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WEgl(LY CHRONOLOGY OF REPORTS CONCERNING THE BERLIN SITUATION RECEIVEI) WRING WBSX OF 10 DEC - 28 DEC

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Late Nov I for twelve montha b eginnzng in June IUCIZ tn e

Soviets intend t o plaae orders worth 16 b i l l i o n MarLO with West Berlin indu6triee i n order t o make the city increasingly dependent on trade with the WSSR. YOFQRN)

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5 mc 25XlX 1 an officer of t h 0- n i s t r y s a i d that to increase the secur i ty

of the East-Weet Berl in eector border the most elite

to guard the wall. negotiat ions were then

troop6 could be used $or thi8 duty, adding t U t Warsaw Paot troops on the eector border would consplioate the situation for the A l l i e s and eould en~brrrara them con- siderably. (S&CRET/NOPT)W/CONT' D CONTROL)

and truetrorthy would be assigned

undernay to or Czech

The &cia1 Democratic Party group of the West German Bundestag decided to meet in West Berl in on 0 January. (OUO)

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13 Dec In order t o avoid l*aisunderstanding" about the s e n t i s e n t s of Berl iners , Mayor Brandt, a t tending the WEW meeting in Paris, r a i s e d the question of a Weat Berl in referendum t o decide whether All ied forces should remain in t h e c i t y and whether ex i s t ing ties w i t h Weet Germany should be modified. A Senat o f f i c i a l later said t h a t no "warning" t o the A l l i e s had been intended a6 reported by the press, bu t rather that Braadt desired to aoeist policy "guidance" in the r i g h t d i rec t ion and t o provide a convincing de= monstration of the f ee l ings of Berliners. (OW)

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14 Dec West German Bundestag President Oeretennrler arrived in Berl in for a v i s i t of several days. that he would l i k e to hold two Bundeatag eoarrions in Berl in in 1062 this year but that the Berl in population would understand If he did not to do slnue It could be dieedvantageou~ for Germany and the c i ty .

He declared

(OW)

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17 Dec

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In an interview w i t h I zves t i a Eaet German ac t ing pre- mier W i l l i Stoph emphas +' z;e e al leged desire of "a11 peace-loving Germans" for a peace t r e a t y , although he did not refer t o any deadline. He deolared, f u r t h e r , tha t t h e GDR believed that "there should be an agree- ment on t he peaceful so lu t ion of t h e West B e r l i n question without delay," and reiterated that use of t r a f f i c routes to and from West B e r l i n would requi re negotiations w i t h the GDR. (OW)

The US element a t Marienfelde processed 12 refugees, (CONF)

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18 Dec The US element a t Marienfelde proceeeed 55 refugees- 32 of whom claimed to have f l ed after 13 Auguet. (CONF)

Soviet b b a e s a d o r Sairnov t o ld a Bonn preee conference that the USSR would not diacuea propoeala for an A l l - Be r l in se t t l emen t , tha t the "free city1* o f Weet B e r l i n could be garr isoned by Western troops-though not on the baeie of ocoupatlon rights-and maintain non-poll- t i ca l t ies to V e e t Germany which would have t o recall a l l of its o f f i o e s from Berlin. Slnlrnov a r id that f u r t h e r Soviet u n i l a t e r a l actloas would "depend on the a t t i t u d e of the West Ber l in a u t h o r i t i e o --- v i s a v i s the GDR. I f , for ins tance , elmilar ac t iono are re= peated on t he s e c t o r l i n e as occurred in Wtober, when American and B r i t i o h tank8 attempted to break through the wal l , then it may not be expected that the Eastern side would avoid tak ing extra steps." (On01

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19 Dec CINCWSAREUR reported t h a t approximately 35 o t e e l I- beams, extending 5 feet above t he surface, had been sunk v e r t i c a l l y i n t o the center o t r l p of the Autobrha f o r a dletance of 50 yard# east of t he Soviet check- point a t Helmstedt. (COW)

The US element a t Marienfelde processed 32 refugeee- all of whom claimed t o have fled a f t e r 13 August. (COW)

The US duty t r a i n from Bremerhaven waited a t Marlen- born for 56 minutee for an East German ewlne. (CONF)

East and West German r a i l r o a d au tho r i t i e s , meeting i n E a s t B e r l i n , agreed t o operate ex t r a holiday trains between the Federal Republic and Weat Berlin. (UWCL)

