no. participants place date978-981-13-7976... · 2019-06-18 · (arf) asean declaration on south...

247© The Author(s) 2019S. D. Mohamed Pero, Leadership in Regional Community-Building, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7976-5

No. Participants Place Date

P1 Professor Carolina HernandezChairman and FounderInstitute of Strategic and Development Studies

Institute of Strategic and Development Studies, Manila

15/06/2011

P2 Julio Amador IIIResearch Specialist/OfficialASEAN and Southeast Asia Desk, Foreign Service Institute, Philippines

Restaurant, Manila 15/06/2011

P3 General Jose T. AlmonteFormer Philippines National Security Advisor and Director-General of the National Security Council

Participant’s Office, Manila

15/06/2011

P4 Professor Dr. Solidum EstradaProminent Scholar in ASEAN

Participant’s Place, Manila 16/06/2011

P5 Tan Sri Hamid AlbarFormer Foreign Affairs Minister of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur

SPAD, Kuala Lumpur 20/06/2011

P6 Dato’ Dr. Mahani Zainal AbidinFormer Chief ExecutiveInstitute of Strategic and International Studies of Malaysia (ISIS), Kuala Lumpur

ISIS, Kuala Lumpur 01/07/2011

Appendix A: List of ReseARch pARticipAnts

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7976-5

248 APPENDIx A: LIST OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS


P7 Ambassador Barry DeskerDean,S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore

S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU Singapore

14/07/2011

P8 Associate Professor Ralf EmmersS. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technology Singapore

S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU Singapore

14/07/2011

P9 Dr. Yeo Lay HweeDirector,European Union Centre in Singapore

European Union Centre in Singapore, Singapore

14/07/2011

P10 Dr. Reuben WongAcademics,National University of Singapore

NUS, Singapore 14/07/2011

P11 Ong Keng YongFormer Secretary-General of ASEAN

Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore

15/07/2011

P12 Andreas HarsonoHuman Rights ActivistAsian Division (Indonesia)

Jakarta, Indonesia 21/07/2011

P13 Rizky AmeliaASEAN Secretariat OfficialTechnical Officer of Infrastructure Division

ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, Indonesia

19/07/2011

P14 Tun Musa HitamFormer Foreign Minister and Deputy Foreign Minister of Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 10/08/2011

P15 Tun Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister of Malaysia

KLCC, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

16/08/2011

P16 Dr. Abu Bakar Eby HaraAcademicsUniversity Utara Malaysia

Kedah, Malaysia 01/02/2012

P17 Dr. Benny Teh Cheng GuanAcademicsUniversity Sains Malaysia

Penang, Malaysia 02/02/2012

P18 Professor Kamarulzaman AskandarCoordinator Southeast Asian Conflict Studies NetworkResearch and Education for Peace, USM

Penang, Malaysia 02/02/2012

P19 Teo Ai HwaFormer Assistant Special Officer to Abdullah Ahmad Badawi


P20 Ong Keng YongFormer Secretary-General of ASEAN

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 14/03/2014

249 APPENDIx A: LIST OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS


P21 Dr. Abu Bakar Aby HaraAcademicsUniversiti Utara Malaysia


P22 Associate Professor Dr. Shafie AnwarAcademicsUniversiti Utara Malaysia


P23 Associate Professor Dr. Ralf EmmersAcademicsS. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore

Skype interview 09/09/2015

P24 EU Official Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 04/03/2016


Year/Summit meetings

The chair and host country

Main agendas and initiatives

1st ASEAN Summit(24 Feb 1976)

Suharto,Indonesia

Declaration of ASEAN Concord: Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in Southeast Asia envisioning maintenance of peace, amity, and cooperation in Southeast AsiaThe establishment of High Council to settle disputes through regional processes

2nd ASEAN Summit(4−5 Aug 1977)

Tun Abdul Razak,Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur Declaration of Zone of Peace, Freedom, and Neutrality (ZOPFAN)The Signing of ASEAN Preferential Trading Agreement

3rd ASEAN Summit(14−15 Dec 1987)

Corazon C. Aquino,Philippines

Protocol Amending Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia opening accession to non-SEA countriesThe establishment of a Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapons−Free ZoneVisit ASEAN Year (1988−1992) Program to encourage intra and inter-ASEAN travel

Appendix B: the chAiRmAnship of the AseAn summit And AseAn’s RegionAL community-BuiLding mAin AgendAs And initiAtives 1976−2015

