nomenclature for tower func& erection

7/27/2019 Nomenclature for Tower Func& Erection

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ID:

SBU

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8

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9

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Engineering Construction and Projects

Aster Teleservices Pvt LtdTraining Division

Workshop on Induction Programme

Name:

Date:

Aster Telecom Pvt Ltd

Aster Transmissions Pvt Ltd

Aster Teleservices Pvt Ltd

Aster Testing Pvt Ltd

What is ECP

What is ATPL

RFES

Economic Construction Projects

Engineering Complete Projects

Engineering Constrction and Planning

Who manufactures towers for ATPL

Vendors

Aster’s own fabrication facilitiesCustomers and / or their other vendors

All or any of the above

Which SBU installs and commissions the Microwave hops

ECP

ESD

Telecom

IBO

T&DSSV

All of the above

Which divisions or verticals handles works pertaining to tower transmission lines

What are the key words in the quality policy of aster

What is Quality Assurance

What it TTDS

Transmission Tower Design and Supply

Telecom Tower Design and Supply

Total Tower Design and Supply

Tower Testing, Drawings and Supplying

Inspection of work and accepting and rejecting

Manufacturing works and leave quality for the users

Ensuring quality work right at every stage

Customer requirements

Quality

Continnual improvements

T&D

Which SBU maintains the Optical Fibre Cables for customers

ECP

ESD

O&M

RFES



d

10

a

b

c

d

11

ab

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

*

14

15

Which of these statements are correct

Every team member is expected to wear suit and tie when attending meetings

The team member is expected to plan his work and execute

Environmental management systems

Occupational hazards and safety

None of the above

What are the words that should be avoided in writing letters

What is ISO 9001

All of the above

Repeating the actions decided at the end of the meeting

Noting down the action points during meeting

Asking relavant questions for clarification

All of the above

IYou

Don’t

All of the above

Accusing individuals

Passing on that one does not know his work

Which of the following are the taboos while sending mails

Best way of bridging the communication gap is

Slang

All of the above

Quality management systems



Format No:ATE-T-06-R1



Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect



New Framed

1

A

B

CD

2

A

B

C

D

3

A

B

C

D

4

A

B

C

D

5

A

B

C

D

6

A

B

C

D

For transmiting & receiving the signals.

What is tower?

What are the various application of latice tower?

Give application of telecom tower ?

What is GBT ?

The structure which is made up of no.of members

For communication,

Power Transmission lines

RF towers

All the above

The tower which is errected on the surface of the natural ground

Wind Current

Sesmic load

All the above

both b & c

Supporting the antennae at a required height

Power transmission & flood light towers

The tower which is errected on the surface of the roof

Tower Nomenclature

both a & b

None

Self Weight

A tower is a huge building block of concrete structure.

A self supporting structure made up of latice structure.

A structure made up of concrete blocks & latice structures.It is used to transmit the signals.

The structure which is made up of leg members

The structure which is made up of iron rods

both a & b

What is Latice structure?

What are the various loads subjected to Tower?



7

A

B

C

D

8

A

B

C

D

9

A

B

C

D

10

A

B

C

D

11

A

B

C

D

12

A

B

C

What is icing ?

What is anchor redius for Guyed Tower ?

In how many direction generally guyed tower is guyed?

What is RTT ?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Guy Mast over Self supporting to

The tower which is errected on the surface of the natural ground

the tower erected on the existing building .

Radio Transmission Tower

Both b & c

Advantage- These tower provide height at much lower cost. Disadavntage- It

requires more land

Guyed towers are normally guyed in six directions.

Guyed towers are normally guyed in four directions.

The process of formation of ice

The icing is the freezing of tower in cold enviornment

The icing is the fall of ice , this icing is trouble some for towers life, it causes aer

resulting in galloping.

Where is Tubular guy mast used ?

Advantage- These tower provide height at much higher cost. Disadavntage- It

requires more land.

Advantage- These tower provide low height at much lower cost.

Disadavntage- It requires more land

Advantage- These tower provide height at much lower cost. Disadavantage- It

requires less land

The anchor redius of guyed tower is generally 2/3 height of tower.



Both a & c

Guyed towers are normally guyed in five directions.

Guyed towers are normally guyed in three directions.

In the snow Falling Enviornment

Everywhere we can use

Where More height is required

More antennas have Mount



D

13

A

B

C

D

14

A

B

C

D

15

A

B

C

D

16

A

B

C

D

17

A

B

C

D

18

A

B

Stiffness is to avoid the resistance of a body against deflection

What are the advantages & disadvantages of square & triangular towers?

less than 200 meter height.

more than 300 meters.

more than 100 meters.

less than 250 meters.

Weight increases with increase in number of faces in cross section.

Weight increases with increase in type of material.

What are the factors, which are responsible for increasing the weight of tower for sam

What is stiffness ?

Hexagonal & Polygonal Towers are used for achieving heights

Stiffness is the resistance of a body against deflection or deformation against

applied load.

Stiffness is to reduce the resistance of a body against deflection.

All the above

When number of antennas required is less

None of These

When is it preferable to use monopole?

hexagonal & polygonal Tower

all the above

Advantage : it requires less steel Disadvantage : It has more stiffness in torsion.

What are the various types of towers as per their cross section?

When the height required for of the tower required is less

A or B

none

Square tower

Triangular tower

Advantage : it requires more steel Disadvantage : It has more stiffness in torsio

Advantage : it requires more steel Disadvantage : It has less stiffness in torsion.

Advantage : it requires less steel Disadvantage : It has less stiffness in torsion.



C

D

19

A Plain

B Angular

C Tubular

D Both b & c

20

A

B

C

D

21

A

B

C

D

22

A

B

C

D

23

A

B

C

The bolts having J- shape in elevation provided to transfer the uplift and side

thrust of tower .

The bolts having T- shape in elevation provided to transfer the uplift and side

thrust of tower .

The bolts having L- shape in elevation provided to transfer the uplift and sidethrust of tower .

none

The anchor length of bolt less than 50D , D is diameter of bolts.

The anchor length of bolt is 50D , D is diameter of bolts.



