiscapableofgeneratingvarying

vibratoryfrequencies

• Discoverthevibrat frequency ofaround-the-earvagus nerve

stimulation thathasthemostsignificantinfluencetohumanheart

rate

• FigureoutawaytomakethedeviceMRIcompatible– non-metallic

Greaterstandarddeviationof

beat-to-beatintervalsindicatesa

morevaryingheartrate.Herewe

canseethatheartratevariesthe

mostwhenstimulatingrightear

with60Hzfrequency.

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