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7976-5

252 APPENDIx B: THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE ASEAN SUMMIT AND ASEAN’S…




4th ASEAN Summit(27−29 Jan 1992)

Goh Chok Tong,Singapore

Singapore Declaration of 1992 on Framework Agreement on Enhancing ASEAN Economic Cooperation towards higher plan of political and economic cooperation to secure regional peace and prosperityAgreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariffs (CEPT) Scheme for the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) requiring members to apply tariff rate of 0−5% to trade of goods within ASEANThe establishment of consultative relationship with interested non-Dialogue partner countriesRestructuring of ASEAN Institutions: ASEAN Heads of Government shall meet formally every three years with informal meetings in between; ASEAN secretariat shall be streamlined and strengthened with more resources; the Secretary-General of the ASEAN Secretariat shall be redesigned as the Secretary-General of ASEAN with an enlarged mandate to initiate, advise, coordinate, and implement ASEAN activitiesThe establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)ASEAN Declaration on South China Sea of 1992

5th ASEAN Summit(14−15 Dec 1995)

Banharn Silp-Archa,Thailand

Bangkok Summit Declaration reiterating ASEAN Vision of greater economic integrationASEAN Framework Agreement on Intellectual Property Cooperation BangkokTreaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapons-Free Zone for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament establishing ASEAN as a nuclear weapons−free zone

The First Informal Summit,(30 Nov 1996)

Suharto,Indonesia

The reaffirmation of the commitment to the speedy realisation of an ASEAN comprising all ten Southeast Asian countriesThe development of the ASEAN Vision 2020The establishment of the ASEAN Foundation

The 2nd Informal Summit,(15 Dec 1997)

Mahathir Mohamad,Malaysia

The Adoption of ASEAN Vision 2020Realisation of ASEAN TenThe establishment of ASEAN Foundation to develop fellowship and exchange programmes in the framework of human resources developmentASEAN MEKONG Basin Development Cooperation (AMBDC)





6th ASEAN Summit,(15−16 Dec 1998)

Phan Van Khai,Vietnam

Ha Noi Declaration, Plan of Action and Statement of Bold Measures to reiterate commitment to greater integration, encouraging wider use of ASEAN currencies in intra- ASEAN trade settlements and accelerating implementation of AFTA, ASEAN Industrial Cooperation Scheme (AICO) and launching ASEAN Investment Area (AIA) to enhance attractiveness of the region as an investment destination

The 3rd Informal Summit,(27−28 Nov 1999)

Joseph Estrada,Philippines

The Proposal for ASEAN Troika for ASEAN to address issues affecting peace and stability of the region effectively

The 4th ASEAN Informal Summit(22−25 Nov 2000)

Goh Chok Tong,Singapore

Initiative for ASEAN Integration to narrow the divide within ASEAN and enhance ASEAN’s competitiveness as a regionThe adoption of e-ASEAN Framework Agreement promotion cooperation through ICT in ASEANThe endorsement of a Report Card as a permanent checklist to assess progress of each ASEAN member stateYouth Exchange Programme as part of the educational development programmer for ASEAN integration efforts, student and youth exchange programmes at both secondary school and youth levels

7th ASEAN Summit,(5−6 Nov 2001)

Hassanal Bolkiah,Brunei

The 7th ASEAN Summit Declaration on HIV/AIDSASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism 2001

8th ASEAN Summit(4−5 Nov 2002)

Hun Sen,Cambodia

Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China SeaASEAN Tourism Agreement, which aims at making ASEAN a single tourist destinationCollaboration with the Greater Mekong Subregion programme to accelerate ASEAN integration

9th ASEAN Summit,(7−8 Oct 2003)

Megawati Sukarnoputri,Indonesia

The Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali Concord II) adopting framework to establish ASEAN Community comprised of three pillars: Political Security, Economic Community, and Sociocultural CommunityDeepening of East Asia Cooperation






Laos Vientiane Action Program (VAP) 2004−2010: the Adoption of the ASEAN Security Community Plan of Action and the ASEAN Sociocultural Community Plan of Action to implement the Declaration of ASEAN Concord II to realise the establishment of the ASEAN CommunityStrengthening Cooperation with Dialogue Partners

11th ASEAN Summit,(12 Dec 2005)

