Maritime Knowledge Centre

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN | Vol. XXVII | No. 12 | December 2015 0

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

MARITIME KNOWLEDGE CENTRE “sharing maritime knowledge”

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN

Volume XXVII – No. 12

December 2015

Maritime Knowledge Centre maritimeknowledgecentre@imo.org

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION www.imo.org

Maritime Knowledge Centre

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN | Vol. XXVII | No. 12 | December 2015 1

About the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) The aim of the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is to provide a digest of news and publications focusing on subject areas related to the work of IMO. Each CAB presents headlines from the previous month. For copyright reasons, the Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) contains excerpts only. Links to the complete articles or abstract on publishers' sites are included when available, though access may require payment or subscription. The MKC Current Awareness Bulletin is published monthly and issues from the current and the past year are free to download from this page. Email us if you would like to receive email notification when the most recent Current Awareness Bulletin is available to be downloaded.

The Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is published by the Maritime Knowledge Centre and is not an official IMO publication. Inclusion does not imply any endorsement by IMO.

CONTENTS

IMO / UNITED NATIONS NEWS & EVENTS ........................................................................................... 2

INDUSTRY NEWS AND PUBLICATIONS

CASUALTIES............................................................................................................................................ 6 ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ........................................................................................................... 14 HEALTH .................................................................................................................................................. 17 IMO ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 LAW AND POLICY ................................................................................................................................. 17 MARINE TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 19 MARITIME SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 20 MARITIME SECURITY ........................................................................................................................... 22 MIGRANTS ............................................................................................................................................. 23 NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATIONS .............................................................................................. 26 PIRACY ................................................................................................................................................... 26 PORT STATE CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 27 PORTS AND HARBOURS ..................................................................................................................... 27 RECYCLING OF SHIPS ......................................................................................................................... 28 REGULATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 29 SAFETY .................................................................................................................................................. 30 SEAFARERS .......................................................................................................................................... 30 SEARCH AND RESCUE ........................................................................................................................ 31 SHIPPING ............................................................................................................................................... 31 RESEARCH ............................................................................................................................................ 38

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IMO / UNITED NATIONS NEWS & EVENTS WHAT’S NEW Year in Review 2015 Highlights of a busy, varied and successful year for the Organization – including work on

maritime safety and security, environmental protection, outreach activities and more... IMO at COP 21 Climate Change Conference IMO has developed the only legally-binding energy-efficiency rules for an entire global

industry sector. These and other emission-reduction measures were reported to the 2015 Paris Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change (COP 21). more...

Unsafe mixed migration by sea IMO’s contribution to the international community’s efforts to tackle unsafe, mixed migration

by sea, which is placing hundreds of thousands of lives in danger every year. more... World Maritime Day 2016: "Shipping: indispensable to the world" This year’s theme focuses on the critical link between shipping and global society and to

raise awareness of IMO’s important role as the global regulatory body for international shipping. more...

PROGRAMME OF IMO MEETINGS FOR 2016, Meeting Summaries Assembly 29th session 23 November – 2 December 2015 Council 115th session 2 December 2015 IMO PRESS BRIEFINGS GloMEEP energy efficiency project gets underway with first national workshop Briefing: 58, December 23, 2015 Mandatory audits and other amendments enter into force on 1 January 2016 Briefing: 57, December 22, 2015 Ballast Water Convention ratifications by Morocco, Indonesia and Ghana welcomed Briefing: 56, December 21, 2015 Full speed ahead with climate-change measures at IMO following Paris Agreement Briefing: 55, December 14, 2015 Illegal wildlife trade faces zero-tolerance policy Briefing: 54, December 10, 2015

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Call for papers for 2016 IMO-GloBallast R&D Forum on Ballast Water Management Briefing: 53, December 07, 2015 IMO NEWS MAGAZINE (Issue 4, 2015) IMO PUBLISHING Just Published: 2016 December 2015 Newsletter

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UNITED NATIONS NEWS Secretary-General's speech to COP21 Leaders Summit. United Nations [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/sg/statements/index.asp?nid=9292

COP21: on eve of UN climate conference, Ban says 'time for action is now'. UN News Centre [Online]. 29 November 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52682 On the eve of the opening in Paris of the United Nations climate change conference, widely known as COP21, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is urging all countries and all sectors of society to act now to reach a new universal climate agreement.

Paris Pact on Water and Climate Change Adaptation Announced. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://newsroom.unfccc.int/lpaa/resilience/press-release-lpaa-resilience-1-paris-pact-on-water-and-climate-change-adaptation-announced/ A broad coalition of nations, river basin organizations, business and civil society today announced the creation of the international Paris Pact on Water and Climate Change Adaptation to make water systems - the very foundation of sustainable human development - more resilient to climate impacts.

Ban delivers favourable report card on early-stage talks at Paris climate summit. UN News Centre [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsId=52725 Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon gave a favourable report card today to the early stages of the United Nations climate change conference (COP21) in Paris, while at the same time urging both developed and developing countries to do more to reach universal agreement to mitigate the threat.

Draft Paris Outcome. Revised draft conclusions proposed by the Co-Chairs. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [Online].

5 December 2015. Available from: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/adp2/eng/l06r01.pdf

Addendum

COP21: UN chief says 'today is about action by all sectors of society'. UN News Centre [Online]. 5 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52741 As the United Nations climate change conference (COP21) marked 'Action Day' with dozens of events happening throughout its sprawling venue in the north-east of Paris, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said the purpose of the occasion was to highlight solutions the world "so urgently" needs.

Yale University Report Reveals Rapidly Growing Reality of Climate Action. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/yale-university-report-reveals-rapidly-growing-reality-of-climate-action/ Global action in support of a new, universal climate change agreement that unlocks faster progress towards a low-carbon, resilient future for all was revealed today in a report by Yale University which underscores the speed, breadth and depth of growing alignment between government, cities, business and civil society.

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Bay of Bengal boat flow manageable with regional cooperation - UNHCR. By Vivian Tan. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/5661ab566.html As the resumption of dangerous sea journeys in the Bay of Bengal looms, countries in the region today affirmed that the only way to reduce loss of life at sea is by working together on comprehensive and sustainable approaches to manage mixed migration movements.

Draft Paris Outcome. Version 1 of 9 December 2015 at 15:00. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [Online].

9 December 2015. Available from: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/da01.pdf

Draft Paris Outcome : Version 2 of 10 December 2015 at 21:00. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [Online]. 10 November 2015. Available from:

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/da02.pdf

Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change : 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [Online]. 12 December 2015. Available from: http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ An historic agreement to combat climate change and unleash actions and investment towards a low carbon, resilient and sustainable future was agreed by 195 nations in Paris today. Adoption of the Paris

Agreement (FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1)

COP21: UN chief hails new climate change agreement as 'monumental triumph'. UN News Centre [Online]. 12 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52802 Following the adoption of the new Paris Agreement on climate change, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said government representatives made history today.

'At time of great division,' unity on Paris climate accord must be built upon - UN Assembly President. UN News Centre [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52823 The President of the 193-member United Nations General Assembly today vowed to begin the hard work of carrying out the Paris Agreement on climate change, reminding the world that at a time of great division, the unity, leadership and collective responsibility demonstrated in the French capital should not be forgotten.

Paris Climate Change Agreement 'a Triumph for People, Planet', Secretary-General Tells General Assembly. United Nations [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17417.doc.htm Following are UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's remarks to the General Assembly on the outcome of the twenty-first Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21), in New York today.

For first time in history, selection of next UN Secretary-General will include input from all Member States. UN News Centre [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52831 The 193 Member States of the United Nations will for the first time be included "totally" in the selection of the next UN Secretary-General, the President of the General Assembly said today, pledging to make the process as transparent and inclusive as possible.

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CASUALTIES Eleven Missing After Cargo Ship Sinks Off the Philippines. By Mike Schuler. gCaptain [Online]. 29 November 2015. Available from: http://gcaptain.com/eleven-missing-after-cargo-ship-sinks-off-the-philippines/ Eleven people are missing and feared dead after a Panama-flagged cargo ship sank in the South China Sea off the Philippines, the Philippines Coast Guard has confirmed.

Transfer of passengers from stranded Batamfast ferry. Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) [Online]. 29 November 2015. Available from: http://www.mpa.gov.sg/sites/global_navigation/news_center/mpa_news/mpa_news_detail.page?filename=nr151129.xml At about 9.45pm on 29 Nov 2015, the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) received a report that an Indonesia-registered ferry, "Sea Prince" had hit a floating object after leaving the Nongsapura ferry terminal in Batam.

Safety lessons: person overboard during shooting nets operation. UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/safety-lessons-person-overboard-during-shooting-nets-operation Summary of a fatal accident after person dragged overboard from twin rig trawler Beryl, highlighting the importance of risk assessments.

Accident Investigation Report 26/2015: Person overboard from twin rig trawler Beryl with loss of 1 life. UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/maib-reports/person-overboard-from-twin-rig-trawler-beryl-with-loss-of-1-life This reports the MAIB's investigation into a fatal man overboard from the twin rig stern trawler Beryl, 21 nautical miles west-north-west of mainland Shetland on 10 February 2015.

Safety of ferry passengers under scrutiny. By Amelia Teng. Straits Times [Online]. 6 December 2015. Available from: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/safety-of-ferry-passengers-under-scrutiny Ms Chella Ho vividly remembers the chaotic scenes on board the ferry Sea Prince when it struck an object just below the water surface last Sunday night as it made its way from Batam to Singapore.

Accident Investigation Report 28/2015: Collision between container vessel Ever Smart and oil tanker Alexandra 1. UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/maib-reports/collision-between-container-vessel-ever-smart-and-oil-tanker-alexandra-1 This reports the MAIB's investigation of the collision between the UK registered container ship Ever Smart and the Marshall Islands

registered tanker Alexandra 1 in Jebel Ali, UAE on 11 February 2015. Report

Accident Investigation Report 29/2015: Capsize and sinking of stern trawler Stella Maris. UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/maib-reports/capsize-and-sinking-of-stern-trawler-stella-maris The 9.96m long fishing vessel Stella Maris capsized and sank on 28 July 2014 while attempting to lift a heavy cod end of fish and debris from a high, stern-mounted gantry sited above the vessel's fish

hopper and shelter deck. Report

Passenger lost from Saga cruiseship. By Eric Martin. TradeWinds [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/379022/passenger-lost-from-saga-cruiseship A woman is believed to have fallen overboard from a Saga Cruises vessel as it headed to the Caribbean from the United Kingdom.

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Update: Efforts to Self-Float Hanjin Aqua Unsuccessful. World Maritime News [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/178952/update-efforts-to-self-float-hanjin-aqua-unsuccessful/ Attempts of the South Korean shipping company Hanjin Shipping to refloat M/V Hanjin Aqua that ran aground off Sangiang Island, Indonesia on December 4 have proved to be unsuccessful, according to an update from the ship's owner.

