nky;epiy ,uz;lhk; mz;lnky;epiy ,uz;lhk; mz;l capupay ... · 1 nky;epiy ,uz;lhk; mz;lnky;epiy...

1

Nky;epiy ,uz;lhk; Mz;LNky;epiy ,uz;lhk; Mz;LNky;epiy ,uz;lhk; Mz;LNky;epiy ,uz;lhk; Mz;L

capupay;capupay;capupay;capupay;----jhtutpay; jhtutpay; jhtutpay; jhtutpay; ---- +2 A

jhtutpay; jhtutpay; jhtutpay; jhtutpay; - +2 B

xU kjpg;ngz; - tpdh – tpil

midj;Jg; ghlq;fspd; mwptpayhu; gl;baymidj;Jg; ghlq;fspd; mwptpayhu; gl;baymidj;Jg; ghlq;fspd; mwptpayhu; gl;baymidj;Jg; ghlq;fspd; mwptpayhu; gl;bay;

1111.... ,U nrhw; ngaupL Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; ♣ fh];gu;L gh`pd; fh];gu;L gh`pd; fh];gu;L gh`pd; fh];gu;L gh`pd; ---- 1623162316231623

2222.... ];gP]p]; gpshz;lhuk; vd;w E}iy ntspapl;ltu;

♣ fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; ---- 1753 (];tPld;)1753 (];tPld;)1753 (];tPld;)1753 (];tPld;)

3333.... tpijj; jhtuq;fspd; ,aw;if tifg;ghl;bid njhFj;jtu;fs;

♣ [pahu;[; nge;jk; [pahu;[; nge;jk; [pahu;[; nge;jk; [pahu;[; nge;jk; ---- 1800 1800 1800 1800 ---- 1884 1884 1884 1884

♣ ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ---- 1911191119111911

4444.... n[dpuh gpshz;lhuk; vd;w E}iy vOjpatu;fs;

♣ [pahu;[; nge;jk; [pahu;[; nge;jk; [pahu;[; nge;jk; [pahu;[; nge;jk; ---- 1111800 800 800 800 ---- 1884 1884 1884 1884 ♣ ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ru;N[hg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; 1817 ----

1911191119111911

5555.... kuG toptifghl;bid ~~ ilNer;ru;ypf;fd; /gpshd;]d; /ghkpypad;|| vd;w

E}ypid ntspapl;ltu;fs;

♣ mlhy;g; vq;su; 1844mlhy;g; vq;su; 1844mlhy;g; vq;su; 1844mlhy;g; vq;su; 1844----1930 1930 1930 1930 ♣ fhu;y; gpuhz;ly; 1849 fhu;y; gpuhz;ly; 1849 fhu;y; gpuhz;ly; 1849 fhu;y; gpuhz;ly; 1849 ---- 1893189318931893

6666.... jhtuj;jpd; jpRj;njhFg;Gfis %d;W tiffshfg; gpupj;jtu; ♣ rhf;]; 1875rhf;]; 1875rhf;]; 1875rhf;]; 1875

7777.... ~~~~vd;irk;| vd;w nrhy;iy Kjd;Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpatu; ♣ Fd; Fd; Fd; Fd; ---- 1878187818781878

8888.... bNuhNrhgpy;yhtpy; ckpo;ePu; Rug;gpfspy; ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;fis

Kjd;Kjyhf fz;lwpe;jtu; ♣ C....G. ghy;gpahzp . ghy;gpahzp . ghy;gpahzp . ghy;gpahzp ---- 1881188118811881

9999.... tpsf;F J}upif FNuhNkhNrhik Kjd;Kjyhf fz;lwpe;jtu; /gpskpq; /gpskpq; /gpskpq; /gpskpq; ----

1882188218821882

10101010.... ~~FNuhNkhNrhk;|| vd;w ngaiu mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; ♣ thy;Nlau; thy;Nlau; thy;Nlau; thy;Nlau; ---- 1888188818881888

11111111.... <];l; nry;fspypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l rhW capUs;s <];l; nry;fisg; NghyNt

jpuhl;ir urj;jpy; nehjpj;jiy Vw;gLj;j Kbtij fz;lwpe;jtu; Gd;ru; Gd;ru; Gd;ru; Gd;ru; ----

1897189718971897

12121212.... ntt;NtW jpRf;fspypUe;J gpupj;njLj;j jdpj;jdpahd jhtur;nry;fis

ntw;wpfukhf tsu;j;jtu; ♣ G. N`gu;Nyz;l; . N`gu;Nyz;l; . N`gu;Nyz;l; . N`gu;Nyz;l; ---- 1898 (n[u;kd;)1898 (n[u;kd;)1898 (n[u;kd;)1898 (n[u;kd;)

13131313.... jpBu; khw;wj;ij Kjd;Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jtu; ♣ `pA+Nfh Bt;up]; `pA+Nfh Bt;up]; `pA+Nfh Bt;up]; `pA+Nfh Bt;up]; ---- 1901190119011901

14141414.... fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fhuzptpjpia ntspapl;ltu; ♣ gpshf;Nkd; gpshf;Nkd; gpshf;Nkd; gpshf;Nkd; ----1905190519051905

2

15151515.... nkz;lypd; ,Ugz;G fyg;G Ma;T KbTfis cWjpnra;a Ma;Tfis

Nkw;nfhz;ltu;fs; ♣ tpy;ypak; Ngl;rd; tpy;ypak; Ngl;rd; tpy;ypak; Ngl;rd; tpy;ypak; Ngl;rd;

♣ nu[pdhy;L Gd;dl; 1906nu[pdhy;L Gd;dl; 1906nu[pdhy;L Gd;dl; 1906nu[pdhy;L Gd;dl; 1906

16161616.... ~~~~[Pd;| vd;w nrhy;iy mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; ♣ W. N[h`hd;rd; 1909. N[h`hd;rd; 1909. N[h`hd;rd; 1909. N[h`hd;rd; 1909

17171717.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; [Pd;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd vd;gij Kjy; Kjypy;

cWjpnra;jtu; ♣ gpupl;[]; gpupl;[]; gpupl;[]; gpupl;[]; ---- 1916191619161916

18181818.... ~~ntu;diyNr\d;|| vd;Dk; thu;j;ijia mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu;

♣ T.D iynrd;Nfh iynrd;Nfh iynrd;Nfh iynrd;Nfh ---- 1920192019201920

19191919.... ~~bg;Nshfhf;f]; epNkhdpNa|| vd;Dk; ghf;Bupahtpy; DNA tpd; gq;F gw;wp

Ma;Tfs; nra;jtu; ♣ gpulupf; fpup / gpj; gpulupf; fpup / gpj; gpulupf; fpup / gpj; gpulupf; fpup / gpj; ---- 1928192819281928

20202020.... Ie;jhtJ jhtutpay; $l;lk; Nfk;gpupl;[; (,q;fpyhe;J) vd;Dkplj;jpy; ele;j

tUlk; ♣ 1930193019301930

21212121.... ngd;Nlh]; gh];Ngl; topj;jlk; (m) n`f;Nrh]; khNdhgh];Ngl; topj;jlk;

(m) Neub Mf;rp[Ndw;w topj;jlj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; ♣ bf;fd;]; bf;fd;]; bf;fd;]; bf;fd;]; ---- 1938193819381938

22222222.... gupNrhjid tifg;ghl;baiy Gof;fj;jpw;F nfhz;Lte;jtu;fs;

♣ Nfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yp Nfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yp Nfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yp Nfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yp ---- 1943194319431943

23232323.... DNA tpy; cs;s fhuq;fspd; msitf; Fwpj;j tpjpKiwfSf;fhd

fUj;Jfis ntspapl;ltu; ♣ vu;tpd; rhu;fhg; vu;tpd; rhu;fhg; vu;tpd; rhu;fhg; vu;tpd; rhu;fhg; ---- 1949194919491949

24242424.... DNA ,ul;il RUs; khjpupia ntspapl;ltu;fs;

♣ N[k;]; thl;rd;N[k;]; thl;rd;N[k;]; thl;rd;N[k;]; thl;rd; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; ---- 1953195319531953

25252525.... irl;Nlhifdpd; (ifdbd;) n`h;upq; kPd; tifapypUe;J gpupj;njLj;jtu;fs;.

♣ kpy;yu; ];$[;kpy;yu; ];$[;kpy;yu; ];$[;kpy;yu; ];$[;

26262626.... [Pd;fs; gytifahd nehjpfspd; cw;gj;jpw;fhd nra;jpiar;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gij ahuhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ?

♣ gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; ---- 1958195819581958

27272727.... xU [Pd; xU nehjp Nfhl;ghL (m) xU [Pd; xU ghypngg;ilL

Nfhl;ghl;Lf;fhd Nehngy; guprpidg; ngw;wtu;fs; ♣ gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; ----

1958195819581958

28282828.... jhtuq;fspy; kyu;jiyj;J}z;Lk; xsp <u;g;Gg; nghUshd igl;NlhFNuhikf;

fz;Lgpbj;jtu; ♣ gl;yu; gl;yu; gl;yu; gl;yu; ---- 1959195919591959

29292929.... tRNA Fshtu; ,iy tbt khjpupia ntspapl;ltu; ♣ R.W N`hyp N`hyp N`hyp N`hyp ---- 1965196519651965

30303030.... jdpnry; Gujk; vd;w nrhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L ♣ 1966196619661966

31313131.... 12tJ mfpy cyf jhtutpay; $l;lk; ve;j ,lj;jpy; $baJ?

♣ [Piy 1975 nydpd; fpuhl (Nrhtpaj; u[Piy 1975 nydpd; fpuhl (Nrhtpaj; u[Piy 1975 nydpd; fpuhl (Nrhtpaj; u[Piy 1975 nydpd; fpuhl (Nrhtpaj; u\\\\;;ah);;ah);;ah);;ah)

32323232.... mfpy cyf jhtutpay; ngau; #l;Lr;rl;lk; eilKiwf;F te;j Mz;L♣ 1978197819781978

3

33333333.... Kjd;Kjyhf ~~#NlhNkhdh]; G+blh|| vd;Dk; ghf;Bupah ufj;ij

cUthf;fpatu; ♣ Mde;jNkhfd; rf;futu;j;jp Mde;jNkhfd; rf;futu;j;jp Mde;jNkhfd; rf;futu;j;jp Mde;jNkhfd; rf;futu;j;jp ---- 1979197919791979

34343434.... ,e;jpahtpy; kPijy; INrh raNdl; (MIC) cw;gj;jp vg;NghJ Jtf;fg;gl;lJ?

♣ 1980198019801980

35353535.... Nghghy; mty epfo;r;rp ele;j tUlk;. ♣ 1984 1984 1984 1984 brk;gu; 2 kw;Wk; 3brk;gu; 2 kw;Wk; 3brk;gu; 2 kw;Wk; 3brk;gu; 2 kw;Wk; 3

36363636.... nraw;if Kiw jhtu tifg;ghl;bid epwtpatu;. ♣ fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];

37373737.... ~~ rpw;wpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk; || vd;w E}ypid vOjpatu; . ♣ rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;

38383838.... ,Unrhw;ngaupL Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpatu;. ♣ fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];

39393939.... ,Unrhw;ngaupL Kiwia ~~];gPr]; gpshz;lhuk; || vd;Dk; E}ypy; rupahd

Kiwapy; ifahz;ltu; ♣ fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];

40404040.... mfj;Njhy; nry;fspy; Mur;RtupYk;> fpilkl;l RtupYk; cs;s jbg;Gfisf;

(fh];ghupd; gl;ilfs;) fz;lwpe;jtu; ♣ fh];ghNufh];ghNufh];ghNufh];ghNu

41414141.... [Pd;fSf;Fk;> nehjpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhlu;ig fz;lwpe;jtu;fs;.

♣ gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;.gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;.gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;.gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;.

42424242.... jpBu; khw;wq;fis ~~];Nghu;l;];|| (,aw;ifapd; tpisahl;L) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;ltu;.

♣ rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;

43434343.... jpBu; khw;wk; vd;gJ njhlu;r;rpaw;w khw;wk; vdf; fUjpatu;. ♣ Ngl;rd;Ngl;rd;Ngl;rd;Ngl;rd;

44444444.... DNA it X- fjpu;fisf; nfhz;L Ma;T nra;J Gifg;glk; vLj;jtu;fs;.

♣ tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;

45454545.... DNA ,ul;bg;ghjy; Kiwia ~~ghjp goikKiw || vdf;Fwpg;gpl;ltu;fs;.

♣ thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;

46464646.... thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf; $wpa ghjp goik DNA ,ul;bg;G Kiw rupahdJ vd

cWjpg; gLj;jpatu;fs; ♣ kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;

47474747.... 1934 ypUe;J 1939 fhy ,ilntspapy; jpR tsu;g;G nray; El;gj;jpw;F

mbj;jskpl;ltu;fs; ♣ fhj;nul;> xapl;> Nehg;Nfhul;fhj;nul;> xapl;> Nehg;Nfhul;fhj;nul;> xapl;> Nehg;Nfhul;fhj;nul;> xapl;> Nehg;Nfhul;

48484848.... 1960k; Mz;L njhlf;fj;jpy; nraw;if Kiwapy; Ma;tfj;jpy; jhtunry;fs;

jpRf;fs; kw;Wk; cWg;Gfs; tsu;f;Fk; Kiwia njhlq;fpa nly;yp

gy;fiyf;fof jhtutpay; epGzu;fs;.

♣ Nguhrpupau; Nguhrpupau; Nguhrpupau; Nguhrpupau; P. kNf];tup kNf];tup kNf];tup kNf];tup ♣Nguhrpupau; Nguhrpupau; Nguhrpupau; Nguhrpupau; S. ehuhazRthkp. ehuhazRthkp. ehuhazRthkp. ehuhazRthkp

49494949.... kJtpy; nehjpj;jiy Vw;gLj;Jk; jpwid <];l;Nghd;w rpy Ez;Zapu;fisf;

nfhz;bug;gijf; fz;lwpe;jtu;. ♣ gh];l;ru;gh];l;ru;gh];l;ru;gh];l;ru;

50505050.... ~irNk];| vd;w nrhy;iy Kjd;Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpatu; ahu;? ♣ Gr;du;Gr;du;Gr;du;Gr;du;

51515151.... nehjpapd; ~~G+l;L rhtpf;Nfhl;ghl;bid|| jUtpj;jtu;. ♣ /gp/gp/gp/gp\\\\;;;;\\\\u;u;u;u;

52525252.... nehjpapd; ~~J}z;lg;gl;l nghUj;jf; Nfhl;ghl;bid || nrhy;ypatu;

NfhNfhNfhNfh\\\\;yhz;l;;yhz;l;;yhz;l;;yhz;l;

53535353.... ,Us; tpidfisf; fz;lwpe;jtu; ♣ nky;tpd; nky;tpd; nky;tpd; nky;tpd; fhy;tpd;fhy;tpd;fhy;tpd;fhy;tpd;

4

54545454.... C4 topj;jlj;ij fz;lwpe;jtu;. ♣ N`l;r; kw;Wk; ];yhf;N`l;r; kw;Wk; ];yhf;N`l;r; kw;Wk; ];yhf;N`l;r; kw;Wk; ];yhf;

55555555.... fpisf;fhyprp]; epfo;r;rpia fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fs;.

♣ vk;ld;> Nkau;̀ hg; kw;Wk; ghu;dh];vk;ld;> Nkau;̀ hg; kw;Wk; ghu;dh];vk;ld;> Nkau;̀ hg; kw;Wk; ghu;dh];vk;ld;> Nkau;̀ hg; kw;Wk; ghu;dh];

56565656.... rpl;upf; mkpy Row;rp (m) l;iufhu;ghf;rpypf; mkpy Row;rp (TCA)

fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fs;. ♣ ru; N`d;];ru; N`d;];ru; N`d;];ru; N`d;]; mlhy;g; fpug;];mlhy;g; fpug;];mlhy;g; fpug;];mlhy;g; fpug;];

57575757.... [pg;uypid Kjd;Kjyhff; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; . ♣ FUNrhth FUNrhth FUNrhth FUNrhth ---- ([g;ghd;)([g;ghd;)([g;ghd;)([g;ghd;)

58585858.... vy;yhj; jhtuq;fSf;Fk;> G+j;jYf;F xNu khjpupahd xsp kw;Wk; ,Ul;fhy

msTfs; Njitg;gLtjpy;iy vdf; $wpatu;fs; ♣ fhu;du; kw;W; Myhu;Lfhu;du; kw;W; Myhu;Lfhu;du; kw;W; Myhu;Lfhu;du; kw;W; Myhu;L

59595959.... ngl;Nuhypa vz;nziar; rpijj;J mfw;Wk; #NlhNkhdh]; ghf;Bupaj;ijf;

fz;Lgpbj;jtu; ♣rf;uguj;jprf;uguj;jprf;uguj;jprf;uguj;jp

60606060.... kuG top tifg;ghl;il cUthf;fpatu;fs;. ♣ vq;su; kw;Wk; g;uhz;ly;vq;su; kw;Wk; g;uhz;ly;vq;su; kw;Wk; g;uhz;ly;vq;su; kw;Wk; g;uhz;ly;

61616161.... vk;.v]; tsu;g;G Clfj;ij cUthf;fpatu;fs;. ♣ KuhKuhKuhKuh\\\\pfp kw;Wk; ];$f;.pfp kw;Wk; ];$f;.pfp kw;Wk; ];$f;.pfp kw;Wk; ];$f;.