Abdullah Ahmad Badawi,Malaysia

The signing of the Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the Establishment of the ASEAN CharterThe establishment of the Eminent Person Group (EPG) with a mandate to examine and provide practical recommendations on the directions for ASEAN and nature of the ASEAN CharterThe establishment of a High- Level Task Force to carry out the drafting of the ASEAN Charter based on the Declaration and the recommendations of the EPG

12th ASEAN Summit,(9−15 Jan 2007)

Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo,Philippines

Cebu Declaration on the Acceleration of the Establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015 by articulating community blueprints along with Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) Strategic Framework and IAI Work Plan Phase II (2009−2015), from Roadmap and ASEAN Community 2009−2015ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of Right of Migrant Workers


Lee Hsien Loong,Singapore

The ratification of the ASEAN CharterStrengthening the ASEAN Secretariat

14th ASEAN Summit,(26 Feb–1 March 2009)

Abhisit Vejjajiva,Thailand

ASEAN Charter establishing legal and institutional framework for the ASEANMillennium Development Goals and Narrowing the Development GapSmall and Medium Enterprise (SME)


Abhisit Vejjajiva,Thailand

The inauguration of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)People-to-People integrated communityThe reinforcement of human security for all

16th ASEAN Summit,(8−9 Apr 2010)

Nguyen Tan Dung,Vietnam

Reaffirmation of strong commitment to speed up the implementation of the ASEAN Charter and ASEAN Community roadmapASEAN Connectivity—to complete the missing air, sea, and land transportation links in Mekong and other subregions of ASEAN






Nguyen Tan Dung,Vietnam

Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity is a strategic document for achieving overall ASEAN Connectivity and a plan of action for immediate implementation for the period 2011−2015 to connect ASEAN through enhanced physical infrastructure development (physical connectivity), effective institutions, mechanisms, and processes (institutional connectivity) and empowered people (people-to-people connectivity)

18th ASEAN Summit,(7−8 May 2011)

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,Indonesia

ASEAN Leaders’ Joint Statement on the ASEAN Community in a Global Community of NationsASEAN Leaders’ Joint Statement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Institute for Peace and ReconciliationASEAN Leaders’ Joint Statement in Enhancing Cooperation against Trafficking in Persons in Southeast Asia


Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,Indonesia

Bali Declaration on ASEAN Community in a Global Community of Nations (Bali Concord III), which calls for coordinated, cohesive, and coherent comment positions of ASEAN in engagement with global community

20th ASEAN Summit,(3−4 Apr 2012)

Hun Sen,Cambodia

ASEAN Leaders’ Declaration on Drug-Free ASEAN 2015, which highlighted the goal and visions of a drug-free ASEANASEAN Concept Paper on Global Movement of Moderates (GMM)—an approach on how to address extremism, which calls on the voices of moderation to drown the voices of extremism. It embraces “moderation” as an important ASEAN ideal, which comes with a high degree of tolerance, trust, and mutual understanding.


Hun Sen,Cambodia

ASEAN Agreement on the Movement of Natural Persons

22th ASEAN Summit(24–25 April 2013)


Peoples participation and engagement with ASEAN community-building efforts: ‘Our People, Our Future Together’







Promotion of ASEAN project to the ASEAN citizens: ASEAN goes local: Contributing to ASEAN Community 2015ASEAN Sociocultural Economy: Youth, Woman and Children Development

24th ASEAN Summit(10–11 May 2014)

U Thein SeinMyanmar

Strengthening the foundation of the ASEAN Unity towards 2015 ASEAN Community: ‘Moving Forward in Unity to a Peaceful and Prosperity Community

25th ASEAN Summit(11 13 Nov 2014)

U Thein SeinMyanmar

The development of ASEAN Community’s Post-2015 VisionThe launching of ASEAN Communication Master Plan

26th ASEAN Summit(26–28 April 2015)

Najib RazakKuala Lumpur & Langkawi

People-Centred ASEAN: ‘Our People, Our Community, Our Vision’ • Kuala Lumpur Declaration on People-Centred ASEAN • Langkawi Declaration of Global Movement and Moderates

27th ASEAN Summit(18–22 Nov 2015)

Najib RazakKuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the Establishment of the ASEAN CommunityKuala Lumpur Declaration on ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead togetherKuala Lumpur Higher Declaration on Higher Education