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20 Dec Exteneive a i r reconnais8ance of t h e r a i l complexes around Ber l in revealed no m i l i t a r y traffic on the l i n e s leading i n t o East Ber l in , thufa negating re- porta that a large n d e r of freight cars were t o be diepatched from Baat B e r l i n to W f u r t and then r e t u r n on or about 20 December. ( S B c 1 R E T / N O ~ ~ )

In an ed i tor ia l c a l l i n g for speedy East-West negotia- tions, Neues Deutschland eaid that a peace t r e a t y would give th;e'i-ObR control of B e r l i n accesa. land , water or in the air, be able to be used only on 42 e basis of agreements w i t h the Government of the German Democratic Re- public." (UNCL)

The West German newspapers Bonner Eludachau and EUlein Nec kar Z e l tun reported t h a t "eas te rn dlpimats- B e r l i n 'lieare that if US convoy movements along the Autobahn continued the GDR would l l i n the immediate fu ture" begin h a l t i n g a l l c i v i l i a n Autobahn t raff ic f o r the per iod of the convoy's transit.

Neues Deutschland eaid that i f the West Ber l in Senat were "reasonable"' It would be possible to arrange for t r a v e l t o the GDR by opening GDB "travel bureaus" in West B e r l i n and reuni fy ing famillee by r e tu rn ing "young people separated from t h e i r families home t o the GDR." "If t h e West Ber l in Senat i t a r e a l l y concerned w i t h these matters and not w i t h NAIY)'s psychologioal warfare, i t a r ep resen ta t ives could approach t h e GDR Government r i g h t away....Brandtqs Senat is not concerned w i t h human beings and humanity, but only w i t h an incitement campaign a g a i n s t t he first German peace state and w i t h making a mockery of the West Ber l in population.. . ." (UNCL)

"Whether on z e access r o u t e 9 will

( O W )

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20 Dec Can't

The morning US duty t ra in from Frankfurt was delayed for more than an hour waiting the ar- r i v a l of an East German locomotive, which then broke down i n the Potsdam s t a t i a o . Two hours elapsed before another eng1ne;whiah had pulled the outgoing B r i t i s h t ra in to Potsdam, was avai lable . (CONFIDENTIAL)

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21 Dec E a s t B e r l i n police banned f i reworks of any kind wi th in 100 yards of t h e sector border and outlawed t h e use of aerial rouketa i n t he Ber l in area. They a l s o forbade l a r g e holiday parties without expressed permission 09 t h e E a s t Be r l in police chief. (UNCL)

The West Ber l in Senat elected Heinrich Albertz to succeed t h e l a t e Joachim Llpachitz as Senator for t h e Interior-West Be r l in ' s chief police official . ( U N W

The US POLAD, enroute t o Karlahorst for a prearranged meeting w i t h t he Soviet POLAD, w a s stopped a t filed- richstrasse by VOmS who demanded i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . The VOPOS told the American diplomat that they had not been informed of h i s coming by the Soviets. The POLAD re- turned t o West B e r l i n . Karlshorst by phone. hka t o meet Colonel Solovyev the following morning. (CONF)

East German cons t ruc t ion crew8 completed four more observat ion towers along t h e West Berlin-aonal border. There now are 90 such towers-only a few of them a t t h e sector border. (CONF)

The US Commandant p ro te s t ed t o An appointment wa8 requested f o r

VOPOS ta i led a USCOB p a t r o l in East Ber l in for an hour an a half, t he first such inc iden t s i n c e 1 2 December. There was no at tempt a t harassment, however; a t t he8 the VOPOS e tsyed as far as 200 yards from t h e pa t ro l . ( CONF)

USCOB reported that the East Germans were speeding up t h e cons t ruc t ion of watch towers along t h e aector and zonal borders. 71 were under cons t ruc t ion or had been completed along the zonal border , while 15 more were on t h e sector border. (CDNF/NOPORN)

ADN denounced a r io t c o n t r o l exerciee, t o be s t aged by USCOB the next day as a "large-scale war exercise di- r e c t l y before Chriotmao c a t i o n a g a i n s t fo rces se t t l emen t . v1 ( UNCL)

ioh7 cons t i t u t e6 a provo- peaceful west Ber l in

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21 Dec Mayor Brandt laet with Hans Martin Helbrioht, t he Con' t Superintendent General of t he Evangelical Lutheran

