nomadic empires and eurasian integration
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Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration. Chapter 18 Review. Ch 18.1 Turkish Expansion Objectives. Understand the Turkish migrations and imperial expansion and its consequences. Turkish Economy. Nomadic herders; organized into clans with related languages - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nomadic Empires and Eurasian IntegrationChapter 18 Review
Ch 18.1 Turkish Expansion Objectives
Understand the Turkish migrations and imperial expansion and its consequences
Turkish Economy Nomadic herders; organized into clans with
related languages Turks refer to a large group of peoples
Central Asia's steppes: good for grazing, little rain, few rivers= no Complex Societies
Nomads and their animals; few settlements Nomads drove their herds in migratory cycles Lived mostly on animal products limited amounts of millet, pottery, leather goods, iron
Turkish Society Fluidity of classes in nomadic society
Two social classes: nobles and commoners Autonomous clans and tribes
Religions: shamans, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity; 10th cent Islam major
Military organization Khan ("ruler") organized vast confederation
(alliances) Outstanding cavalry forces, formidable military
power
Saljuq Turks and the Abbasid empire
Next to Abbasid, mid-8th to 10th cent Moved in; served in Abbasid armies Controlled Abbasid caliphs by 11th cent
Puppet Gov’t
Extended Turkish rule to Syria, Palestine, and more
Saljuq Turks & Byzantine empire Large # move into Anatolia, 11th cent Manzikert 1071, Defeat Byzantine army
Turning Point Byz down Turks up
Made Anatolia an Islamic society
More Turkish Expansion Remember Mahmud?
Attacks Northern India plunderer
Ghaznavid Turks dominate northern India through sultanate of Delhi
End of Ch 18.1 Explain the Turkish migrations
and their imperial expansion along with the consequences of these events
Ch 18.1 Mongol Empires Objectives
Understand the Turkish migrations and imperial expansion and its consequences
Chinggis Khan makes the Mongol empire
Chinggis Khan ("universal ruler") unified Mongol tribes through alliance and conquests
Mongol political organization Organized new military units; broke up tribal affiliations Chose high officials based on talent and loyalty Established capital at Karakorum
Strategy: horsemanship, archers, mobility, psychological warfare- scare the snot out of…
Mongol Conquest of northern China Raid Jurchen in north China in 1211 Controlled north China by 1220 South China ruled by Song dynasty
Mongol conquest of Persia 1218 CK tried to set up relations with
Khwarazm shah Saljuq leader of Persia Rejected, bad idea- CK led force to
pursue the Khwarazm Mongol destroy Persian cities & qanats CK dies 1227, foundation of empire set
Mongols after Chinggis Khan
Empire run by Ogodai - CK’s son Continued conquest Dies in 1241
Empire divided -- four regional empires
Khubilai Khan CK grandson, consolidated Mongol
rule in China Promoted Buddhism, supported Daoists,
Muslims, and Christians Khubilai extends rule to all of China
Hangzhou (Song) fell 1276, Yuan Dynasty founded in 1279 No Luck in of Vietnam, Burma, Java, and Japan
Mongol Rule in China Outlawed intermarriage between Mongols &
Chinese Chinese couldn’t learn Mongol language Foreign administrators (Uighurs) put in charge End civil service examination, downfall of
Confucian scholars Tolerated all cultural and religious traditions
in China Lamaist Buddhism (Tibetan) became popular
w/Mongols
The Golden Horde What a cool name!
Mongols overran Russia 1237 - 1241 Invaded Poland, Hungary, & e
Germany, 1241-1242 Had hegemony in Russia ‘til mid 15th cent Hegemony- control by one person/group over others
The ilkhanate of Persia Hülegü, captured Baghdad in 1258 Persians served as ministers, governors,
and local officials Mongols only cared about taxes and order Ilkhan Ghazan converted to Islam, 1295
massacres of Christians and Jews
End of Ch 18.2
Ch 18.3 xxx Objectives
Tamerlane (1336-1404) Had a limp, Timur was self-made built central Asian empire 1360s; capital in Samarkand Tamerlane's conquests
First conquered Persia and Afghanistan Next attacked the Golden Horde At the end of the fourteenth century, invaded northern India Ruled the empire through tribal leaders who relied on existing
bureaucrats to collect taxes Tamerlane's heirs struggled and divided empire into four
regions
Ottoman Empire- Founding Osman
Nomadic Turks migrated to Persia and Anatolia Osman, carves out a small state in northwest
Anatolia Claimed independence from the Saljuq sultan
in 1299
Ottoman Conquests The Balkans (SE Europe) in 1350s
Sultan Mehmed II sacks Constantinople 1453, renamed it Istanbul
Absorbed the remainder of the Byzantine empire 16th cent, extended to southwest Asia, southeast
Europe, and north Africa