Source: Researcher’s own compilation


Issue—areas of cooperation

Modes of cooperation Committees involved

Poverty Eradication

Hanoi Plan of Action ASEAN Plan of Action in Rural and Development of Poverty Eradication

Social Development

ASEAN Declaration on Mutual Assistance on Natural Disasters (Manila, 26 June 1976)

ASEAN Experts Group on Disaster Management (AEGDM)

Declaration of Principles of Strengthening ASEAN Collaboration on Youth (Bangkok, 24 June 1983)

ASEAN Sub-Committee on Youth (ASY)

Various ASEAN communiqués of ASEAN Labour Ministers

ASEAN Committee on Labour Affairs (ASCLA)

The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (1988)

ASEAN Sub-Committee in Women

ASEAN Development Education Project (1979)

ASEAN Sub-Committee on Education (ASCOE)

Appendix c: issues—AReAs of coopeRAtion in two decAdes of AseAn

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7976-5

258 APPENDIx C: ISSUES—AREAS OF COOPERATION IN TWO DECADES OF ASEAN

Issue—areas of cooperation

Modes of cooperation Committees involved

Science and Technology

Plan of Action for Science and Technology (1983)

ASEAN Committee on Science and Technology (COST)ASEAN Science and Technology Information Network (ASTNET)Sub-Committee on Food and Science and Technology (SCFT)Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics (SCMG)Sub-Committee on Microelectronics and Information TechnologySub-Committee on Materials Science and TechnologySub-Committee on BiotechnologySub-Committee on Marine ScienceSub-Committee on Science and Technology Infrastructure and Resource Development

Environment ASEAN Sub-Regional Environment Programme (1977)

ASEAN Experts Group on in the Environment (AEGE)ASEAN Working Group on Transboundary Pollution (AWGTP)

Drugs and Narcotic Controls

Declaration of Principles to Combat Drug Abuse (1976)

ASEAN Legal Experts on Narcotics

ASEAN Plan of Action on Drug Abuse Control


Index

AAachen Treaty, 133Abdul Razak, 118Abilities, 45Acceptance, 21Adenauer, Konrad, 48Administrative architecture, 131Administrative capacity, 20Agenda-settings, 40Agreements, 11‘Aja’: ‘aja kagetan, aja gumunan, aja

dumeh,’ 69Alatas, Ali, 120Albar, Syed Hamid, 82Algiers, 75Alliance, 136Allied Maritime Transport Committee

(AMTC), 75Almonte, Jose T., 82Alon-alon waton kelakon, 72Amador III, Julio, 50American, 85American peace, 85Anand Panyarachun, 125Arbitrarily, 71

Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal, 49ASEAN Agreement on Disaster

Management and Emergency Response (AADMER), 91

ASEAN Charter, 1ASEAN Declaration of 1967, 32ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting

Plus (ADMM-Plus), 194ASEAN Economic Community

(AEC), 35ASEAN Foreign Ministerial Meeting, 22ASEAN High-Level Task Force

(HLTF), 96ASEAN-led mechanism, 90ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (AMM),

86ASEAN Pathfinder Project, 195ASEAN Political-Security Community

(APSC), 35ASEAN Regional Programme on

Disaster Management, 91ASEAN Secretariat, 16ASEAN Security Community, 156ASEAN Social-Cultural Community

(ASCC), 35

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7976-5

260 INDEX

ASEAN Summit, 22ASEAN Ten, 80ASEAN Way, 11Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), 123Asian, 12Asian-African Conference, 68Asian Financial Crisis (AFC), 52Asian regionalism, 38Asian Values, 82Asia-Pacific regionalism, 114Assertive, 200Association of Southeast Asia (ASA),

72–73Association of Southeast Asian Nations

(ASEAN), 1Athens, 200Austerity, 165Austria, 93Authoritarian, 48Authority, 7Autonomous, 9Axial coding, 17

BBadawi, Abdullah, 190Bangkok, 70Banque de France, 97Barroso, Jose Manuel, 1Behaviours, 7Belgium, 79Benefits, 41Benelux countries, 79Berlin, 169Bidault, Georges, 87Blocking capacity, 52Borneo, 70British/Britain, 14, 75Budget, 140

issue, 23surplus, 130

Bureaucrats, 9

CCabinets, 131Cambodia, 14Capable, 7Capacity, 8Capacity-building, 189The capacity of individual leaders, 10Case study, 13Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 97Chaidir Anwar Sani, 117Chairmanship, 22Chair of the ASEAN Summit, 42Champs Elysee, 129Characteristics, 6Charismatic, 68China, 193Christian Democratic Union (CDU/