What is anchor bolts ?

Generally weight for same height Tower is same

None of above

Advantage : half of the weight when compared to angular , Reduced wind load

Disadvantages : Higher cost , complicated connection .

Advantage : Easy to manufacture . Disadvantages : Less Strength .

Advantage : Easy to transport Disadvantages : Reduce strength in Higher wind c

None of above

What is the length of Anchor bolts ?

What are the various material sections are used for towers ?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using tubular section instead of angular

What are the various type foundation bolts available?

J- Shaped

L- Shaped

Anchor Washer



D

24

A

B

C

D

25

A

B

C

D

26

A

B

C

D

27

A

B

C

D

Level nut is used to maintain the equal elevation of the Template plate.

Level nut is used to maintain the equal elevation of the base plate.

All of above

As per designer specification , for providing good look

What is the use of leveling nut below Base plate?

Which is the washer to be used in foundation bolts ? And why?

What will happen if we use Spring washer Instead of bearing washer in foundation ?

Why foundation bolt required special section at the end ?

Both A & B

None

Plain washer is used because it provides more area of contact , against the

bearing load to aviod failure.

Bearing washer is used because it provides less area of contact , against the

bearing load to aviod failure.Bearing washer is used because it provides more area of contact , against the

Tensile load to aviod failure.

Bearing washer is used because it provides more area of contact , against the

bearing load to aviod failure.

Spring washer have more contact of area & because of this assembly will fail

in bearing load.

Spring washer have less contact of area & because of this assembly will fail intaking tensile load.

Spring washer have less contact of area & because of this assembly will fail in

bearing load.

None

All of above

As the one end of founadtion bolt is embedded in concrete, so for providing the

Just for increasing The Strength of bolts



28

A

B

C

D

29

A

B

C

D

30

A

B

C

D

31

A

B

C

D

32

A

B

C

D

33

Nothing will happen. Only extra cost to the organization

None

Then one more level nut should be added in the foundation bolt

More concrete material will required, will extra cost to company.

More grouting material will required, will extra cost to company.

It will increase the life time of the tower

If the gap between the base plate & FFL is more than 2d to3d, what will happen?

If the gap between the base plate & FFL is less than 2d to3d, what will happen?

Can we use Plain washer in place of bearing washer in foundation ?

How many nuts should be used in foundation bolts ?

Name the nuts used in foundation bolts ?

What will happen if you miss the one main nut ?

Yes,it has greater strenght agaist the subjected load.

No, it has less strength aganist the subjected load.

Some times we can use

none of the above

Four nuts

Two nuts

Five nuts

Three nuts

Main nut 1, Main nut 2 below base plate , where as level nut above baseplate.

Main nut 1, Main nut 2 below base plate , where as level nut above base plate.

Main nut 1, Main nut 2 above base plate , where as level nut below base plate

Both a & c

It will reduce the life time of the tower

Both a & b



A

B

C

D

34

A

B

C

D

35

A

B

C

D

36

A

B

C

D

37

A

B

C

D

Templates is used as customers want to used

All of above

None

The grouting material cannot be inserted properly.

It will reduce the cost of grouting material for the company.

It will reduce the cost of concrete material.

What is grouting ?

What is Template ?

Why we are using Template in tower ?

Proper grouting cannot be done and the length of exposure of Fdn Bolts will be

loosening of Main nut -2

Grouting is concrete used below baseplate

It is special cement

Grouting is non shirnkable chemical

None of these

The temporary structure by means of which the anchor bolts or stubs are set in

The permanent structure by means of which the anchor bolts or stubs are set in

The temporary structure by means of which the Colomn reinforcement are set i

Templates are very useful in setting foundation bolts

Template is used to set the concrete

What will happen if distance between the two stubs is not maintained properly during

drawing ?

The tower will not transfer its loads to the ground uniformly.

nothing will happen.

This will leads to undue strain & distoration at the time of tower assembly on th

both a & c



38

A

B

C

D

39

a

b

c

d

40

A

B

C

D

41

A

B

C

D

42

What is stub ?

What is fillet thickness to be considered for welding the stub to base plate ?

Which is welding procedure to be used for welding the stub to base plate ?

A member of short length of the different cross section as bottom legs ,welded

to the base plate.

Stub assembly is made up of stub, Stiffners & baseplate

Frist assembly which is fixed on the FFL on which entire tower is erected

All of above

Base plate , Stub & stiffners.

Base plate,stub & ribs

Base plate,stub, gusset plate & stiffners

Stub assembly is the bottom most part of tower which uniformly transfer the lo

A member of short length of the same cross section as bottom legs ,welded to

the template.

fillet thickness usually less than the thickness of the stub angle.

both a & b

fillet thickness usually same as thickness of the stub angle.

What is Stub assembly ?

Name the parts of Stub assembly ?

fillet thickness usually more than the thickness of the stub angle.

Both b&c

A member of short length of the same cross section as bottom legs ,welded to

the base plate.

A member of longer length of the same cross section as bottom legs ,welded to

the base plate.



A

B

C

D

43

A

B

C

D

44

A

B

C

D

45

A

B

C

D

46

A

B

What is base plate ?

What are the critical aspect of base plate ?

Both B & C

What is panel in tower ?

Panel is the component of tower which consist of legs ,diagonal , horizontals& r

Panel is the component of tower which consist of legs ,

The plate is used for setting the foundation bolts

The plate is used at bottom of stub assembly

The plates generally in square shape, to which stub is welded to distribute the

load from tower leg to Column.

Base plates's evenness

Base plate's correct dimension

Electric Arc Welding

The welding is done by GMAW ( Gas metal arc welding )

To increase the resistance against the deflection .

both a & b

None of above

both a & b

A shape of base plate

What is the function stiffeners in base shoe assembly ?

Spot welding

Fillet welding

to increase the weld length for the load transfer from stub onto baseplate .



C

D

47

A

B

C

D

48

A

B

C

D

49

A

B

C

D

50

A

B

C

D

What is the height of panel in GBT and RTT ?

On which factors the heigth of panel is decided ?