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ----1 MQ;rpNah];nguk;fspd; tifg;ghL1 MQ;rpNah];nguk;fspd; tifg;ghL1 MQ;rpNah];nguk;fspd; tifg;ghL1 MQ;rpNah];nguk;fspd; tifg;ghL

A = 3x1=3

B =7X1=7

1111.... nraw;ifKiw jhtu tifg;ghl;bid epWtpatu; - ];tPld; jhtutpayhu;];tPld; jhtutpayhu;];tPld; jhtutpayhu;];tPld; jhtutpayhu;

2222.... ,Unrhw;ngaupL Kiwia mwpKg;gLj;jpatu; - fh];gu;L gh`pd; (1623)fh];gu;L gh`pd; (1623)fh];gu;L gh`pd; (1623)fh];gu;L gh`pd; (1623)

3333.... XuiwAila kfue;jigf; fhzg;gLk; FLk;gk; - khy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrp

4444.... totog;ghd kpA+rpNy[; jputk; fhzg;gLk; FLk;gk; - khy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrp

5555.... mfhypgh ,d;bfh jhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; kQ;rup - Nfl;fpd;Nfl;fpd;Nfl;fpd;Nfl;fpd;

6666.... ghk;Gf;fbf;Fk; njhONeha;f;Fk; kUe;jhfg; gad;gLk; ,iyfs; kw;Wk;

Ntu;fis cila A+/Nghu;gpNarp FLk;gj;jhtuk; -

[hl;Nuhgh fh]pg;gpNghypah[hl;Nuhgh fh]pg;gpNghypah[hl;Nuhgh fh]pg;gpNghypah[hl;Nuhgh fh]pg;gpNghypah

7777.... fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; tifg;ghl;by; cs;s tFg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if - 24242424

8888.... #yf Nky;kyu; kw;Wk; ,uz;L #ypiyfisAila kyu;fisf; nfhz;l

jhtuq;fs; rhu;e;Js;s lhf;]hd; - igfhu;gpy;Nyl;Nligfhu;gpy;Nyl;Nligfhu;gpy;Nyl;Nligfhu;gpy;Nyl;Nl

9999.... ~~rpw;wpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk;|| ,t;tifg;ghL Njhd;w xU J}z;LNfhshf ,Ue;jJ

- kuGtop tifg;ghLkuGtop tifg;ghLkuGtop tifg;ghLkuGtop tifg;ghL

10101010.... capu; thOk; MQ;rpNah];ngu;k;fspy; kpfTk; vspait njhd;ikahdit -

uhNdy;];uhNdy;];uhNdy;];uhNdy;]; JiwJiwJiwJiw

11111111.... tiyg;gpd;dy; euk;gikT cila xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuk; - ];ikyhf;];];ikyhf;];];ikyhf;];];ikyhf;];

12121212.... euk;GfSf;F mikjpA+l;Lk; kUe;jhfg; gad;gLk; My;fyha;L - epf;Nfhl;bd;epf;Nfhl;bd;epf;Nfhl;bd;epf;Nfhl;bd;

13131313.... ,jpy; xU kfue;jjhs; xU Mz; kyiuf; Fwpf;Fk; -

A+NA+NA+NA+Nghu;gpah irahj;NjhNghuhghu;gpah irahj;NjhNghuhghu;gpah irahj;NjhNghuhghu;gpah irahj;NjhNghuh

14141414.... ,e;j jhtuj;jpy; ,ize;j kyu; fhk;Gila kyu; fhzg;gLfpwJ -

i`gp];f]; Nuhrh irndd;rp];i`gp];f]; Nuhrh irndd;rp];i`gp];f]; Nuhrh irndd;rp];i`gp];f]; Nuhrh irndd;rp];

15151515.... czthfTk;> nghJthfTk;> CWfha; NghlTk; gad;gLk; itl;lkpd; C

mjpfKila jirg;gw;Ws;s fdpfs; jUk; jhtuk; - gpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fhgpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fhgpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fhgpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fh

16161616.... ~~ NfupNahgpy;yk;|| vd;w jhtuj;jpd; gynrhw;ngau; ----

NfupNahgpy;yk; rhf;rhbyp];/Nghyp]; fpuhkpdpa]; mk;ngy; Nyl;b]; NfupNahgpy;yk; rhf;rhbyp];/Nghyp]; fpuhkpdpa]; mk;ngy; Nyl;b]; NfupNahgpy;yk; rhf;rhbyp];/Nghyp]; fpuhkpdpa]; mk;ngy; Nyl;b]; NfupNahgpy;yk; rhf;rhbyp];/Nghyp]; fpuhkpdpa]; mk;ngy; Nyl;b];

NNNNffffhhhhuuuuppppkkkk;;;;ggggpppp]]]];;;;

5

17171717.... ,J lhl;Nlhdpk; vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - rhrhg;u]; rhrhg;u];rhrhg;u]; rhrhg;u];rhrhg;u]; rhrhg;u];rhrhg;u]; rhrhg;u];

18181818.... nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fu; tifg;ghl;by; ve;j thpirfspy; 4 Jiwfs; 24

FLk;gq;fSk;> 5 Jiwfs; 27 FLk;gq;fSk; cs;sd?

# igfhu;gy;Nyl;Nl kw;Wk; fhyprp GNshNuigfhu;gy;Nyl;Nl kw;Wk; fhyprp GNshNuigfhu;gy;Nyl;Nl kw;Wk; fhyprp GNshNuigfhu;gy;Nyl;Nl kw;Wk; fhyprp GNshNu

19191919.... jhtuq;fis ,dq;fz;lwpa xU jpwTNfhyhf fpA+ n`h;Ngupak; kw;Wk;

cyfpYs;s gy n`h;Nghpaq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tifg;ghL-

# nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fu;nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fu;nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fu;nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fu; tifg;ghLtifg;ghLtifg;ghLtifg;ghL

20202020.... nraw;ifKiw tifg;ghL ,t;thWk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

# ,dg;ngUf;f tifg;ghL,dg;ngUf;f tifg;ghL,dg;ngUf;f tifg;ghL,dg;ngUf;f tifg;ghL

21212121.... nraw;if Kiw tifg;ghl;by; mdfhu;bNarp jhtuq;fSk;> [pd;[pngNurp

jhtuq;fSk; xNu tFg;gpy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl fhuzk; -

# xNu xU kfue;jjhisg; ngw;Ws;sd.xNu xU kfue;jjhisg; ngw;Ws;sd.xNu xU kfue;jjhisg; ngw;Ws;sd.xNu xU kfue;jjhisg; ngw;Ws;sd. (Nkhdhz;l;upah)(Nkhdhz;l;upah)(Nkhdhz;l;upah)(Nkhdhz;l;upah)

22222222.... nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; ntspapl;l n[dpuh gpshz;lhuk -

# %d;W njhFjpfisAilaJ.%d;W njhFjpfisAilaJ.%d;W njhFjpfisAilaJ.%d;W njhFjpfisAilaJ.

23232323.... nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; tifg;ghl;by; jw;fhy Jiwfs; ,t;thW

miof;fg;gl;ld - # Nfh`hu;l;Lfs;Nfh`hu;l;Lfs;Nfh`hu;l;Lfs;Nfh`hu;l;Lfs;

24242424.... ,izahj jdpj;j my;ypfisAila jhtuq;fs; fPo;f;fz;l vtw;Ws;

,lk;ngWk;? - # ghyp ngl;lhNyghyp ngl;lhNyghyp ngl;lhNyghyp ngl;lhNy

25252525.... ,d;ngNu tupirapYs;s Jiwfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if KiwNa

- # 3 kw;Wk; 93 kw;Wk; 93 kw;Wk; 93 kw;Wk; 9

26262626.... nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; jq;fs; tifg;ghl;by; vj;jid FLk;gq;;fis

tptupj;Js;sdu;? - # 202202202202

27272727.... nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; tifg;ghl;by; jw;fhy FLk;gq;fs; vt;thW

tifg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jd? - # Jiwfs;Jiwfs;Jiwfs;Jiwfs;

28282828.... jyhkpGNshNuapy; vj;jid Jiwfs; FLk;gq;fs; cs;sd? -

# 6 Jiwfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;6 Jiwfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;6 Jiwfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;6 Jiwfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;

29292929.... gpd;tUk; ve;j thpirapy; #yf fPo; kyu;fs; nfhz;l jhtuq;fs; cs;sd? -

# ,d;ngNu,d;ngNu,d;ngNu,d;ngNu

30303030.... A+dpnrf;RNty;]; vd;w tupirapy; cs;s FLk;gk; ---- # A+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarp

31313131.... nj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpah ,lk;ngw;Ws;s FLk;gk; - # khy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrp

32323232.... khy;Ntrp ,lk; ngw;Ws;s thpir - # jyhkpGNshNujyhkpGNshNujyhkpGNshNujyhkpGNshNu

33333333.... Vngy;kh];f]; v];Fnyz;l]; jhtuj;jpd; fdp - # #yf miw ntb fdp#yf miw ntb fdp#yf miw ntb fdp#yf miw ntb fdp

34343434.... ntz;il jhtuj;jpd; ,Unrhw;ngau; - # Vngy;kh]Vngy;kh]Vngy;kh]Vngy;kh];f]; v];Fnyz;l];;f]; v];Fnyz;l];;f]; v];Fnyz;l];;f]; v];Fnyz;l];

35353535.... nghq;Nfkpah fpshguh xU - # kuk;kuk;kuk;kuk;

36363636.... M];fpNdhkpdp M];gpuh xU - # ePu;j; jhtuk;ePu;j; jhtuk;ePu;j; jhtuk;ePu;j; jhtuk;

37373737.... Ntu;f;fliyj; jhtuj;jpd; ,U nrhw;ngau; - # muhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pah

38383838.... NgNgrp FLk;gj; jhtuj;jpd; fdp - # nyf;A+k;nyf;A+k;nyf;A+k;nyf;A+k;

39393939.... NgNgrp FLk;gj;jhtu #yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; #y; xl;L Kiw -

# tpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiwtpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiwtpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiwtpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiw

6

40404040.... &gpNarp ,lk;ngw;Ws;s thpir - # ,d;ngNu,d;ngNu,d;ngNu,d;ngNu

41414141.... ,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpahtpd; ,iyaikT - # FWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikTFWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikTFWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikTFWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikT

42424242.... ,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpahtpy; kfue;j jhs;fs; - # my;yp xl;baitmy;yp xl;baitmy;yp xl;baitmy;yp xl;bait

43434343.... ntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nghupah xU - # kuk;kuk;kuk;kuk;

44444444.... rpu kQ;rupahdJ jdp kyuhf FWf;fk; mile;Js;s jhtuk; - # vf;fpdhg;];vf;fpdhg;];vf;fpdhg;];vf;fpdhg;];

45454545.... xU jug;gl;l rpukQ;rup fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; - # yhdpahyhdpahyhdpahyhdpah

46464646.... nrhyhNdrp ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Jiw - # ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];

47474747.... eLeuk;G kw;Wk; gf;f euk;Gfspd; kPJ kQ;rs; epwKl;fs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; -

# nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;.nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;.nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;.nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;.

48484848.... #ypiyfs; Neu;f;Nfhl;by; mikahky; rw;W rha;thf mike;Js;s

kyu;fSila FLk;gk; ; ; ; ---- # nrhynrhynrhynrhyhhhhNdrp Ndrp Ndrp Ndrp

49494949.... A+/Nghu;gpNarp FLk;gj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ngupdq;fs; - # 300300300300

50505050.... up]pd]; fk;Adp]; xU - # Fw;W kuk;Fw;W kuk;Fw;W kuk;Fw;W kuk;

51515151.... fpshNlhLf;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;L # A+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;spA+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;spA+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;spA+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;sp

52525252.... `Ptpah gpNurpypad;]p]; jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs;

# %d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy%d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy%d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy%d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy

53535353.... gwitfspd; nrhu;f;f kyu; vd;wiof;fg;gLtJ # ];nlupypl;rpah nu[pNdh];nlupypl;rpah nu[pNdh];nlupypl;rpah nu[pNdh];nlupypl;rpah nu[pNdh

54545454.... kpA+]h jhtuj;jpd; ,iyaikT # Roy; ,iyaikTRoy; ,iyaikTRoy; ,iyaikTRoy; ,iyaikT

55555555.... uhtndyh klfh];fupad;rp]; jhtuj;jpd; kQ;rup # $l;Lirk;$l;Lirk;$l;Lirk;$l;Lirk;

56565656.... uhtndyh klfh];fupad;rp]; kyupy; fhzg;gLk; tskhd kfue;j jhl;fspd;

vz;zpf;if # MWMWMWMW

57575757.... mupf;Nfrp ,lk; ngw;Ws;s tupir # fhyprpNdfhyprpNdfhyprpNdfhyprpNd

58585858.... mupf;Nfrp FLk;gj;jpYs;s Ngupdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if # 217217217217

59595959.... nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu; vd;gjd; rhjhuzg;ngau; # gidgidgidgid

60606060.... Nfhupgh mk;g;uFyp/nguh jhtu ];ghbf;]; kQ;rupapd; ePsk; # 10 kPl;lu;10 kPl;lu;10 kPl;lu;10 kPl;lu;

61616161.... ~~lhf;]p];|| vd;gjd; nghUs; # tifg;gLj;Jjy;tifg;gLj;Jjy;tifg;gLj;Jjy;tifg;gLj;Jjy;

62626262.... ~ehk];| vd;gjd; nghUs; # tpjpKiwfs;tpjpKiwfs;tpjpKiwfs;tpjpKiwfs;

63636363.... jhtutifg;ghl;bay; fPo;f;fz;lthW miof;fg;gLk;. # KKKKiwghl;Lj; jhtutpay;iwghl;Lj; jhtutpay;iwghl;Lj; jhtutpay;iwghl;Lj; jhtutpay;

64646464.... jhtu tifg;ghl;bw;F mbg;gilahditfs;

# jhtuq;fspd; cUtj;Njhw;wk; jhtuq;fspd; cUtj;Njhw;wk; jhtuq;fspd; cUtj;Njhw;wk; jhtuq;fspd; cUtj;Njhw;wk; & mikg;Gmikg;Gmikg;Gmikg;G

65656565.... jhtutifg;ghl;bd; %yk; fpilf;fg;ngWk; Ez;zwpTj;jpwd; fPo;f;fz;l

vt;nttw;wpw;F gaDs;sitahf ,Uf;Fk;?

# kUj;Jtk;> Ntshz;ik kUj;Jtk;> Ntshz;ik kUj;Jtk;> Ntshz;ik kUj;Jtk;> Ntshz;ik &fhLfspd; guhkupg;GfhLfspd; guhkupg;GfhLfspd; guhkupg;GfhLfspd; guhkupg;G

66666666.... gpw;fhy tifg;ghl;bahyhu;fs; kyupd; gz;GfSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jjd;

fhuzk;

#kyupd; gz;Gfs; khWglhky; epiyg;Gj;jd;ikAlDk;> epue;jukhf cs;sjhy;.kyupd; gz;Gfs; khWglhky; epiyg;Gj;jd;ikAlDk;> epue;jukhf cs;sjhy;.kyupd; gz;Gfs; khWglhky; epiyg;Gj;jd;ikAlDk;> epue;jukhf cs;sjhy;.kyupd; gz;Gfs; khWglhky; epiyg;Gj;jd;ikAlDk;> epue;jukhf cs;sjhy;.

67676767.... ntspg;Gwg; gz;Gfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tifg;ghL

# nraw;if Kiw tifg;ghLnraw;if Kiw tifg;ghLnraw;if Kiw tifg;ghLnraw;if Kiw tifg;ghL

7

68686868.... fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];> 1753y; ntspapl;l E}ypd; ngau;

# ];gP]p]; gpshz;lhuk;];gP]p]; gpshz;lhuk;];gP]p]; gpshz;lhuk;];gP]p]; gpshz;lhuk;

69696969.... ~];gP]p]; gpshz;lhuk;| E}ypy; tptupj;Js;s rpw;wpdq;fs; # 7300730073007300

70707070.... ypd;Nda]; tifg;ghl;by; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

# kyupd; gz;Gfs; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gJkyupd; gz;Gfs; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gJkyupd; gz;Gfs; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gJkyupd; gz;Gfs; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gJ

71717171.... nraw;if Kiw tifg;ghl;bd; Fiwahf fUjg;gLtJ

# neUq;fpa njhlu;Gila jhtuq;fs; jdpj;jdp gpupTfspd; fPOk;> khWgl;l neUq;fpa njhlu;Gila jhtuq;fs; jdpj;jdp gpupTfspd; fPOk;> khWgl;l neUq;fpa njhlu;Gila jhtuq;fs; jdpj;jdp gpupTfspd; fPOk;> khWgl;l neUq;fpa njhlu;Gila jhtuq;fs; jdpj;jdp gpupTfspd; fPOk;> khWgl;l

gz;Gfis nfhz;l jhtuq;fs; xNu gpuptpd; fPo; ,lk;ngw;wpUg;gJ.gz;Gfis nfhz;l jhtuq;fs; xNu gpuptpd; fPo; ,lk;ngw;wpUg;gJ.gz;Gfis nfhz;l jhtuq;fs; xNu gpuptpd; fPo; ,lk;ngw;wpUg;gJ.gz;Gfis nfhz;l jhtuq;fs; xNu gpuptpd; fPo; ,lk;ngw;wpUg;gJ.

72727272.... jhtuq;fspd; gy gz;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s tifg;ghL

# ,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL

73737373.... tpijj; jhtuq;fspd; ,aw;if tifghl;ilj; njhFj;jtu;fs;

# [pahu;[; nge;jk; kw;Wk; ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (,q;fpyhe;J)[pahu;[; nge;jk; kw;Wk; ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (,q;fpyhe;J)[pahu;[; nge;jk; kw;Wk; ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (,q;fpyhe;J)[pahu;[; nge;jk; kw;Wk; ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (,q;fpyhe;J)

74747474.... ,aw;if Kiwtifg;ghL vt;nttw;wpid mwpa cjTfpwJ?

# njhlu;G kw;Wk; cwtpid mwpanjhlu;G kw;Wk; cwtpid mwpanjhlu;G kw;Wk; cwtpid mwpanjhlu;G kw;Wk; cwtpid mwpa

75757575.... ,aw;ifKiw tifg;ghl;bd; Fiw # kuG top njhlu;gpid tpsf;fhjJ.kuG top njhlu;gpid tpsf;fhjJ.kuG top njhlu;gpid tpsf;fhjJ.kuG top njhlu;gpid tpsf;fhjJ.