CDS), 163Civil servants, 112Coalition-builder, 140Coalition leaders, 116Coalition leadership, 116Coalition of big powers, 115Cockfield, Lord, 98Cocktail party, 120Code of Conduct (COC), 127Coerce, 152Coercion, 40Cohesion, 119Collective goals, 7Commission President, 88Commitment, 38Common Agricultural Policy (CAP),

34Common goal, 7Common market, 77Common objectives, 8Common Security and Defence Policy

(CSDP), 166Communist, 70Comparative regional integration, 224Comparative studies, 11

261 INDEX

Compromises, 8by proxy, 173

Conciliatory policy, 168Concours, 131Confidence-building, 94Confrontation, 68Consensus, 5Constraints, 38Constructive leadership, 86Constructivism, 9Consultation, 72Contracts, 11Core group of states, 166Corruption, 120Costs and benefits, 36Council of Ministers, 51Council of the European Union, 17Council’s Economic and Finance

Ministers (ECOFIN), 173Courage, 40Court of Justice, 76Cultural cooperation, 32Culture, 20Cyclone Nargis, 91

DDaimler Chrysler Aerospace (DASA),

166Data collected, 10de Gaulle, Charles, 35Deauville, 173The December 1985 Luxembourg

European Council meeting, 23Decision-making processes, 42, 98Decisions, 7, 14Declaration on the Conduct of Parties

in South China Sea, 86–87Dedication, 38de facto, 46De jure, 70Delors, Jacques, 89

Demand-side, 151Democracy, 11Democratisation, 121Denmark, 85Deputy prime minister, 16Differences, 11Diplomatic channels, 198Divergence of interests, 127Divergences, 32Dixon, Joly, 98Documentary/document analysis, 10,

14Dominant, 136Dominate, 71Drive, 36Drivers, 20The driver-seat, 241Dublin, 199Dumas, Ronald, 201Dutch, 120Dyadic core, 163

EEastern Dimension, 167Economic advantage, 20Economic cooperation, 35Economic depression, 48Economic dwarf, 130Effective, 40Elite, 15

bargaining, 30interviews, 14

Emilio-Colombo, 203Eminent Persons Group (EPG), 16Emmers, Ralf, 51Endogenous, 5Engagement, 198Enthusiasm, 201Establishment, 13EU institutions, 17Eurobonds, 173

262 INDEX

European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS), 166

European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), 34

European Central Bank, 94European Coal and Steel Community

(ECSC), 32European Commission, 1European Community, 14European Council, 22

Brussels, 206–211European Council summit at

Fontainebleau, 200European Economic and Social

Committee, 17European Economic Community

(EEC), 34European entity, 77European Financial Stability Facility

(EFSF), 135European integration, 35European Monetary Union (EMU),

89European Parliament, 17European Stability Mechanism, 136European Union (EU), 1European Union Budget

Commissioner, 130Euro Summit, 135Eurozone, 11, 135EU studies, 38Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ),

192Executive office, 42Exogenous, 5

FFederalism, 9Federalists, 30Federal union, 31Federation of Malaysia, 68

Final Act of the Paris International Conference on Cambodia, 119

Financial and monetary union, 97Finland, 93First among equals, 41Followers, 8Followership, 10Foreign Affairs Council, 137Foreign bases, 155Foreign minister(s), 16, 42Foreign policy, 8Foreign Service Institute, 50Formal legitimacy, 53France, 46Franco-British, 128Franco-British Committee, 75Franco-German, 77Freedom, 11French, 42French Committee of National

Liberation, 75Functionalism, 9

GGate-keeper, 139General Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade (GATT), 135Genghis Khan, 119Geographical, 229Geo-strategic, 195Germany, 39Germany-Poland, 166Giscard d’Estaing, Valery, 164Global actor, 11Global Financial Crisis (GFC), 163Goh Chok Tong, 81Governance, 11Government, 38‘Great-man’ theory, 6Greek Master Financial Assistance

Agreement (MFAA), 135

263 INDEX

Grexit, 136Gross domestic product (GDP), 122Guidance, 71Guides, 40

HHanover European Council, 94Hard power, 8Hass, Ernst B., 34Heads of government, 42Heads of state, 42Hegemonic country, 39High Authority, 76High Representative for Foreign