Both a & b

None of above

Panel is the Height of tower which consist of leg to leg joint

None of above

Panel height in GBT is 5 meters & in RTT is 3 meters.



Depends on Customer Specification

Truncation requirement

economical Design criteria.

Both a & b

Depends on height of antennae mounts

The tower Legs.

Antennae mounts

Bracings

All of above

Adequate starred angles or double starred angles are used.

tubular tower is to be used

Which is the main load bearing element of tower ?

If single angle sections are not adequate to take the load then what are the various sec

for legs in tower ?



51

A

B

C

D

52

a

b

c

d

53

A

B

C

D

54

A

B

C

D

55

a

Why the flanges are to be welded to the Tubular legs ?

Where do you find the Tubular section of legs generally ?

In Tubular tower

In Hybrid tower

In triangular hybrid tower

All of above

What is ribs and what its significance in tubular towers?

These flanges is used for tubular leg joint ,as it provides more contact area.

Both a & c

It provides ease for leg joints

To achieve more strength

The stiffners in the tubular leg & flange joint is called Ribs. The function of Rib is

it is inadequate in bending .

To increase the resistance against the deflection .

depends on the direction of wind load.

Depends on the Self weight of tower

Depends upon the MW & GSM antennas

All of above

both a & b

None of above

On which factor the compression & tension of tubular legs depends ?

Which are the type of joints used in leg joint ?

Butt Joints



b

c

d

56

A

B

C

D

57

a

b

c

d

58

A

B

C

D

59

A

B

C

D

60 Where do you use Pack plates ?

All of above

as per designer specification

As per customer specification

What should be the length of cover plate ?

The desired profile can be achieved by bending the cover plate instead of angle.

It is used in leg butt joints

Both A & B

None of above

Cleat angles are angular sections with heel grinding, which is used inside the bu

Cleat is used in, inner side of angular leg joints

Cleat is small angle which is used instead of two inner cover plate

In butt joint what is the minimum gap should be kept between two leg members ?

What is the advantage of cover plate in tower ?

Lap Joints

Both A & B

The gap should be from 4 mm to 6 mm


The gap should as per designer specification

Both a & c

Sufficient to accommodate the designed bolts in the leg to leg joints

Any length can be considered

What is cleat angle and where do you find cleat angle ?

Gusset joint



A

B

C

D

61

A

B

C

D

62

A

B

C

D

63

A

B

C

D

64

A

B

What is the bracings or diagonals and why it is used in tower ?

The spacer plate is used when there is more distances. If small distance is there

Both can be used for same application

None of above

The batten plate is used to join the stringers of Horzontal /Vertical cable tray .

It is horizontal rod used in access ladder

Both above a & b

None all of above

Where stitch Plates are used ?

When the members are being joined by butt joint have variation in the thicknes

It is used in leg joint for providing Strength

It is used in lap joint

None of above

The spacer plate is used when there is small distances. If more distance is there

What is the difference between spacer plate & batten plate ?

where do you use batten plate in tower ?

Used in single or double star connection.

If smaller space is to be maintained

Both above a & b

None of above

The inclined member which connected to legs diagonally

The loads are transferred to diagonals by shear



C

D

65

A

B

C

D

66

A

B

C

D

67

A

B

C

D

68

A

B

C

D

69

A

B

C

What are the various types of bracing used in communicacation towers ?

All Of above

Cross Bracing

Plan Bracing

Torsional Bracing

What is redundant?

What is horizontals ?

What is the purpose of Horizontals in tower ?

What are the various loads which considered on horizontals ?

The straight members which interconnects the legs horizontally

These Bracing is used to support Platforms

A small Horizontal Angle for support

Both a & b

For suporting the plan bracing

For supporting the platform

For supporting access ladder and Cable track.

All Of above

Subjected to Tensile & Compressive Load

Subjected to Torsional Load

Subjected to Bending Load

Both B & C

The Secondary member used to reduce unsupported length

It is a Length reducer

It is used in the Access ladder

To Reduce unsupported length

All of above



D

70

A

B

C

D

71

A

B

C

D

72

A

B

C

D

73

A

B

C

D

74

A

B

C

D

75

What is gusset plate ?

Why gusset plate is used in angular tower?

What are the advantages of Portal Bracing ?

Why the access ladder (Climbing ladder) is necessary in communication tower ?

Why gusset plate is used in hybrid tower?

What is the plan bracings ?

None of Above

These bracing avoid the twisting of legs.

These bracing Take more load than legs

These are used to support the horizontal bracing

None of Above

Both A & C

It is the plate used to join one member to more than one member

It is used to accommodate number of bolts required for a connection .

It Same as the Cover plate in width

Both A & B

Used as packing when there is variation in thickness of Legs

It is used to provide cover in leg joint

It is used to accommodate number of bolts required for a connection .

All Of above

It is required to connect secondary members to the legs.

It is used to stiffness to the assembly

Both A & B

None of Above

The bracing which are visible from top or the bottom of the tower is called plan bra


The bracing which are designed to plan the excess load in tower



A

B

C

D

76

A

B

C

D

77

A

B

C

D

78

A

B

C

D

79

A

B

C

D

80

A

B

Minimum 300 mm

Any thing above 500 mm

Minimum 300 cm

Minimum 200 mm

What is the spacing should be kept between two Stringers of access ladder ?

For accessing the the antennas & tower components for maintenance

For Accessing the tower

For checking the tower strength at the top

All Of above

what is Rung size generally ?

What is safety cage ?

What is the minimum distance kept between the safety cage runners across the safety c

16 mm Diameter rod

16 mm flat plate is used

Any size can be used

20 mm

what is Rung ?

It is horizontal part of access ladder

it is horizontal part of Vertical Cable trays

it is horizontal part of Horizontal Cable trays

All Of above

It is provided for safety purpose to the access ladder

It is provided for safety purpose to the Working platform

It is provided for safety purpose to the Rest platform

All Of above

100 degrees apart

90 degree aparts.



C

D

81

A

B

C

D

82

A

B

C

D

83

A

B

C

D

84

A

B

C

D

85

A

B

What is Working Platform?

What is cable gland ?