76767676.... kuG top Kiw tifg;ghL Njhd;w J}z;Ljyhf ,Ue;jJ

# rpw;wpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk;rpw;wpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk;rpw;wpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk;rpw;wpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk;

77777777.... n[h;kdpapy; vq;su; kw;Wk; gpuhz;ly; jq;fsJ kuGtop tifg;ghL

ntspaplg;gl;l E}y; # ~~ilNer;ru;ypf;fd;/ gpsh~~ilNer;ru;ypf;fd;/ gpsh~~ilNer;ru;ypf;fd;/ gpsh~~ilNer;ru;ypf;fd;/ gpshdddd;]d; ;]d; ;]d; ;]d; ghkpypad;||ghkpypad;||ghkpypad;||ghkpypad;||

78787878.... kuG top tifg;ghl;by; Nkk;ghL mile;j jhtuq;fshff; fUjg;gl;lit

# ,Utpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; M];l;Nu]p FLk;gk;,Utpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; M];l;Nu]p FLk;gk;,Utpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; M];l;Nu]p FLk;gk;,Utpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; M];l;Nu]p FLk;gk;

# xU tpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; Mu;f;fpNl]p FLk;gk;xU tpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; Mu;f;fpNl]p FLk;gk;xU tpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; Mu;f;fpNl]p FLk;gk;xU tpj;jpiy jhtu tFg;gpy; Mu;f;fpNl]p FLk;gk;

79797979.... gupNrhjid tifghl;baypd; mbg;gil

# xj;j kw;Wk; Ntxj;j kw;Wk; Ntxj;j kw;Wk; Ntxj;j kw;Wk; NtWgl;l Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;Gfs;Wgl;l Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;Gfs;Wgl;l Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;Gfs;Wgl;l Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;Gfs;

80808080.... gupNrhjid tifghl;bay; vd;gJ

# ~~capUs;s jhtuj;njhifapd; Kiwghl;bay;||~~capUs;s jhtuj;njhifapd; Kiwghl;bay;||~~capUs;s jhtuj;njhifapd; Kiwghl;bay;||~~capUs;s jhtuj;njhifapd; Kiwghl;bay;||

81818181.... tifg;ghl;bd; mbg;gil myF # rpw;wpdk;rpw;wpdk;rpw;wpdk;rpw;wpdk;

82828282.... ~~gupNrhjid tifg;ghl;bay;|| vd;w nrhw;fisg; Gof;fj;jpw;F

nfhz;Lte;jtu;fs; # Nfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yNfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yNfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yNfk;g; kw;Wk; fpy;yp (1943)p (1943)p (1943)p (1943)

83838383.... gupNrhjid tifg;ghl;bd; mbg;gil myF # #o;epiy tif#o;epiy tif#o;epiy tif#o;epiy tif

84848484.... xd;W my;yJ gy $l;Lr; rpw;wpdq;fisf; nfhz;l fyg;gpdf; fytp nra;ahj

jhtuf;FO ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ. # fk;Ngupak;fk;Ngupak;fk;Ngupak;fk;Ngupak;

85858585.... ,Unrhw;ngaupL Kiwia gad;gLj;jpatu; # fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];

86868686.... Ie;jhtJ mfpy cyf jhtutpay; $l;lk; eilngw;w ,lk;

# Nfk;gphpl;[; (,q;fpyhe;J Nfk;gphpl;[; (,q;fpyhe;J Nfk;gphpl;[; (,q;fpyhe;J Nfk;gphpl;[; (,q;fpyhe;J ---- 1930)1930)1930)1930)

87878787.... 12tJ mfpy cyf jhtutpay; $l;lk; eilngw;w ,lk;

# nydpd;fpuhl; (Nrhtpaj; unydpd;fpuhl; (Nrhtpaj; unydpd;fpuhl; (Nrhtpaj; unydpd;fpuhl; (Nrhtpaj; u\\\\;ah) ([Piy 1975y;);ah) ([Piy 1975y;);ah) ([Piy 1975y;);ah) ([Piy 1975y;)

8

88888888.... mfpy cyf jhtutpay; ngau; #l;Lr; rl;lk; (ICBN) eilKiwf;F te;j

tUlk; # 1978197819781978

89898989.... n`h;ghupak; jahupf;fg; gad;gLk; cgfuzk; # jhtu mOj;j cgfuzk;jhtu mOj;j cgfuzk;jhtu mOj;j cgfuzk;jhtu mOj;j cgfuzk;

90909090.... n`h;ghupa jhspd; msT # 41 nr.kP kw;Wk; 29 nr.kP41 nr.kP kw;Wk; 29 nr.kP41 nr.kP kw;Wk; 29 nr.kP41 nr.kP kw;Wk; 29 nr.kP

91919191.... n`h;Ngupa cyu; jhtu;khjpupfspd; kPJ njspf;fg;gLk; G+Q;irf;nfhy;yp kUe;J

# nku;f;Fupf; FNshiuL (0.1 rjtPjk;)nku;f;Fupf; FNshiuL (0.1 rjtPjk;)nku;f;Fupf; FNshiuL (0.1 rjtPjk;)nku;f;Fupf; FNshiuL (0.1 rjtPjk;)

92929292.... n`h;Ngupa cyu; jhtukhjpupfis ghJfhf;fg; gLk; G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp kUe;Jfs;

# ehg;jyPd; kw;Wk; fhu;gd;il ry;igLehg;jyPd; kw;Wk; fhu;gd;il ry;igLehg;jyPd; kw;Wk; fhu;gd;il ry;igLehg;jyPd; kw;Wk; fhu;gd;il ry;igL

93939393.... [Pd;fspd; Muha;r;rpf;F n`h;ghupak; vt;thnwy;yhk; gad;gLfpwJ?

# [Pd; Nrkpg;G epiyahf[Pd; Nrkpg;G epiyahf[Pd; Nrkpg;G epiyahf[Pd; Nrkpg;G epiyahf

94949494.... mur jhtutpay; Njhl;l n`h;ghupak; fpA+> ,yz;ld;> ,q;fpyhe;jpy; cs;s

n`u;ghupaq;fspd; vz;zpf;if # 60>00>000 f;Fk; Nky;60>00>000 f;Fk; Nky;60>00>000 f;Fk; Nky;60>00>000 f;Fk; Nky;

95959595.... ,e;jpa jhtutpay; Rw;wha;T epWtd n`h;ghupak; NfhaKj;J}h;; jkpo;ehl;by;

cs;s n`h;ghupaq;fspd; vz;zpf;if # 1>90>000 1>90>000 1>90>000 1>90>000 ----f;Fk; Nky;f;Fk; Nky;f;Fk; Nky;f;Fk; Nky;

96969696.... khepyf;fy;Y}hp n`h;Ngupak;> nrd;id jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s n`h;ghupaq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if # 10>000 f;Fk; Nky;10>000 f;Fk; Nky;10>000 f;Fk; Nky;10>000 f;Fk; Nky;

97979797.... nug;gpnel; n`h;Nghpak; jpUr;rp> jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s n`h;Ngupaq;fspd;;

vz;zpf;if # 12>000 f;Fk; Nky;12>000 f;Fk; Nky;12>000 f;Fk; Nky;12>000 f;Fk; Nky;

98989898.... nge;jk; kw;Wk; P̀f;fh; tifg;ghL vd;gJ # ,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL

99999999.... cyfpy; cs;s gy n`h;Ngupaq;fspYk;, jhtuj;Njhl;lq;fspYk; gpd;gw;Wk;

tifg;ghl;L Kiw # nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; tifg;ghLnge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; tifg;ghLnge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; tifg;ghLnge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; tifg;ghL

100100100100.... ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;il rhu;e;j ,aw;if Kiw tifg;ghL jhtutpayhu;fs;

# ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (1817ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (1817ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (1817ru; N[hrg; lhy;ld; `Pf;fu; (1817---- 1911) [pahu;[; nge;jk; ( 1800 1911) [pahu;[; nge;jk; ( 1800 1911) [pahu;[; nge;jk; ( 1800 1911) [pahu;[; nge;jk; ( 1800 ----1884 )1884 )1884 )1884 )

101101101101.... n[dpuh gpshz;lhuk; vj;jid njhFjpshf ntspaplg;gl;lJ?

# %d;W njhFjpfs;%d;W njhFjpfs;%d;W njhFjpfs;%d;W njhFjpfs;

102102102102.... nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fh; tifg;ghl;by; tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs; kw;Wk;

rpw;wpdq;fs; # 202 Jiwfs; 97>205 rpw;wpdq;fs;202 Jiwfs; 97>205 rpw;wpdq;fs;202 Jiwfs; 97>205 rpw;wpdq;fs;202 Jiwfs; 97>205 rpw;wpdq;fs;

103103103103.... tl;ltbt my;yJ $k;G tbt G+j;jsKila kyu;fisf; nfhz;l jhtuq;fs;

fPo;fz;l vt;tupirapy; mlq;Fk;? # tupitupitupitupirrrr ---- jyhkpGNshNujyhkpGNshNujyhkpGNshNujyhkpGNshNu

104104104104.... jyhkpGNshNu tupir nfhz;Ls;s Jiwfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs; KiwNa


105105105105.... #yfj;jpd; fPo;Gwj;jpy; tl;L Nghd;w G+j;jsKila kyu;fisf; nfhz;l

jhtuq;fs; fPo;f;fz;l vt;thpirapy; mlq;Fk; ? # tupir tupir tupir tupir ---- b];fpGNshNub];fpGNshNub];fpGNshNub];fpGNshNu

106106106106.... tupir b];fpGNshNuapy; cs;s Jiwfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs;

# 4 Jiwfs; 23 FLk;gq;fsJiwfs; 23 FLk;gq;fsJiwfs; 23 FLk;gq;fsJiwfs; 23 FLk;gq;fs;;;;

107107107107.... Nfhg;ig tbt Gj;jsKila kyu;fisf; nfhz;l jhtuq;fs; vt;tupirapy;

tifg;gLj;jg;gl;lLs;sd? # thpir thpir thpir thpir ---- fhyprp/GNshNufhyprp/GNshNufhyprp/GNshNufhyprp/GNshNu

108108108108.... #yf Nky; my;yJ fPo; my;yJ ghjpNky; fPo; kyu;fs; fhzg;gLk; tupir

# fhyprp/GNshNufhyprp/GNshNufhyprp/GNshNufhyprp/GNshNu

109109109109.... tupir fhyprp GNshNuapy; cs;s Jiwfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs;

9

# 5 Jiwfs; 27 FLk;gq;fsJiwfs; 27 FLk;gq;fsJiwfs; 27 FLk;gq;fsJiwfs; 27 FLk;gq;fs

110110110110.... /NgNgrp FLk;gk; vj;Jiwapd; fPo; mike;Js;sJ? # Jiw Jiw Jiw Jiw ---- NuhNry;];NuhNry;];NuhNry;];NuhNry;];

111111111111.... Gy;ypfs; kw;Wk; my;ypfs; njspthfTk;> KOikahf my;yJ gFjp

,ize;j my;ypfisf; nfhz;l kyu;fs; ,lk; ngw;w Jiz tFg;G

# NfNkhngl;lhNyNfNkhngl;lhNyNfNkhngl;lhNyNfNkhngl;lhNy

112112112112.... #yf fPo; kyu;fisf; nfhz;l tupir # ,d;ngNu,d;ngNu,d;ngNu,d;ngNu

113113113113.... 3 JiwfisAk; 9 FLk;gq;fisAk; cila tupir # ,d;/ngNu,d;/ngNu,d;/ngNu,d;/ngNu

114114114114.... #yf Nky;kyu; kw;Wk; ,uz;bw;F Nkw;gl;l #ypiyfisAila kyu;fis

nfhz;l tupir # n`l;bNuhkpNun`l;bNuhkpNun`l;bNuhkpNun`l;bNuhkpNu

115115115115.... tupir n`l;bNuhkpNu nfhz;Ls;s Jiwfs;> FLk;gq ;fs; KiwNa

# 3333 Jiwfs; 12 FLk;gq;fs;Jiwfs; 12 FLk;gq;fs;Jiwfs; 12 FLk;gq;fs;Jiwfs; 12 FLk;gq;fs;

116116116116.... #yf Nky; kyu; kw;Wk; ,uz;L #ypiyfisAila tupir igf;fhu;gy;Nyl;igf;fhu;gy;Nyl;igf;fhu;gy;Nyl;igf;fhu;gy;Nyl;

117117117117.... tupir ig fhu;gy;Nyl;Nl nfhz;Ls;s Jiwfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs;


118118118118.... nrhyhNdrp FLk;gk; vj;Jiwapd; fPo; cs;sJ? # ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];

119119119119.... Kiwaw;w kyu; Xu; mLf;F ,jo;fisf; nfhz;l jhtuq;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s

JiztFg;G # khNdhf;sikbNakhNdhf;sikbNakhNdhf;sikbNakhNdhf;sikbNa

120120120120.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; 8 tupirfisAk; 36 FLk;gq;fisAk; nfhz;lJ

# Jiz tFg;G NkhNdhf;sikbNaJiz tFg;G NkhNdhf;sikbNaJiz tFg;G NkhNdhf;sikbNaJiz tFg;G NkhNdhf;sikbNa

121121121121.... jpwe;j #y;fs; fhzg;gLk; tFg;G # [pk;Ndh];ngu;Nk[pk;Ndh];ngu;Nk[pk;Ndh];ngu;Nk[pk;Ndh];ngu;Nk

122122122122.... tFg;G khNdhfhl;byplNdapy; cs;s tupirfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs; KiwNa

# 7 tupirfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;7 tupirfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;7 tupirfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;7 tupirfs; 34 FLk;gq;fs;

123123123123.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;Jiwiar;rhu;e;j jhtuq;fs; kpfTk; vspait kw;Wk;

njhd;ikahdit # uhNdy;];uhNdy;];uhNdy;];uhNdy;];

124124124124.... khy;Ntrp FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s Ngupdq;fs;> kw;Wk; rpw;wpdq;fs; KiwNa

# 82 Ngupdq;fs; 1500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;82 Ngupdq;fs; 1500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;82 Ngupdq;fs; 1500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;82 Ngupdq;fs; 1500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;

125125125125.... ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s khy;Ntrp FLk;gj; jhtuq;fs;

# 22 Ngupdq;fs; 125 rpw;wpdq;fs;22 Ngupdq;fs; 125 rpw;wpdq;fs;22 Ngupdq;fs; 125 rpw;wpdq;fs;22 Ngupdq;fs; 125 rpw;wpdq;fs;

126126126126.... khy;th rpy;nt];l;up]; vd;gJ # Xuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrb

127127127127.... nj];gprpah ghGy;dpah vd;gJ # kuk;kuk;kuk;kuk;

128128128128.... el;rj;jputbt Nuhk tsupfs; cila FLk;gk; # khy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrp

129129129129.... epyk;glu; Edp epkpu;e;j jz;L> kw;Wk; el;rj;jpu tbt Nuhktsupfs; cilaJ

# khy;th Nuhl;lz;b / Nghypah (jpupfhkhy;th Nuhl;lz;b / Nghypah (jpupfhkhy;th Nuhl;lz;b / Nghypah (jpupfhkhy;th Nuhl;lz;b / Nghypah (jpupfhy ky;yp)y ky;yp)y ky;yp)y ky;yp)

130130130130.... fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; Edp jdp kyu; ngw;Ws;s jhtuk;

# khy;th];l;uk; Nfhunkz;Nlypahkhy;th];l;uk; Nfhunkz;Nlypahkhy;th];l;uk; Nfhunkz;Nlypahkhy;th];l;uk; Nfhunkz;Nlypah

131131131131.... Nfhz jdp kyu; nfhz;l jhtuk; # nj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpahnj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpahnj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpahnj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpah

132132132132.... fPo;fz;l jhtuq;fspy; Edp my;yJ Nfhz irk;kQ;rup nfhz;lJ

# ngNthdpah XNlhNul;lh ngNthdpah XNlhNul;lh ngNthdpah XNlhNul;lh ngNthdpah XNlhNul;lh (NguhKl;b)(NguhKl;b)(NguhKl;b)(NguhKl;b)

133133133133.... khy;th rpy;t];l;up]; jhtuj;jpy; cs;s G+f;fhk;G nrjpy;fs; vz;zpf;if # 3333

10

134134134134.... fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; 10 Kjy; 12 G+f;fhk;G nrjpy;fs; cs;sd

# ngNthdpah XNlhNul;lhngNthdpah XNlhNul;lhngNthdpah XNlhNul;lhngNthdpah XNlhNul;lh

135135135135.... G+f;fhk;Gr; nrjpy;fsw;w jhtuk; # mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk;mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk;mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk;mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk;

136136136136.... khy;Ntrpf; FLk;g kyu;fspy; #y;fs; vt;thW mike;Js;sd?

# mr;R #y; xl;L Kiw mr;R #y; xl;L Kiw mr;R #y; xl;L Kiw mr;R #y; xl;L Kiw

137137137137.... fPo;fz;litfspy; gpsTf;fdp fhzg;gLtJ

# mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk; kw;Wk; irlh fhu;bNghypah ( epyj;Jj;jp )mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk; kw;Wk; irlh fhu;bNghypah ( epyj;Jj;jp )mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk; kw;Wk; irlh fhu;bNghypah ( epyj;Jj;jp )mGl;byhd; ,d;bfk; kw;Wk; irlh fhu;bNghypah ( epyj;Jj;jp )

138138138138.... fPo;fz;l vj;jhtu tpijfspy; J}tpfs; %bf; fhzg;gLk;

# fh]pg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];fh]pg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];fh]pg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];fh]pg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];

139139139139.... fPo;fz;ltw;wpypUe;J gh];l;ehu;fs; jUk; jhtuk;

# i`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd];i`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd];i`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd];i`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd];

140140140140.... CWfha;> n[y;yp kw;Wk; $o;kk; jahupf;fg; gad;gLtJ

# i`gp];f]; rg;lhupghi`gp];f]; rg;lhupghi`gp];f]; rg;lhupghi`gp];f]; rg;lhupgh

141141141141.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; Rit kpFe;j rl;dp jahupf;fg;gLgitfs;

# i`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd]; i`gp];f]; rg;lhupghi`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd]; i`gp];f]; rg;lhupghi`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd]; i`gp];f]; rg;lhupghi`gp];f]; nfd;dh gpd]; i`gp];f]; rg;lhupgh

142142142142.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; fl;il jUk; jhtuk; # nj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpahnj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpahnj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpahnj];gprpah ghg;Gy;dpah

143143143143.... my;ypfs; gpsTw;Wf; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # i`gp];f]; irNrhngl;lhy];i`gp];f]; irNrhngl;lhy];i`gp];f]; irNrhngl;lhy];i`gp];f]; irNrhngl;lhy];

144144144144.... fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; 482 Ngupdq;fs; nfhz;l FLk;gk; # /NgNgrp/NgNgrp/NgNgrp/NgNgrp

145145145145.... ,e;jpahtpy; 100 Ngupdq;fSk;> 754 rpw;wpdq;fSk; cs;s FLk;gk; # /NgNgrp/NgNgrp/NgNgrp/NgNgrp

146146146146.... nghq;Nfkpah fpshguh xU # kuk; kuk; kuk; kuk;

147147147147.... M];fpNdhkpdp M];gpuh xU # ePu;j;jhtuk; ePu;j;jhtuk; ePu;j;jhtuk; ePu;j;jhtuk;

148148148148.... Ntu;f;fliyj; jhtuj;jpd; ,Unrhw;ngau; # muhf;fp]; i`g;Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`g;Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`g;Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`g;Ngh[pah

149149149149.... NgNgrp FLk;g jhtuj;jpd; fdp # nyf;A+k;nyf;A+k;nyf;A+k;nyf;A+k;

150150150150.... /NgNgrp FLk;gj;jhtu #yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; #y; xl;L Kiw

# tpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiwtpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiwtpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiwtpspk;G #y; xl;L Kiw

151151151151.... jiuapy; glu;e;j rpWnrbAs;s mtiuf;FLk;gj; (NgNgrp) jhtuk;

# ,d;bNfh/nguh vdp/gpy;yh (nrg;G neUQ;rp),d;bNfh/nguh vdp/gpy;yh (nrg;G neUQ;rp),d;bNfh/nguh vdp/gpy;yh (nrg;G neUQ;rp),d;bNfh/nguh vdp/gpy;yh (nrg;G neUQ;rp)

152152152152.... epkpu;e;j rpWnrbcila NgNgrp FLk;g jhtuk; # FNuhl;lNyupah ntUNfhrhFNuhl;lNyupah ntUNfhrhFNuhl;lNyupah ntUNfhrhFNuhl;lNyupah ntUNfhrh

153153153153.... NgNgrp FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;j gpd;Df;nfhbj; jhtuk;

# fpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Nd\\\\pahpahpahpah

154154154154.... gl;lhzpj; jhtuj;jpd; ,Unrhw;ngau; gw;Wf;fk;gpAs;s VWnfhb. igrk; igrk; igrk; igrk;

rl;iltk;rl;iltk;rl;iltk;rl;iltk;

155155155155.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ NgNgrpf; FLk;g Gjh;nrb jhtuk; # f[hd];f[hd;f[hd];f[hd;f[hd];f[hd;f[hd];f[hd;

156156156156.... jf;ifj;jhtuk; vd miof;fg;gLtJ? # M];fpNdhM];fpNdhM];fpNdhM];fpNdhkpdpkpdpkpdpkpdp M];gpuhM];gpuhM];gpuhM];gpuh

157157157157.... NgNgrpf; FLk;gj;jhtu Ntu; Kz;Lfspy; fhzg;gLk; ghf;Bupahf;fs;

# iuNrhgpak; nyFkpNdhrhuk;iuNrhgpak; nyFkpNdhrhuk;iuNrhgpak; nyFkpNdhrhuk;iuNrhgpak; nyFkpNdhrhuk;

158158158158.... eype;j jz;Lila rq;Fg;G+tpd ,Unrhw;ngau; # fpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Nd\\\\pahpahpahpah

159159159159.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ fl;ilj;jhtuk;? # lhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypahlhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypahlhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypahlhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypah

160160160160.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ ghdpf;fps; kQ;rup nfhz;lJ?

# lhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypahlhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypahlhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypahlhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypah

11

161161161161.... NgNgrpf;FLk;g jdp ,iy nfhz;l jhtuk; # FNuhl;lNyupah [d;FNuhl;lNyupah [d;FNuhl;lNyupah [d;FNuhl;lNyupah [d;\\\\pahpahpahpah

162162162162.... ,U rpw;wpiyf; $l;biyf;nfhz;l NgNgrpf; FLk;gj; jhtuk;

# N]hu;dpah il / gpy;yhN]hu;dpah il / gpy;yhN]hu;dpah il / gpy;yhN]hu;dpah il / gpy;yh

163163163163.... %d;W rpw;wpiyf; $l;biyf; $l;biyf;nfhz;l mtiuf; FLk;gj;jhtuk;

# yhg;yhg; gu;Gupa];yhg;yhg; gu;Gupa];yhg;yhg; gu;Gupa];yhg;yhg; gu;Gupa];

164164164164.... xw;iwr; rpwF $l;biy cila NgNgrpf; FLk;gj; jhtuk;;

# fpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Nd\\\\pah (rq;Fg; G+)pah (rq;Fg; G+)pah (rq;Fg; G+)pah (rq;Fg; G+)

165165165165.... EdpapYs;s rpw;wpiyfs; gw;Wf; fk;gpahf cUkhw;wk; mile;Js;s jhtu

NgNgrpf; FLk;gj; jhtuk; # igrk; rl;iltk; ( gl;lhzpj; jhtuk; ) igrk; rl;iltk; ( gl;lhzpj; jhtuk; ) igrk; rl;iltk; ( gl;lhzpj; jhtuk; ) igrk; rl;iltk; ( gl;lhzpj; jhtuk; )

166166166166.... fpYfpYg;ig nrbapd; (FNuhl;lNyupah ntUNfhrh ) kQ;rup vt;tifiar;

Nru;e;jJ? # nurpNkh];nurpNkh];nurpNkh];nurpNkh];

167167167167.... ,iyf;Nfhz jdpkyu; nfhz;Ls;s jhtuk; # fpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Nd\\\\pahpahpahpah

168168168168.... ,wq;F jOT ,joiktpd; NtW ngau; # ntf;]py;yup ,joikTntf;]py;yup ,joikTntf;]py;yup ,joikTntf;]py;yup ,joikT

169169169169.... NgNgrpFLk;g kyupy; cs;s ngupa ,uz;L my;ypfs;

# ntf;]py;yk; (nfhb my;yp)ntf;]py;yk; (nfhb my;yp)ntf;]py;yk; (nfhb my;yp)ntf;]py;yk; (nfhb my;yp)

170170170170.... mtiuf; FLk;gj;jhtuj;jpy; cs;s ,uz;L gf;fthl;L my;ypfs;

# MNy (rpwfy;yp)MNy (rpwfy;yp)MNy (rpwfy;yp)MNy (rpwfy;yp)

171171171171.... kfue;jj;jhs;fisAk; #yfj;ijAk; ghJfhf;Fk; mtiuf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s

fPo; Gwj;jpy; cs;s ,uz;L my;ypfs; ngau; # glfy;yp (fhupdp)glfy;yp (fhupdp)glfy;yp (fhupdp)glfy;yp (fhupdp)

172172172172.... tz;zj;Jg; G+r;rp tbt my;yp tl;lk; fhzg;gLk; FLk;gk;

# NgNgrpf; FLk;gk; (mtiuf;FLk;gk;)NgNgrpf; FLk;gk; (mtiuf;FLk;gk;)NgNgrpf; FLk;gk; (mtiuf;FLk;gk;)NgNgrpf; FLk;gk; (mtiuf;FLk;gk;)

173173173173.... xd;gJ kfue;j jhs;fs; ,ize;Jk; xd;W jdpj;Jk; (9 +1) fhzg;gLk;

jhtuk; # fpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Nd\\\\pahpahpahpah

174174174174.... kfue;jf; fk;gpfs; ,U fw;iwfshf (5 + 5) ,ize;J fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# M];fpNdhkpdp M];gpuhM];fpNdhkpdp M];gpuhM];fpNdhkpdp M];gpuhM];fpNdhkpdp M];gpuh

175175175175.... fPo;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; 5 kfue;jf; fk;gpfs; ePskhfTk;> 5 kfue;jf; fk;gpfs;

Fl;ilahfTk; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # FNuhl;lNyupah ntUf;NfhrhFNuhl;lNyupah ntUf;NfhrhFNuhl;lNyupah ntUf;NfhrhFNuhl;lNyupah ntUf;Nfhrh

176176176176.... xU fw;iw ,Ukl;l <UUt kfue;j jhs; tl;lk; fhzg;gLk; FLk;gk;

# /NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; ) /NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; ) /NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; ) /NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; )

177177177177.... ePsthf;fpy; ntbf;f $baJk;> ,U miwfis cila mb ,ize;j

kfue;j fk;gpfs; cilaf; FLk;gk; # /NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; )/NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; )/NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; )/NgNgrp ( mtiuf;FLk;gk; )

178178178178.... NgNgrp FLk;g jhtuj;jpd; fdp tif # ,UGw ntbfdp ( nyf;A+k; ),UGw ntbfdp ( nyf;A+k; ),UGw ntbfdp ( nyf;A+k; ),UGw ntbfdp ( nyf;A+k; )

179179179179.... fUTWjy; epfo;r;rpf;F gpwF jhtukyupd; #w;igf;fhk;G Mf;Fj; jpRthf

khwp tsu;r;rpaile;J fUTw;w #w;igia kz;zpw;F nrYj;JtJ fPo;fz;l

vj;jhtuj;jpy; eilngWfpwJ? # muhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pah (epyf;flimuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pah (epyf;flimuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pah (epyf;flimuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pah (epyf;fliy)y)y)y)

180180180180.... fUT+z; mw;wJk; kw;Wk; rpwePuf tbtKila tpijfs; cila FLk;gk;

# /NgNgrp /NgNgrp /NgNgrp /NgNgrp

181181181181.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; mijg;Gld; $ba ,iyfs; ( Pulvinus )fhzg;gLk;

jhtuk; # fpisl;Nlupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlupah nlu;Nd\\\\pahpahpahpah

182182182182.... xw;iwg;Gy;yp ,jo; kyupd; fPo;Gwj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

12

# fpisl;Nlupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlupah nlu;Nd\\\\pahpahpahpah

183183183183.... tz;zj;Jg; G+r;rp tbt my;yp ,jo;fs; ,wq;FjOT> ,joiktpy; cs;s

FLk;gk; # /NgNgrp (mtiuf; FLk;gk;)/NgNgrp (mtiuf; FLk;gk;)/NgNgrp (mtiuf; FLk;gk;)/NgNgrp (mtiuf; FLk;gk;)

184184184184.... fPo;f;fz;l vf;FLk;g jhtuq;fspy;> Nky;kl;l #w;igAlDk;> #w;igf;

fhk;GlDk;> xU #yf ,iyAlDk; xU #yf miwapy; gy #y;fSk;

,ize;J fhzg;gLtJ # /NgNgrp FLk;gk;/NgNgrp FLk;gk;/NgNgrp FLk;gk;/NgNgrp FLk;gk;

185185185185.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; jdpj;j #y; jz;Lk;> cs;Nehf;fp tise;Jk;> #y;

Kb J}tpfisAk; cilaJ # fpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndfpisl;Nlhupah nlu;Nd\\\\pah (rq;Fg; G+)pah (rq;Fg; G+)pah (rq;Fg; G+)pah (rq;Fg; G+)

186186186186.... rq;Fg; G+tpd; kyu; tha;g;ghL # Br., Brl., %, , K(5), C(5), A(9)+1, G1

187187187187.... Gujr; rj;J kpFe;j gUg;G tiffs; vf;FLk;gj; jhtuq;fspypUe;J

ngwg;gLfpd;wJ? # NgNgrpf; FLk;gk;NgNgrpf; FLk;gk;NgNgrpf; FLk;gk;NgNgrpf; FLk;gk;

188188188188.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; kUj;Jt FzKila vz;nzAk;> Nrhg;Gk; jahupf;fTk;

gad;gLk; jhtuk; # nghq;Nfkpah gpd;Ndl;lh (Gq;fk;)nghq;Nfkpah gpd;Ndl;lh (Gq;fk;)nghq;Nfkpah gpd;Ndl;lh (Gq;fk;)nghq;Nfkpah gpd;Ndl;lh (Gq;fk;)

189189189189.... fl;ilj;jhtuq;fs; jUk; NgNgrpf; FLk;gj; jhtuk;

# lhy;ngu;[pahlhy;ngu;[pahlhy;ngu;[pahlhy;ngu;[pah yhl;b/Nghypah (E}f;f kuk; ) yhl;b/Nghypah (E}f;f kuk; ) yhl;b/Nghypah (E}f;f kuk; ) yhl;b/Nghypah (E}f;f kuk; )

# bNuhfhu;g;g]; rhz;lypd]; (Ntq;if kuk;)bNuhfhu;g;g]; rhz;lypd]; (Ntq;if kuk;)bNuhfhu;g;g]; rhz;lypd]; (Ntq;if kuk;)bNuhfhu;g;g]; rhz;lypd]; (Ntq;if kuk;)

190190190190.... gpd;tUtw;Ws; fapW jahupf;fg; gad;gLk; ehu;j;jhtuk;

# FNuhl;lNyupah [d;]pah (rzg;ig ) FNuhl;lNyupah [d;]pah (rzg;ig ) FNuhl;lNyupah [d;]pah (rzg;ig ) FNuhl;lNyupah [d;]pah (rzg;ig )

# nr];Ngdpah V[pg;bahf;fh (nr];Ngd;)nr];Ngdpah V[pg;bahf;fh (nr];Ngd;)nr];Ngdpah V[pg;bahf;fh (nr];Ngd;)nr];Ngdpah V[pg;bahf;fh (nr];Ngd;)

191191191191.... mr;Rik> kw;Wk; ngapd;l; jahupf;fg;gad;gLk; ,d;bNfh vd;w

ePyr;rhaj;jUk; NgNgrpf; FLk;gj; jhtuk;

# ,d;bNfh / nguh bq;Nlupah (mtupj;jhtuk; ) ,d;bNfh / nguh bq;Nlupah (mtupj;jhtuk; ) ,d;bNfh / nguh bq;Nlupah (mtupj;jhtuk; ) ,d;bNfh / nguh bq;Nlupah (mtupj;jhtuk; )

192192192192.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtu kyu; kw;Wk; tpijfspypUe;J ePyr;rhak; fpilf;fpwJ

# fpifpifpifpissssl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndl;Nlhupah nlu;Ndl;Nlhupah nlu;Nd\\\\pah pah pah pah

193193193193.... gpd;tUtdw;Ws; myq;fhuj; jhtukhf Njhl;lq;fspy; tsu;f;fg;gLtJ

# gpA+l;bah gpuhz;Nlhrh ( fhl;Lj; jP ) Y}gpNd]; `pu;#l;l];gpA+l;bah gpuhz;Nlhrh ( fhl;Lj; jP ) Y}gpNd]; `pu;#l;l];gpA+l;bah gpuhz;Nlhrh ( fhl;Lj; jP ) Y}gpNd]; `pu;#l;l];gpA+l;bah gpuhz;Nlhrh ( fhl;Lj; jP ) Y}gpNd]; `pu;#l;l];

194194194194.... ,dpg;Gg; gl;lhzp vd miof;fg;gLk; mtiuf; FLk;gj; jhtuk;

# yhj;jpu]; XNlhNul;l];yhj;jpu]; XNlhNul;l];yhj;jpu]; XNlhNul;l];yhj;jpu]; XNlhNul;l];

195195195195.... &gpNarp ,lk; ngw;Ws;s tupir # ,d;n,d;n,d;n,d;ngNu gNu gNu gNu

196196196196.... ,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpahtpy; ,iyaikT # FWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikTFWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikTFWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikTFWf;F kWf;F ,iyaikT

197197197197.... ,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpahtpy; kfue;jj; jhs;fs; # my;yp xl;baitmy;yp xl;baitmy;yp xl;baitmy;yp xl;bait

198198198198.... &gpNarpf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s Ngupdq;fs; # 500500500500

199199199199.... ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; &gpNarpf; FLk;gj; jhtuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

# 76 Ngupdq;fs; 76 Ngupdq;fs; 76 Ngupdq;fs; 76 Ngupdq;fs; 274 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;274 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;274 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;274 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;

200200200200.... rpd;Nfhdh mgprpdhyp]; kw;Wk; nkhupz;lh bq;Nlhupah vd;gJ &gpNarpf;

FLk;g # kuq;fs;kuq;fs;kuq;fs;kuq;fs;

201201201201.... Gju;nrb tifiar Nru;e;j &gpNarpf; FLk;gj; jhtuk; # kpA+rhz;lh kpA+rhz;lh kpA+rhz;lh kpA+rhz;lh

202202202202.... &gpNarpf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s nkd;ikahd jz;L cila rpWnrb

tifiar; rhu;e;j jhtuk; # &gpah&gpah&gpah&gpah

203203203203.... ,iytl;l mikT nfhz;l &gpaNarp jhtuk; # Nfypak; Nfypak; Nfypak; Nfypak;

13

204204204204.... fPo;f; fz;ltw;Ws; fhk;gpil ,iyabr; nrjpy;fs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# ,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah

205205205205.... fPo;f; fz;litfspy; Nfhz ,iyabr; nrjpy;fs; nfhz;l jhtuk;

# fhu;bdpahfhu;bdpahfhu;bdpahfhu;bdpah

206206206206.... ~~~~fhu;bdpah | jhtu kQ;rup tif # Edp (my;yJ) Nfhz irNkh];Edp (my;yJ) Nfhz irNkh];Edp (my;yJ) Nfhz irNkh];Edp (my;yJ) Nfhz irNkh];

207207207207.... ~~ Nfhupk;Ngh]; irNkh];|| kQ;rup fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# ,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpah

208208208208.... nfhj;Jg; Nghd;W irNkh]; kQ;rupfs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # Me;Njh nr/ghy]; ,d;bf]; (flk;g kuk;)Me;Njh nr/ghy]; ,d;bf]; (flk;g kuk;)Me;Njh nr/ghy]; ,d;bf]; (flk;g kuk;)Me;Njh nr/ghy]; ,d;bf]; (flk;g kuk;)

209209209209.... #yf fPo; kyu;fs; nfhz;L fhzg;gLk; FLk;gk; # &gpNarp&gpNarp&gpNarp&gpNarp

210210210210.... gfl;lhd tz;zj;Jld; ngupa my;yp Nghd;w Gy;ypapjo; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# kpA+]hz;lhkpA+]hz;lhkpA+]hz;lhkpA+]hz;lh

211211211211.... &gpNarpf; FLk;gj; jhtuj;jpy; njhL ,joiktpy; mike;j ngupa Gy;yp

tl;lj;jpy; xU Gy;yp ,jo; kl;Lk; ngupajhf fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# kpA+]hz;lhkpA+]hz;lhkpA+]hz;lhkpA+]hz;lh

212212212212.... &gpNarpf; FLk;g jhtu kyupy; my;yp ,jo;fs; Foy; Nghd;w gFjpAld;

nrq;Fj;jhf fhzg;gLk; mikg;gpd; ngau;

# i`g;Ngh fpuhl;lup tbtk; (m) rhy;tu; tbtk; i`g;Ngh fpuhl;lup tbtk; (m) rhy;tu; tbtk; i`g;Ngh fpuhl;lup tbtk; (m) rhy;tu; tbtk; i`g;Ngh fpuhl;lup tbtk; (m) rhy;tu; tbtk;

213213213213.... &gpNarpf; FLk;gj;jpy; #y;fs; vk;Kiwapy; mike;Js;sd?

# mr;R #y; xl;L Kiwmr;R #y; xl;L Kiwmr;R #y; xl;L Kiwmr;R #y; xl;L Kiw

214214214214.... xw;iw #y; jz;L Edpapy; ,uz;lhf gpsTg;gl;L fhzg;gLk; jhtuf;

FLk;gk; # &gpNarp&gpNarp&gpNarp&gpNarp

215215215215.... Ie;J #yf ,iyfs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # fhu;bdpahfhu;bdpahfhu;bdpahfhu;bdpah

216216216216.... ,f;N]huh fdp tif # ngu;upngu;upngu;upngu;up

217217217217.... &gpNarpf; FLk;gj; jhtuj;jpy; ntbfdp nfhz;Ls;s jhtuk;

# rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];

218218218218.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtuj;jpy; $l;Lf; fdp tifiar; rhu;e;jJ?

# nkhupz;lh bq;Nlupahnkhupz;lh bq;Nlupahnkhupz;lh bq;Nlupahnkhupz;lh bq;Nlupah

219219219219.... ,f;N]huh fhf;]pdpahtpd; kyu; tha;g;ghL

# Br., Brl., , , K (4), C(4) A4, G(2)

220220220220.... fhgpd; vd;w; My;fyha;L cs;s jhtuk; # fh.gpah muhgpfh (fh/ gpnrb)fh.gpah muhgpfh (fh/ gpnrb)fh.gpah muhgpfh (fh/ gpnrb)fh.gpah muhgpfh (fh/ gpnrb)

221221221221.... kNyupahf; fha;r;riyf; Fzg;gLj;Jk; ~Fapidd; | vd;w kUe;J ngwg;gLk;

jhtuk; # rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh m/gprpdhyp];

222222222222.... G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp rhW nfhLf;Fk; jhtuj;jpd; fdp # uhd;bah bq;Nlhupahuhd;bah bq;Nlhupahuhd;bah bq;Nlhupahuhd;bah bq;Nlhupah

223223223223.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtu Ntu;fspypUe;J ~myprupd;| kw;Wk; ~gu;Gupd;| rhaq;fs;

ngwg;gLfpd;wJ? # &gpah bq;Nlhupah (Nklu;)&gpah bq;Nlhupah (Nklu;)&gpah bq;Nlhupah (Nklu;)&gpah bq;Nlhupah (Nklu;)

224224224224.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; rptg;G rhak; jUk; jhtuk;

# Xy;ld; Nyz;bah mk;ngy;Nyl;lhXy;ld; Nyz;bah mk;ngy;Nyl;lhXy;ld; Nyz;bah mk;ngy;Nyl;lhXy;ld; Nyz;bah mk;ngy;Nyl;lh

225225225225.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtug; gl;ilfspypUe;J kQ;rs; rhak; gpupj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ?

# nnnnkkkkhhhhuuuuppppzzzz;;;;llllhhhh mmmmqqqq;;;;FFFF]]]];;;;bbbb////NNNNgggghhhhyyyyppppaaaahhhh

14

226226226226.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ fl;ilj; jUk; jhtuk; ?

