Nomenclature Notes

Learning CheckIdentify the following as covalent(M), ionic(I), or acid(A) bonding:

NH4HCO3 ____________

Zn(NO3)2 ____________

CO ________________

KBrO3________________

CuI ________________ HF ________________

SF2 ________________

HNO3________________

N2O ________________

Cu2O ________________

CaBr2 ________________

Ba3(PO4)2 ______________

Molecular CompoundsFormed by:• 2 or more nonmetals sharing electrons

Naming Steps

1. Name first nonmetal with prefix

IF subscript > 1

2. Name second nonmetal with prefix

ALWAYS & change suffix to –ide

Prefixes

Mono = 1 Tetra = 4 Hepta = 7

Di = 2 Penta = 5 Octa = 8

Tri = 3 Hexa = 6 Nona = 9

Deca = 10

Formulas• Translate prefixes, prefix = subscript

N2O dihydrogen monoxide

Si8O5 tetrasulfur hexachloride

NH3 carbon monoxide

P3I10 carbon dioxide

= Dinitrogen monoxide

= Octasilicon pentoxide

= Nitrogen trihydride

= Triphosphorus deciodide

= H2O

= S4Cl6

= CO

= CO2

Examples:

Learning Check - Covalent Bonding

• Write the names for the following covalent molecules:

P4S5 ________________________

SeF6 ________________________

Si2Br 6 ________________________

SCl4 ________________________

B2Si ________________________

• Write the formulas for the following covalent molecules:

• antimony tribromide ____________________

• hexaboron monosilicide __________________

• hydrogen moniodide _____________________

• iodine pentafluoride _____________________

• dinitrogen trioxide ______________________

Ionic Bonding – Naming Compounds

• Formed by:• Metal transferring e- to nonmetal• cation: positive ion formed by metal losing e-• anion: negative ion formed by nonmetal gaining e-• oppositely charged cation and anion attract to form ionic bond

Ions Formed

±4+1

+2

varies

+3 -3 -2 -1

0

Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Steps

1. Name cation first

2. Give cation roman numeral indicating value of charge EXCEPTIONS: the following metals DO NOT receive a roman numeral -

Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, silver, zinc, cadmium Reverse criss-cross & raise

3. Name anion with –ide suffix– EXCEPTIONS: polyatomic ion names are not altered

Examples:

NaCl KNO3

MgBr2 CuO

Li2SO4 Cu2O

K3N SnS2

= sodium chloride

= magnesium bromide

= lithium sulfate

= potassium nitride

= potassium nitrate

= copper (II) oxide

= copper (I) oxide

= tin (IV) sulfide

I, II, III, IV, V, VI, …

• Write the names for the following ionic compounds:

• SrS _____________________________• Cu2S ____________________________

• Be(OH)2 __________________________

• K2CO3 ____________________________

• Mn(NO3)3 _________________________

Learning Check - Ionic Bonding

Formulas1. Write symbol and charge on cation

Roman numeral = charge EXCEPTIONS: the following metals only have one charge possible alkali metals

+1, alkaline earth metals +2, aluminum +3, silver +1, zinc+2, cadmium +2

2. Write symbol and charge on anion3. Select subscript* that makes lowest ratio of charges so,

TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE criss-cross & reduce

*formula of polyatomic ion formula in parentheses & subscript outside of parentheses

Examples: Sodium Oxide Aluminum Sulfide Potassium Sulfate

Ammonium Phosphate

Na+1 O -2

Na2O

Al +3 S -2

Al2S3

K +1 SO4-2

K2SO4

NH4+1 PO4

-3

(NH4)3PO4

cobalt(II) oxide copper(II) hydroxide Iron(II) phosphateCo+2 O -2

CoO

Cu+2 OH-1

Cu(OH)2

Fe +2 PO4-3

Fe3(PO4)2

Learning Check - Ionic Bonding

Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds:• potassium fluoride ______________________• magnesium iodide ______________________• ammonium sulfate ______________________• lead (II) nitrite _________________________• lead (IV) sulfite _________________________

Naming AcidsFormed by:• H+ bonding with anion

Naming

Determined by anion• Anion without oxygen:

hydro-[root]-ic acid• Anion with oxygen & –ate suffix:

[root]-ic acid• Anion with oxygen & –ite suffix:

[root]-ous acid

Formulas• Translate anion from suffix and

prefix• Write H+ with anionSelect subscript that makes lowest ratio of charges so, TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE• criss-cross & reduce

HCl hydroiodic acid

HClO3 hydronitric acid

HClO4 nitric acid

HClO2 nitrous acid

HClO sulfuric acid

= Hydrochloric acid

= Chloric acid

= Perchloric acid

= Chlorous acid

= hypochlorous acid

= HI

= H3N

= HNO3

= HNO2

= H2SO4

Learning Check – Acid Bonding• Write the names for the

following acids:

• H3PO3 ___________________________

• HClO2

___________________________• H2Te

___________________________• HCl

___________________________• HBr

___________________________

• Write the formulas for the following acids:

• hydrocyanic acid ________________________

• hydrofluoric acid ________________________

• phosphoric acid ________________________

• sulfuric acid ________________________

• sulfurous acid ________________________