Singapore Strait collision sinks freighter; six crew still missing. By Roslan Khasawneh and Keith Wallis. Reuters [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-singapore-ship-sinking-idUSKBN0U00GZ20151217 Six crew members are still missing after a general cargo freighter sank in the Singapore Strait following a collision with a chemical tanker at 8:14 p.m. (7.14 a.m. ET) on Dec. 16.

Collision of chemical tanker "Stolt Commitment" and freighter "Thorco Cloud" in Indonesia waters off Batam. Government of Singapore [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.news.gov.sg/public/sgpc/en/media_releases/agencies/mpa/press_release/P-20151217-1.html?AuthKey=27524d36-1847-eb46-867c-1d0e32cc75cb On 16 December 2015 at 2014 hours (Singapore time), Cayman Islands-registered chemical tanker "Stolt Commitment" and freighter "Thorco Cloud" bearing the Antigua and Barbuda flag collided in the eastbound lane of the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in the Singapore Strait.

New Photos of El Faro Site Provided to Crews' Families. Maritime Executive [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/new-photos-of-el-faro-site-provided-to-crews-families On Wednesday, the National Transportation Safety Board provided families of the crew of the sunken ro/ro El Faro with new video footage and photos from the vessel's wreck site.

Three dead, 76 missing after ship sinks off S. Sulawesi. By Andi Hajramurni. Jakarta Post [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/12/21/three-dead-76-missing-after-ship-sinks-s-sulawesi.html Three people have died and dozens others been declared missing after a passenger ship sank on Saturday at Bone Bay, some 12 nautical miles from Siwa Port in Wajo regency, South Sulawesi.

Fire Breaks Out Aboard Ventura Cargo Ship. World Maritime News [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/179349/fire-breaks-out-aboard-ventura-cargo-ship/ A fire broke out in one of the cargo holds of the general cargo ship Ventura as the ship was about to enter the Kiel Canal on Friday, German Central Command for Maritime Emergencies said.

Thorco releases images of sunken vessel. By Sam Chambers. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 23 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/thorco-releases-images-of-sunken-vessel/ Copenhagen-based Thorco Shipping has provided an update on the tragic sinking of the Thorco Cloud on December 16.

Still No Sign of MV Thorco Cloud's Missing Crew. World Maritime News [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/179424/still-no-sign-of-mv-thorco-clouds-missing-crew/ The six crew members of the Antigua and Barbuda-flagged freighter Thorco Cloud that went missing after their ship sank in the Singapore Strait in the evening hours of December 16 remain unaccounted for despite ongoing search and rescue efforts, according to the Mission of Seafarers responding to the tragedy.

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2 more passengers found alive, 74 still missing as SAR mission continues. By Andi Hajramurni. Jakarta Post [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/12/22/2-more-passengers-found-alive-74-still-missing-sar-mission-continues.html A joint search and rescue (SAR) team reported on Monday that it had rescued just two more passengers of the KM Marina Baru 02 ship that sank on Saturday in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, leaving 74 passengers still missing more than 48 hours after the incident.

TSB deploys a team to an occurrence involving a bulk carrier at the Squamish terminal in British Columbia. Government of Canada [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/medias-media/deploiement-deployment/marine/2015/20151221.asp The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) is deploying a team of investigators to the Squamish terminal in British Columbia, following an occurrence involving the bulk carrier Kai Xuan.

Three bodies found near wreck of Thorco Cloud. By Marcus Hand. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 29 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/asia/three-bodies-found-near-wreck-of-thorco-cloud.html Three bodies have been found near the wreck of the Thorco Cloud, one of which is confirmed as one of the six missing crew members.

China concludes abnormal weather caused deadly ferry accident that killed 442. By Max Tingyao Lin. Lloyd's List [Online]. 30 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article476676.ece Beijing calls for discipline action for more than 40 officials in Dong Fang Zhi Xing incident.

Fumigation-linked explosion hits kamsarmax bulker in Brazil. By Max Tingyao Lin. Lloyd's List [Online]. 30 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article476667.ece Another incident thought to be linked to use of fumigants.

ENVIRONMENT Fathom Spotlight: Will COP21 Be A Game Changer For Shipping? Ship & Bunker [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/features/fathom-spotlight/243942-fathom-spotlight-will-cop21-be-a-game-changer-for-shipping In recent months the shipping industry has danced on and off the Paris COP21 Climate Change Conference's negotiation text.

It's the climate, stupid. By Helen Kelly. Lloyd's List [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article474381.ece As the great and the good gather in Paris today for COP21, the UN climate change conference, you can expect a ratcheting up of rhetoric and a lot of hot air from all sides.

COP21: maritime deja vu. By Thomas Timlen. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/cop21-maritime-deja-vu/ The COP21 fun is underway in Paris, and some wonder where will it end for the maritime sector.

The road to Paris. By Diane Gilpin. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/the-road-to-paris/ Actually I'm on the train. En route to the UN climate change conference, COP21, to take part in a shipping roundtable event on Tuesday organised by the International Chamber of Shipping, Norwegian Shipowners Association and Armateurs de France.

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Low-carbon future flagged for Pacific transport "lifeline". Pacific Islands News Association (Fiji) [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=1160743100565d1645a26f949db5a6 Indications of a new era for the Pacific region's transport sector, featuring improved national governance, affordability and low-carbon solutions, are among the outcomes of a major regional transport meeting held in Suva, Fiji.

AS IT HAPPENED: World leaders pledge climate action at COP21. Climate Home [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2015/11/30/cop21-live-world-leaders-pledge-climate-action/ On day one of UN summit in Paris, 150 world leaders show support for a global warming pact

Drexel Materials Scientists Aid Australian Institution in Developing Super-Absorbent Material That Can Soak Up Oil Spills. Drexel University (USA) [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2015/November/oil-spill-material/ In hopes of limiting the disastrous environmental effects of massive oil spills, Materials scientists from Drexel University and Deakin University, in Australia, have teamed up to manufacture and test a new material, called a boron nitride nanosheet, that can absorb up to 33 times its weight in oils and organic solvents-a trait that could make it an important technology for quickly mitigating these costly accidents.

Selective deafness. By Diane Gilpin. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/selective-deafness/ I'll need a night's sleep to synthesise all I've learned today at the 'shipping as part of climate solution' COP21 side event, for now here are my immediate reactions.

Women in Shipping Address the Cost of Ocean Freight Emissions. Handy Shipping Guide [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.handyshippingguide.com/shipping-news/women-in-shipping-address-the-cost-of-ocean-freight-emissions_6839 With pollution and climate change firmly on the agenda at the moment as we see Paris hosting COP21, the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, one freight transport associated group has been looking closely at shipping emissions, from cause and effect to solutions.

Shipowners Push for IMO Control of CO2. Maritime Executive [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/shipowners-push-for-imo-control-of-co2 As world leaders from 147 countries gather in Paris for the long-awaited UNFCCC COP 21, European shipowners have reiterated their support for the E.U. Member States' negotiating position adopted in September.

Palau becomes first Pacific nation to join global pact to curb illicit fishing to protect biodiversity. UN News Centre [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsId=52697 Taking a massive step towards ocean conservation, the island nation of Palau is the latest in a growing number of countries- and the first Pacific island state- to ratify an international agreement to combat illegal fishing.

EU shipowners want IMO leadership in efforts to reduce GHG emissions from shipping. European Community Shipowners' Associations (ECSA) [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.ecsa.eu/9-latest-news/220-eu-shipowners-want-imo-leadership-in-efforts-to-reduce-ghg-emissions-from-shipping As world leaders from 147 countries gather in Paris for the long-awaited UNFCCC COP 21, European shipowners reiterate their support for the EU Member States' negotiating position adopted in September.

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Negotiating a new UN climate agreement: Challenges for the Paris climate change conference. By Gregor Erbach. European Parliamentary Research Service [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://epthinktank.eu/2015/11/30/negotiating-a-new-un-climate-agreement-challenges-for-the-paris-climate-change-conference/ A new international agreement to combat climate change is due to be adopted in December 2015 at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC). Whole In-depth Analysis

COP 21 turns to the oceans. By Karmenu Vella. Times of Malta [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20151204/opinion/COP-21-turns-to-the-oceans.594472 The climate talks in Paris - COP 21 - turn towards the sea today.

New international coalition of navigation infrastructure associations urge 'think climate'. International Harbour Masters Association (IHMA) [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.harbourmaster.org/news-ihma.php#newsid820 On Sunday 6th December, Transport Day at the Paris #COP21, PIANC's Think Climate coalition will formally launch its 2015-2020 Action Plan, entitled Navigating a Changing Climate.

IOC-UNESCO at COP21: Creating momentum for new climate commitments with Ocean and Climate Forum. UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/single-view-oceans/news/ioc_unesco_at_cop21_creating_momentum_for_new_climate_commitments_with_ocean_and_climate_forum/ The Ocean and Climate Forum involved over 100 institutional partners to present the objectives and common agenda of ocean-related events at COP21, with the aim to draw high-level political attention to the need for adoption of an ambitious agreement.

COP21: Aviation and shipping a climate law unto themselves. By Frank McDonald. Irish Times [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.irishtimes.com/news/environment/cop21-aviation-and-shipping-a-climate-law-unto-themselves-1.2456579 International aviation and shipping have rightly been dubbed "the elephants in the room" at COP21, and there is now a real danger they will escape yet again from any requirement to cut their prodigious - and growing - carbon emissions, just as they've done for the past 20 years.

Paris climate deal must tackle shipping emissions, say experts. By Megan Darby. Climate Home [Online]. 5 December 2015. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2015/12/05/paris-climate-deal-must-tackle-shipping-emissions-say-experts/ A Paris climate agreement must not let ships off the hook for their greenhouse gas emissions, delegates heard at a side event of COP21 on Saturday.

The planet, the oil, the irony. By Craig Eason. Lloyd's List [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article474891.ece The industry is collectively holding its breath as it waits to see whether a new global agreement on CO2 emission cuts will include reference to shipping and the role of the International Maritime Organization.

Climate change: The solutions are right in front of us. By Rolf Wüstenhagen. EurActiv [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.euractiv.com/sections/climate-environment/climate-change-solutions-are-right-front-us-320188 For the 21st time, politicians from all over the world are meeting for the annual UN climate summit in Paris.

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Tumult in the sea heralds bad times. By Paritta Wangkiat. Bangkok Post [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/786517/tumult-in-the-sea-heralds-bad-times Thai fishermen are at the forefront of climate change and feeling the effects.

Sprawling Alaska Gas Project Would Harm Climate, Threaten Rare Whales. Center for Biological Diversity [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2015/alaska-lng-project-12-04-2015.html The Center for Biological Diversity submitted comments to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission today opposing the Alaska LNG Project, a massive gas-export scheme proposed by BP, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil and the Alaska Gasline Development Corporation.