Affairs and Security Policy, 137Hinder, 185Hollande, François, 136Honorary Citizen of Europe, 93Human agents, 37Human capital, 51Human rights, 11Human Rights Commission, 96Hwee, Yeo Lay, 125

IIdeas, 36Ideational entrepreneurs, 9Identities, 36Impede, 36Impediments, 20Indonesia, 45Influence, 8Initiative for ASEAN Integration

(IAI), 123Initiator, 41Institute of Strategic and Development

Studies, 48Institutional design, 3Institutions, 11Intangible, 111Intellectual leadership, 123

Interests, 38Intergovernmentalism, 9Internal Market Commissioner, 204International humanitarian assistance,

90–91International Monetary Fund (IMF),

135International relations, 36International society, 34Interview, 10Inward-looking, 122Ireland, 85Islamic State (IS), 166Italy, 79

JJakarta Informal Meetings on

Cambodia, 120Japan, 153Japanese Occupation, 80Javanese, 69Jayakumar, S., 122Job skills, 40Johnson, Boris, 164Joint-leadership, 133Juncker, Jean-Claude, 207The June 1984 Fontainebleau

European Council meeting, 23The June 2015 European Council, 23

KKedah, 80Kholer, Horst, 153Kohl, Helmut, 164Kuala Lumpur, 15Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar, 120

LLamers, Karl, 163Laos, 14

264 INDEX

Le Luong Minh, 194Leader-follower interaction, 6Leaders, 8Leadership, 38

deficit, 237skills, 17vacuum, 115

Lee Hsien Loong, 88Lee Kuan Yew, 71, 116Legal forms, 11Legal personality, 189Legitimacy/legitimate, 10, 44Level of analysis, 45Leverage, 41Look East Policy, 82Lorraine, 78Lubkemeier, Eckhard, 127Luxembourg, 79Luxembourg European Council

Summit, 203

MMaastricht Treaty, 133Macron, Emmanuel, 133Mahathir Mohamad, 67Malaysia, 16Malaysian Performance and Delivery

Management Unit (PEMANDU), 195

Malik, Adam, 70Management, 38Manila, 15Marshall Plan, 77Material forces, 36Maung Maung Swe, 92Mediation, 8Member states, 36Membership, 36Memories, 118Merkel, Angela, 133Methodological triangulation, 18

Middle-ground approach, 6Migration crises, 11Military capabilities, 20Ministry of International Trade and

Industry (MITI), 195Mitrany, David, 31Mitterrand, Francois, 164Mobilise, 48Model, 11Motivations, 38Motor of European integration, 128Muafakah, 71Musyawarah, 71Mutual commitment, 129Myanmar, 14

NNatalagewa, Marty, 86National governments, 36National interests, 36Nationalistic, 48National leaders, 9National levels, 6Natural leader, 113Nazism, 75Neo-functionalism, 9Net contribution, 130The Netherlands, 79Ng Eng Hen, 197Nguyen Co Tach, 120Nippon Foundation, 92Non-Alignment Movement (NAM),

68Non-decision, 121Non-interference principle, 91Nordic, 137Normalisation, 71Normative values, 121Norm breakers, 37Norm entrepreneurs, 37Norm followers, 37

265 INDEX

Norms, 9North America Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA), 39, 114Norway, 85Nyan Win, 92

OOffice holder, 50Ong Keng Yong, 49Open coding, 17Opportunities, 38Oratorical skills, 68Organisational knowledge, 8Outward-looking, 139

PPan-Asian regionalism, 23Paris International Conference on

Cambodia, 120Patron-client, 41Peace, 2Pelaez, Emmanuel, 73People-to-people, 32Personal

attributes, 209experiences, 8preferences, 7, 40skills, 101

Personality, 2Persuasion, 8

and mediation skills, 91Phnom Penh, 70Pitsuwan, Surin, 90Policy

continuity, 111co-ordination, 35evaluation, 186formulation, 186guidance, 186implementation, 111, 186

Political actors, 34Political authority, 40Political culture, 128Political discourse, 99Political elites, 9Political giant, 130Political leadership, 3Political motivations, 7Political opportunities, 41Political organisation, 42Political rule, 44Political science, 38Political skills, 8Political systems, 20Political union, 97Political values, 8Political-constitutional cooperation, 31Position, 40Positional power, 17Positive-sum game, 36Power, 3Pragmatic, 190Presidency, 22Presidency of the Council, 137President of European Council, 42President of the European

