http://vesmir.msu.cas.cz/Madagaskar/images/vystava1999/35.jpg

1

http://www.japan-net.ne.jp/~nanryo/sizen-hp/musi/2tonosama.html 2

3

THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE

•New properties emerge at successive levels of biological hierarchy.

– The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function.

– Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.

• Life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information. (esp. meiosis and meiotic life cycles)

•Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter.

•From ecosystems to molecules, interactions are important to biological systems.

– Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.

– Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment.

•Evolution – biology’s core theme – accounts for the unity and diversity of life.

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN BIOLOGY

•In studying nature, scientists make observations and then form and test hypotheses.

– Science uses many technologies for specific goals of inquiry. (esp. karyotype analysis)

•Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints.

4

5

Fig. 13.5

6

Next slide …

Fig. 13.3

7

Fig. 13.3

8Not from our text.

9Not from our text.

Interphase

10

Fig. 13.7

Interphase

11

Fig. 13.7

Interphase

12

Fig. 13.7

13

Fig. 13.4

14

Next slide …Fig. 13.8

15

Fig. 13.8

16

Fig. 13.8

17

Fig. 13.10

Genetic recombination in sexually reproducing eukaryotes

results from:

• Crossing over (during prophase I)

• Independent assortment (during anaphase I)

• Random fertilization (of the sperm and the

egg)

18

19

Crossing over (Prophase I)

Fig. 13.12

20

Fig. 13.9

Crossing over (Prophase I)

21

Independent assortment (Anaphase I)

22Fig. 13.11

http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/exhibitions/lifecycle/images/1-2-2-3-1-0-0-0-0-0-0.jpg

Random fertilization

23

24

Fig. 13.5

Gametic meiosis Sporic meiosis Zygotic meiosis

25

Next slide … Fig. 13.6

Gametic meiosis 26

Fig. 13.5

Fig. 13.6

Sporic meiosis

27

Fig. 13.6

Zygotic meiosis

28

Fig. 13.6

http://www.mykoweb.com/photos/vacation/Coprinus(mgw-01-Sc).jpg

29

cap

stalk

http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/biology/plant_bio/lab13.FUNGI.html 30

“gill”

http://www.odu.edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.nsf/0/f22bf45fe9c0a90485256ab600003266?OpenDocument 31

“gill”

basidium

basidiospore

http://www.mycolog.com/chapter5a.htm 32

basidiospore

basidium

sterigma

http://www.mycolog.com/chapter5a.htm33

Gametic meiosis Sporic meiosis Zygotic meiosis

34Fig. 13.6

THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE

•New properties emerge at successive levels of biological hierarchy.

– The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function.

– Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.

• Life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information. (esp. meiosis and meiotic life cycles)

•Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter.

•From ecosystems to molecules, interactions are important to biological systems.

– Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.

– Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment.

•Evolution – biology’s core theme – accounts for the unity and diversity of life.

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN BIOLOGY

•In studying nature, scientists make observations and then form and test hypotheses.

– Science uses many technologies for specific goals of inquiry. (esp. karyotype analysis)

•Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints.

35