MEPs call for a strong Paris deal on carbon markets, aviation and shipping. European Parliament [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20151208IPR06609/html/MEPs-call-for-a-strong-Paris-deal-on-carbon-markets-aviation-and-shipping The Paris climate change agreement should not leave out aviation and shipping, two sectors whose emissions are rocketing and, if left unregulated, could account for up to 40% of all global emissions by 2050.

Off the radar? Shipping, aviation dropped from Paris climate text. By Susanna Twidale and Jonathan Saul. Reuters [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://in.reuters.com/article/climatechange-summit-transport-idINKBN0TS2JV20151209 The global airline and shipping industries appeared to win a symbolic reprieve from the growing global drive to reduce carbon emissions on Wednesday, cut from a new draft climate change pact being negotiated in Paris.

Maersk wants shipping industry back in COP21 agreement. By Marcus Hand. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/maersk-wants-shipping-industry-back-in-cop21-agreement.html One of the world's largest shipowners Maersk wants to see shipping back in the final draft of the COP21 agreement.

Excluding aviation and shipping emissions from COP deal makes 2°C limit close to impossible. Transport & Environment [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.transportenvironment.org/press/excluding-aviation-and-shipping-emissions-cop-deal-makes-2%C2%B0c-limit-close-impossible The dropping of international aviation and shipping emissions from the draft Paris climate agreement published this afternoon has fatally undermined the prospects of keeping global warming below 2°C, green NGOs Seas At Risk and Transport & Environment (T&E) have said.

COP21: efforts advance on reaching climate change agreement, says top UN official. UN News Centre [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsId=52772 A new stage in the development of a final agreement on climate change to limit global temperature rise to below two degrees Celsius or less has been reached today, according to the United Nations Assistant Secretary-General on Climate Change.

Weekly wrap: Paris preview, blocking coal and 2C controversy. By Megan Darby. Climate Home [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2015/11/27/weekly-wrap-paris-preview-blocking-coal-and-2c-controversy/ In the last week before COP21 kicks off in Paris, we at Climate Home have gone into analysis overdrive.

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Ian Duncan: No optimism among EU delegation over draft COP21 deal. By James Crisp. EurActiv [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: http://www.euractiv.com/sections/climate-environment/ian-duncan-no-optimism-among-eu-delegation-over-draft-cop21-deal-320343 European Commission officials were so disheartened by negotiations at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21), that they discussed re-writing the slimmed down draft agreement to cap global warming, the lead lawmaker on the reform of the bloc's Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) told EurActiv.

A brief history of the 1.5C target. By Robin Webster. Climate Home [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2015/12/10/a-brief-history-of-the-1-5c-target/ More than a hundred countries now support a goal of limiting temperature rise to no more than 1.5C, and the target may be included in this week's climate change agreement.

Herding elephants in Paris. Transport & Environment [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.transportenvironment.org/news/herding-elephants-paris The Paris 'Conference of the Parties' 21, the most important climate conference since the failed Copenhagen one of six years ago, is nearing an outcome.

Industry Divided on Importance of COP21 Text. Maritime Executive [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://maritime-executive.com/article/industry-divided-on-importance-of-cop21-text European shipowners have joined the European Commission, members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and various stakeholders in calling for shipping to be brought back in the text currently negotiated in the context of the COP21 climate talks in Paris.

Climate change debate: Rising seas or rising hysteria? By Malcolm Latarche. Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST) [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.imarest.org/policy-news/newsroom-press/item/2010-climate-change-debate-rising-seas-or-rising-hysteria Marine journalist, Malcolm Latarche, goes head-to-head with the IMarEST and its Operational Oceanography Special Interest Group (OOSIG) on the topic of climate change.

'Lack of political willpower at COP21', says Danish Shipowners. By Gary Howard. Lloyd's List [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/article475463.ece The Danish Shipowners' Association has expressed its disappointment at the latest draft of the Paris Agreement, and the absence of a reference to cutting emissions from shipping.

Paris silence on shipping and aviation casts doubt on who should lead. Seas at Risk [Online]. 12 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seas-at-risk.org/18-shipping/618-paris-silence-on-shipping-and-aviation-casts-doubt-on-who-should-lead.html The absence of any reference to international aviation and shipping emissions in the Paris Agreement casts doubts over who is responsible for reining in their skyrocketing emissions, green NGOs Seas At Risk, Carbon Market Watch and Transport & Environment have said.

Carry more, emit less. By Grahaeme Henderson. Lloyd's List [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/tankers/article475574.ece Shell's Grahaeme Henderson asks how to economically meet increased demands for energy, while producing less Greenhouse gas?

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Maersk Group Welcomes the Final Paris Agreement. By Aiswarya Lakshmi. Maritime Global News [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://maritimeglobalnews.com/news/maersk-group-welcomes-final-bzk3dy The Maersk Group welcomes the final Paris agreement among some 195 countries, covering more than 90% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

In the wake of COP21, European shipowners call for solid action in IMO. European Community Shipowners' Associations (ECSA) [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.ecsa.eu/9-latest-news/227-in-the-wake-of-cop21-european-shipowners-call-for-solid-action-in-imo European shipowners welcome the ambitious and forward-looking climate change agreement reached in Paris this weekend.

ECA Watch: What's the score? Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/ECA-Watch-What-s-the-score-140153 Eight months into the most dramatic sulphur regulation we've witnessed so far, developments were not been quite as predicted with regards to prices, compliance, fuel quality or the attractiveness of alternatives to MGO.

Ban hails Paris climate accord as 'health insurance policy for the planet'. UN News Centre [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52812 Calling the Paris Agreement on climate change "a health insurance policy for the planet," United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said today he never lost faith over his nine years in office that the international community could rise to the challenge and take steps to curb emission and boost climate-resilient growth.

Climate COP21: 22 countries form the Because the Ocean group. By Brittney Francis. Global Ocean Commission [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.globaloceancommission.org/climate-cop21-22-countries-form-the-because-the-

ocean-group/ For the first time in Paris this week 22 countries have raised prominently the Ocean at a Climate COP, indicating that we are ready to enter a new era of climate action that includes the planet's blue part which represents 75% of the Earth's surface.

Pressure still on for shipping to curb CO2. By Craig Eason. Lloyd's List [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article475690.ece The international climate agreement in Paris still puts additional pressure on the maritime sector to change, despite not having a direct reference to shipping.

Sydney cruise ship emissions: Row far from settled. By Julian Macqueen. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/Sydney-cruise-ship-emissions-Row-far-from-settled-140200 Cruise ship emissions in the Sydney harbour area are staying in the public eye despite a rule change on the use of heavy fuel oil at berth.

Global fuel quality review. By Edwin Bloemen. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 18 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/americas/global-fuel-quality-review.html In just under a year after the implementation of the stricter 0.1% m/m maximum sulphur limit in the Emission Control Areas (ECAs), statistics confirm the expected shift towards distillate fuels.

IMO declared it got the message in Paris but now it has to get cracking. By Terry Macalister. TradeWinds [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/weekly/379502/imo-declared-it-got-the-message-in-paris-but-now-it-has-to-get-cracking After wider UN plans to phase out fossil fuels by the end of the century, fuel efficiency is not about regulation for shipowners, it is about self-preservation.

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Emission-free shipping unlikely within the next five years. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/emission-free-shipping-unlikely-within-the-next-five-years/ Although cruise companies are helping to fight climate change, talk of eco-friendly ships appearing within the next five years is probably premature.

IBIA questions how global sulphur cap will be enforced. By Nick Jameson. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 18 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/IBIA-questions-how-global-sulphur-cap-will-be-enforced-140249 The Chief Executive of the International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) has repeated a suggestion that ships should face a blanket ban on even carrying non-compliant fuel when new sulphur limits come into force, possible as early as 2020.

A huge percentage of the world's oil ends up squeezed through these tiny channels. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 23 December 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/a-huge-percentage-of-the-worlds-oil-ends-up-squeezed-through-these-tiny-channels/ Sixty-three percent of the world's oil travels around on giant sea-faring pollution machines that degrade air quality, interrupt local ecosystems, and have a nasty habit of leaching a heinous black sludge into the environment.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Russian oil tanker runs aground off Sakhalin, spills part of load. By Alastair Wanklyn. Japan Times [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/11/30/world/russian-oil-tanker-runs-around-north-hokkaido-spills-part-load/ Cleanup operations are underway on the Russian island of Sakhalin after a tanker laden with oil grounded close to a fishing port, ripping open at least one of its tanks and polluting several kilometers of coastline.

Research targets role of dispersants in cleaning up after oil spills. Eureka Alert [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-12/uoh-rtr120115.php A University of Houston researcher has earned a $1.8 million grant from the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to determine how the use of dispersants to break up an oil spill affects the natural cleaning role played by bacteria.

Authorities: No Bunker Leaks After Vessel Sinks Off Fiji. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/world/931632-authorities-no-bunker-leaks-after-vessel-sinks-off-fiji Fiji's Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) says that inspection dives have shown that there is no fuel leakage from the MV Suilven, which sunk in Suva Harbour on November 24, local media reports.

Norway Identifies Arctic Spill Knowledge Gaps. Maritime Executive [Online]. 6 December 2015. Available from: http://maritime-executive.com/article/norway-identifies-arctic-spill-knowledge-gaps The Petroleum Safety Authority Norway, on behalf of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has prepared a report that highlights the need for further research into safe Arctic oil and gas operations.

Overview of measures specifically designed to prevent oil pollution in the Arctic marine environment from offshore petroleum activities. Petroleum Safety Authority (Norway) [Online]. December 2015. Available from:

http://www.psa.no/getfile.php/PDF/Rapporter/Overview of measures_report_TFOPP.pdf

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Cross-sector cooperation key to eliminating microplastics in the marine environment. OSPAR Commission [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.ospar.org/news/cross-sector-cooperation-key-to-eliminating-microplastics-in-the-marine-environment Small fragments of plastic are so prevalent in the North East Atlantic that it is now critical that sectors come together to tackle the problem at source if further damage to the marine environment is to be limited.

Six pollution hot spots cleaned up in the Baltic Sea. Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.helcom.fi/news/Pages/Six-pollution-hot-spots-cleaned-up-in-the-Baltic-Sea.aspx Six waste water treatment plants were approved for deletion from the HELCOM Hot Spot list by the high-level Baltic coastal country representatives, ending their meeting last Friday in Helsinki, Finland.

RINA delivers Ballast Water Management guidance? RINA Services S.p.A. [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.rina.org/en/news?item=115 International classification society RINA has completely revised and updated its guidance on the Ballast Water Convention and the procurement, installation, operation and certification of Ballast Water Treatment Systems.

Ashdod port fined NIS 2.7m. for marine pollution. By Sharon Udasin. Jerusalem Post [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Ashdod-port-fined-NIS-27m-for-marine-pollution-437399#channel=f11b2c227f4f5a&origin=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com The Environmental Protection Ministry will be fining the Ashdod Port Company NIS 2.7 million for marine pollution infractions, following a contamination incident involving sulfur.