Commission, 42Primary, 10Prime minister, 16Primus inter pares, 41Principles, 46Protectionism, 195Punching above their weight, 137

QQualified Majority Vote (QMV), 132

RRamos, President, 16Rapprochement policy, 70

266 INDEX

Rational choices, 36Realist, 85Recognition, 52Reconciliation, 5Reference point, 11Refugee crisis, 135Regional, 6

bodies, 11community, 5community-building, 4integration, 3organisations, 11paymaster, 39powers, 225society, 5

Regionalism, 4Region-building, 19Resistance, 52Respondent validation, 18Review of ASEAN Institutional

Framework: Proposal for Change, 189

Revolution, 68Rhineland, 79Rohingya crisis, 198Roosevelt, Franklin D., 85Ruhr, 78The rule of law, 11Rules, 46Russia, 91

SSabah, 69Sanction, 44Sarawak, 69Sarkozy, Nicolas, 170Scarborough Shoal, 192Schauble, Wolfgang, 163Schmidt, Helmut, 164Schröder, Gerhard, 164Schuman Plan, 79

Schuman, Robert, 32Secondary resources, 10Second World War, 48Secretary-General of ASEAN, 16Sectoral leadership, 115, 116Selected coding, 17Self-interest, 44Semi-structured interview, 16Severe acute respiratory system

(SARS), 126Sihanouk, Norodom, 70Sikorski, Radek, 168Similarities, 11Singapore, 1, 15Singapore-Indonesia, 126Singapore-Thailand, 126Single European Act (SEA), 23, 93‘Situationist’ approach, 6Six-point consensus, 86Size of a country, 20Social

constructions, 37influences, 40legitimacy, 53

Socialisation, 37, 119Sociocultural cooperation, 116Soft power, 8Solidarity, 77Solutions, 7Sorbonne, 172South Asian Association for Regional

Cooperation (SAARC), 23South China Sea, 14Southeast Asia, 1Southeast Asian Association for

Regional Co-operation (SEAARC), 70

South-South Cooperation, 82Sovereign, 68Spaak, Paul-Henri, 48Spill over, 34Spinelli, Altiero, 9

267 INDEX

S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 51

Stability, 2Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), 173State, 9State capacity, 10State-driven process, 32States of Europe, 77Strong-willed, 200Structures, 11Stumbling block, 154Subandrio, 72Suharto, 48Sukarno, 67Sukma, Rizal, 157Summit meetings, 54Summitry, 10Supply condition, 48Supply side, 39Supporters, 41Supranational characteristics, 11Suspicions, 119Sweden, 93Swedish Presidency of the Council,

137Symbolism, 129Symmetry of the asymmetrical, 130

TTandem, 140Tangible, 111Technical experts, 33Technical-functional cooperation, 32Technocrats, 9Thaksin Shinawatra, 161Thanat Khoman, 48Thatcher, Margaret, 199Theory-building, 12Third-world countries, 68Three coding steps, 17Three levels of analysis, 9

Trade wars, 48Treaty of Amity and Cooperation

(TAC), 157Treaty of Lisbon, 1Treaty of Nice, 135Treaty of Paris, 79Treaty of the European Council

presidency, 208Treaty on European Union (TEU), 93Triangulation methods, 14Tripartite Core Group, 92Troika arrangement, 208Trust, 5Tunku Abdul Rahman, 71Tusk, Donald, 135Tut wuri handayani, 1552-plus-X, 162

UUndisputed leader, 114United Nations (UN), 70United States (US), 39United States of Europe, 30

VValid, 12Value added tax (VAT), 202Values, 46Van Rompuy, Herman, 206Vanackere, Steven, 138Veto, 200Vientiane Action Programme (VAP),

189Vietnam, 14Visions, 4

WWe-feeling, 37Western Europe, 77

268 INDEX

Westerwelle, Guido, 168Willing, 7Wirajuda, Hassan, 121Wong, Rueben, 51World responsibilities, 84

YYangon, 70Yogyakarta, 68, 69Yong, Roderick, 62

ZZero-sum game, 36

no. participants place date978-981-13-7976... · 2019-06-18 · (arf) asean declaration on south...

Documents