Church in West Berlin, to discuss the poaeibility of t he Church's ac t ing as an intermediary In arranging sector border passes. The Lutheran press off ioe in Weat Berl in reported th8t Brandt had agreed t o "go to any length" to obtain permits f o r Weat Berl iners t o v h i t cloee r e l a t i v e s in East Berl in and E a s t Germany during the period 24 Deoenber-6 January. The Brandt- Helbricht meeting followed by several day0 an uno aucceaaful demarche by the Evangelical Superintendent of East Berlin to GDR author i t ies . (UNCL)

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22 Deo East Berl in 's doneetie s e r v i c e announced that "oom- petent author i t i e s arg ready, in the interest of

up reaidence in the GDR to a l l former Ow1 c i t i s e n o nho AOW reside in W e s t Germany or West Berlin, GDR Government rill provide apartments and Jobs...,"

A Soviet 24th T U IG28 dispeneed a nev type of chaff-- microchaff--during an ZQI exerciee in the oouthern rir corridor into Berlin, (SECRET)

the reunion of fami r ies, t o grant permission to take

The

(UNCL)

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23 Dec West Ber l in Mayor Brandt ordered a *'news blackout" on refugees and escapes acroos the sector border, (UNCI,][

The US Commandant, General Watson, enroute t o a pre- arranged meeting with Colonel Solovyev a t Karlahorst, turned back a t Fr iedr iohs t raese a t 1100 hour6 when VOPOe demanded that h i s c i v i l i a n aides present ident i - f i c a t i o n , Watson protested the inc ident in writ ing to Solovyev, terming It a "deliberate af f ront" and vlan inexcusable ac t ion which makes contac ts between us d i f f i c u l t to continue.v1 He demanded that Solovyev "take cor rec t ive aotlon.,.You must know tha t , in view of the recent stopping of my #)UD and now nryself, you are f u l l y responsible for making it impossible for you or m e and your #)LADS t o v i s i t each other.'1 US Ambassador in Bonn protes ted the incldent--"rn un- precedented act of bad faith-cto Soviet Ambassador Pervukhin in East Berlin. (Lm)

The

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24 Dec The number of East German police along the oector border increased sharply; USOOB estimated that 100 extra guards were stat ioned along the US Seutor border, with 75 additional guards posted along the Brlt lsh Sector border. Soviet vehloular patrola in West Berlin were inareased. IS pateole entered West Berl in on 23 and again on 114 Deoember. night on Christmas Eve and noon on Christmas. ( O I F )

12 patrol8 entered Weet Berlin between mid-

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25 Dec Commenting on t h e Kennedy-Maanillan m e e t i n g In Bermuda, E a s t B e r l i n ' s domeetic s e r v i c e said t h e Weetern leaders *ldieappolnted the desire of their peoples for peaoe and de ten te i n the ~orld. . . .~ ' who e t i l l b e l i e v e they can ignore realities obviouoly in t end to cont inue w i t h their t a c t l o s of delay in t h e peaaefu l e o l u t i o n of the German problem and the West B e r l i n queation...The r e s u l t which Maamlllan took back t o London i n h i s baggage w a a rece ived in England w i t h skept ic lam and r e g r e t , f o r on t h e Thanes R l 6 0 people had hoped that the United States and Great B r i t a i n would decide on a more reasonable pol icy , above a l l on the German question." (UNCI,)

Those circles in Washington

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26 Dec REWTER's reported Prom E a s t Berlin that Ambassador Dowlingvs protest of 23 December to Soviet Ambaesador Pervukhin had been referred to Mosooa and quoted "in- formed Soviet sourceW to the effect that It was "just poeeibletl that the Soviet reply would take the form of a counter-protest from the Foreign Minietry In Moecoa. (UNCL)

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14 Dec The US Waesy i n London learned from Hendereon of the Foreign Office that on the eve of h i s meeting with the Preeident the Prime Minister had received a letter de- voted to the problem of Berl in from Khrushohev. The letter re i terated the Soviet porrition and contained no new elements, (SECRET S/S SUO)

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18 Dec The West German &Pbaseador in Yoscow told hie US 8nd B r i t i s h colleagues that Soviet Ambmoador Snlrnov told Chanuellor Adenauer in Deaember that t h e Sovieto were not seeking any "great ohange" i n the s t a t u s o f Ber l in but tha t t h e ocoupation o t a t u t e would have t o "die8ppar." Siniraov reportedly said t ha t t h e U88B prefer red a ne- gotiatbd se t t lement which would help not only in die- armament negotlrtlona but also in dealing w i t h the All-German queotion, and that Ber l in access would have to be arranged w i t h the East GO-M i n accordance with the usages of international l a w . (SECRET S/S BUO)

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