Shell appeals to have its Arctic leases extended. By Donal Scully. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/shell-appeals-to-have-its-arctic-leases-extended/ Less than three months since it abandoned indefinitely its exploration for oil in US Arctic waters Shell is still trying to keep open its drilling options in the region.

BE-AWARE II identifies ways to reduce the environmental impact of oil spills. Bonn Agreement [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from:

http://www.bonnagreement.org/site/assets/files/1008/pr_be-aware_ii_final.pdf

USCG rejects ballast water approval methods. By Craig Eason. Lloyd's List [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article476057.ece Ballast water treatment system makers are set to fight a decision by the US Coast Guard that could leave shipowner customers with expensive but useless equipment on board.

Setback for BWTS manufacturers. By Julian Macqueen. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/Set-back-for-BWTS-manufacturers-140232 Companies making ballast water treatment system using ultraviolet (UV) light to tackle organisms in a ship's ballast water have been told by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) that such systems are not viable.

Plastic Oceans Urges Recycling at Christmas. Maritime Executive [Online]. 20 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/plastic-oceans-

urges-recycling-at-christmas The environmental organization Plastic Oceans has released a Christmas video highlighting the impact of plastic waste at sea and urging people to recycle packaging.

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Opinion: Tanker ban is best way to protect North Pacific. By Linda Nowlan. Vancouver Sun (Canada) [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Opinion+Tanker+best+protect+North+Pacific/11605542/story.html?__lsa=eff5-626b Legislating an oil tanker ban in the North Pacific is a decisive step to build the future British Columbians want.

China ECAs Will Have Limited Impact For Operators, Says Shipbroker. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 23 December 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/apac/275051-china-ecas-will-have-limited-impact-for-operators-says-shipbroker Italian shipbroker Banchero Costa says that new Emission Control Area (ECA) rules set to come into force in China over the coming years will have a limited impact on the shipping industry compared to existing regulations elsewhere in the world, IHS FairPlay reports.

USCG makes decision on use of MPN method for ballast water management systems. DNV GL [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: https://www.dnvgl.com/news/uscg-makes-decision-on-use-of-mpn-method-for-ballast-water-management-systems-52160 The USCG has declined the use of the MPN method for evaluating the biological efficacy of UV-based treatment technologies for ballast water.

Shanghai drafts shore power regulation. By Unni Einemo. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 31 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/Shanghai-drafts-shore-power-regulation-140366 Authorities in Shanghai are stepping up efforts to cut air pollution from ships with plans to install shore power at more ports in the area, allowing ships to turn of their engines while they are berthed.

More protections needed for Arctic habitat from shipping activity. By Roger Rufe. Seattle Times [Online]. 30 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/more-protections-needed-for-arctic-habitat-from-shipping-activity/ We can't risk another accident like the 2004 wreck of the Selendang Ayu, which cost the lives of six crew members and spilled 350,000 gallons of oil into the water near Dutch Harbor, Alaska.

DFDS highlights need for exemptions to ballast water regulation. By Unni Einemo. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 29 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/DFDS-highlights-need-for-exemptions-to-ballast-water-regulation-140346 The head of European ferry sea operator DFDS has highlighted a need for operators within limited geographical areas to be made exempt from requirements in the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention.

Report shows air pollutants in Prince William Sound reduced by hundreds of tons per year. Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.pwsrcac.org/announcements/report-shows-air-pollutants-in-prince-william-sound-reduced-by-hundreds-of-tons-per-year/ The council recently commissioned a study to quantify how much less air pollution is emitted from tanker ships due to the use of low

sulfur fuel. Report

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HEALTH ITF: Crew of Alcoa's FOC Ships Unpaid and Working in Poor Conditions. World Maritime News [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/179491/itf-crew-of-alcoas-foc-ships-unpaid-and-working-in-poor-conditions/ American corporation Alcoa got tangled into another incident related to its ship hiring policy in Australia.

IMO

Just How Close is the Ballast Water Convention? Maritime Executive [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/just-how-close-is-the-ballast-water-convention The IMO has not yet issued a confirmation about whether or not the ballast water management convention has reached the tonnage required for its entry into force.

Plymouth honours Sekimizu. TradeWinds [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/andalso/378883/plymouth-honours-sekimizu Outgoing secretary general of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Koji Sekimizu has been awarded an honorary doctorate from England's Plymouth University.

LAW AND POLICY Arbitration between the republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of China: The Tribunal concludes hearing on the merits. Permanent Court of Arbitration [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.pcacases.com/web/sendAttach/1524 On Monday, 30 November 2015, the Tribunal concluded the hearing on the merits and remaining issues of jurisdiction and admissibility in the arbitration initiated by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China under Annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the "Convention").

Analysis: Why China may find legal ruling on South China Sea hard to ignore. South China Morning Post [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/diplomacy/article/1885824/analysis-why-china-may-find-legal-ruling-south-china-sea-hard When an international court ruled in late October that it had jurisdiction to hear a case filed by the Philippines against China over the disputed South China Sea, Beijing dismissed the decision, saying it would "lead to nothing".

Seafarers Protection Act, a legislative milestone. By Dionisio P. Tubianosa. Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=9178 ANGKLA Party-list Rep. Jesulito A. Manalo declared that President Benigno Aquino's signing of Republic Act 10706 is another major feat for the Filipino seafarers.

Beijing unveils ECA plans to tackle ship emissions. By Cichen Shen. Lloyd's List [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article474983.ece Beijing has released official plans to set up emission control areas in its own territorial waters, as part of its answer to the country's chronic pollution problem.

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China, Japan to continue discussion on air, marine contact mechanism. The People's Republic of China [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://english.gov.cn/news/international_exchanges/2015/12/09/content_281475250902534.htm China and Japan agreed to continue discussions on an early start of an air and maritime contact mechanism in their fourth round of high-level consultations on maritime affairs.

Coast Guard continues to investigate cause of containers lost from barge off Fla. coast. US Coast Guard Newsroom [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.uscgnews.com/go/doc/4007/2748438/ The Coast Guard continues to respond to the loss of containers from the barge Columbia Elizabeth, which reported losing multiple containers between Cape Canaveral and Palm Beach, Florida, Sunday.

Statement by Mr. M. Koteswara Rao, Legal Adviser, on Agenda item: 79(a) Oceans and the Law of the Sea at the Seventieth Session of the United Nations General Assembly on December 08, 2015. By M. Koteswara Rao. Permanent Mission of India to the UN [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: https://www.pminewyork.org/pages.php?id=2336

China Acts to Control Shipping Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/china-acts-to-control-shipping-air-pollution-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions/ The shipping industry is not only a major contributor to the air pollution choking many port cities, but also, as explained in a front page article in today's New York Times, one of the fastest growing sources of transport greenhouse gas emissions.

Greece, Cyprus, Egypt to speed up talks over sea boundaries. By Angeliki Koutantou and Renee Maltezou. Reuters [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-greece-energy-idUSKBN0TS1R620151211 Greece, Egypt and Cyprus agreed on Wednesday to speed up talks to demarcate sea boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean as part of efforts to turn the region into an offshore natural gas hub.

Armament on the High Seas. By Liza Kane-Hartnett. World Policy Institute [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2015/12/10/armament-high-seas Last month, Sri Lanka announced that it had terminated its agreement with the private security firm Avant Garde to operate the country's increasingly scandalous 'floating armories.'

Questions and Answers: Commission proposes new rules to improve transparency and monitoring of EU fleets fishing internationally. European Commission [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-15-6267_en.htm?subweb=347&lang=en Commission proposes a new system to grant and manage authorisations that will allow authorities to better monitor both EU vessels fishing outside Union waters and international vessels fishing in our own waters.

Flying close to Beijing's new South China Sea islands. By Rupert Wingfield-Hayes. BBC News [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-

35031313 Last year the BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes travelled across the South China Sea in a fishing boat and became the first journalist to observe close-up how China is constructing new islands on coral reefs.

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16+1 proposals to boost the EU's shipping policy. European Community Shipowners' Associations (ECSA) [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.ecsa.eu/news-and-media/latest-news/9-latest-news/224-16-1-proposals-to-boost-the-eu-s-shipping-policy In an effort to provide the European Commission with constructive input ahead of the upcoming review of the EU shipping policy in 2017, European shipowners unveiled on Tuesday 16+1

proposals to highlight the industry's point of view and priorities. Proposal

Why are Chinese fishermen destroying coral reefs in the South China Sea? By Rupert Wingfield-Hayes. BBC News [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35106631 I'd been told that Chinese fishermen were deliberately destroying reefs near a group of Philippine-controlled atolls in the Spratly Islands but I was not convinced.

Australia: 2015 Increases to Pollution Penalties. North of England P&I Association [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.nepia.com/news/industry-news/australia-2015-increases-to-pollution-penalties/ Commonwealth legislation, which applies to oil spills occurring beyond 3 nautical miles from the Australian coast, has increased the penalty unit applying to fines for Commonwealth maritime offences from A$170 to A$180.

Japan says armed Chinese coastguard ship seen near disputed islands. By Nathaniel Taplin, Kiyoshi Takenaka, and Lisa Twaronite. Reuters [Online]. 23 December 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-japan-islands-idUSKBN0U606H20151223 A Chinese coastguard ship equipped with what appeared to be four gun turrets was sighted near disputed islands in the East China Sea, Japan's coastguard said on Wednesday.

Seoul-Beijing EEZ talks face touch road ahead. By Jun Ji-hye. Korea Times [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2015/12/116_193794.html Korea and China resumed talks Tuesday to resolve their overlapping exclusive economic zones (EEZ) in the West Sea, the first round of discussions on the issue since 2008.

MARINE TECHNOLOGY DNV GL presents DSIC with world's first AiP for LNG-fuelled VLCC design. By Li Xin Cathy Zhang. DNV GL [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: https://www.dnvgl.com/news/dnv-gl-presents-dsic-with-world-s-first-aip-for-lng-fuelled-vlcc-design-48763 DNV GL has presented Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company Limited (DSIC) with an Approval in Principle (AiP) certificate for a new LNG-fuelled very large crude carrier (VLCC) design at the first day of the Marintec China trade fair.

Energy Efficiency of New Technology Can Improve. By Paul Floren. Maritime Executive [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://maritime-executive.com/blog/energy-efficiency-of-new-technology-can-improve With the United Nations COP21 meeting in full swing, all eyes are on global climate change targets and policies.

The new DNV GL rules for Hull Structures. DNV GL [Online]. 11 December 2015.

Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oZtjXrpIj4 Gain insight into the advanced load concept and the state-of-the-art capacity models in the new DNV GL rules.

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LR establishes design and construction standards for the use of low-flashpoint fuels (LFPF) with new notation. Lloyd's Register [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lr.org/en/news/news/LR-establishes-design-and-construction-standards-for-the-use-of-low-flashpoint-fuels-with-new-notation.aspx With the development of gas as a marine fuel going beyond LNG - LR has developed a notation, coming into effect on 1 January 2016, that provides clarity and helps to ensure technology can be adopted effectively.