What is Rest platform ?

which plate generally used for Rest platform?

What is the purpose of Vertical & horizontal cable tray ?

120 Degrees aparts

Any angle is ok

For accessing the tower

For supporting the cable running from antenna to the equipment shelter.

To support the horizontal Bracing .

All Of above

It is used to join the cable running from Shelter

It is a metal clamp which seen on VCT & HCT

This insulated clamp which is used to hold the cable to VCT & HCT .

None of Above

The platform which is used for rest purpose

It is generally located at one corner of horizontal bracings

It is located near Antennas mounts

Both A & B

Chequered plate

Flat Plate

Wire meshed platform

Both A & C

The platform which is used for rest purpose

It is generally located at all around the horizontal bracings



C

D

86

A

B

C

D

87

A

B

C

D

88

A

B

C

D

89

A

B

C

D

90

A

B

C

What are the various components of Platform?

What is chequred Plate ?

How will you differenciate the GSM antenna mounts from MW antenna mounts ?

What is antenna mount ?

What is the position of Nut in platform assembly ?

It is located near Antennas mounts

Both B & C

Chequered plate or welded wire mesh flooring plate,

Bracket

Railings

All Of above

The plate which is used as flooring member having holes in center to drain out rai

The flooring member having meshed wire

The flat plate having hole

The GSM antenna mount has smaller diameter & longer length comparatively the

larger diameter & shorter length.

The GSM antenna mount has smaller diameter & smaller length comparatively th

larger diameter & Larger length.

The GSM antenna mount has larger diameter & longer length comparatively the M


None of Above

Facing upward

Facing Downwards

It depends upon the customer wish

one facing inside & other outside

Tubes used to hold antenna ,

It is nothing but antennas only

It is near working platform holding the antennas

Both A & C



D

99

A

B

C

D

100

A

B

C

D

101

A

B

C

D

102

A

B

C

D

103

A

B

C

D

104 What are the various steels used in the Tower ?

What is day marking as per ICAO Requirements ?

Where Lightening arrestor (Franklin Rod) is located in tower ?

What is the purpose of Lightening Arrestor in the Tower ?

where do you find Aviation lamp on tower ?

What is the purpose of using LED in Aviation lamp ?

The GSM antenna mount has larger diameter & longer length comparatively the M


Odd Numbers , Deep orange & white colour bands

Even Numbers , Deep orange & white colour bands

Even Numbers , Red & white colour bands

None

At 45 meter diagonally placed

Both A & B

none of these

At the top of the tower

More durability

Economical

Both A & B

None of above

At top of the tower

Near last antenna mounts

Near aviation lamp

As per customer requirements

To protect the antennas for ligthening

To protect the tower From lightening

As customer wants to used it

All Of above



A

B

C

D

105

A

B

C

D

106

A

B

C

D

107

A

B

C

D

108

A

B

C

D

109

A

B

What is yeild strength ?

What is steel ?

What is E 250 & E 350 ?

Mild steel

High Tensile steel

Tungeston steel

Both A & B

It is alloy of iron & carbon

It is good Iron

It is the iron which get at blast furnence

None of above

250 Mpa & 350 Mpa is yeild strength of steel

E-250 is mild steel & E-350 is High Tensile steel

E-250 is High Tensile steel & E-350 is mild steel

Both A & B

E250 A

E250 B

E250 C

All Of above

E250 A

E250 B

E250 C

Both B & C

What are the various grades of MS Steel are available ?

which are the various grades of Mild steel to be used in sub zero condition ?

The maximum load which can sustain by the body without failure

The maximum load which can sustain by the body without failure when body is in



C

D

110

A

B

C

D

111

A

B

C

D

112

A

B

C

D

113

A

B

C

D

114

A

B

C

D

Which is the grade of steel used for leg member in tubular tower?

Which is the grade of steel used for mounts in tower?


All Of above

What is Ultimate strength ?

The maximum load which can sustain by the body without failure



All Of above

Yst 210

Yst 240

Yst 310

All Of above

Yst 210

Yst 240

Yst 310

All Of above

E250 A

Which is the steel to be used for chequered plates?

Yst310

E350

E165

The part having External threads

The part having internal Threads

The part having shank , head & External theading

None of above

What is a bolts ?



115

A

B

C

D

116

A

B

C

D

117

A

B

C

D

118

A

B

C

D

119

A

B

C

D

120

A

What do you mean grade 5.6 ?

What is threded length of M16 Bolts as per IS 12427 ?

None of above

500 N/sq mm Is yeild tensile Strength & 60 % 0f 500 is ultimate strength

500 N/sq cm Is ultimate tensile Strength & 60 % 0f 500 is yeild strength

500 N/sq mm Is Ultimate tensile Strength & 60 % 0f 500 is yeild strength

None of above

20 mm

29 mm

23 mm

19 mm

20 mm

What is threaded length of M12 Bolts as per IS 12427 ?

Which are grades of bolts to be used In tower ?

The part having External threads

The part having hole

What is a Nut ?

None of above

4.6

5.6

6.8

Both B & C

The life of tower will increase

The life of tower will reduce

Nothing will happen to life

What will happen if you use the Grade 4.6 bolts In tower Erection ?

The part having internal Threads



B

C

D

121

AB

C

D

122

A

B

C

D

123

A

B

C

D

124

A

B

C

D

125

A Tower having triangular cross section

BC

D

126

A

B Structure made by bending plates and welded to tubular shape

C

D

127

A Anchor washer

B Bearing washer

C Standard hexagonal nut

D All of the above

128

A

B

C Tubular section welded to a plate

D two angles connected with their heel connected by spacers

129

What is a delta tower

What is a monopole

Identify the parts of a foundation bolts and nuts

What is a star leg

Identify the parts of a base shoe

Tower having tubes as section for all membersTower made of only anlges

Tower connected by three or more struts as supporting members

Tower having tubes as section for all members

Structure having only one angle

Pole supported by guy wires

Steel section made in the form of +

Angle forms as T section

What is spring washer ?

What is the purpose of spring washer ?

29 mm

23 mm

19 mm

Ring Spanner Double Edge Spanner

What is the instrument to be used for checking tightness of Nuts ?