# mildh mildh mildh mildh fhu;b/Nghypah (kQ;rf; flk;G)fhu;b/Nghypah (kQ;rf; flk;G)fhu;b/Nghypah (kQ;rf; flk;G)fhu;b/Nghypah (kQ;rf; flk;G)

227227227227.... &gpNarpf; FLk;gj;jpy; fl;ilj; jUk; jhtuk;

# nkhupz;lh bq;Nlhupah (Edhkuk;)nkhupz;lh bq;Nlhupah (Edhkuk;)nkhupz;lh bq;Nlhupah (Edhkuk;)nkhupz;lh bq;Nlhupah (Edhkuk;)

228228228228.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; moFf;fhf jhtuj;Njhl;lj;jpy; tsu;;f;fg;gLtJ

# fhu;bdpah [h];kpdha;l]; (gd;dPu;g; G+)fhu;bdpah [h];kpdha;l]; (gd;dPu;g; G+)fhu;bdpah [h];kpdha;l]; (gd;dPu;g; G+)fhu;bdpah [h];kpdha;l]; (gd;dPu;g; G+)

229229229229.... ntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nghupah xU # kuk;kuk;kuk;kuk;

230230230230.... rpukQ;rupahdJ jdpkyuhf FWf;fk; mile;Js;s jhtuk; # vf;fpdhg;];vf;fpdhg;];vf;fpdhg;];vf;fpdhg;];

231231231231.... xU jug;gl;l rpukQ;rup (N`hNkhNfk];)fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # yhdpahyhdpahyhdpahyhdpah

232232232232.... kyUk; jhtuq;fSs; 900 Ngupdq;fs; nfhz;l kpfg;ngupaf; FLk;gk;

# M];;l;Nurp (#upa fhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )M];;l;Nurp (#upa fhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )M];;l;Nurp (#upa fhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )M];;l;Nurp (#upa fhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )

233233233233.... ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; Mz;l;Nu]pf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s Ngupdq;fs; kw;Wk;

rpw;wpdq;fs; vz;zpf;if # 138 Ngupdq;fs; 708 rpw;wpdq;fs;138 Ngupdq;fs; 708 rpw;wpdq;fs;138 Ngupdq;fs; 708 rpw;wpdq;fs;138 Ngupdq;fs; 708 rpw;wpdq;fs;

234234234234.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; gy Mz;L rpWnrbf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

# A+gNlhupak; A+gNlhupak; A+gNlhupak; A+gNlhupak; XNlhNul;lk;XNlhNul;lk;XNlhNul;lk;XNlhNul;lk;

235235235235.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; M];l;Nurpf;FLk;gj;jpy; Gju; nrb tifiar; rhu;e;jJ

# nrdpnrdpnrdpnrdp\\\\ppppNNNNahahahah

236236236236.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; vf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;j jhtuq;fspy; Ntu; kw;Wk;

jz;Lfspy; vz;nza;f; Foha;fSk;> epwkw;w Nyl;lf;]Pk; fhzg;gLtJ

# M];l;Nurp ( #hpafhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )M];l;Nurp ( #hpafhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )M];l;Nurp ( #hpafhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )M];l;Nurp ( #hpafhe;jpf; FLk;gk; )

237237237237.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Ntu;f; fpoq;Ffs; fhzg;gLtJ? # lhypah fhfh]pdpahlhypah fhfh]pdpahlhypah fhfh]pdpahlhypah fhfh]pdpah

238238238238.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; jz;Lf; fpoq;F fhzg;gLtJ # `Pypahe;j]; bA+gNuhr];`Pypahe;j]; bA+gNuhr];`Pypahe;j]; bA+gNuhr];`Pypahe;j]; bA+gNuhr];

239239239239.... fPo;fz;litfspy; jiufPo; XLjz;L fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# fpiurhe;jpkk; ,d;bfk; ( mf;fufhuk; )fpiurhe;jpkk; ,d;bfk; ( mf;fufhuk; )fpiurhe;jpkk; ,d;bfk; ( mf;fufhuk; )fpiurhe;jpkk; ,d;bfk; ( mf;fufhuk; )

240240240240.... M];l;Nurpf; FLk;g jhtuq;fspy; XLjz;L fhzg;gLtJ

# yhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplh

241241241241.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtu ,iyfspy; $l;biy kw;Wk; khw;wpiyaikT

nfhz;Ls;sJ # ntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nghupahghupahghupahghupah

242242242242.... tl;l ,iyaikT vj;jhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ? # A+gNlhupak; XNlhNul;lk;A+gNlhupak; XNlhNul;lk;A+gNlhupak; XNlhNul;lk;A+gNlhupak; XNlhNul;lk;

243243243243.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ Ntuz;ik ,iyaikT nfhz;l jhtuk;

# yhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/gplh

244244244244.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; vj;jhtuj;jpy; J}tpfs; nkd;ikahd Kl;fshf

khwpAs;sJ ? # fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];

245245245245.... M];l;Nurpf; FLk;g kyu;fspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;G tif kQ;rup

# fhgpLyk; my;yJ rpukQ;rupfhgpLyk; my;yJ rpukQ;rupfhgpLyk; my;yJ rpukQ;rupfhgpLyk; my;yJ rpukQ;rup

246246246246.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpy; ,Ujug;gl;l rpukQ;rupapy; ,U tifahd rpWkyu;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # `Pypahe;j]; MD`Pypahe;j]; MD`Pypahe;j]; MD`Pypahe;j]; MDtttt];];];];

247247247247.... gpd;tUk; M];l;Nurp FLk;g jhtu kQ;rupapd; ikaj;jpYs;s Foy;

rpWkyu;fs; ,t;thWk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ # tl;L rpWkyu;fs;tl;L rpWkyu;fs;tl;L rpWkyu;fs;tl;L rpWkyu;fs;

222244448888.... #hpaf;fhe;jpf; FLk;g jhtuj;jpy; kyupd; tpspk;gpYs;s ehtbt rpWkyu;fs;

15

vt;thW miof;fg;ngWk; # fjpu; rpWkyu;fs; (fjpu; rpWkyu;fs; (fjpu; rpWkyu;fs; (fjpu; rpWkyu;fs; (♀))))

249249249249.... xU jug;gl;l rpu kQ;rupapy; midj;J rpWkyu;fSk; Foy; kyu;fshf

fhzg;gLk jhtuk; # ntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nghupahntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nghupahntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nghupahntu;Ndhdpah Mu;Nghupah

250250250250.... gpd;tUk vj;jhtu kyupy; midj;J rpWkyu;fSk; ehtbt rpWkyu;fshf

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # yhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/ gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/ gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/ gplhyhdpah gpd;Ndl;b/ gplh

251251251251.... gpd;tUk; vf;FLk;gj;jhtur; rpw;wpdq;fspy; Gy;yptl;lk; FWf;fike;J

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # M];l;NurpM];l;NurpM];l;NurpM];l;Nurp

252252252252.... M];l;Nurpf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s jhtukyu;fspy; #y;xl;L Kiw vt;thW

mike;Js;sJ? # mbr;#y; xl;L Kiwmbr;#y; xl;L Kiwmbr;#y; xl;L Kiwmbr;#y; xl;L Kiw

253253253253.... #hpa fhe;jpf;FLk;g jhtu ntbah cyu;fdp vt;tifiar; Nru;e;jJ?

# rpg;nry;yhrpg;nry;yhrpg;nry;yhrpg;nry;yh

254254254254.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; rpd;n[dp\pa]; kfue;j jhs;fs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# biulhf;]; GNuhf;Fk;gd;];biulhf;]; GNuhf;Fk;gd;];biulhf;]; GNuhf;Fk;gd;];biulhf;]; GNuhf;Fk;gd;];

255255255255.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; biulhf;]; GNuhf;fk;gd;]pd; Foy;rpWkyupd; kyu;

tha;g;glhL # Br., Ebrl., , ♀, K ∞ , C(5) A(5), G(2)

256256256256.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; biulhf;]; GNuhf;fk;gd;]; fjpu;rpWkyupd; kyu; tha;g;ghL

# Br., Ebrl., %, ♀,K∞ C(5), A0, G(2)

257257257257.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtu tpijfspypUe;Jg; ngwg;gLk; rikay; vz;nza; ,ja

NehahspfSf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ? # fhu;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa]; ( rhg;/stu;)fhu;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa]; ( rhg;/stu;)fhu;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa]; ( rhg;/stu;)fhu;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa]; ( rhg;/stu;)

258258258258.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; Fspay; vz;nza; jahupf;fg; gad;gLtJ?

# vf;ypg;lh GNuh];l;Nul;lh (fupryvf;ypg;lh GNuh];l;Nul;lh (fupryvf;ypg;lh GNuh];l;Nul;lh (fupryvf;ypg;lh GNuh];l;Nul;lh (fupryhq;fz;zp)hq;fz;zp)hq;fz;zp)hq;fz;zp)

259259259259.... fPo;f;fz;litfspYs;s vj;jhtuj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; kUe;J rpWFlypYs;s

tisj;jir GOf;fis ntspNaw;w gad;gLfpd;wJ?

#Mu;l;bkprpah khupl;bkhMu;l;bkprpah khupl;bkhMu;l;bkprpah khupl;bkhMu;l;bkprpah khupl;bkh

260260260260.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpypUe;j gl;Lj;JzpfSf;F rhaNkw;wg; gad;gLk;

,aw;ifahd rptg;G rhak; fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ? # fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];fhu;j;jhk]; bq;Nlhupa];

261261261261.... gUj;jp JzpfSf;f kQ;rs; rhaNkw;wg; gad;gLk; jhtu kyu;fs;

vjpypUe;Jg;ngwg;gLfpwJ? # lh[pl]; vnuf;lhlh[pl]; vnuf;lhlh[pl]; vnuf;lhlh[pl]; vnuf;lh

262262262262.... nfhRtpul;bahfg; gad;gLk; igupj;jpuk; jUk; jhtuk;

# fpiurhe;jpkk; rpdNuup/Nghypak;fpiurhe;jpkk; rpdNuup/Nghypak;fpiurhe;jpkk; rpdNuup/Nghypak;fpiurhe;jpkk; rpdNuup/Nghypak;

263263263263.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpypUe;J rpf;fup ngwg;gLfpd;wJ?

# rpf;Nfhupak; ,d;bg]; (fhrpdpf;fPiu)rpf;Nfhupak; ,d;bg]; (fhrpdpf;fPiu)rpf;Nfhupak; ,d;bg]; (fhrpdpf;fPiu)rpf;Nfhupak; ,d;bg]; (fhrpdpf;fPiu)

264264264264.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ moFj;jhtukhf tsu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ?

# [pd;dpah vnynfd;];[pd;dpah vnynfd;];[pd;dpah vnynfd;];[pd;dpah vnynfd;];

265265265265.... nrhyhNdrp ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Jiw # ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];ghypNkhdpNay;];

266266266266.... eLeuk;G kw;Wk; gf;f euk;Gfspd; kPJ kQ;rs; epw Kl;fs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk;

267267267267.... #ypiyfs; Neu;f;Nfhl;by; mikahky; rw;W rha;thf mike;Js;s

kyu;fSila FLk;gk; # nrhyhNdrpnrhyhNdrpnrhyhNdrpnrhyhNdrp

16

268268268268.... nrhyhdj;jpy; cs;s Ngupdq;fs; vz;zpf;if # 90 Ngupdq;fs;90 Ngupdq;fs;90 Ngupdq;fs;90 Ngupdq;fs;

269269269269.... ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s nrhyhNdrpf;FLk;gj; jhtuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

# 21 Ngupdq;fs; 70 rpw;wpdq;fs;21 Ngupdq;fs; 70 rpw;wpdq;fs;21 Ngupdq;fs; 70 rpw;wpdq;fs;21 Ngupdq;fs; 70 rpw;wpdq;fs;

270270270270.... nrhyhdk; nkyhQ;rpdh (fj;jup) vd;gJ # Xuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrb

271271271271.... nrhyhNdrpf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s Gju;nrb jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

# nrhyhdk; lhu;tk; (Rz;ilf;fha;)nrhyhdk; lhu;tk; (Rz;ilf;fha;)nrhyhdk; lhu;tk; (Rz;ilf;fha;)nrhyhdk; lhu;tk; (Rz;ilf;fha;)

272272272272.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; nrhyhNdrpf; FLk;g kuk; # nrhyhdk; n[a;[hd;nrhyhdk; n[a;[hd;nrhyhdk; n[a;[hd;nrhyhdk; n[a;[hd;\\\\pak;pak;pak;pak;

273273273273.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj; jz;by; epkpu;e;j Kl;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# nrhyhdk; nrhyhdk; nrhyhdk; nrhyhdk; rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk; (fz;lq;fj;jpup)rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk; (fz;lq;fj;jpup)rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk; (fz;lq;fj;jpup)rhe;Njhfhu;g;gk; (fz;lq;fj;jpup)

274274274274.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; jz;L nkd;ikahfTk;> fl;ilj; jd;ikAlDk;

fpisfSldk;> J}tpfisAk; cilaJ?

# ngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh epf;Nfhl;bahdh mNyl;lhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh epf;Nfhl;bahdh mNyl;lhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh epf;Nfhl;bahdh mNyl;lhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh epf;Nfhl;bahdh mNyl;lh

275275275275.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; jz;L fpoq;F khw;wkile;Js;sJ? # nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;

276276276276.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; KOikahd ,iyiaAk;> vjpupiyaikTk;

nfhz;Ls;sJ? # ngl;Ldpah i`gpupahngl;Ldpah i`gpupahngl;Ldpah i`gpupahngl;Ldpah i`gpupah

277277277277.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; Nfhzk; tpyfpa ];fhu;gpaha;L irNkh]; kQ;rup

(iugpbak;) fhzg;gLfpwJ? # nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;

278278278278.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtuq;fspy; vJ jdpj;j ,iyf;Nfhz irNkh]; kQ;rup

nfhz;Ls;sJ? # lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;

279279279279.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtuj;jpy; n`ypf;fha;L irNkh]; kQ;rup fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;nrhyhdk; bA+gNuhrk;

280280280280.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; mk;ngy;Nyl; irNkh]; kQ;rup fhzg;gLfpd;wJ

# itj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguhitj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguhitj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguhitj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguh

281281281281.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; G+tbr; nrjpYila jhtuk; # ngl;Ldpah i`gpuplhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh

282282282282.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; vj;jhtuj;jpy; G+tbr; nrjpy; fhzg;gltpy;iy?

# nrhyhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)nrhyhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)nrhyhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)nrhyhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)

283283283283.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; Mur;rkr;rPUila kyu; fhzg;gLfpwJ?

# lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;

284284284284.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ,Ugf;f rkr;rPUila kyu; cila jhtuk;

# iiii\\\\rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];

285285285285.... fPo;f;fz;l ________________________ jhtuj;jpy; Foy; mikg;Gld;

njhL ,joikTld; Gy;ypfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ. # lhl;̂ uh nkl;ly; (Ckj;ij)lhl;̂ uh nkl;ly; (Ckj;ij)lhl;̂ uh nkl;ly; (Ckj;ij)lhl;̂ uh nkl;ly; (Ckj;ij)

286286286286.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtuj;jpy; jOT ,joikTld; Gy;ypfs; fhzg;gLtJ

# ngl;Ldpah i`gpuplhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplhngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh

287287287287.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtuq;fspy; kzptbtj;jpy; epiyj;j Gy;yptl;lk; nfhz;lJ vJ?

# nrhyhdk; nknrhyhdk; nknrhyhdk; nknrhyhdk; nkyhQ;rpdh (fj;jup)yhQ;rpdh (fj;jup)yhQ;rpdh (fj;jup)yhQ;rpdh (fj;jup)

288288288288.... fPo;f;fz;l vf;FLk;gj;jhtuj;jpy; iftprpwpapd; kbe;j ,jo;fs; (gpypf;Nfl;)

Nghd;w my;ypfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # nrhyhNdrpnrhyhNdrpnrhyhNdrpnrhyhNdrp

289289289289.... mb xl;lba kfue;jfk;gpfs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;

290290290290.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; tskhd ,uz;L kfue;jhs;fSk;> %d;w kyl;L

17

kfue;jjhs;fSk; FWf;fk; mile;Js;s jhtuk; # iiii\\\\rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];rhd;j]; gpd;Ndl;l];

291291291291.... nrhyhNdrpf;FLk;gj;jpy; #y;fs; vk;Kiwapy; mike;Js;sd?

# mr;R #y; xl;LKiw mr;R #y; xl;LKiw mr;R #y; xl;LKiw mr;R #y; xl;LKiw

292292292292.... nrhyhNdrp FLk;gj;ij rhu;e;j gpd;tUk; jhtuq;fspy; vj;jhtuj;jpy; ngu;up

tiff; fdp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # iyf;Nfhngu;rpfhd; v];Fyz;lk; (jf;fhsp)iyf;Nfhngu;rpfhd; v];Fyz;lk; (jf;fhsp)iyf;Nfhngu;rpfhd; v];Fyz;lk; (jf;fhsp)iyf;Nfhngu;rpfhd; v];Fyz;lk; (jf;fhsp)

293293293293.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtur; rpw;wpdq;fspy; ntbfdpfs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuq;fs;

# lhl;̂ uh lhl;̂ uh lhl;̂ uh lhl;̂ uh & ngl;Ldpahngl;Ldpahngl;Ldpahngl;Ldpah

294294294294.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; jirtypia ePf;fg; gad;gLk; ~~ml;Nuhgpd;|| vd;Dk;

my;fha;L ngwg;gLk; jhtuk; ml;Nuhgh ngy;y Nlhdhml;Nuhgh ngy;y Nlhdhml;Nuhgh ngy;y Nlhdhml;Nuhgh ngy;y Nlhdh

295295295295.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs; kw;Wk; G+f;fspypUe;J ~~];l;uhNkhdpak;||

vd;Dk; kUe;J fpilf;Fk; jhtuk; # lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;

296296296296.... M];Jkh ff;Fthd; ,UkYf;F kUe;jhfg; gad;gLk; jhtuk;

# lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;̂ uh ];l;uhNkhdpak;

297297297297.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs;> kyu;fs;> kw;Wk; ngu;upfdpfs; ,UkYf;F

kUe;jhfg; gad;gLfpd;wJ? # nrhyhdk; l;iuNyhNgl;lk; (J}Jtis)nrhyhdk; l;iuNyhNgl;lk; (J}Jtis)nrhyhdk; l;iuNyhNgl;lk; (J}Jtis)nrhyhdk; l;iuNyhNgl;lk; (J}Jtis)

298298298298.... fPo;f;fhZk; vj;jhtj;jpd; ,iyfs;> Ntu;fs; lhdpf;fhfTk;> euk;Gj;

jsu;r;rpiaf; Fzg;gLj;jTk;> rpWePu;Nghf;;fpidj; J}z;lTk; gad;gLfpd;wJ?

# itj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguh (mKf;fpuh)itj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguh (mKf;fpuh)itj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguh (mKf;fpuh)itj;jhdpah rhk;dp/nguh (mKf;fpuh)

299299299299.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ve;j jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs; epf;Nfhl;bd;> ehu;epf;Nfhl;bd;

kw;Wk; mdNgrpd; Nghd;w my;fyha;Lfs; nfhz;Ls;sJ?