Methanol Has An "Historic Opportunity" As Marine Fuel: FCBI. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/world/440893-methanol-has-an-historic-opportunity-as-marine-fuel-fcbi FCBI Energy Tuesday released a new report on the use of methanol as a marine fuel, saying that in today's market it has an "historic opportunity" for adoption as a marine fuel.

Surveys without scaffolds - DNV GL conducts drone inspection of ship tanks. By Simon David Adams. DNV GL [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: https://www.dnvgl.com/news/surveys-without-scaffolds-dnv-gl-conducts-drone-inspection-of-ship-tanks-51628 DNV GL has recently completed several tests using drones to support the hull survey of two vessels.

First Robotic Crewmember Will Join Cruise Ship. Maritime Executive [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/first-robotic-crewmember-will-join-cruise-ship The popular Japanese robot Pepper will be shipping out on Costa Cruises' Costa Diadema and AIDAprima starting in 2016.

MARITIME SAFETY Consultation for Means of Recovery M-Notice. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-for-means-of-recovery-m-notice We are seeking your views on a proposed Marine Guidance Note (MGN). This MGN will inform industry of a new SOLAS Regulation requiring all SOLAS ships to have arrangements for the recovery of persons from the water.

Alcatel-Lucent completes first stage of National Maritime Safety System modernization project in Poland using IP/MPLS technology. Alcatel-Lucent [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: https://www.alcatel-lucent.com/press/2015/alcatel-lucent-completes-first-stage-national-maritime-safety-system-modernization-project-poland Alcatel-Lucent and Indra complete project to improve safety and operational efficiency at Polish ports.

Lim faces first big challenge as IMO head with cruise and passengership safety agenda. By Adam Corbett. TradeWinds [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/weekly/377841/lim-faces-first-big-challenge-as-imo-head-with-cruise-and-passengership-safety-agenda The first major test of newly appointed head of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Lim Ki-tak will come at a ship design and construction meeting that is to be dominated by passengership safety concerns.

Sea Prince incident: Ships must comply with maritime safety rules. By Amelia Teng. Straits Times [Online]. 6 December 2015. Available from: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ships-must-comply-with-maritime-safety-rules Passenger ships on international voyages must comply with standards set by an international maritime safety treaty called the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (Solas).

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Shipper leaders question US container weight check guidelines. By Janet Porter. Lloyd's List [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/containers/article475689.ece Shipper representatives in the US are becoming increasingly worried about how the US Coast Guard plans to enforce the rules on container weights that will come into effect globally in just over six months' time.

IACS Council Focuses On Next Generation Safety Systems: Establishes Cyber Panel. International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.iacs.org.uk/news/article.aspx?newsid=194 The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) has created a Cyber Panel to lend support and resources to address what has become a key industry issue.

Embargoed accident reports endanger crew. By Ines Nastali. Marine Professional / IMarEST [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.imarest.org/themarineprofessional/item/2029-embargoed-accident-reports-endanger-crew These reports sometimes reveal failures that go back to the design stage of a vessel.

H.R. 3878, the Strengthening Cybersecurity Information Sharing and Coordination in Our Ports Act of 2015. US Committee on Homeland Security [Online]. 4 November 2015. Available from: https://homeland.house.gov/bill/strengthening-cybersecurity-information-sharing-and-coordination-in-our-ports-act-of-2015/ A bill introduced by Rep. Norma Torres (D-CA), enhances cybersecurity information sharing and coordination at ports in the United States.

Report

Conference on U.S. and Canadian Shared Interest in the Arctic Spurs Dialogue in Anchorage. By Lawson Brigham. Institute of the North [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://www.institutenorth.org/news/entry/conference-on-u.s.-and-canadian-shared-interest-in-the-arctic-spurs-dialogu Last week I attended and gave a keynote address at a workshop held at The Arctic Domain Awareness Center (ADAC) at the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA).

Coalition addresses supply chain concerns about shipping weight verification. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 30 December 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/coalition-addresses-supply-chain-concerns-about-shipping-weight-verification/ This year, the World Shipping Council and International Maritime Organization announced that, as of July 1, 2016, all packed containers would need mandatory weight verification before being exported.

Real Life Accident: Vessel Sinks Because Of Bauxite Liquefaction. Marine Insight [Online]. 29 December 2015. Available from: http://www.marineinsight.com/case-studies/real-life-accident-beware-possible-bauxite-liquefaction/ A bulk carrier was in port to load 'raw, unwashed' bauxite.

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MARITIME SECURITY Cybercrime and shipping: the facts. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/cybercrime-and-shipping-the-facts/ How serious a threat to shipping is cybercrime? The aviation sector's exposure to the global cyber threat was laid bare by the recent acts of a 'white-hat' hacker, who apparently infiltrated a commercial aircraft's flight-management systems while it was in flight.

HMS Richmond's drugs seizure in the Mediterranean. Royal Navy (UK) [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2015/december/01/151201-hms-richmond-drugs-seizure The crew of a Royal Navy warship have seized around £3m worth of cannabis during a security patrol in the Mediterranean.

Maritime Security: Hacking into a Voyage Data Recorder (VDR). By Ruben Santamarta. IOActive [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://blog.ioactive.com/2015/12/maritime-security-hacking-into-voyage.html In 2014, IOActive disclosed a series of attacks that affect multiple SATCOM devices, some of which are commonly deployed on vessels.

Are we all agreed on how to fight cybercrime? By Sam Chambers. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/are-we-all-agreed-on-how-to-fight-cybercrime/ According to recent analysis by Willis Group of 49 maritime transport companies' 2014 annual reports, just 22% identified cybercrime as a potential risk.

Second Royal Navy Mediterranean drugs bust in a fortnight. Royal Navy (UK) [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2015/december/10/151210-rn-second-drugs-bust-in-a-fortnight The Royal Navy has carried out its second drugs bust in the Mediterranean in as many weeks with HMS St Albans seizing around 320kg of cannabis.

Armament on the High Seas. By Liza Kane-Hartnett. Maritime Executive [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/armament-on-the-high-seas Last month, Sri Lanka announced that it had terminated its agreement with the private security firm Avant Garde to operate the country's increasingly scandalous "floating armories."

Singaporean Shipping Company Guilty of Aiding Arms Smuggling. Maritime Executive [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/singaporean-shipping-company-guilty-of-aiding-arms-smuggling On Monday, a court found Singapore-based Chinpo Shipping guilty of assisting a prohibited shipment of arms to North Korea.

Combined Maritime Forces continue the fight against illegal drugs. Combined Maritime Forces [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://combinedmaritimeforces.com/2015/12/17/combined-maritime-forces-continue-the-fight-against-illegal-drugs/ The Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) have continued their success against illegal narcotics and made another seizure of heroin off the coast of East Africa.

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Maritime 'Repo Men': A last resort for stolen ships. By Ian Urbina. New York Times [Online]. 28 December 2015. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/world/americas/maritime-repo-men-a-last-resort-for-stolen-ships.html?_r=0 Thousands of boats are stolen each year, and some are recovered using alcohol, prostitutes, witch doctors and other forms of guile.

MIGRANTS As the World Turns Away, Refugees are Still Drowning in the Mediterranean. By Judith Sunderland. Human Rights Watch (HRW) [Online]. 27 November 2015. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/27/world-turns-away-refugees-are-still-

drowning-mediterranean Her name was Sena. She was four years old. She was wearing blue trousers and a red shirt. She drowned in a shipwreck on November 18 in the Aegean Sea off Bodrum, Turkey.

Mediterranean Migrants: Latest Developments. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 27 November 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/news/mediterranean-migrants-latest-developments-1 Based on data gathered by the Hellenic Police and IOM field staff, IOM estimates that over 110,000 migrants and refugees have now arrived in Greece by sea since the beginning of November.

Children Account for 20% of Maritime Arrivals to Europe in 2015: IOM and UNICEF. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/news/children-account-20-maritime-arrivals-europe-2015-iom-and-unicef A new data brief produced by IOM's Global Migration Data Analysis Centre and UNICEF shows that children make up at least one in five of the 870,000 refugees and migrants who have crossed the Mediterranean Sea so far this year.

IOM urges Thailand, Asean to block repeat of migrant crisis. Bangkok Post [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/781833/iom-urges-thailand-asean-to-block-repeat-of-migrant-crisis Southeast Asian countries were urged on Tuesday to treat migrants landing on their shores humanely and avoid a repeat of this year's disaster in which hundreds of refugees were either lost at sea or died in jungle camps.

Six migrant children die after boat sinks off western Turkey: media. By Humeyra Pamuk. Reuters [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-turkey-idUSKBN0TR1A720151208 At least six children died and eight other people rescued on Tuesday after a boat carrying migrants bound for Greece capsized off Turkey's western coast near the city of Izmir, local media reported.

Survive and advance: The economics of smuggling refugees and migrants into Europe. Institute for Security Studies (ISS) [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: https://www.issafrica.org/publications/papers/survive-and-advance-the-economics-of-smuggling-

refugees-and-migrants-into-europe Violent conflicts, terrorism, long-standing repressive regimes, chronic poverty and inequality have driven an unprecedented number of refugees and migrants to Europe.

'My family drowned': Syrian refugee on terrible cost of fleeing IS. By Mark Lowen. BBC News [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-

europe-35058733 Seven children and their mother died when a boat carrying them capsized.

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IOM Monitors Mediterranean Arrivals, Fatalities. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/news/iom-monitors-mediterranean-arrivals-fatalities IOM estimates that over 909,000 migrants and refugees have entered Europe by sea so far in 2015 - four times the 219,000 recorded in all of 2014.

Rescue filmed of stricken migrant boat off Lesbos. By Chris Morris. BBC News [Online].

11 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35068422 Thousands of migrants are still arriving in the Greek Islands, two weeks after the European Union signed a deal with Turkey aimed at restricting the flow of people.

European Commission and UNHCR launch scheme to provide 20,000 reception places for asylum seekers in Greece. European Commission [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-6316_en.htm The European Commission and the UNHCR today launched a scheme to provide 20.000 additional reception places for asylum seekers and relocation candidates in Greece through subsidies for housing in the private sector.

Migrant crisis: Rent subsidy plan for Athens' stranded migrants. By Nick Thorpe. BBC News [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-

europe-35091323 A scheme to provide subsidised rent for 20,000 migrants "stranded in Athens" is expected to be launched on Monday.

Europe may turn its back on refugees this winter. But our rescuers won't : Christopher Catrambone. The Guardian [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/dec/14/europe-refugees-syrians-terror-

moas?CMP=share_btn_tw Syrians fleeing terror now have to brave Europe's hostility as well as the Mediterranean's.

Migrant's perilous journey to Europe to escape Syria. By Faisal Irshaid. BBC News

[Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-35096434 A migrant who made it to Europe tells the BBC how he feared for his life.

