nomenclature
DESCRIPTION
Nomenclature. Naming Compounds. Binary Compounds. Compounds with only two elements in any ratio. KClNO 2 CaCl 2 P 2 O 5 Al 2 O 3 H 2 S Na 2 Oetc. Binary compounds can be either ionic or covalent. Naming Binary Compounds. Naming Ionic Compounds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NomenclatureNaming
Compounds
![Page 2: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Binary Compounds
![Page 3: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Compounds with only two elements
in any ratio
![Page 4: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
KCl NO2
CaCl2 P2O5
Al2O3 H2S
Na2O etc
![Page 5: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
•Binary compounds can be either ionic
or covalent
![Page 6: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Naming Binary
Compounds
![Page 7: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Naming Ionic
Compounds
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•Name positive element first with its normal name
•Name negative element last & change its ending to -ide
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KClCaCl2
Al2O3
Na2O
![Page 10: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Name Each:
CaCl2 CaS
K2O LiF
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Name Each:
FeCl2
FeCl3
![Page 12: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
If the Positive element is not from columns I or II
•its ox # must be determined and written in roman numerals
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Determining the Charge
1) Add up the oxidation numbers of all the negative elements
2) The positive portion must balance out the negative portion
3) Divide the positive portion by the metal subscript
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CuCl Fe2O3
MnO2 CrO3
Name Each:
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Molecule
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•A covalent compound that can exist as a separate unit
•Non-metals bond to form molecules
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Naming Molecules or
Covalent Compounds
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•Same rules as ionic compounds except:
•use geometric prefixes to determine the # of each atom
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Geometric Prefixes1-mono 5-penta2-di 6-hexa3-tri 7-hepta4-tetra etc
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CO S2O3
N2H4 SO3
Name Each:
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Nomenclature HW
•Work problems:
49 - 54
on page 51
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CaO P2O5
Al2S3 SO2
Drill: Name Each:
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Deriving Formulas1) Write the symbol for each
element
2) Determine ox #s for each
3) Determine lowest common multiple to balance the charge
4) Apply subscripts
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Write formulas for:•Sodium sulfide
•Lead (II) iodide
•Diphosphorus
pentoxide
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Write formulas for:
•Chromium(III) oxide
•Aluminum carbide
![Page 26: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Polyatomic Ion
![Page 27: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
•A group of atoms chemically
combined that together have a
charge
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•Most are oxoanions
•PO4-3 SO4
-2
•A root element bound to oxygen
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Naming Polyatomic
Ions
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•Learn the polyatomic table on page 42 & 43
•Learn how to use the periodic table to determine polyatomic ions
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•Name the root element
•Change the ending
to -ate
•PO4-3 = phosphate
•Some are unusual
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CN-1 OH-1
C2H3O2-1
C2O4-2
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H2O H3O+1
NH3 NH4+1
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Polyatomic Ion Endings
•Maximum O = -ate
•1 less than max O = -ite
•SO4-2 = sulfate
•SO3-2 = sulfite
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Naming Ternary
Compounds
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Ternary Compounds
•Compounds containing more than two different elements
•Most contain polyatomic ions
![Page 37: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
•Follow ionic rules for naming the compound
•Name the polyatomic ion as the positive or negative portion
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CaCO3
K2SO4
Name Each:
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Pb(NO3)2
MgSO3
Name Each:
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Write Formulas For:•Lead (II) nitrate
•Aluminum sulfate
•Potassium chlorate
•Ammonium phosphite
![Page 41: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Name the Following:
BaSO4 CuNO3
SO2 (NH4)3PO4
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Naming Acids
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•Binary acids become:
•Hydro _____ ic acids
•HCl - Hydrochloric acid
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•Ternary acids become:
•_____ ic acids or
•_____ ous acids
•H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid
•H2SO3 - Sulfurous acid
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•____ ic acids form from polyatomic ions ending with ___ ate
•____ ous acids form from polyatomic ions ending with ___ ite
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•___ ide ions become:
•hydro ___ ic acids
•___ ate ions become:
•___ ic acids
•___ ite ions become:
•___ ous acids
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Percent Composition
by Mass
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• Determine the atomic mass of each element in the compound
• Determine the molecular mass of the compound by adding
• Divide each elemental mass by molecular mass
• Multiply by 100 %
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MgCl2
• Mg = 24.3 g/mole• 2 Cl = 2 x 35.5 = 71.0 g/mole
• MgCl2 = total = 95.3 g/mole
• % Mg =24.3/95.3 x 100%
• % Cl = 71.0/95.3 x 100 %
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Determine % Comp for Each:
Fe2O3
C3H6O3
CuSO4*5H2O
![Page 51: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
EmpiricalFormula
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•Lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound
•C6H12O6: EF = CH2O
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Determining Empirical
formulas from percent
composition
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• Assume 100 g• Change % directly to grams• Use molar conversions to
convert grams to moles• Divide each molar amount
by the smallest molar amount
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• Substance = 30 % O & 70 & Fe
• 30 % O --> 30 g O &
• 70 % Fe --> 70 g Fe
• 30/16 = 1.875 moles O
• 70 / 56 = 1.25 moles Fe
• 1.25/1.25 = 1 & 1.875/1.25 = 1.5
• Ratio = 1.5 : 1 x 2 = 3 : 2
• Empirical Formula Fe2O3
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Find empirical for a compound with:
70.0 % Fe30.0 % O
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Find empirical for a compound with:
40 % Ca12 % C48 % O
![Page 58: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Find empirical for a compound with:
40.0 % C6.7 % H
53.3 % O
![Page 59: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
MolecularFormula
![Page 60: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
•The actual whole number for each element in the
compound
![Page 61: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Molecular FormulaC6H12O6
Empirical FormulaCH2O
![Page 62: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Solving MF from EF1) Solve empirical mass
2) Divide EM into MM
3) Multiply EF by quotient
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Name each of the following:
•KBr MgS
•BaF2 K3P
•K2O LiH
•Al2O3 H2S
![Page 64: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Name each of the following:
FeO
Fe2O3
![Page 65: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Name each of the following:
•CuO MnS
•PbO2 Cu2O
•CrCl2 MnF2
•CrCl3 SnCl4
![Page 66: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Name each of the following:
•SeO CS2
•NO2 Cl2O
•N2O4 PCl3
![Page 67: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Derive formulas for each:
•Cesium oxide
•Barium chloride
•Calcium phosphide
•Aluminum sulfide
![Page 68: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Derive formulas for each:
•Lead(IV)oxide
•Copper(II)sulfide
•Manganese(VII)oxide
•Nickel(II)fluoride
![Page 69: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Name each of the following:
•SO4-2 SO3
-2
•PO4-3
NO3-1
•ClO4-1
ClO3-1
•ClO2-1
ClO-1
![Page 70: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Derive formulas for each:
•Chromate
•Arsenate
•Arsenite
•Bromite
![Page 71: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Name each of the following:
•BaCO3
•KNO2
•CuClO3
•Al2(SO4)3
![Page 72: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Derive formulas for each:
•Potassium sulfate
•Lead(II)chromate
•Aluminum hydroxide
•Ammonium cyanide
![Page 73: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Name each of the following:
•Cl2O SO2
•N2O3 P2O5
•CO2 CO
•SO3 N2H4
![Page 74: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Derive formulas for each:
•Silicon dioxide
•phosphorus trichloride
•Sulfur hexafluoride
• Iodine trifluoride
![Page 75: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Name each of the following:
NH4Cl BaSO4
KC2H3O2 K2HPO3
KNO3 CuBrO
Li2CO3 MgC2O4
![Page 76: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Name each of the following:
HCl H2SO4
H2S H3PO3
HNO3 HBrO
H2CO3 HBrO4
![Page 77: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Derive formulas for each:
•Chromic acid
•Hydroiodic acid
•Sulfurous acid
•Bromic acid
![Page 78: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Name each of the following:
KCl MnSO4
SO2 HI(aq)
NaNO3 HClO
H2CO3(aq) NH4BrO4
![Page 79: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Name each of the following:
NaCl MnSO4
S2O3 HBr(aq)
Na2CO3 HClO
HNO3(aq) NH4IO4
![Page 80: Nomenclature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081505/5681556d550346895dc33a59/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Chapter 3 General
•Define all the Key Terms on page 74
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Nomenclature•Work problems 43 – 56
•On Pages 51 & 52