None of above

For absorbing the shock

For locking purpose

For providing more contact area

None of above

Socket Spanner

Torque wrenches

Turn on method

Turn off method

Turn key method

Spanner

The metal part having internal threading

The flat metal ring having hole

The rectangular cross section bend it into ring

what will used in case torque wrench is not available for checking tightness of nut ?



A Base plate

B Stub

C Stiffeners

D All of the above

130

A Tower having triangular cross section

B Tower having tube as leg members and bracing angularC Tower made of only anlges

D Tower connected by three or more struts as supporting members

131 What is guy mast

A A tower with a small cross section in the top and bigger base width

B A structure with uniform cross section and supported by guy wires

C Stucture made of tubular cross section

D Any tall structure with all tubular members interconnected

132 The washers to be used in a foundation bolts and above base plate are

A Anchor washer

B Bearing washer

C Standard hexagonal nutD All of the above

133 Identify the parts of a leg assembly of a hybrid tower

A Pipe

B

Flanges

C Rib plates

D All of the above

134 Which of the shapes are found for a foundation bolt

AStright rod with a anchor washer welded in the bottom

B

Rod bent in the shape of L

C Rod bent in the shape of J

D All of the above

* Which of these statements are correct

135

136

137 Redundants have only one bolt on both ends138 Gusset plates are the heaviest part in a tower

139

140

141

The two angles of the access ladder are called stringers and the rods welded to them

are called rungs

Torsional bracings are members connected to the plan bracings to the leg

Hybrid tower is

Two diagonal members of one panel would have at least one bolt interconnecting

All main bracings would have more than one bolt on each end

Cable track is the part that is used for clamping cables from the tower to the shelter



142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

Cable trays are fixed to the foundation

Cable tracks are also called wave guide

The access ladder has batten plates welded to two stringers

Sagety cage consists of safety cage rings connected together with two safety cage

The number of aviation lamps should be one whatever is the height of the tower

The degree of protection for the antennae by the franklin rod is 300 Degrees

spud spanner is similar to a DE spanner and used on the two edges of nut

If more than three strands of rope are damaged, the rope should be discarded.

Using double sheave pulley would reduce the load in the rope by more than half of

Tigthening of bolts should be done from top to bottom

Using a M12 bolt in place of M16 would reduce the strength by almost half

The number of threds of bolt to be exposed after tightening the nut two

A plan bracing can be viewed from the top or bottom of the tower

All the gusset plates for torsional bracing are bent

Redundants have no forces acting on them

A flange plate is a thick plate formed into a circular or rectangular shape

Ring spanner holds the nut six cornors

The washer used below the foundation bolt, main nut is bearing washer.

A nut is to be contact with a plain washer

The nut should face the center of the tower and to the ground.

If the holes do not match, enlarging the holes using gas is correct methodPiece mea met o o erection is using our erric s an erecting mem er y

member.Using a leg angle in place of derrick is wrong.

If the holes do not match, use hammer to drive the bolts into the position

Where galvanizing has got damaged in erection , the same should be repaired using

Color bands in any tower should be always odd number

Aviation lamp is fixed in the middle of the tower

Lightening rod is copper rod directly welded to the top of the tower

DE spanner is double end spanner.



171

172

173

174

175176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

AB

C

D

184

A

B

C

D

185

A

B

C

D

186

A

B

C

D

187

A

B

C

D

the torque required for a bolt of different length would be different even if the grade

and dia are same

what is a torque wrench

It is a tool used to check the allignment of the template .Tool used to check the leveles of the foundation bolts.

what is a cleat angle

what is the name of the two angles used in a ladder?

cleant angle

how many threads should project from nut after full tightening

what is the material used in the tower manufacturing

Stringers

rungs

runners

Tool used to check wether if the nut is properly tightened or not.

None

Both b & c

Angle used in Leg splice joint

Angle used in stub assembly

Angle used in joining two bracings

a nut and check nuts are same

bolt heads should be facing outside of the tower

if plugging of holes is noticed near the bolt hole to be fixed, using the part is unsafeif diganonal bracings are reversed (upside down), the bolts in the inter-connecting

a gin pole is also called derrick

derrick can have less than three guy wires

where galvanizing has got damaged in erection, the same should be repaired using

the tool to be used for checking the tightening is called torque wrench

the torque requied for a M16 - 5.6 grade is same as M16 - 6.8 grade

socket spanner holds all the six sides of a nutthe spring waser is to be fixed between the bolt head and the tower part for best

results

1 to 3

3 to 4

8 to 12

E-250

E-350

Both a & b

none

5 to10



188

A

B

C

D

189

A

B

C

D

190

A

B

C

D

192

A

B

C

D

193

A

B

C

D

194

A

B

C

D

195

A

B

C

D

196

A

B

C

both a & b

it is an horizantal member in a ladder

why is a spring washer not hot dip galvanized

what is batten plate

it is an horzontal member in a VCT

it is an horzontal member in a HCT

because its tempering effect of spring washer will lost

because to avoid corrosion.

because the thick ness of the spring washer is very less

none

what is the type of washer used below the nuts of foudation bolts

what would happen if a M12 bolts is used in place of M16

Load bearing capacity of the bolt increases double.

Load bearing capacity of the bolt decreases by half.

Spring washer

Plain washer

As Specified by customer

Bearing washer

where do you need to use a pack plate

A Square plate to which bottom most leg is fixed .

The plates connected to tubes at both ends.The plate which is provided to hold two angles in positions.

The plate Used to join two members of different thickness

Load bearing capacity of the bolt decreases to zero.

none

what is a plan bracing

what is torsional bracing and what is the other name for the same

The bracing which join leg to the center of the plan bracing & can be called as Hi

Which can take Torsional loads & can be called as redundants.

The bracing which can be seen only from top view of the tower .

The bracing which can be seen only from bottom view of the tower .

The bracing which can be seen either from top or bottom view of the tower .

none

where do we need to use a gusset plate in a tower

Gusset plates are only used in interconnection between two leg members.

Gusset plates are only used in interconnection between two bracings.