European Agenda on Migration: Securing Europe's External Borders. European Commission [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-15-6332_en.htm The Commission has presented an ambitious set of measures aimed at securing the EU's borders, managing migration more effectively and improving the internal security of the European Union, while safeguarding the principle of free movement of persons.

Migrant crisis dominates as EU holds final summit of 2015. By Katya Adler. BBC News [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-

35118082 EU leaders are gathering in Brussels for an end-of-year summit focused on tackling Europe's migrant crisis.

The story behind three images from the migrant crisis. BBC News [Online].

17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35116365 The migrant crisis in Europe has dominated headlines for much of 2015. But a few images, and a few individuals in particular, have really captured public attention.

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Greece sceptical, but won't veto Commission's border force plan. By Sarantis Michalopoulos. EurActiv [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.euractiv.com/sections/global-europe/greece-skeptical-wont-veto-commissions-border-force-plan-320509 The Greek government disagrees with two crucial "points" of the European Commission's plan for a new border force to be discussed at the two day summit starting on Thursday (17 December), but opposing a veto has been ruled out.

EU Migrant, Refugee Arrivals by Land and Sea Approach One Million in 2015. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 18 December 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/news/eu-migrant-refugee-arrivals-land-and-sea-approach-one-million-2015 IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix reports that a total of 990,671 migrants and refugees have entered Europe in 2015 from Africa and the Middle East by a combination of irregular land and sea routes.

Migrant crisis: EU to prioritise new border force. BBC News [Online]. 18 December 2015.

Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35128747 The EU will move rapidly towards setting up a new joint border and coastguard force over the next six months, EU leaders have said.

Dutch Presidency to take over task of shaping EU's border force. EurActiv [Online]. 18 December 2015. Available from: http://www.euractiv.com/sections/global-europe/dutch-presidency-take-over-task-shaping-eus-border-force-320568 Unable to decide on establishing a "European Border and Coast Guard", EU leaders on Thursday (18 December) tasked the incoming Dutch Presidency to move forward with the divisive issue.

Irregular Migrant, Refugee Arrivals in Europe Top One Million in 2015: IOM. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/news/irregular-migrant-refugee-arrivals-europe-top-one-million-2015-iom IOM confirmed yesterday (21/12) that over a million irregular migrants and refugees arrived in Europe in 2015, mostly from Syria, Africa and South Asia.

Amver cruise ship Carnival Glory rescues 16 Cuban migrants. AMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue System [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from:

http://amveruscg.blogspot.co.uk/2015/12/video-available-amver-cruise-ship.html The Amver participating cruise ship Carnival Glory rescued 16 Cuban migrants after they were spotted in a homemade raft 99 miles south of Key West, Fla. on Friday, December 11, 2015.

Seven migrant children, six adults drown off Greek island. By Renee Maltezou. Reuters [Online]. 23 December 2015. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-greece-migrants-idUKKBN0U606720151223 Seven children, four men and two women drowned when a boat carrying migrants capsized off the tiny Greek island of Farmakonisi, coastguard officials said on Wednesday as a refugee exodus towards Europe continued despite winter cold.

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NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATIONS New Zealand, Australia Step to Forefront of New Satellite Search and Rescue System. By Juliet Van Wagenen. Via Satellite [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.satellitetoday.com/technology/2015/12/03/new-zealand-australia-step-to-forefront-of-new-satellite-search-and-rescue-system/ Plans to boost to the satellite Search and Rescue (SAR) system in New Zealand and Australia are well underway as a New Zealand-based, $7.2 million satellite ground station reached completion in November.

Opening the Canadian Arctic: Inuit worry about waning sea ice and rising ship traffic in the Northwest Passage. By Leyland Cecco. Aljazeera [Online]. 6 December 2015. Available from: http://projects.aljazeera.com/2015/12/nunavut-northwest-passage/ Following deeply between ice and rock, the waters of the high Canadian Arctic have been unforgiving for centuries to those who dreamed of a quicker trade route between Asia and Europe.

Caution on the unauthorised and incorrect use of ECDIS. The Shipowners' CLub [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.shipownersclub.com/caution-on-the-unauthorised-and-incorrect-use-of-ecdis/ With the advent of technology, the use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) is becoming increasingly popular.

The EU needs a two-tier approach towards the Arctic: a general policy for the Circumpolar Arctic and a concrete strategy for the European Arctic. By Adam Stepien. Arctic Institute [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.thearcticinstitute.org/2015/12/EU-needs-two-tier-approach-towards-the-arctic.html The new EU Arctic communication will probably be published in the first months of 2016.

Inmarsat honoured with satellite industry award. Inmarsat [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.inmarsat.com/news/inmarsat-honoured-with-satellite-industry-award-december/ Inmarsat is pleased to announce that it has been named as a winner at the first annual Better Satellite World Awards, organised by the Society of Satellite Professionals International (SSPI).

New Record for Social Media Usage at Sea. Maritime Executive [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/new-record-for-social-media-usage-at-sea Norwegian Cruise Line has claimed a social media record for the cruising industry with Norwegian Escape, the newest and largest of the line's 14-vessel fleet, experienced a record-breaking social media milestone during its inaugural celebrations in November.

PIRACY Somalia: Pirates Killed, Fishermen Free. Maritime Executive [Online]. 29 November 2015. Available from: http://maritime-executive.com/article/somalia-pirates-killed-fishermen-free A gun battle has occurred during the rescue of fishermen held by Somali pirates off the nation's coast.

Is Somali piracy on the rise again? By Mike Edey. Dryad Maritime [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.dryadmaritime.com/is-somali-piracy-on-the-rise-again/ On Saturday 28 November, an Iranian fishing vessel escaped from Somali pirates after a gun battle that claimed the lives of several pirates and injured some of the crew.

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Dispatches: Masked Men Continue to Attack Migrant Boats on the Aegean. By Bill Frelick. Human Rights Watch (HRW) [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/12/07/dispatches-masked-men-continue-attack-migrant-boats-aegean Two weeks ago, Human Rights Watch documented, in detail, attacks by masked men on boats with asylum seekers and migrants in the Aegean Sea.

Security Issues in the port of Nouadhibou - Mauritania. UK P&I Club [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://www.ukpandi.com/knowledge/article/1071-12-15-security-issues-in-the-port-of-nouadhibou-mauritania-134155/ The Association has been advised of a recent robbery incident at Nouadhibou, Mauritania.

Coast is clear: Pirates in retreat after Navy increases patrolling. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 21 December 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/coast-is-clear-pirates-in-retreat-after-navy-increases-patrolling/ The Western Naval Command (WNC), which is based in the city, says it has achieved a major success in combating pirates.

PORT STATE CONTROL Maritime Union concerned with reduction in ship inspections. Maritime Union of New Zealand [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.munz.org.nz/2015/12/16/maritime-union-concerned-with-reduction-in-ship-inspections/ The Maritime Union of New Zealand is concerned about the reduction in monitoring of international shipping by Maritime New Zealand, the Government agency responsible for ensuring a "safe, secure and clean" maritime environment.

Foreign flagged ships under detention in the UK during November 2015. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-flagged-ships-under-detention-in-the-uk-during-november-2015 During November, there were five new detentions of foreign flagged vessels in a UK port.

PORTS AND HARBOURS

Integrated security system in Port of Souda is fully operational. ICTS Hellas [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.icts.gr/en/2015/12/integrated-security-system-in-port-of-souda-is-fully-operational/ Integrated security system installed by ICTS Hellas in the Port of Souda has been in full operation as of November 24.

COP21: the road to Paris passes through the seaports. European Sea Ports Organization (ESPO) [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://goo.gl/FYcB1l Tackling global climate change is a concern of all European ports.

Port of Antwerp welcomes more and more "green" ships. Port of Antwerp [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.portofantwerp.com/en/news/port-antwerp-welcomes-more-and-more-%E2%80%9Cgreen%E2%80%9D-ships The number of environment-friendly seagoing ships calling at the port of Antwerp is increasing year by year, according to the results of the Environment Ship Index (ESI) introduced in Antwerp in 2011.

Sieren's China: Beijing builds African harbor for peace. By Frank Sieren. Deutsche Welle (DW) (Germany) [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.dw.com/en/sierenschina-beijing-builds-african-harbor-for-peace/a-18900871 For a long time, China's foreign policy was focused on economic relations.

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Thames set for major growth and improvement over the next two decades. Port of London Authority (PLA) [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.pla.co.uk/Thames-set-for-major-growth-and-improvement-over-the-next-two-decades The Thames Vision Goals and Priority Actions report sets out six Goals and 24 Priority Actions that need to be taken to achieve the goals.

New incentive for ships that bunker LNG in Rotterdam. Port of Rotterdam [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: https://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/news-and-press-releases/new-incentive-for-ships-that-bunker-lng-in-rotterdam Rotterdam is introducing an additional incentive to bunker LNG, liquefied natural gas.

Drewry: U.S. West Coast Unprepared for Mega Boxships. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 23 December 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/am/725124-drewry-us-west-coast-unprepared-for-mega-boxships Alongside news that the CMA CGM S.A. (CMA CGM) 18,000 TEU Benjamin Franklin will become the largest containership to call at any U.S. port upon its 26 December arrival in the Port of Los Angeles.

Outlook 2016: Every port in a storm. By Linton Nightingale. Lloyd's List [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ports-and-logistics/article476093.ece The impact of softening demand growth in global container trade is not confined to just the shipping lines.

RECYCLING OF SHIPS Special Report: Cleaning up shipbreaking the world's most dangerous job. IndustriALL Global Union [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.industriall-union.org/cleaning-up-ship-breaking-the-worlds-most-dangerous-job In an environment where there are often toxic chemicals, asbestos, and oil, workers use gas blowtorches and sledgehammers to dismantle the ship in a process that takes six to eight months, and up to a year for big tankers.

Enabling sustainable ship recycling. ABN AMRO Bank N.V [Online]. 3 December 2015.

Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bdRz5TdhFc Grieg Green offers ship owners an alternative to the controversial "beaching" method to demolish ships.

Two Indian Shipbreakers Become HKC-Compliant. World Maritime News [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/178851/two-indian-shipbreakers-become-hkc-compliant/ Ship recycling facilities in Gujarat, India, Shree Ram Vessel Scrap Pvt. Ltd and Leela Ship Recycling Pvt. Ltd have received Statement of Compliance from classification society ClassNK, verifying that the facilities are in line with the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009 (HKC).

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REGULATIONS Prepare for the winds of change from Paris. By Craig Eason. Lloyd's List [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article474192.ece While more regulations to curb shipping's CO2 emissions are inevitable, the timeframe and disruptive nature of them remain uncertain.

CLIA: EU's "Patchwork" Sulfur Rules Affecting Ships' Operational Efficiency. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/emea/156962-clia-eus-patchwork-sulfur-rules-affecting-ships-operational-efficiency The Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) says that inconsistent implementation of European Union (EU) legislation in European ports is negatively impacting operators' ability to optimise vessel performance, GP Wild notes in its latest International Cruise Market Monitor.