# epf;Nfhl;bahdh nlhghf;fk; (Gifapiy)epf;Nfhl;bahdh nlhghf;fk; (Gifapiy)epf;Nfhl;bahdh nlhghf;fk; (Gifapiy)epf;Nfhl;bahdh nlhghf;fk; (Gifapiy)

300300300300.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; euk;GfSf;F mikjpA+l;Lk; kUe;jhfTk;> jir gpbg;G

Ntjidf;F kUe;jhfTk;> g+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;jhfTk;> gad;gLtJ vJ?

# epf;Nfhl;bd;epf;Nfhl;bd;epf;Nfhl;bd;epf;Nfhl;bd;

301301301301.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ gfy; ky;yp MFk;? # nr];l;uk; ilA+u;dk;nr];l;uk; ilA+u;dk;nr];l;uk; ilA+u;dk;nr];l;uk; ilA+u;dk;

302302302302.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ ,uT ky;yp MFk; ? # nr];l;uk; ehf;lu;dk;nr];l;uk; ehf;lu;dk;nr];l;uk; ehf;lu;dk;nr];l;uk; ehf;lu;dk;

303303303303.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ myq;fhuj;jpw;fhf Njhl;lq;fspy; tsu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ?

# ngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh (,sk; rptg;G kyu;)ngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh (,sk; rptg;G kyu;)ngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh (,sk; rptg;G kyu;)ngl;Ldpah i`gpuplh (,sk; rptg;G kyu;)

304304304304.... A+/Nghu;gpNarp FLk;gj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ngupdq;fs; # 300300300300

305305305305.... up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; xU # Fw;W kuk;Fw;W kuk;Fw;W kuk;Fw;W kuk;

306306306306.... fpshNlhLf;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;L # A+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;spA+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;spA+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;spA+/Nghu;gpah jpUf;fs;sp

307307307307.... `PtpahgpNurpypad;]p]; jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs;

# %d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy%d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy%d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy%d;W rpw;wpiyfisAila $l;biy

308308308308.... A+/Nghu;gpNarpf;FLk;g jhtu Ngupdk;> kw;Wk; rpw;wpdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

# 300 Ngupdq;fs; 7500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs300 Ngupdq;fs; 7500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs300 Ngupdq;fs; 7500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs300 Ngupdq;fs; 7500 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;;;;

309309309309.... gpd;tUk; vf;FLk;gj; jhtuq;fs; Mg;gpupf;fh kw;Wk; njd; mnkupf;fhtpy;

mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd? # A+/Nghu;gpNarp (Mkzf;F FLk;gk; )A+/Nghu;gpNarp (Mkzf;F FLk;gk; )A+/Nghu;gpNarp (Mkzf;F FLk;gk; )A+/Nghu;gpNarp (Mkzf;F FLk;gk; )

310310310310.... ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s A+/Nghu;gpNarpf; FLk;g Ngupd rpw;wpdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

# 70 Ngupdq;fs; 450 f;Fk;70 Ngupdq;fs; 450 f;Fk;70 Ngupdq;fs; 450 f;Fk;70 Ngupdq;fs; 450 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;

311311311311.... gpd;tUk; vf;FLk;gj;jpy; mjpf msT Xuhz;L rpWnrbfisf;nfhz;Ls;sJ?

# A+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarp

18

312312312312.... gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu]; vd;gJ # Xuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrbXuhz;L rpWnrb

313313313313.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ A+/Nghu;gpNarpf; FLk;gj;jpy; kuk;?

# gpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fhgpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fhgpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fhgpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fh

314314314314.... gpd;tUk; vf;FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s jhtuq;fs; clyg;Gw gz;GfspYk;>

,d;g;ngUf;fg; gz;GfspYk; gythW khWgl;Lf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd?

# A+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarp

315315315315.... vf;FLk;gj; jhtuj;jpy; vy;yhj; jhtuq;fspYk; ghy; Nghd;w my;yJ ePu;k

Nyl;lf;]; jputk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # A+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarpA+/Nghu;gpNarp

316316316316.... gpd;tUk; jhtuj;jpy; epkpu;e;j my;yJ epyk; glu;e;j jz;bidf; nfhz;lJ

# A+/GNuh];l;Nul;lhA+/GNuh];l;Nul;lhA+/GNuh];l;Nul;lhA+/GNuh];l;Nul;lh

317317317317.... gpd;tUk; vjDila jz;L cUisahfTk; fpisj;Jk;> kw;Wk; fl;ilj;

jd;ikAlDk; cl;Fopiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ? # up]pd]; fk;A+dp];up]pd]; fk;A+dp];up]pd]; fk;A+dp];up]pd]; fk;A+dp];

318318318318.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vjpy; ghy; Nghd;w Nyl;lf;]; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# A+. jpUf;fs;spA+. jpUf;fs;spA+. jpUf;fs;spA+. jpUf;fs;sp

319319319319.... ePu;k; Nyl;lf;];; ngw;Ws;s jhtuk; vJ? # [l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];[l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];[l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];[l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];

320320320320.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; vjd; ,iyfs; ,iyf;fhk;GlDk;> khw;wpiy mikitAk;

nfhz;Ls;sJ? # up]pd]; fk;A+dp];up]pd]; fk;A+dp];up]pd]; fk;A+dp];up]pd]; fk;A+dp];

321321321321.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpd; ,iyabr; nrjpy;fs; ,izahd Kl;fshf khwpf;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # A+. ];gpyd;nld;];A+. ];gpyd;nld;];A+. ];gpyd;nld;];A+. ];gpyd;nld;];

322322322322.... gpd;tUk; tws;epy ,iyabr; nrjpy;fs; Nuhkr; Rug;gpfshf khwpAs;sd?

# [l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];[l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];[l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];[l;Nuh/gh Fu;f];

323323323323.... gpd;tUk; tws;epy rpw;wpdq;fspy; ,iyfs; FWf;fkile;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# A+/Nghu;gpah A+/Nghu;gpah A+/Nghu;gpah A+/Nghu;gpah

324324324324.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpd; irahj;jpd; kQ;rupiar; #o;e;Js;s ,iyfs;

gfl;lhd tz;zKld; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # A+/gyNrupkh (ghy;ngUf;fp kuk;)A+/gyNrupkh (ghy;ngUf;fp kuk;)A+/gyNrupkh (ghy;ngUf;fp kuk;)A+/gyNrupkh (ghy;ngUf;fp kuk;)

325325325325.... A+/Nghu;gpah jhtuj;jpy; cs;s rpwg;g kQ;rup vJ? # irahj;jpak;irahj;jpak;irahj;jpak;irahj;jpak;

326326326326.... irahj;jpa kQ;rupapd; Mz;kyu;fs; vk;Kiwapy; mike;Js;sd?

# ikak; tpyfpa mikT Kiwikak; tpyfpa mikT Kiwikak; tpyfpa mikT Kiwikak; tpyfpa mikT Kiw

327327327327.... gpd;tUk; vk;kQ;rupapd; ntspg;gwj;jpy; kJRug;gp fhzg;gLfpwJ?

# irahj;jpak;irahj;jpak;irahj;jpak;irahj;jpak;

328328328328.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpy; ghdpf;fps; kQ;;rup fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?#uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];

329329329329.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpd; kQ;rup jdpj;j nurpNkh]; tifiar; rhu;e;jJ?

# FNuhl;ld; ];ghu;rp/GNshu]; (vyp Mkzf;F)FNuhl;ld; ];ghu;rp/GNshu]; (vyp Mkzf;F)FNuhl;ld; ];ghu;rp/GNshu]; (vyp Mkzf;F)FNuhl;ld; ];ghu;rp/GNshu]; (vyp Mkzf;F)

330330330330.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpy; Nfl;fpd; kQ;rup fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# mf;fhyp/gh ,d;bfh (Fg;igNkdp)mf;fhyp/gh ,d;bfh (Fg;igNkdp)mf;fhyp/gh ,d;bfh (Fg;igNkdp)mf;fhyp/gh ,d;bfh (Fg;igNkdp)

331331331331.... gpd;tUtw;Ws; Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; kyu;fs; jdpj;J ,iyf;Nfhzj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ # gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];

332332332332.... gpd;tUk; vf;FLk;gj;jpy; #yf Nky; kyu;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?# A+/nghu;gpNarpA+/nghu;gpNarpA+/nghu;gpNarpA+/nghu;gpNarp

333333333333.... fPo;f; fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; Mz;kyu;fs; ,U G+tpjo;tl;lq;fisAk; ngz;

kyu;fs; xU G+tpjo; tl;lj;ijAk; cilaJ? # FNuhl;ld; ];hu;rp/GNshu];FNuhl;ld; ];hu;rp/GNshu];FNuhl;ld; ];hu;rp/GNshu];FNuhl;ld; ];hu;rp/GNshu];

333333334444.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpy; G+tpjo;fs; mw;w Mz; kw;Wk; ngz;kyu;fs;

19

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # A+/Nghu;gpahA+/Nghu;gpahA+/Nghu;gpahA+/Nghu;gpah

335335335335.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtu kyu;fs; jdpj;j G+tpjo;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd?

# gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu];

336336336336.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtu kyu;fspy; ,ize;j G+tpjo;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];

337337337337.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtu kyu;fs; gy fw;iwahyhd kfue;jjhs;fisAk;> kw;Wk;

fpisj;j kfue;jf; fk;gpfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ? # uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];

338338338338.... A+/Nghu;gpNarpf; FLk;gj;jpy; #y;fs; vk;Kiwapy; mike;Js;sd?

# mr;R #y;xl;L Kiwmr;R #y;xl;L Kiwmr;R #y;xl;L Kiwmr;R #y;xl;L Kiw

339339339339.... A+/Nghu;gpNarpf; FLk;gj;jpy; fdp vt;tifiar; rhu;e;jJ?

# gpsTf; fdp my;yJ l;&g;gpsTf; fdp my;yJ l;&g;gpsTf; fdp my;yJ l;&g;gpsTf; fdp my;yJ l;&g;

340340340340.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpy; fdpahdJ gpsTw;W xw;iw tpijiaf; nfhz;l

%d;W fhf;f];fshf gpupfpwJ? # uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (nuf;kh tiff;fdp)uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (nuf;kh tiff;fdp)uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (nuf;kh tiff;fdp)uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (nuf;kh tiff;fdp)

341341341341.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; nuf;kh tiff; fdpAilaJ vj;jhtufdpapy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? #uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];uprpd]; fk;A+dp];

342342342342.... up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; jhtuj;jpd; 5 G+tpjo;fs; vk;Kiwapy; mike;Js;sd?

# njhL ,jo; mikTnjhL ,jo; mikTnjhL ,jo; mikTnjhL ,jo; mikT

343343343343.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; kyl;L #yfk; vjpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mz;kyu;)uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mz;kyu;)uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mz;kyu;)uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mz;kyu;)

344344344344.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; jhtu Mz;kyu; tha;g;ghL vJ?

# Br., Ebrl., ., ♂.,P(5).,A∞ ,G0

345345345345.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; kyl;L kfue;jj;jhs;fs; vjpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# uprpd]; uprpd]; uprpd]; uprpd]; fk;A+dp];fk;A+dp];fk;A+dp];fk;A+dp]; (ngz;kyu;)(ngz;kyu;)(ngz;kyu;)(ngz;kyu;)

346346346346.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; jhtu ngz;kyu; tha;g;ghL vJ?

# Br., Ebrl., ,♀, P(3),A0 ,G(3)

347347347347.... kyupy; xU G+tpjo;tl;lKila jhtuk; vJ? FNuhl;ld; ngz; kyu;FNuhl;ld; ngz; kyu;FNuhl;ld; ngz; kyu;FNuhl;ld; ngz; kyu;

348348348348.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; ];lhu;r;R epiwe;j fpoq;F Ntupidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ?

# khdp`hl; v];Fnyz;lh (kuts;sp)khdp`hl; v];Fnyz;lh (kuts;sp)khdp`hl; v];Fnyz;lh (kuts;sp)khdp`hl; v];Fnyz;lh (kuts;sp)

349349349349.... itl;lkpd; C mjpfKila jhtuf;fdpfisAk;> czthfTk;> CWfha;

NghlTk; gad;gLk; jhtuk; # /gpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fh (ney;yp)gpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fh (ney;yp)gpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fh (ney;yp)gpy;yhe;j]; vk;gpspf;fh (ney;yp)

350350350350.... ,ae;jpucaT vz;nza; rikay; vz;nza; kw;Wk; tapw;Wg;

Nghf;fpidj;J}z;Lk; kUe;J ngwg;gLk; jhtu tpijfs vj;jhtuj;jpypUe;J

ngwg;gLfpd;wJ? # up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mkzf;F)up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mkzf;F)up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mkzf;F)up]pd]; fk;A+dp]; (Mkzf;F)

351351351351.... vj;jhtuj;jpd; tpijfspypUe;J tapw;Wg; Nghf;fpidj; J}z;Lk; kUe;Jk;>

Njhy;tpahjpfisf; Fzg;gLj;Jk;> kUe;Jk; kw;Wk; igNah Bry; vz;nza;

jahupf;fTk; gad;gLfpwJ? # [l;Nuh/gh Fu;fh]; (fhl;lhkzf;F)[l;Nuh/gh Fu;fh]; (fhl;lhkzf;F)[l;Nuh/gh Fu;fh]; (fhl;lhkzf;F)[l;Nuh/gh Fu;fh]; (fhl;lhkzf;F)

352352352352.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; KOj;jhtuKk; kQ;rs; fhkhiyia Fzg;gLj;j

gad;gLtJ vJ? # gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu]; (fPohney;yp)gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu]; (fPohney;yp)gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu]; (fPohney;yp)gpy;yhe;j]; mkhu]; (fPohney;yp)

353353353353.... vj;jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs; kw;Wk; Ntu;fs; ghk;Gf;fbf;Fk;> njhONeha;f;Fk;

kUe;jhfg; gad;gLfpd;wJ? # [l;Nuh/gh fh]pg;gp/Nghypah[l;Nuh/gh fh]pg;gp/Nghypah[l;Nuh/gh fh]pg;gp/Nghypah[l;Nuh/gh fh]pg;gp/Nghypah

354354354354.... cyfj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; nkhj;j ,aw;if ,ug;gupy; 98% Nkw;gl;l ,ug;gu;

20

ngwg;gLk; jhtuq;fs; vitnait?

# `Ptpah gpNurpypad;]p]; (ghuh ,ug;gu;) `Ptpah gpNurpypad;]p]; (ghuh ,ug;gu;) `Ptpah gpNurpypad;]p]; (ghuh ,ug;gu;) `Ptpah gpNurpypad;]p]; (ghuh ,ug;gu;)

# khdp`hl; fpsh]pNahtp (kzpf;Nfhgh ,ug;gu;)khdp`hl; fpsh]pNahtp (kzpf;Nfhgh ,ug;gu;)khdp`hl; fpsh]pNahtp (kzpf;Nfhgh ,ug;gu;)khdp`hl; fpsh]pNahtp (kzpf;Nfhgh ,ug;gu;)

355355355355.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; myq;fhuj;jpw;fhf Njhl;lq;fspy; tsu;f;fg;gLgit

vitnait?

# A+/Nghu;gpah gy;Nrupkh A+/Nghu;gpah gy;Nrupkh A+/Nghu;gpah gy;Nrupkh A+/Nghu;gpah gy;Nrupkh # Nfhbak; NtupNfhl;lk; Nfhbak; NtupNfhl;lk; Nfhbak; NtupNfhl;lk; Nfhbak; NtupNfhl;lk;

(Njhl;l(Njhl;l(Njhl;l(Njhl;lj;j;j;j;jpd; FNuhl;ld;) jpd; FNuhl;ld;) jpd; FNuhl;ld;) jpd; FNuhl;ld;)

# A+. jpUf;fs;sp (ghy; Gju;)A+. jpUf;fs;sp (ghy; Gju;)A+. jpUf;fs;sp (ghy; Gju;)A+. jpUf;fs;sp (ghy; Gju;)

xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuf;FLk;gk; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuf;FLk;gk; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuf;FLk;gk; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuf;FLk;gk;

kpA+Nrrp kpA+Nrrp kpA+Nrrp kpA+Nrrp ---- tiof; FLk;gk;tiof; FLk;gk;tiof; FLk;gk;tiof; FLk;gk; 353535356666. . . . gpd;tUk; vf;FLk;gj;jpy; 6 Ngupdq;fSk; 150 rpw;wpdq;fSk; cs;sd?

# kpA+Nrrp kpA+Nrrp kpA+Nrrp kpA+Nrrp ---- thiof;FLk;gk;thiof;FLk;gk;thiof;FLk;gk;thiof;FLk;gk;

353535357777. . . . ntg;g kz;lyg; gFjpfspy; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk; FLk;gj; jhtuq;fs;


353535358888. . . . ,e;jpahtpy; 2 Ngupdq;fSk; 25 rpw;wpdq;fisAk; nfhz;l jhtuf;FLk;gk;


359359359359.... njhlu;e;J gy Mz;Lfs; jiuabj; jz;lhd iuNrhk; %yk;capu;thOk;

jhtuk; # kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)

363636360000. . . . kpA+Nrrpf; FLk;gj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; mupatif kuk; vJ?

# uhtndyh klfh];fupad;]; uhtndyh klfh];fupad;]; uhtndyh klfh];fupad;]; uhtndyh klfh];fupad;];

363636361111.... gazpfspd; gid vdg;gLtJ vJ? # uhtndyh klfh];fupad;]; uhtndyh klfh];fupad;]; uhtndyh klfh];fupad;]; uhtndyh klfh];fupad;];

362. kpA+]htpy; cz;ikahd jz;L vJ? # jiuab iuNrhk;jiuab iuNrhk;jiuab iuNrhk;jiuab iuNrhk;

363636363333. . . . khNdhfhu;gpf; gy;yhz;L jhtuj;jpw;F cjhuzk; # kpA+]h (thio)kpA+]h (thio)kpA+]h (thio)kpA+]h (thio)

363636364444. . . . kpA+Nrrpf; FLk;gj;jpy; jiuf;F Nky; tsUk; fl;ilj; jd;ikcila

cz;ikj;jz;L fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # uhtndyhuhtndyhuhtndyhuhtndyh

363636365555. . . . fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; ,UtupirfspYk; ,iyaikT fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# uhtndyhuhtndyhuhtndyhuhtndyh

363636366666.... fpisj;j ];ghbf;]; kQ;rup fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # kpA+]h (thio)kpA+]h (thio)kpA+]h (thio)kpA+]h (thio)

363636367777. . . . kpA+]h vd;gJ ___________________ jhtukhFk;. # ghypNfk];ghypNfk];ghypNfk];ghypNfk];

363636368888. . . . gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vj;jhtuj;jpy; $l;Lirk; kQ;rup fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# uhtndyhuhtndyhuhtndyhuhtndyh

333369696969. . . . kpA+Nrrpf; FLk;gj;jpy; #y;fs; vk;Kiwapy; mike;Js;sd?