Gusset plates are used to interconnect one or more that one members.

Which can take shear stress & can be called as K bracing.

All of the above



D

197

A

B

C

D

198

A

B

C

D

199

A

B

C

D

200

A

B

C

D

201

A

B

C

D

202

A

B

C

D

203

A

B

C

D

204

A

None

which should be idial position of a nut in a bolt nut connection

what is a DE spanner

Double edged spanner

Double end spanner

facing outside the tower

facing top of the tower

facing down

facing inside the tower

what is the tool to be used for checking if the nut is tightened properly

why is grouting to be done below base plate

Theodolite

Leveling instrument

Plum bob

torque wrench

Deep edged spanner

None

what is the minimum grade of bolt to be used in the tower

what is the instrument used for testing the soil resistivity

what happens if you miss a pack washer in a bracing assembly

what is coping of tower

5.8

A side slope is provided at the bottom surface of the pedestals,to drain off theTo connect the foundation column reinforcement to existing column reinforcem

both a & b

None

To avoid the gap between concrete & base plate of the tower leg.

As it is a non shrinkable material it has the capacity to take compressive load di

Grouting will not allow the concrete to be shrink.

All the above

Nothing will happen to joint

Strength bracing assembly of will reduced

The bracing assembly become loose

None of above

4.6

5.6

6.5

Theodolite



B

C

D

205

A

BC

D

206

A

B

C

D

207

A

B

C

D

208

A

B

C

D

209

A

B

C

D

2

1

3

4

in case of non-avaiability of gin pole, can we use a leg member instead?

what is the width of the color band in a 40m tower

Yes

No

Some times may be used

Used according to our requirement.

4.45 m

5.7 m

what is the equipment on tower that gives warning to a approaching aircraft

9 m

5 m

Florocent Lamp

Fire Alarms

External Alarms

Aviation Lamp

how many nut to be used above Baseplate in stub assembly

Dumppy level

Megger

All of the above

Torque wrench

Turn On methodTurn Off method

what is the mean of tightening the nuts for the base shoe assembly

D E spanner



Answers

A self supporting structure are made up of latice structre

The structure which is made up of small members

Microwave transmission for communication, Power Transmissio

Self weight, Wind current , Sesmic load

B



wer ?

The tower which is errected on the natural ground after excavating so

the tower is erected on the existing building by raising the existing col

between the column

Advantage- These tower provide height at much lower cost. Disadavn


Guyed towers are normally guyed in three directions.

The icing is the fall of ice , this icing is trouble some for towers lifes, it

resulting in galloping. In this enviornment Tubular mast is used.

dynamic instability &



e Height ?

Advantage : it requires less steel Where as disadvantage, It has less sti

Monopole is preferable to use, when number of antennea required i

Square tower, Triangular tower, delta tower, hexagonal & polygonal T

Stiffness is the resistance of a body against deflection or deformation

These towers are used for height more than 300 meters.

eig t increses wit increases in num er o aces in cross section. e

more weight compared to squre tower.

.



ecause circular section.

urrent .

for towers ?

Advantage : half weight compare to angular , Reduced wind load beca

Higher cost , complicated connection .

The bolts having L- shape in elevation provided to transfer the uplift a


J- shape, J- shape with anchor washer and foundation bolt with ancho

Angular & tubular



adequate anchorage.

Spring washer less contact of area & because of this assembly failed

Bearing washer is used because it provides more area of cont

As the one end of founadtion bolt is embedded in concrete, so for pro

Level nut is used to maintain the equal elevation of the base plate.



More grouting material will required, will extra cost to company.

Because of less gap, it provide resistance will filling grouting material.

No, it has less thickness compared to bearing washer, it has less stren

Three nuts, they are Main nut 1 Main nut 2 Above base plate .. Wher

As both main nut equally share the load, Absence of one nut will be a



The temporpery Structure by means of which the anchor bolts or stub

.

Grouting is non shirnkageable chemical. These grouts ensure that the

This will leads to undue strain & distoration at the time of tower asse

Templates are very useful in setting stubs , the distances between the

accordance with the design .

ore which will cause the

oundation.

foundation.

n foundation.

emplate fixing as per

stubs.



The welding is done by GMAW ( Gas metal arc welding )

Stub assembly is the bottom most part of tower which uniformaly tra

to foundation through anchor bolts .

Base plate , Stub & stiffners.

A member of short length of the same cross section as bottom legs ,w

fillet thickness usually same as thickness of the stub angle.

ad of tower to the column



T e p ates genera y in square s ape, to w ic stu is we e to istri

by bearing.

dundants.

Base plates's evenness and correct dimension.

ener or ase p a e prov es exura eng a so o ncrease e

stub onto baseplate .

Panel is the component of tower which consist of legs ,diagonal , hori



D

The height of panel is based on two factors , Truncation requirement

The tower Legs.

Adequate starred angles or double starred angles are used.

tions of angle to be used



`

These section generally used in tubular towers & hybrid towers.

The compression & tension of tubular tower depends on the direction

These flanges is used for tubular leg joint ,as it provides more contact

e sti ners in t e tu u ar eg ange joint is ca e i s. e unctio

inadequate in bending .

There are two joints ,one is Butt joint & other is lap joint . In leg joint

to stiffen the flange where




The desired profile can be achieved by bending the cover plate instea

.

bolts required for that connection.

Cleat are small angular section with heel grinding, which is used insid

When the members are being joined by butt jointhave variation in th

t joint.



then we use batten plate .

.

then we use batten plate .

e p a es n er connec ng wo mem er sepera e y s ances. e

distances. If more distance is there then used batten plate .

T e atten p ate is use to connect t e two mem er w en t ey sepe

used to join the stringers of cable tray & track.

Used in single or double star connection.



A

The inclined member which connected to legs diagonally is called dia

diagonals by shear & reduce the unsupported length.

K- bracings, Cross bracing , Plan Bracings & torsional bracings.


The plan bracing is connected on the horizontal and it support the pl

The horizontal are subjected to torsional load, as well as bending due



The secondary member which are provided to reduce the unsupporte

Redundant.