Cargo Tracking Note and the Anxiety at the Ports. By Francis Ugwoke. This Day Live (Nigeria) [Online]. 29 November 2015. Available from: http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/cargo-tracking-note-and-the-anxiety-at-the-ports/226610/ The advanced cargo information system, otherwise known as the Cargo Tracking Note (CTN) has in recent time become a subject of industry discourse.

Shedding some light on 2012 ballast water regulations. By Jodie Knox. US Coast Guard Maritime Commons [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://mariners.coastguard.dodlive.mil/2015/12/03/1232015-shedding-some-light-on-2012-ballast-water-regulations/ The Coast Guard has been delegated the authority to establish and enforce regulations designed to prevent the introduction and spread of Aquatic Nuisance Species, or ANS, in waters of the United States through the discharge of ballast water from vessels.

IMO's LNG Regulation: Decoding the IGF Code. By Unni Einemo. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/IMO-s-LNG-Regulation-Decoding-the-IGF-Code-140062 June 11, 2015 was great day for Turid Stemre.

Ballast water - U.S. Regulations compared to International Convention. By Jodie Knox. US Coast Guard Maritime Commons [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://mariners.coastguard.dodlive.mil/2015/12/04/1242015-ballast-water-u-s-regulations-compared-to-international-convention/ This is the third post in a six-part series of blogs on Maritime Commons to provide updates and information about the Coast Guard's ballast water regulations and implementation.

Russian oil spill in North Pacific calls attention to lack of regulations in Bering Strait. By Emily Russel. KTVA Alaska [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.ktva.com/russian-oil-spill-in-north-pacific-calls-attention-to-lack-of-regulations-in-bering-strait-549/ A Russian tanker, carrying 200,000 gallons of oil, ran aground off an island in the North Pacific last weekend.

Regulation, regulation, regulation. By Gary Howard. Lloyd's List [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article474880.ece There are two certainties in life: death and regulation. We are never shy of mangling a well-known idiom here at Lloyd's List, but it does seem that regulation is becoming ever more present in the world of shipping.

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Broad industry coalition offers clarity on new container weighing regulations. Global Shippers' Forum [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.globalshippersforum.com/NewsItem/Broad_industry_coalition_offers_clarity_on_new_container_weighing_regulations/ Today, the World Shipping Council (WSC), the TT Club, the International Cargo Handling Coordination Association (ICHCA), and the Global Shippers' Forum (GSF) jointly released a new Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document to address issues arising from the new container weighing regulations due to take effect globally on 1 July

2016. Verified gross mass industry FAQs

SAFETY WCO and Maersk line partner with University of Hawai'i to advance tsunami detection at

sea. World Ocean Council [Online]. 15 December 2015. Available from: http://goo.gl/cbcqhe

SEAFARERS Seafarers health highlighted in climate change debate. Nautilus International [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: https://www.nautilusint.org/en/what-we-say/nautilus-news/seafarers-health-highlighted-in-climate-change-debate/ Nautilus International has urged delegates at the United Nations climate change conference (COP21) to consider the harmful effects of NOx and SOx as well as that of CO2 when it considers the role of shipping in global warming.

Marine Institute overcharging for mandatory seafarer course, sailor says. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/seafarer-safety-price-marine-institute-1.3349329 A marine engineer from St. Brendan's is accusing the Marine Institute of trying to cash in on a mandatory emergency duties refresher course for seafarers.

Human Rights at Sea and International Bar Association launch initiative to capture maritime abuses with eyeWitness App. Human Rights at Sea (HRAS) [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: https://www.humanrightsatsea.org/press-release-human-rights-at-sea-international-bar-assosiation-launch-initiative-to-capture-maritime-abuses-with-eyewitness-app/ Developed by the International Bar Association (IBA), the App, through its unique capabilities will enable those working in the maritime environment to use Android smartphones and tablets to document crimes. HRAS eyeWitness landing page

Latest Seafarers Happiness Index - December 11, 2015. Crewtoo [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: https://www.crewtoo.com/maritime-news/latest-seafarers-happiness-index/ Crewtoo, the online social network for seafarers and a part of KVH Industries, Inc., (Nasdaq: KVHI), has published the results of its third Crewtoo Seafarers Happiness Index report.

Seafarer Welfare Centers Set High Expectations. By Jason Zuidema. Maritime Foundation [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/seafarer-welfare-centers-set-high-expectations December is a big month for seafarers' centers around North America.

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SEARCH AND RESCUE Mass Rescue in Shanghai. International Maritime Rescue Federation [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.international-maritime-rescue.org/10-news/1789-mass-rescue-in-shanghai On 1-3 December 2015 60 delegates from some 15 countries gathered at Shanghai Maritime University for a mass rescue operations (MRO) training course and 'tabletop' discussion exercise organised by IMRF's Asia-Pacific Regional Centre (APRC).

SHIPPING Why shipping is a third-world industry. By Andrew Craig-Bennett. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/why-shipping-is-a-third-world-industry/ You may recall a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen in which a young and vain emperor is persuaded into buying from two confidence tricksters a suit of clothes that are "invisible to anyone who is unfit for their position or just hopelessly stupid".

Opportunities for Shipping from Decarbonisation Through Windpower. By Joseph R. Fonseca. MarineLink.Com [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.marinelink.com/news/decarbonisation-windpower401489.aspx As the interconnector of global trade shipping facilitates every other part of the economy, and decision making around low-carbon pathways in other transport modes and industries will both influence and constrain decarbonisation in shipping.

Marintec China 2015 puts the spotlight on the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. By Marcus Hand. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/asia/marintec-china-2015-puts-the-spotlight-on-the-21st-century-maritime-silk-road.html This week sees a good portion of the shipping world descending on Shanghai for Asia's largest maritime event Marintec China 2015.

Jamaica's maritime industry to benefit from UK aid. Jamaica Observer [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/Jamaica-s-maritime-industry-to-benefit-from-UK-aid_19241172 JAMAICA is among 25 small island Commonwealth nations that will get a share of a £5.6-million donation from Britain to help improve fishing, tourism and shipping industries in the Caribbean and other territories.

Shipping Industry Supports Global Climate Change Deal and is Committed to Ambitious CO2 Reduction Led by IMO . International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://goo.gl/oL0DZH The global shipping industry, represented at the United Nations Conference in Paris by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), fully supports a global deal on climate change.

Infographic: Mega-Ship and Alliance Challenges. Port Technology International [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: https://www.porttechnology.org/news/infographic_mega_ship_and_alliance_challenges An infographic released by Drewry Shipping Consultants shows the bigger picture of the impacts that big ships and big alliances are having on the global port and terminal industry.

BIMCO sees big role for scrubbers. Bunkerworld [Online]. 30 November 2015. Available from: http://www.bunkerworld.com/news/140016 The global 0.50% sulphur cap on marine fuels could make heavy fuel oil (HFO) extremely cheap, according to Lars Robert Pedersen, Deputy Secretary General of the global shipping organisation BIMCO.

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Documentary Committee signs off new LNG and shipbuilding supervision contracts. Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) [Online]. 27 November 2015. Available from: https://www.bimco.org/en/News/2015/11/27_Documentary_Committee_meets_in_Hamburg.aspx The twice yearly meeting of BIMCO's Documentary Committee took place in Hamburg on 19 November.

$50bn Nicaragua canal postponed as Chinese tycoon's fortunes falter. By Jonathan Watts. The Guardian [Online]. 27 November 2015. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/27/nicaragua-canal-postponed-chinese-tycoon The world's biggest canal project - a $50bn interoceanic canal through Nicaragua - has been delayed, following an environmental report and a collapse in the fortunes of the Chinese businessman behind the company that planned to build it.

Opportunities, challenges and threats ahead for shipping in a changing landscape: DNV GL. By Lee Hong Liang. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/americas/opportunities-challenges-and-threats-ahead-for-shipping-in-a-changing-landscape-dnv-gl.html The global shipping market can expect to go through a changing landscape ahead in the way that the industry operates in view of the constant technological breakthroughs and innovation, according to Tor Svensen, group executive vice president of DNV GL.

COP21: Problems and opportunities for shipping. By Katherine Harine. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/cop21-problems-and-opportunities-for-shipping/ The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP21, underway now could have an effect on the shipping industry for years.

Whittled down to size. By Sam Chambers. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/whittled-down-to-size/ China's shipbuilding scene has contracted dramatically in 2015.

Cansi lists 'five problems' for China's shipbuilders to overcome. By Lee Hong Liang. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/asia/cansi-lists-five-problems-for-chinas-shipbuilders-to-overcome.html China's shipbuilding sector will need to reverse five major problems if it wants to emerge from the current recessionary state, according to Jin Peng, secretary general of China Association of the National Shipbuilding Industry (Cansi).

Shipping messages vie for attention at Paris climate talks. By Unni Einemo. Bunkerworld [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.bunkerworld.com/news/140030 The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) was in Paris this Tuesday to tell the United Nations 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21) negotiators that shipping "fully supports a global deal on climate change" as long as regulation of the sector continues to be led by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

More than two dozen charterers admit they reject poor performance tonnage. By Craig Eason. Lloyd's List [Online]. 1 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article474589.ece Large shippers and charterers have admitted they use a controversial ship efficiency tool to reject poorly performing vessels with high carbon dioxide emissions.

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Environmental Ship Index animation. Port of Rotterdam [Online]. 4 December 2015.

Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbNw2tgoL7s On 4 December the International Association for Ports and Harbors (IAPH) will present the results of five years of the Environmental Ship Index in Paris, at an event associated with COP21, the Climate Summit of the United Nations.

Carbon emitters in air and on sea could weaken Paris climate deal. By Benedict Moran. Aljazeera [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/12/3/carbon-emitters-air-sea-could-weaken-climate-deal.html Together, the international aviation and shipping industries make up more than 5 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions.

As Nigeria's Prospect in Shipping Rises. This Day Live (Nigeria) [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/as-nigeria-s-prospect-in-shipping-rises/227005/ Shipping remains one of the most lucrative ventures across the globe.

Live From Marintec China 2015. By Lee Hong Liang. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 2 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/asia/china-shipping-pledges-commitment-to-green-shipping.html State-owned China Shipping (Group) Company (CSG) has pledged its commitment to staying on the 'green course' and reform its business to being an environmentally-friendly shipowner.

Dry bulk will face serious crunch if future carbon tax is imposed. By Nidda Bakhsh. Lloyd's List [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article474814.ece Dry bulk owners will face an even steeper crunch if, following the Paris climate talks and talks at the International Maritime Organization, politicians decide to impose a future carbon tax on shipping before the markets recover.

