Nomenclature

Naming Compounds

Ionic Compounds• Metal bonding with non-metal• One atom gains electrons, one atom loses

electrons• Exist as ions with full highest energy levels.• Are held together in a giant crystal by the

electrostatic attraction of the opposite charges.

• The metal is named first; the nonmetal gets “ide” at the end of it’s name.

• Ex. CaCl2 Calcium chloride

There is no real bond between the ions. There is just strong attraction

between the opposite charges.

-

-

-

- - -

-

-

+

+ +

++

+

+

MetalsNon-MetalsRule #1

Writing Ionic Formulas

• Determine the charge on each ion.• Find the lowest common multiple that

will balance the charge.ex. Calcium Chloride Ca+2 Cl-

+2 x2=-2 (to balance the charge)

CaCl2

Sodium phosphideMagnesium tellurideLithium chlorideBarium carbideStrontium arsenide

Try theseMetal & Non-metal

Ionic Compounds part II• The transition metal is named first

with a Roman numeral to indicate the charge on the ion; the nonmetal gets “ide” at the end of its name.

Transition Metals

Non- metalsRule #2

Transition Metals

Non- metalsRule #2

Transition Metals

What is the name of CuO ?

We know that oxygen has a charge of –2.

Therefore, copper must have a charge of +2.

We must indicate the charge of the transition metal.

Copper (II) oxide

Fe3N2

NiBr3

CoCl2HgISnS2

Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal

Fe3N2

Iron was multiplied by 3 and nitrogen (-3) was multiplied by 2 (-6) so that the charges would balance.

The charge on Iron must have been +2.

Iron (II) nitride

Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal

NiBr3

The charge (from the periodic table) on Br is –1.

Br was multiplied by 3 (hence the subscript), so the charge on Nickel MUST be +3.

Nickel (III) Bromide

Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal

CoCl2The charge (from the periodic table) on Cl

is –1.Chlorine was multiplied by 2 (hence the

subscript), so the charge on Cobalt MUST be +2.

Cobalt (II) Chloride

Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal

HgIThe charge (from the periodic table) on I

is –1.Iodine was not multiplied by anything (no

subscript), so the charge on Mercury MUST be +1.

Mercury (I) Iodide

Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal

MnO2

The charge (from the periodic table) on O is –2.

Oxygen was multiplied by 2 (hence the subscript), so the charge on Manganese MUST be +4.

Manganese (IV) Oxide

Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal

Formula writing with transition metals

Simple!ex. Nickel (II) IodideThe charge on the nickel ion is

obviously +2.The charge on iodide is always -1. Therefore, the formula is: NiI2

Ionic Compounds part III

• Bonding with a Polyatomic ion• The metal is named first; the polyatomic

anion is named second (a polyatomic cation is named first).

Ex. Li3PO4 Lithium phosphate

OH-1

SO4-2

NO3-1

CO3-2

PO4-3

NH4+1

ClO3-1

Polyatomic Ions thatwe use in science 10:

hydroxidesulfatenitratecarbonatephosphateammoniumchlorate

NaOHK2SO4

Ba(NO3)2

CuCO3

Li3PO4

NH4Cl

Try these:Polyatomic Ion

NaOHK2SO4

Ba(NO3)2

CuCO3

Li3PO4

NH4ClO3

Try these:

Sodium HydroxidePotassium SulfateBarium NitrateCopper(II) CarbonateLithium PhosphateAmmonium Chlorate

Writing FormulasCalcium sulfatePotassium carbonateAmmonium hydroxideIron (III) chlorateCopper (I) phosphateZinc sulfate

Ionic Bondingvs

Molecular Bonding

Makes "Compounds” vs Makes "Molecules"Transfers electrons vs Shares electronsMetals & Nonmetals vs Made of NonmetalsPositive & Negative vs NeutralWeak Bond vs Strong bondNaCl KOH CaCl2 vs H2O CO2 NH3 CH4

Molecular Compounds• Non-metals bond with

non-metals.• Atoms share electrons.• The number of each atom

present is indicated by a prefix.• Add “ide” to the end of the

second atom’s name.

Prefixes

Mono

Di

Tri

Tetra

Penta

Hexa

Hepta

Octa

Nona

Deca

Non- metalsRule #3

ex.

N2O dinitrogen monoxide

NO nitrogen monoxide

N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide

NO2 nitrogen dioxide *

N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide

N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide

ex.

N2O dinitrogen monoxide

NO nitrogen monoxide

N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide

NO2 nitrogen dioxide *

N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide

N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide

* When the first atom is singular, the prefix “mono” is not used.

Try These:Non-metal & Non-metal

SO3

XeF6

KrF2

BrCl5SCl4PF3

As4O10

N2O3

sulfur trioxidexenon hexafluoridekrypton difluoridebromine pentachloridesulfur tetrachloridephosphorus trifluoridetetrarsenic decoxidedinitrogen trioxide

Writing Formulas• Write each atom’s symbol with a

subscript equal to the prefix.

Ex. Hexaphosphorus tribromide P6Br3

Pentatellurium mononitride Te5N

Try these

dinitrogen pentasulfidecarbon monoxideheptasulfur trioxidexenon hexafluoridetrisulfur hexafluoridephosphorus pentachloridenitrogen monoxidedibismuth trichloride

Try these

dinitrogen pentasulfide N2S5

carbon monoxide C0

heptasulfur trioxide S7O3

xenon hexafluoride XeF6

trisulfur hexafluoride S3F6

phosphorus pentachloride PCl5

nitrogen monoxide NO

dibismuth trichloride Bi2Cl3