Gusset plates are the plates used to inter connect the members.

For Angular towers Gusset plates will be provided to accommodate n

.

Gusset plates are required to connect secondary members to the legs

The bracing which are visible from top or the bottom of the tower is c

The bracing which is connected diagonally at the half of horizontal co

twisting of legs.

cing.



ge ?

90 degree aparts.

To maintain antennas or tower or tower appurtenances.

Minimum 300 mm.

The horizontal part of access lader is clled rung. 16 mm diameter.

These are the rings which are connected to the stringers of ladder for



This insulated clamp which is used to hold the cable to cable tray or c

The platform, which is provided with, chequered plate or welded wire

internally to enable to take rest while climbing is called Rest platfor

e p at orms w ic are provi e at t e eve w ere antennae are pr

suitable railing are called Working platforms

To support the cable wave-guide running from antenna to the equipm



Chequered plate or welded wire mesh flooring plate, bracket , Railin

The plate which is used as flooring member having holes in center to

In platfrom assembly nut should be facing down towards the ground.

The structural elements, which are provided to connect antenna to t

mounting.

water.

MW antenna mount has

e MW antenna mount has

W antenna mount has



C

C

A

A

The GSM antenna mount has smaller diameter & longer length comp


The structure above 45 in height shall be painted in alternate bands o

W antenna mount has



D

A

D

D

D

Blastic state



A

D

B

D

C

lastic state

lastic state

lastic state



C

D

B

c

c



d

d

b

C

B

a

d

d

d



d

b

b

b

d

d

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / IncorrectCorrect / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect



Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / IncorrectCorrect / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

Correct / Incorrect

correct / incorrect



correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrectcorrect / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

correct / incorrect

C

A

B

C

C



A

C

D

B

D

C

A

c

p bracing.



d

a

d

d

a

c

b

ater.ent.

ectly.



c

d

b

A

d

A



lines, FM towers , flood light stands in stadium



il & providing suitable foundation.

umns and provided with tie beam in

tage- It requires more land

causes aerodynamic instability &



iffness in torsion.

less or height of tower required is less th

ower.

Becaused of applied load.

nera y exagona structure as



use circular section. Disadvantages :

nd side thrust of tower .

r washer at bottom.



in bearing load.

ct , against the bearing load to aviod failure.

viding the adequate anchorage.



ght agaist the subjected load.

e as level nut below baseplate.

cause for reducing the life of towers.



s are set in foundation is called template

entire load should be transferred to the foundation.

bly on the stubs.

stubs ,their allignmentand slope



nsfer the load of tower & its equipment

elded to the base plate.



ute t e oa rom tower eg to Pe sta

we eng or e oa rans er rom

zontals& redundants.



& economical Design criteria.



of wind load.

area.

n o i is to sti en t e ange w ere it is

utt joint is used.



d of angle.

e the butt joint.

thickness.



spacer p a e s use w en ere s sma

rate y istances. T e atten p ate is



onal. The loads are transferred to

tform , excess ladder and Cable track.

platform.



d length of the main members is called

umber of bolts required for a connection

.

alled plan bracing.

e back to legs. These bracing avoids the



safety purpose.



ble track.

mesh along with suitable railing

.

ovi e externa y aroun t e tower wit

ent shelter.



g

rain out rain water.

e tower members, are called Antenna



ratively the MW antenna mount has

f international orange and white colours.



Existing

1

a

b

cd

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d6

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

What is a delta tower

Stiffeners

All of the above


Tower having triangular cross section

Tower made of only anlgesTower connected by three or more struts as supporting members

Angle forms as T section

Tubular section welded to a plate

two angles connected with their heel connected by spacers

Identify the parts of a base shoe

Base plate

Stub

Anchor washer

Bearing washer

Standard hexagonal nut

All of the above

What is a star leg

Steel section made in the form of +

What is a monopole


Structure made by bending plates and welded to tubular shape

Structure having only one angle

Pole supported by guy wires

Identify the parts of a foundation bolts and nuts

Identify the parts of a leg assembly of a hybrid tower

Pipe

Flanges

Hybrid tower is


Tower having tube as leg members and bracing angular

Tower made of only anlges


What is guy mast

A tower with a small cross section in the top and bigger base width

A structure with uniform cross section and supported by guy wires

Stucture made of tubular cross section

Any tall structure with all tubular members interconnected

The washers to be used in a foundation bolts and stub assembly are

Anchor washer

Bearing washer

Standard hexagonal nut

All of the above

Tower Nomenclature



c

d

10

a

b

c

d

*

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Lightening rod is copper rod directly welded to the top of the tower

Which of these statements are correct

All main bracings would have more than one bolt on each end

Two diagonal members of one panel would have at least one bolt interconnecting them

Redundants have only one bolt on both ends

The two angles of the access ladder are called stringers and the rods welded to them

are called rungs

Gusset plates are the heaviest part in a tower

Torsional bracings are members connected to the plan bracings to the leg

Color bands in any tower should be always odd number

Aviation lamp is fixed in the middle of the tower

All of the above

Cable track is the part that is used for clamping cables from the tower to the shelter

Rib plates

All of the above

Which of the shapes are found for a foundation bolt

Stright rod with a anchor washer welded in the bottom

Rod bent in the shape of L

Rod bent in the shape of J

The nut should face the center of the tower and to the ground.

If the holes do not match, enlarging the holes using gas is correct method

Piece meal method of erection is using four derricks and erecting member by member.

Using a leg angle in place of derrick is wrong.

If the holes do not match, use hammer to drive the bolts into the position

DE spanner is double end spanner.

Ring spanner holds the nut six cornors

The washer used below the foundation bolt, main nut is bearing washer.

A nut is to be contact with a plain washer

Where galvanizing has got damaged in erection , the same should be repaired using

zinc rich paint

If more than three strands of rope are damaged, the rope should be discarded.