CMA CGM cements world shipping status with $2.4 bln NOL deal. By Saeed Azhar, Rujun Shen, and Gus Trompiz. Reuters [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-nol-m-a-cma-cgm-offer-idUSKBN0TQ0EF20151207 French container shipping giant CMA CGM is to buy Singapore's Neptune Orient Lines (NEPS.SI) for $2.4 billion, making its biggest-ever acquisition to help it to ride out a severe market downturn.

New Shipping Container Rule Riles Exporters. By Loretta Chao. Wall Street Journal [Online]. 4 December 2015. Available from: http://www.wsj.com/articles/new-shipping-container-rule-riles-exporters-1449243222 Retailers, manufacturers and farmers world-wide are protesting a new marine shipping safety rule they say will raise transport costs and cause delays at ports worldwide.

Analysis… The shipowners' perspective. By Dimitrios Banas. Pan European Networks [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.paneuropeannetworks.com/maritime/analysis-the-shipowners-perspective/ Shipping is one of those industries that, although essential to global trade and hence vital to our daily lives, is less prominent than its role would suggest.

Building Greener Ships, to Keep the Sea From Rising. By Henry Fountain. New York Times [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/08/science/carbon-emissions-shipping-container-ships.html?_r=0 With its cavernous cargo holds and gleaming white superstructure, the 730-foot Perla del Caribe, which is nearing completion at a shipyard here, looks like any midsize container ship.

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9 Reasons 2015 Was a Green Year in Shipping. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/9-reasons-2015-was-a-green-year-in-shipping/ We live in an increasingly Globalized society where exchange of goods and services is easy, affordable and fast.

Maersk Line towards greater transparency and efficiency in ship management. By Alexandra Jane Oliver. DNV GL [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: https://www.dnvgl.com/software/feature-articles/maersk-line-towards-greater-transparency-and-efficiency-in-ship-management.html Maersk Line has placed the largest ever order for DNV GL's ShipManager software and is implementing it at a very ambitious rate.

Analysis: Is Shipping in Double Dip Danger? Port Technology International [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: https://goo.gl/lrcN9c Drewry Maritime Research asks: will carriers repeat the same tactics that saved them in 2009, or will they wait until things reach boiling point, as the risk of a double dip recession rears its head?

Lord Mayor of London: Shipbroker takes the reins. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/lord-mayor-of-london-shipbroker-takes-the-reins/ London has changed a lot in the 43 years from when Lord Jeffrey Mountevans first began working in the City until his election as Lord Mayor of the Corporation of the City of London in November.

A port for unwanted ships. By Michael Grey. Seatrade Maritime News [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/americas/a-port-for-unwanted-ships.html There is an unspoken rule in shipping that a terrible market and declining values, which will be a disaster for some, will mark an opportunity for others.

Interview: Insufficient Finances Blocking Development of LNG Bunkering. World Maritime News [Online]. 8 December 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/178267/interview-insufficient-finances-blocking-development-of-lng-bunkering-infrastructure/ The LNG shipping market has been faced with lower rates amid growing LNG carrier fleet, a drop in liquid fuel prices and a lower demand for LNG in Asian markets.

How to mitigate legal risks when purchasing bunkers - lessons learned from the OW Bunker collapse. Swedish Club [Online]. 7 December 2015. Available from: http://www.swedishclub.com/main.php?mcid=1&mid=109&pid=19&newsid=1576 About a year has passed since OW Bunker & Trading A/S filed for bankruptcy.

Maritime Transportation: Implications of Using U.S. Liquefied-Natural-Gas Carriers for Exports. US Government Accountability Office (GAO) [Online]. 3 December 2015. Available from: http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-104 According to Department of Energy (DOE) and industry expectations, in the next few years the United States is expected to change from a net importer of natural gas to a net exporter, with those exports destined for different

regions of the world, especially Asia. Report

Global Shipping Industry Will Support Further CO2 Reduction Measures at IMO, Regardless of Final Outcome of Paris Conference. International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://goo.gl/HbSmlk The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), which has represented global ship operators throughout the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, has commented on the latest draft UNFCCC text which - although still not finalised - currently contains no explicit reference to international shipping (or aviation).

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WMU and Maersk Line Join Forces on Maritime Business Integrity and Corruption Awareness. World Maritime University [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.wmu.se/news/wmu-and-maersk-line-join-forces-maritime-business-integrity-and-corruption-awareness "We are delighted to mark the United Nations' International Anti-Corruption Day today by announcing a new initiative, which harnesses the expertise of both the World Maritime University and Maersk Line to raise awareness of corruption," says WMU's President, Dr Cleopatra Doumbia-Henry.

DFA: In spite of West PHL sea row, Filipino-Chinese ties remain fruitful. By Dominic I. Sanchez. Philippine Information Agency [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://news.pia.gov.ph/article/view/2651449624506/dfa-in-spite-of-west-phl-sea-row-filipino-chinese-ties-remain-fruitful A senior official of the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) recently told representatives coming from different sectors here that in spite of the West Philippine Sea dispute, the country's relationship with China has always been fruitful.

100 years of BP Shipping: a timeline. By Eva Grey. Ship-Technology.Com [Online]. 9 December 2015. Available from: http://www.ship-technology.com/features/feature100-years-of-bp-shipping-a-timeline-4636630/ A look back at BP Shipping's century-long history provides a fascinating insight into how the company survived, and indeed thrived, throughout some of the most challenging events that shaped our past.

Climate Change and International Shipping: Interview with Michael Traut, Researcher, Tyndall Centre for Climate Research. Responding to Climate Change (RTCC) [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://climatechange-tv.rtcc.org/2015/12/10/michael-traut-

university-of-manchester/ The role of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Research at COP21 is to represent their research which covers a lot of the questions that are being debated politically, from a science point of view.

China approves shipping giants' merger. Xinhuanet (China) [Online]. 11 December 2015. Available from: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-12/11/c_134907868.htm China's cabinet has approved the merger of the country's top two shipping conglomerates.

Singapore and Indonesia Maritime Authorities Mark Ten Years of Co-operation on Human Resources Development of Government Officers. Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) [Online]. 10 December 2015. Available from: http://www.mpa.gov.sg/sites/global_navigation/news_center/mpa_news/mpa_news_detail.page?filename=nr151211.xml The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) and the Directorate General of Sea Transportation (DGST), Ministry of Transportation, Republic of Indonesia, today signed an extension to the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) concerning the Co-operation on Human Resources Development of the Government Officers in the Maritime Field.

Global Shipping Industry Welcomes 'Paris Agreement'. International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.ics-shipping.org/news/press-releases/2015/12/14/global-shipping-industry-welcomes-paris-agreement- The global shipping industry, represented by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) throughout the United Nations Climate Change Conference, greatly welcomes the 'Paris Agreement', adopted unanimously on 12 December by 195 nations.

Norwegian owners reflagging ships back home. By Hans Thaulow. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/norwegian-owners-reflagging-ships-back-home/ Norwegian shipowners say they want to reflag home some of their ships as the government softens rules for its secondary ship register.

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Authority moves to streamline maritime industry. Marasi News (UAE) [Online]. 14 December 2015. Available from: http://www.marasinews.com/insurance/authority-moves-streamline-maritime-industry Maritime transport will be managed under the same umbrella in the country for convenient management and reaping commercial profits out of it, said the Minister of Public Works and the Chairman of the Federal Authority (FDA) for Land and Maritime Transport, Dr Mohammed Belhaif Al Nuaimi.

Government response to maritime growth study. UK Department for Transport [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/government-response-to-maritime-growth-study In November 2014, the Department for Transport launched a comprehensive study, chaired by Lord Jeffrey Mountevans, now Lord Mayor of the City of London, into maintaining the UK's status as a world-leading maritime centre. Maritime

Growth Study

This year's 100 most influential people in shipping revealed. By Richard Meade. Lloyd's List [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/finance/article475723.ece

The race to be an international maritime centre. By Sam Chambers. Splash 24/7 [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/the-race-to-be-an-international-maritime-centre/ There's been a raft of surveys of late detailing which is the greatest international maritime centre (IMC) in the world.

Paris accords could rebound on shipping. By Nick Jameson. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 16 December 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/Paris-accords-could-rebound-on-shipping-140215 The parent company of Maersk - the world's biggest container shipping line - has warned that the Paris climate-change accords are not a triumph for the shipping sector.

Russia's sanctions on Turkey have minimal impact on shipping, for now. By Nidaa Bakhsh. Lloyd's List [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article475271.ece Sanctions on some goods from Turkey to Russia will not have much of an impact on shipping just yet as other outlets may absorb the volumes.

Data Hub: World Fleet Update. By James Baker. Lloyd's List [Online]. 17 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/containers/article475974.ece The growth rate of the world cellular fleet slowed in November, with only five vessels being added to the total number of ships on the water, according to Lloyd's List Intelligence.

Not younger than 18 years, unless... Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) [Online]. 18 December 2015. Available from: https://www.bimco.org/Reports/Market_Analysis/2015/1218_DemoAndSubsidy.aspx International dry bulk shipowners seem only to scrap ships aged 18 years or older.

China's One Belt, One Road project could aid recovery in global shipping. By Wei Zhe Tan. Lloyd's List [Online]. 22 December 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ports-and-logistics/article476343.ece Maersk Group North Asia representative and Maersk China chairman Tim Smith sees the One Belt, One Road initiative as a thankfully positive development in a decidedly grim season for container shipping.

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Ministry of Shipping of Republic of India: New Opportunities Unveiled in Shipping Sector. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 31 December 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/ministry-of-shipping-of-republic-of-india-new-opportunities-unveiled-in-shipping-sector/ The Ministry of Shipping has taken many proactive and progressive interventions in the areas of ship building, port development, inland waterways and coastal shipping this year for the development of the maritime sector in the country.

InterManager President's New Year message: Looking back, staying the course, challenging the norms. InterManager [Online]. 30 December 2015. Available from: http://www.intermanager.org/2015/12/intermanager-presidents-new-year-message-looking-back-staying-the-course-challenging-the-norms/ As 2015 draws to a close, we pause to reflect on the past 12 months which have certainly been interesting, challenging and at times confusing in terms of the signals that the global market place has been sending out.

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RESEARCH Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping: Is it time to consider market-based measures? By Y. Shi. Marine Policy. [Online]. (2016). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X15003541 International shipping carries around 80 per cent of global trade by volume and over 70 per cent by value. However, there is concern that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international shipping lead to adverse effects on climate, human health and marine ecosystems.

Maritime piracy confrontations across the globe: Can crew action shape the outcomes? By J. S. Lewis. Marine Policy. [Online]. (2016). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X15003358 The recent tightening of military budget constraints has called into question the feasibility of costly multilateral naval intervention used to combat maritime piracy off the eastern coast of Africa.

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maritimeknowledgecentre@imo.org About the cover The CAB Cover is a photograph of the international memorial to the world’s seafarers, past, present and future which graces the entrance to IMO Headquarters in London. The memorial, a seven-metre high, ten-tonne bronze representation of the bow of a cargo ship with a lone seafarer on the deck, is the work of internationally renowned British sculptor Michael Sandle.