373737370000. . . . kpA+]htpy; fhzg;gLk; fdptif # ngu;upngu;upngu;upngu;up

373737371111. . . . uhtndyhtpy; fhzg;gLk; fdptif # ntbfdpntbfdpntbfdpntbfdp

373737372222. . . . kpA+]htpy; G+tpjo; tl;lk; mike;Js;s ,jo; mikT #njhL ,jo; mikTnjhL ,jo; mikTnjhL ,jo; mikTnjhL ,jo; mikT

373737373333. . . . kpA+]htpd; Mz;kyu; tha;g;ghL

# Br., Ebrl, ,♂,P(3+2)+1,A3+3,G0

374. kpA+]htpd; ngz;kyu; tha;g;ghL

21

# Br., Ebrl., ,♀,P (3+2)+1, A0, G(3)

373737375555.... kpA+]htpd; ,Ughy; kyu; nfhz;l jd; tha;g;ghL

# Br.,Ebrl., , , P(3+2)+1,A3+3, G(3)

373737376666.... vj;jhtu ,iyab ciwapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; rhW ey;y ghk;gpd; er;rpid

Kwpf;Fk; jpwd; tha;e;jJ? # kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)kpA+]h ghub]pahfh (thio)

373737377777.... Fl;il Nee;jpu thioapd; ,U nrhw;ngau; # kpA+]h irdd;rp];kpA+]h irdd;rp];kpA+]h irdd;rp];kpA+]h irdd;rp];

373737378888. . . . gpypg;igd;]; ehl;by; tsu;f;fg;gLk; vj;jhtuj;jpypUe;J kzpyh ehu;

ngwg;gLfpd;wJ? # kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp]; ( kzpyh ehu;j;jhtuk;)kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp]; ( kzpyh ehu;j;jhtuk;)kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp]; ( kzpyh ehu;j;jhtuk;)kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp]; ( kzpyh ehu;j;jhtuk;)

333379797979. . . . mghfh Jzp nea;jYf;Fk;> fapW jahupf;Fk; ehu; ngwg;gLtjw;Fk; gad;gLk;

jhtuk; # kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp];kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp];kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp];kpA+]h nlf;];ilyp];

383838380000. . . . ~~gazpfspd; gid|| vd;wiof;fg;gLtJ # uhtndyh klfh]; fupad;rp];uhtndyh klfh]; fupad;rp];uhtndyh klfh]; fupad;rp];uhtndyh klfh]; fupad;rp];

383838381111. . . . gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ kpA+Nrrpf; FLk;g myq;fhuj; jhtuk; MFk;?

# n`ypNfhdpahn`ypNfhdpahn`ypNfhdpahn`ypNfhdpah

mupf;Nfrp mupf;Nfrp mupf;Nfrp mupf;Nfrp ---- gidf;gidf;gidf;gidf; FLk;gk;FLk;gk;FLk;gk;FLk;gk;

383838382222. . . . mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;gk; vt;tupirapd; fPo; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ? # fhyprpNdfhyprpNdfhyprpNdfhyprpNd

383838383333. . . . mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;gj;jpYs;s Ngupdk; kw;Wk; rpw;wpdq;fs; vz;zpf;if

# 217 Ngupdq;fs; 2500f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;217 Ngupdq;fs; 2500f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;217 Ngupdq;fs; 2500f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;217 Ngupdq;fs; 2500f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;

383838384444.... ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;gj; jhtuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

# 25 Ngupdq;fs; 225f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;25 Ngupdq;fs; 225f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;25 Ngupdq;fs; 225f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;25 Ngupdq;fs; 225f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpw;wpdq;fs;

383838385555. . . . mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;g Gju;r;nrb vJ? # epgh G&l;bf;fd;];epgh G&l;bf;fd;];epgh G&l;bf;fd;];epgh G&l;bf;fd;];

383838386666. . . . vj;jhtj;jpd; iuNrhkpypUe;J Neubahf gy ,iyfs; cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd?

# epgh G&l;bf;fd;];epgh G&l;bf;fd;];epgh G&l;bf;fd;];epgh G&l;bf;fd;];

383838387777. . . . gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jz;L fZ ,ilntsp FWfpAk;> Fl;ilahfTk; gUj;Jk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ? # /Nghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];/Nghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];/Nghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];/Nghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];

383838388888. . . . mfd;w ,iyabr; gFjpiaAk;> mq;iftbt $l;biyAk; cila

mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;gj; jhtuk; # nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;

389389389389. . . . fyhk]; jhtuj;jpy; ,iyfs; vt;tiktpy; mike;Js;sJ?

# khw;wpiy mikTkhw;wpiy mikTkhw;wpiy mikTkhw;wpiy mikT

393939390000. . . . gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; mq;iftbt tpup,iz euk;gikT nfhz;l ,iyfs;

fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; # nghuhr]; gpyhngy;ypngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;ypngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;ypngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;ypngu;

393939391111. . . . /Nghdpf;]; rpy;nt];l;up]; jhtuj;jpy; __________ kQ;rup fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?

# /Nghdpf;]; rpy;nt];l;up];/Nghdpf;]; rpy;nt];l;up];/Nghdpf;]; rpy;nt];l;up];/Nghdpf;]; rpy;nt];l;up];

393939392222. . . . $l;L ];ghbf;]; kQ;rup vj;jhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ?

# Nfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguh

393939393333. . . . Filg; gidapd; ,Unrhw;ngau; # nfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguhnfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguhnfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguhnfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguh

393939394444. . . . gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ khNdhfhu;gpf; jhtuk; MFk;.

22

# nfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguhnfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguhnfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguhnfhup/gh mk;g;Fyp/nguh

393939395555. . . . mupr;Nfrpf; FLk;gj;jpy; ghypfhu;g;gpf; kw;Wk; Xupy;yj; jhtuk; vJ?

# Nfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguh

393939396666. . . . gpd;tUk; mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;gj;jpy; ghypfhu;g;gpf; kw;Wk; <hpy;yj;jhtuk; vJ?

# nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;nghuhr]; gpyhngy;yp/ngu;

393939397777. . . . ntsp mLf;fpYs;s G+tpjo;fs; ,jo;miktpYk;> cs; mLf;fpYs;s

G+tpjo;fs; jpUF ,jo; miktpYk; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk;

# /N/N/N/Nghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];ghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];ghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];ghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];

393939398888. . . . mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;gj;jpy; #y;fs; vk;Kiwapy; mike;Js;sd?


399399399399.... /Nghdpf;]; mf;fhyp];; jhtuj;jpy; #y;fs; mike;Js;s tpjk;

# mbr;#y; xl;LKiwmbr;#y; xl;LKiwmbr;#y; xl;LKiwmbr;#y; xl;LKiw

404040400000. . . . mupf;Nfrpf; FLk;gj;jpd; fdp # l;&g;l;&g;l;&g;l;&g;

404040401111. . . . Nfhfh]; epA+]pnguhtpd; Mz;kyu; tha;g;ghL

Br., Ebrl., ,♂, P3+3, A3+3, G0

402402402402. Nfhfh]; epA+]pnguhtpd; ngz;kyu; tha;g;ghL

Br., Ebrl., ,♀, P3+3, A0, G(3)

404040403333. fy;g tpUl;rk; vd;wiof;fg;gLtJ # Nfhfh]; epA+rp/;nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/;nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/;nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/;nguh

404040404444. . . . Nrhg;G jahupf;fg;gad;gLk; gid vz;nza; vjpypUe;J

gpupj;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ? # vyhap]; ifndd;rp];vyhap]; ifndd;rp];vyhap]; ifndd;rp];vyhap]; ifndd;rp];

404040405555. . . . ~~kzpyh gid|| vd;Dk; moFj;jhtuk vJ? # mNlhepbah nkupypmNlhepbah nkupypmNlhepbah nkupypmNlhepbah nkupyp

404040406666. . . . ~~xapd; gid|| vdg;gLk; moFj; jhtuk; vJ? # NfupNahlh A+ud;NfupNahlh A+ud;NfupNahlh A+ud;NfupNahlh A+ud;];];];];

407.407.407.407. kpA+rpNy[; jputj;ijAila jhtuq;fs; mlq;fpa FLk;gk;? # khy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrp

408408408408. XuiwAila kfue;jig fhzg;gLk; FLk;gk; # khy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrpkhy;Ntrp

409409409409. cSe;J jhtuj;jpd; ,Unrhw;ngau; # tpf;dh Kq;Nfhtpf;dh Kq;Nfhtpf;dh Kq;Nfhtpf;dh Kq;Nfh

410410410410. xUtpijf;nfhz;l> fPo;kl;l #w;igapypUe;J tsu;r;rpaile;j ntbah

cyu;fdp # rpg;nry;yhrpg;nry;yhrpg;nry;yhrpg;nry;yh

411.411.411.411. kuG top tifg;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; Nkk;ghL mile;j ,Utpj;jpiyj;

jhtuf; FLk;gk; # M];l;Nu]M];l;Nu]M];l;Nu]M];l;Nu]p

412412412412. nge;jk; kw;Wk; `Pf;fu; jhtu tifg;ghl;by; Kjd;Kjypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s

Jiw # uhNdy;];uhNdy;];uhNdy;];uhNdy;];

413413413413. cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa n`u;Ngupak; vq;Fs;sJ? # fpA+ (,yfpA+ (,yfpA+ (,yfpA+ (,yzzzz;ld;;ld;;ld;;ld;))))

414414414414. uprpd]; fk;A+dp]; jhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; kfue;jq;fs; # gyfw;iwgyfw;iwgyfw;iwgyfw;iw

415415415415. fy;g tpUl;rk; jhtuj;jpd; ,Unrhw;ngau; # Nfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguhNfhfh]; epA+rp/nguh

ghlk; 2. jhtu cs;sikg;gpay;ghlk; 2. jhtu cs;sikg;gpay;ghlk; 2. jhtu cs;sikg;gpay;ghlk; 2. jhtu cs;sikg;gpay;

A =2x1=2

B =5x1=5

23

1111.... Mf;Fj;jpRthdJ epiyj;jj; jpRthf khw;wk; miltJ __________ vd

miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ♦ NtWghliljy;NtWghliljy;NtWghliljy;NtWghliljy;

2222.... tio> fy;thio Mfpa jhtuq;fspy; ,iyf; fhk;gpy; el;rj;jpu tbt

ghud;ifkh nry;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit ________ ghud;ifkh

vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ♦ ];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh

3333.... jhtuj;jpd; midj;J cWg;GfspYk; nghJthf fhzg;gLk; vspa jpR

♦ ghud;ifkhghud;ifkhghud;ifkhghud;ifkh

4444.... ve;j jhtuj;jpd; i`g;Nghnlu;kp]; mLf;F Nfhyd;ifkhthy; MdJ?

♦ `Pypahe;j];`Pypahe;j];`Pypahe;j];`Pypahe;j];

5555.... Ntu;j;J}tpfis cw;gj;jp nra;git ♦ biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;

6666.... M];bNah]; fpsPiuL fhzg;gLk; gFjp ♦ gl;lhzpapd; tpijAiwgl;lhzpapd; tpijAiwgl;lhzpapd; tpijAiwgl;lhzpapd; tpijAiw

7777.... ,Ugf;f xUq;fike;j th];Fyu;; fw;iwfs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuf;FLk;gk;

♦ Ff;fu;gpl;NlrpFf;fu;gpl;NlrpFf;fu;gpl;NlrpFf;fu;gpl;Nlrp

8888.... fh];ghupd; gl;ilfs; ________ y; mfj;Njhypy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;

9999.... topr;nry;fs; ___________ d; mfj;Njhypy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;

10101010.... gyKid iryk; ___________ fhzg;gLfpwJ.

♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;

11111111.... Gwzpapd; filrp mLf;F ___________ MFk;. ♦ mfj;Njhy;mfj;Njhy;mfj;Njhy;mfj;Njhy;

12121212.... GNuhl;Nlhiryk; jz;bd; ikaj;ij Nehf;fp mike;Js;s th];;Fyhu; fw;;iw

____________ vdg;gLk;. ♦ cs;Nehf;F iryk;cs;Nehf;F iryk;cs;Nehf;F iryk;cs;Nehf;F iryk;

13131313.... iryKk;> GNshaKk; xNu Muj;jpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs;

______ vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ♦ fd;[hapd;l;fd;[hapd;l;fd;[hapd;l;fd;[hapd;l;

14141414.... kdpj kz;il XL tbt th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs; ,jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L

15151515.... GNuhl;Nlhiry ,ilntsp nfhz;Ls;s th];Fyhu; fw;iw ________ y;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L

16161616.... ,Ugf;fKk; xj;j mikg;Gila ,iy __________y; fhzg;gLfpwJ.♦ Gy;Gy;Gy;Gy;

17171717.... ,iyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs;

♦ fd;[hapd;l; xUq;fike;jit > %baitfd;[hapd;l; xUq;fike;jit > %baitfd;[hapd;l; xUq;fike;jit > %baitfd;[hapd;l; xUq;fike;jit > %bait

18181818.... th];Fyhu; fw;iwapy; iryj;jpw;Fk; GNshaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk;

Nfk;gpak; ___________ fhzg;gLk;. ♦ fw;iwf; Nfk;gpak;fw;iwf; Nfk;gpak;fw;iwf; Nfk;gpak;fw;iwf; Nfk;gpak;

19191919.... th];Fyhu; fw;iwapy; iryj;jpw;Fk;> GNshaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk;

Nfk;gpak; ___________ fhzg;gLk;. ♦ fw;iwf;Nfk;gpak;fw;iwf;Nfk;gpak;fw;iwf;Nfk;gpak;fw;iwf;Nfk;gpak;

20202020.... th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpa tisaj;jpd; nry;fs; ntspg;Gwkhf Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;

nry;fs; _________ Mf NtWghL milfpd;wd.

♦ ,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak;,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak;,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak;,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak;

24

21212121.... jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapd;NghJ cUthf;fg;gLk; ghJfhg;G mLf;fpd;

ngau; _________ vdg;gLk;. ♦ ngupnlu;k;ngupnlu;k;ngupnlu;k;ngupnlu;k;

22222222.... ~~~~mdh| vd;w fpNuf;fr; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ♦ fPNofPNofPNofPNo

23232323.... GNuhf;Nfk;gpaj;jpypUe;J cUthdJ

♦ Kjyhk; iryk; kw;Wk; Kjyhk; GNshak;Kjyhk; iryk; kw;Wk; Kjyhk; GNshak;Kjyhk; iryk; kw;Wk; Kjyhk; GNshak;Kjyhk; iryk; kw;Wk; Kjyhk; GNshak;

24242424.... Vud;ifkh fhzg;gLtJ ♦ ePu;j; jhtuq;fs;ePu;j; jhtuq;fs;ePu;j; jhtuq;fs;ePu;j; jhtuq;fs;

25252525.... lhl;̂ uh kw;Wk; epf;Nfhl;bahdh jhtuj;jz;Lfspd; i`g;Nghnlu;kp]; gFjpapy;

fhzg;gLk; Nfhyd;ifkh ♦ Nfhzf; Nfhyd;ifkhNfhzf; Nfhyd;ifkhNfhzf; Nfhyd;ifkhNfhzf; Nfhyd;ifkh

26262626.... Kidg; gFjpfs; mfd;w Nfhy; tbt ];fpsPiuLfs;

♦ M];bah ];fpsPiuLfs; M];bah ];fpsPiuLfs; M];bah ];fpsPiuLfs; M];bah ];fpsPiuLfs;

27272727.... buf;fPLfspy; ePu vjd; %yk; flj;jg;gLfpwJ? ♦ tuk;Gila Fopfs;tuk;Gila Fopfs;tuk;Gila Fopfs;tuk;Gila Fopfs;

28282828.... iryf; Foha;fs; cila xU [pk;Ndh];nguk; ♦ ePl;lk; ePl;lk; ePl;lk; ePl;lk;

29292929.... nlupNlhigl;LfspYk;> [pk;Ndh];ngu;k;fspYk; fhzg;gLk; czitf;fl;jJk;

jpR ♦ ry;yil nry;fs;ry;yil nry;fs;ry;yil nry;fs;ry;yil nry;fs;

30303030.... Jiz nry;fs; fhzg;gLtJ ♦ MQ;rpNah];nguk;fs;MQ;rpNah];nguk;fs;MQ;rpNah];nguk;fs;MQ;rpNah];nguk;fs;

31313131.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; gRq;fzpfq;fs; cilait?

♦ Nfhyd;ifkh FNshud;ifkh > fhg;Gnry;fs;Nfhyd;ifkh FNshud;ifkh > fhg;Gnry;fs;Nfhyd;ifkh FNshud;ifkh > fhg;Gnry;fs;Nfhyd;ifkh FNshud;ifkh > fhg;Gnry;fs;

32323232.... iuNrhnlu;kprpy; fhzg;gLk; Fl;il nry;fs; ♦ biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;biuf;Nfhgpsh];Lfs;

33333333.... Nfk;gpak; mw;w th];Fyhu; fw;iw ♦ %ba th];Fyhu; fw;iw%ba th];Fyhu; fw;iw%ba th];Fyhu; fw;iw%ba th];Fyhu; fw;iw

34343434.... Ntu;fspy; fhzg;gLk; iryk; ♦ ntspNehf;F iryk;ntspNehf;F iryk;ntspNehf;F iryk;ntspNehf;F iryk;

35353535.... mfj;NjhYf;Fk;> th];Fyu; fw;iwfSf;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; jpR

♦ ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;

36363636.... ngupnluk; vd;w ,uz;lhk; epiyj; jpRit cUthf;FtJ ♦ fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;

37373737.... ];Bypd; ntspg;Gw mLf;F ♦ ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;

38383838.... fh];gupd; gl;ilfs; vjdhy; MdJ? ♦ #gupd; #gupd; #gupd; #gupd;

39393939.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuNtupd; iryk;

♦ ehd;F Kid iryk; kw;Wk; ntspNehf;fpaJ ehd;F Kid iryk; kw;Wk; ntspNehf;fpaJ ehd;F Kid iryk; kw;Wk; ntspNehf;fpaJ ehd;F Kid iryk; kw;Wk; ntspNehf;fpaJ

40404040.... xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;bd; ];fpsPud;ifkhthy; Md Gwzp njhlu;r;rpaw;W

fhzg;glf; fhuzk; ♦ FNshud;ifkhFNshud;ifkhFNshud;ifkhFNshud;ifkh

41414141.... #hpaf;fhe;jp jz;by; nurpd; Foha;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk;

♦ FNshud;ifkh GwzpFNshud;ifkh GwzpFNshud;ifkh GwzpFNshud;ifkh Gwzp

42424242.... #hpaf;fhe;jp jz;by; ngupirf;fps; vjdhy; MdJ?

♦ fw;iwj; njhg;gpfshf njhlu;r;rpaw;w tisak;fw;iwj; njhg;gpfshf njhlu;r;rpaw;w tisak;fw;iwj; njhg;gpfshf njhlu;r;rpaw;w tisak;fw;iwj; njhg;gpfshf njhlu;r;rpaw;w tisak;

43434343.... vJ rpijtiltjhy; GNuhl;Nlh iry ,ilntsp cz;lhfpwJ?

♦ ffffPo;gf;fkhf cs;s GNuhl;Nlhiryk;Po;gf;fkhf cs;s GNuhl;Nlhiryk;Po;gf;fkhf cs;s GNuhl;Nlhiryk;Po;gf;fkhf cs;s GNuhl;Nlhiryk;

44444444.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;by; th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs; gpj;ijr; #o;e;j xU

tisakhf mike;Js;sJ ,t;tif ];By; ♦ A+];By;A+];By;A+];By;A+];By;

45454545.... gpj; fhzg;glhj gFjpfs;

♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L kw;Wk; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L kw;Wk; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L kw;Wk; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L kw;Wk; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu Ntu;

25

46464646.... Nky; fPo; NtWghL nfhz;l ,iyf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♦ #hpafhe;jp#hpafhe;jp#hpafhe;jp#hpafhe;jp

47474747.... ];ghd;rp ghud;ifkhtpd; rpwg;gpay;G ♦ fhw;wpilntspfisg; ngw;wpUg;gJfhw;wpilntspfisg; ngw;wpUg;gJfhw;wpilntspfisg; ngw;wpUg;gJfhw;wpilntspfisg; ngw;wpUg;gJ

48484848.... xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;; jz;bd; fw;iw ciw vjdhy; MdJ?