32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

Tigthening of bolts should be done from top to bottom

Using a M12 bolt in place of M16 would reduce the strength by almost half

A plan bracing can be viewed from the top or bottom of the tower

All the gusset plates for torsional bracing are bent

Redundants have no forces acting on them

A flange plate is a thick plate formed into a circular or rectangular shape

Cable trays are fixed to the foundation

The number of threds of bolt to be exposed after tightening the nut two

Using double sheave pulley would reduce the load in the rope by more than half of

weight of part being lifted.

spud spanner is similar to a DE spanner and used on the two edges of nut

socket spanner holds all the six sides of a nut

the spring waser is to be fixed between the bolt head and the tower part for best results

a nut and check nuts are same

bolt heads should be facing outside of the tower

Cable tracks are also called wave guide

The access ladder has batten plates welded to two stringers

Sagety cage consists of safety cage rings connected together with two safety cage

runners

The number of aviation lamps should be one whatever is the height of the tower

The degree of protection for the antennae by the franklin rod is 30o

the tool to be used for checking the tightening is called torque wrench

the torque requied for a M16 - 5.6 grade is same as M16 - 6.8 grade

the torque required for a bolt of different length would be different even if the grade and

dia are same

if plugging of holes is noticed near the bolt hole to be fixed, using the part is unsafe

if diganonal bracings are reversed (upside down), the bolts in the inter-connecting place

in middle can not be fixed

a gin pole is also called derrick

derrck can have less than three guy wires

where galvanizing has got damaged in erection, the same should be repaired using Aluminium paint

what is a delta tower



a

b

c

d

60

a

b

c

d both b & c

61

a

b

c

d

62

a

b

c

d

64

a

b

c

d

66

a

b

c

d

67

ab

c

d

68

a

b

c

Spring washer

Plain washer

Square washer

cleant angle

E-350

Both a & b

none

Cable tray is in horizontal position & cable track is in vertical position.

Cable tray is in vertical position & cable track is in horizontal position.

Bearing washer

what is the material used in the tower manufacturing

what is the name of the two angles used in a ladder?

what is the difference between cable tray and cable track

Both a & b

Stringers

rungs

runners

E-250

what is a cleat angle

for foundation bolts what is the washer to be used

what does 5.6 grade bolt indicate

what is a torque wrench



Tower made of only anlges


500 indicates its ultimate tensile strength with 60 o/o of its yield strength.

500 indicates its yield strength with 60 o/o of its ultimate tensile strength.

600 indicates its ultimate tensile strength with 50 o/o of its yield strength.

It is a tool used to check the allignment of the template .

Tool used to check the leveles of the foundation bolts.

Tool used to check wether if the nut is properly tightened or not.

None

Angle used in Leg splice joint

Angle used in stub assembly

Angle used in joining two bracings

Both b & c



d

69

a

b

c

d

70

a

b

c

d

71a

b

c

d

72

a Spring washer

b Plain washer

c square washer

d

74

a

b

c

d

75

a

b

cd

76

a

b

c

d

A Square plate to which bottom most leg is fixed .

what is batten plate

because to avoid corrosion.

because the thick ness of the spring washer is very less

none

what is the type of washer used below the nuts of foudation bolts

The plate which is provided to hold two angles in positions.

The bracing which can be seen only from top view of the tower .

it is an horzontal member in a cable tray rooting

it is an horzontal member in a cable track rooting

both a & b

it is an horizantal member in a lader

Bearing washer

Load bearing capacity of the bolt increases double.

Load bearing capacity of the bolt decreases by half.

Load bearing capacity of the bolt decreases to zero.

none

because its tempering effect of spring washer will lost

how many threads should project from nut after full tightening

why is a spring washer not hot dip galvanized

none

5 to10

1 to 3

3 to 4

8 to 12

what would happen if a M12 bolts is used in place of M16

where do you need to use a pack plate

what is a plan bracing

The bracing which can be seen only from bottom view of the tower .

The bracing which can be seen either from top or bottom view of the tower .

none

The plate Used to join two members of different thickness

The plates connected to tubes at both ends.



77

a

b

c

d

78

a

b

c

d

79

a

b

cd

80

a

b

c

d

81

a Theodolite

b

c

d

82

a

b

c

d

83

a

b

c

d

Grouting will not allow the concrete to be shrink.

both a & b

None

None

torque wrench

Leveling instrument

Plum bob

To avoid the gab between concrete & base plate of the tower leg.

As it is a non shrinkable material it has the capacity to take compressive load directly.

All the above

A side slope is provided at the bottom surface of the pedestals,to drain off the water.

To connect the foundation column reinforcement to existing column reinforcement.

None

(a) facing outside the tower

(b) facing top of the tower

(c )facing down(d) facing inside the tower

Gusset plates are only used in interconnection between two leg members.

Double edged spanner

Double end spanner

Deep edged spanner

what is a DE spanner

what is the tool to be used for checking if the nut is tightened properly

what is torsional bracing and what is the other name for the same

where do we need to use a gusset plate in a tower

The bracing which jonts leg to the center of the plan bracing & can be called as Hip

bracing.

Which can take Tortional loads & can be called as redundants.

Which can take shear stress & can be called as K bracing.

All of the above

Gusset plates are used to interconnect one or more that one members.

Gusset plates are only used in interconnection between two bracings.

why is grouting to be done below base plate

what is coping of tower

which should be idial position of a nut in a bolt nut connection



85

a

b

c

d

86

a

b

c

d

87

a

bc

d

88

a

b

c

d

89

a

b

c

d

90

a

b

c

d

91

a

b

c

d

Fire Alarms

External Alarms

Aviation Lamp

Yes

No

Some times may be used

Used according to our requirement.

4.7 m

5.7 m

9 m

5 m

Florocent Lamp

5.8

Theodolite

Dumppy levelMegger

All of the above

Torque wrench

Turn On method

Turn Off method

All of the above

4.6

5.6

6.5

what is the method of tightening the nuts for the base shoe assembly in case torque wrench is

not available

what is the width of the color band in a 40m tower

what is the equipment on tower that gives warning to a approaching aircraft

what is the instrument used for testing the soil resistivity

in case of non-avaiability of gin pole, can we use a leg member instead?

what is the minimum grade of bolt to be used in the tower

what happens if you miss a pack washer in a bracing assembly



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nomenclature for tower func& erection

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