♦ ];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh

49494949.... Nfhyd;ifkhtpd; nry;Rtu; vjdhy; Mf;fg;gl;lJ?

♦ nry;YNyh];> nry;YNyh];> nry;YNyh];> nry;YNyh];> n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; ngf;bd;n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; ngf;bd;n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; ngf;bd;n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; ngf;bd;

50505050.... Nfhy; tbtj;jpy; ePz;L fhzg;gLk; ♦ Nkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLfs;Nkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLfs;Nkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLfs;Nkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLfs;

51515151.... [pk;Ndh];ngu;k;fspYk; nlupNlhigl;LfspYk; cs;s czitf; flj;Jk;

$Wfs; ♦ ry;yil nry;fs;ry;yil nry;fs;ry;yil nry;fs;ry;yil nry;fs;

52525252.... fPo;f; fz;litfspy; GNshak; ghud;ifkh mw;wit? ♦ nlupNlhigl;Lfs;nlupNlhigl;Lfs;nlupNlhigl;Lfs;nlupNlhigl;Lfs;

53535353.... fh];gupd; gl;ilfspd; Kf;fpag;gzp

♦ ePuhdJ GwzpapypUe;J iryj;jpw;F te;j gpd; kPz;Lk; GwzpapypUe;J ePuhdJ GwzpapypUe;J iryj;jpw;F te;j gpd; kPz;Lk; GwzpapypUe;J ePuhdJ GwzpapypUe;J iryj;jpw;F te;j gpd; kPz;Lk; GwzpapypUe;J ePuhdJ GwzpapypUe;J iryj;jpw;F te;j gpd; kPz;Lk; GwzpapypUe;J

ntspNaWtijj; jLj;jy; ntspNaWtijj; jLj;jy; ntspNaWtijj; jLj;jy; ntspNaWtijj; jLj;jy;

54545454.... iryj;jpw;Fk;> GNshaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNal fhzg;gLk; jpR ♦ ,izg;Gj; jpR,izg;Gj; jpR,izg;Gj; jpR,izg;Gj; jpR

55555555.... #hpaf; fhe;jp jhtuj;jz;by; rpy mLf;F ];fpspnud;ifkh nry;fs;

jpl;Lfshf xt;nthU th];Fyhu; fw;iwapd; GNshaj;jpd; kPJ

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,it ♦ td;ikahd gh];l; (m) fw;iwj; njhg;gpfs;td;ikahd gh];l; (m) fw;iwj; njhg;gpfs;td;ikahd gh];l; (m) fw;iwj; njhg;gpfs;td;ikahd gh];l; (m) fw;iwj; njhg;gpfs;

56565656.... ,iyapilj; jpRtpy; ghypNrl; ghud;ifkhit kl;Lk; nfhz;Ls;s ,iy

♦ ,Ugf;fKk; xj;j mikg;Gila ,iy,Ugf;fKk; xj;j mikg;Gila ,iy,Ugf;fKk; xj;j mikg;Gila ,iy,Ugf;fKk; xj;j mikg;Gila ,iy

57575757.... ];ghd;[p ghud;ifkhtpd; gzp ♦ thA gupkhw;wk;thA gupkhw;wk;thA gupkhw;wk;thA gupkhw;wk;

58585858.... iryj;ij cz;lhf;Fk; jpRf;fspNyNa capUs;sJ? ♦ iryk; ghud;ifkhiryk; ghud;ifkhiryk; ghud;ifkhiryk; ghud;ifkh

59595959.... Jiz nry;f;s; vjd; %yk; ry;yilf; FohAld; njhlu;G nfhz;Ls;sd?

♦ Fopfs;Fopfs;Fopfs;Fopfs;

60606060.... fPo;fz;litfspy; xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;by; fhzg;glhjit?

♦ GNshak; ghud;ifkh kw;Wk; GNshak; ehu;fs;GNshak; ghud;ifkh kw;Wk; GNshak; ehu;fs;GNshak; ghud;ifkh kw;Wk; GNshak; ehu;fs;GNshak; ghud;ifkh kw;Wk; GNshak; ehu;fs;

61616161.... ,iyapd; ,UGwj;Njhy; mLf;FfSf;F ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; jsj;jpR

♦ ,iyapilj;jpR ,iyapilj;jpR ,iyapilj;jpR ,iyapilj;jpR

62626262.... ,tw;wpy; vjpy; cl;;fU fpilahJ? ♦ Kjpu;e;j ry;yilf; FKjpu;e;j ry;yilf; FKjpu;e;j ry;yilf; FKjpu;e;j ry;yilf; Foha;fs;oha;fs;oha;fs;oha;fs;

63636363.... ~fpA+l;bd;| vd;w nkOFg; nghUspd; nray;ghL ,JthFk;?

♦ ePuhtpg; Nghf;iff; Fiwg;gJePuhtpg; Nghf;iff; Fiwg;gJePuhtpg; Nghf;iff; Fiwg;gJePuhtpg; Nghf;iff; Fiwg;gJ

64646464.... ,e;j jpR xspr;Nru;f;if epfo;r;rpapy; Kf;fpag; gq;F nfhs;sf; $baJ?

♦ ghypNrl; ghud;ifkhghypNrl; ghud;ifkhghypNrl; ghud;ifkhghypNrl; ghud;ifkh

65656565.... gf;f Ntu;fs; mfj;Njhd;wpfs; vdf; $wf; fhuzk; mit Njhd;Wkplk;

♦ ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;ngupirf;fps;

66666666.... ];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh ,jd; ,iyf;fhk;gpy; fhzg;gLk;

♦ fy;thioapy; kl;Lk;fy;thioapy; kl;Lk;fy;thioapy; kl;Lk;fy;thioapy; kl;Lk;

67676767.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; xd;w MQ;rpNah];ngu;k;fspy; kl;LNk fhzg;gLtJ Mdhy;>

[pk;Ndh]; ngu;k;fspYk; kw;Wk; nlupNlhigl;LfspYk; fhzg;glhjJ.

♦ Jiz nry;fs;Jiz nry;fs;Jiz nry;fs;Jiz nry;fs;

68686868.... el;rj;jpu tbtpy; fhzg;gLk; ghud;ifkh ♦ ];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh];nly;Nyl; ghud;ifkh

26

69696969.... Gy;yp/ghu;k; nry;fs; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; ♦ Gy;Gy;Gy;Gy;

70707070.... jpwe;j th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs; fhzg;gLk; mikg;G ♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jz;L

71717171.... ,uz;lhk; ghJfhg;G mLf;F vdg;gLtJ ♦ ngupnlu;k;ngupnlu;k;ngupnlu;k;ngupnlu;k;

72727272.... ypf;dpd; vd;w nghUshy; Md ,uz;lhk; epiy nry; Rtu; nfhz;l jpR

♦ ];fpspud;ifkh];fpspud;ifkh];fpspud;ifkh];fpspud;ifkh

73737373.... mnkupf;f ehl;bd; nrf;Nfhah nlz;l;uhd; kuj;jpd; taJ ♦ 3500 Mz;Lfs;3500 Mz;Lfs;3500 Mz;Lfs;3500 Mz;Lfs;

74747474.... ,iy RUSjYf;Fk;> RUs; ePq;F ePq;FjYf;Fk; fhuzkhf cs;s nry;fs;

♦ Gy;yp/ghu;k; nry;fs; Gy;yp/ghu;k; nry;fs; Gy;yp/ghu;k; nry;fs; Gy;yp/ghu;k; nry;fs; [bulliform Cells]

75757575.... Ntupd; ntspg;Gw mLf;F ♦ iuNrhnlu;kp]; (m) vgpg;gpskhiuNrhnlu;kp]; (m) vgpg;gpskhiuNrhnlu;kp]; (m) vgpg;gpskhiuNrhnlu;kp]; (m) vgpg;gpskh

76767676.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ ~fy;nry;| vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ?

♦ gpNuf;fp ];fpsPiuLgpNuf;fp ];fpsPiuLgpNuf;fp ];fpsPiuLgpNuf;fp ];fpsPiuL

77777777.... ,Utpj;jpiy jhtuj;; jz;bd; ~i`Ngh-nlu;kp];| ,r;nry;fshy; MdJ

♦ Nfhyd;ifkhNfhyd;ifkhNfhyd;ifkhNfhyd;ifkh

78787878.... fhg;G nry;fs; ,jpy; cs;sd ♦ Gwj;Njhy; Gwj;Njhy; Gwj;Njhy; Gwj;Njhy;

79797979.... gl;ilj; Jisfs; ,jpy; cs;sd ♦ jz;Ljz;Ljz;Ljz;L

80808080.... njhlu;e;J gFg;gilAk; jd;ik nfhz;l jpRj;njhFjp ♦ Mf;Fj;jpRMf;Fj;jpRMf;Fj;jpRMf;Fj;jpR

81818181.... jhtuj;jpd; ePs;g;Nghf;F tsu;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhd jpR ♦ Edp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpR

82828282.... fZtpilg; gFjpapd; ePl;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhd jpR ♦ ,il Mf;Fj;jpR,il Mf;Fj;jpR,il Mf;Fj;jpR,il Mf;Fj;jpR

83838383.... tpijfspd; tpijAiwapypUe;J Njhd;Wfpd;w Nky;kl;l ehu;fs; ,e;jj;

jhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd ♦ gUj;jpgUj;jpgUj;jpgUj;jp

84848484.... tpijAiwapd; fbdj;jd;ikf;F ___________ fhuzkhf cs;sJ.

♦ Nkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLNkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLNkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLNkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLfs;fs;fs;fs;

85858585.... ypg;up/ghu;k; ehu;fs; vd miof;fg;gLtJ ♦ iryk; ehu;fs;iryk; ehu;fs;iryk; ehu;fs;iryk; ehu;fs;

86868686.... Kjy; epiy th];Fyhu; jpRf;fs; ,jpypUe;J cUthfpd;wd. ♦ GNuhNfk;gpak;GNuhNfk;gpak;GNuhNfk;gpak;GNuhNfk;gpak;

87878787.... xw;iwj; Jisj; jl;Lila i]yf; Foha;fs; ,j;jhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ

♦ khQ;rp /nguhkhQ;rp /nguhkhQ;rp /nguhkhQ;rp /nguh

88888888.... gy Jisj; jl;Lila i]yf;Foha;fs; ,j;jhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ

♦ ypupNah nld;l;uhd;ypupNah nld;l;uhd;ypupNah nld;l;uhd;ypupNah nld;l;uhd;

89898989.... gpj; gFjp ,r;nraiyr; nra;fpd;wd ♦ Nrkpj;jy;Nrkpj;jy;Nrkpj;jy;Nrkpj;jy;

90909090.... ,ilntspf; Nfhyd;ifkh fhzg;gLk jhtuk; ♦ Ig;NghkpahIg;NghkpahIg;NghkpahIg;Nghkpah

91919191.... jz;Lfspd; i`g;Nghnlu;kp]; gFjpapy; cs;s Nfhzf;Nfhyd;ifkh

fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; ♦ epf;Nfhl;bahdhepf;Nfhl;bahdhepf;Nfhl;bahdhepf;Nfhl;bahdh

92929292.... gf;f Mf;Fj; jpRtpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

♦ th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak;

93939393.... nry;Rtu;fspy; mjpfkhd Fopfs; fhzg;gLk; nry;fs; ♦ ];fpsPiuLfs;];fpsPiuLfs;];fpsPiuLfs;];fpsPiuLfs;

94949494.... ikag; gFjpapYs;s jsj;jpR vJ? ♦ nkLy;yhnkLy;yhnkLy;yhnkLy;yh

95959595.... nguzpfspYk;> [pk;Ndh];ngu;k;fspYk; ePiuf; flj;Jk; $Wfs; ahit?

♦ iryk; buf;fPLfs;iryk; buf;fPLfs;iryk; buf;fPLfs;iryk; buf;fPLfs;

27

96969696.... nkLy;yh vd;gJ ,ijf;Fwpf;Fk;? ♦ gpj;gpj;gpj;gpj;

97979797.... jhtuj;jpd; ePs; mr;Rf;F ,izahf cs;s Mf;Fj;jpR ♦ gf;f Mf;Fj;jpRgf;f Mf;Fj;jpRgf;f Mf;Fj;jpRgf;f Mf;Fj;jpR

98989898.... kf;fhr;Nrhsj;jpy; ,izg;gj;jpR vjdhy; MdJ? ♦ ];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh

99999999.... iry jpRtpYs;s nry; tiffSs; capUs;s nry;fs;

♦ iryk; ghud;ifkhiryk; ghud;ifkhiryk; ghud;ifkhiryk; ghud;ifkh

100100100100.... GNshak; ghud;ifkh ,j;jhtuq;fspy; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy

♦ xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;

101101101101.... iryk; #o;th];Fyhu; fw;iw (Amphivasal) ,jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ

♦ mf;Nfhu];mf;Nfhu];mf;Nfhu];mf;Nfhu];

102102102102.... njhlu;e;J gFg;gilAk; jd;iknfhz;l xj;j msTila nry;fshy; Md

njhFjp fPo;f;fz;lthW miof;fg;gLfpwJ? ♦ Mf;Fj;jpR Mf;Fj;jpR Mf;Fj;jpR Mf;Fj;jpR

103103103103.... jhtuj;jpd; ePs;Nghf;F tsu;r;rpf;F vJ fhuzkhf mikfpwJ?

♦ Edp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpR

104104104104.... js Mf;Fj;jpR gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vij cUthf;Ffpd;wd?

♦ Gwzp kw;Wk; gpj;Gwzp kw;Wk; gpj;Gwzp kw;Wk; gpj;Gwzp kw;Wk; gpj;

105105105105.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; cs;sJ xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fsp;y; njspthff;

fhzg;gLtJ vJ? ♦ ,il Mf;Fj;jpR,il Mf;Fj;jpR,il Mf;Fj;jpR,il Mf;Fj;jpR

106106106106.... fPo;f;fz;litfs; gf;f mf;Fj;jpRtpw;F cjhuzq;fshFk;

♦ th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak; (ngy;Nyh[d;)th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak; (ngy;Nyh[d;)th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak; (ngy;Nyh[d;)th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f;Nfk;gpak; (ngy;Nyh[d;)

107107107107.... jz;L kw;Wk; Ntupd; FWf;fsit mjpfupf;fr; nra;tJ vjd;%yk;

eilngWfpwJ?

♦gf;fj;jpR ,uz;lhk; epiy epiyj;j jpRf;fis cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; gf;fj;jpR ,uz;lhk; epiy epiyj;j jpRf;fis cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; gf;fj;jpR ,uz;lhk; epiy epiyj;j jpRf;fis cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; gf;fj;jpR ,uz;lhk; epiy epiyj;j jpRf;fis cUthf;Ftjd; %yk;

108108108108.... jz;L kw;Wk; Ntu;f;fpoq;Ffspy; fhzg;gLk; ];lhu;r; Jfs;fs; epiwe;J

fhzg;gLfpd;w ghud;ifkh vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ? ♦ Nrkpg;G ghud;ifkhNrkpg;G ghud;ifkhNrkpg;G ghud;ifkhNrkpg;G ghud;ifkh

109109109109.... FNshud;ifkhtpd; Kf;fpa gzp ♦ xspr;Nru;f;if xspr;Nru;f;if xspr;Nru;f;if xspr;Nru;f;if

110110110110.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; epy tho;j; jhtuq;fspd; Ntu;fspy; fhzg;glhjJ vJ?

♦ i`g;Nghnlu;kp];i`g;Nghnlu;kp];i`g;Nghnlu;kp];i`g;Nghnlu;kp];

111111111111.... fPo;f;fz;l nry;fspy GNuhl;Nlhgpsh];Lfs; fhzg;glhj capuw;w jpR vJ?

♦ ];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh];fpsPud;ifkh

112112112112.... Nkf;Nuh ];fpsPiuLfs; gpd;tUk; vj;jhtu tpij ntspAiwapy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd? ♦ FNuhl;NlhNyupahFNuhl;NlhNyupahFNuhl;NlhNyupahFNuhl;NlhNyupah

113113113113.... jhtuj;jpw;F cWjpmspj;J typikf;nfhLf;Fk; jhq;FjpR vJ?

♦ ];fpsPud;ifkh ehu;fs;];fpsPud;ifkh ehu;fs;];fpsPud;ifkh ehu;fs;];fpsPud;ifkh ehu;fs;

114114114114.... Edp Mf;Fj;jpRtpd; GNuhNfk;gpaj;jpypUe;J cUthfpd;w GNshaf; $Wf;s

,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ ♦ Kjy; epiy GNshak;Kjy; epiy GNshak;Kjy; epiy GNshak;Kjy; epiy GNshak;

115115115115.... GNshaj;jpd; flj;Jk; $Wfs; ♦ ry;yilf; Foha; $Wfs;ry;yilf; Foha; $Wfs;ry;yilf; Foha; $Wfs;ry;yilf; Foha; $Wfs;

116116116116.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; ry;yilf;Fohapd; rpwg;G gz;ghFk;

♦ Rtu; xl;ba irl;Nlhgpshrk;Rtu; xl;ba irl;Nlhgpshrk;Rtu; xl;ba irl;Nlhgpshrk;Rtu; xl;ba irl;Nlhgpshrk;

117117117117.... ry;yilf; Foha;fs; ,tw;wpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd ♦ MQ;rpNah];nghu;k;fs;MQ;rpNah];nghu;k;fs;MQ;rpNah];nghu;k;fs;MQ;rpNah];nghu;k;fs;

28

118118118118.... Kjpu;e;j ry;yilf;Foha; $Wfspy;> ry;yilj; jl;Lfspy cs;s Jisfs;

vg;nghUs;fspdhy; milf;fg;gl;Ls;sd? ♦ NfNyh];NfNyh];NfNyh];NfNyh];

119119119119.... GNshak; jpRtpy; fhzg;gLk; ];fpsPud;ifkh ehu;fs; ,t;thWk;

miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ♦ GNshak; ehu;fs; (m) gh];l; ehu;fs;GNshak; ehu;fs; (m) gh];l; ehu;fs;GNshak; ehu;fs; (m) gh];l; ehu;fs;GNshak; ehu;fs; (m) gh];l; ehu;fs;

120120120120.... jhtuq;fspy; cs;s jpRj;njhFg;Gfis %d;W tifahf gpupj;jtu;

♦ rhf;]; (1875y;)rhf;]; (1875y;)rhf;]; (1875y;)rhf;]; (1875y;)

121121121121.... fUk;Gj; jhtuj;jpy; fhg;Gnry;fisr; #o;e;J fhzg;gLk; rpwg;G nry;fs;

,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpd;wd ♦ Jizf; fUtpr; nry;fs; (Jizf; fUtpr; nry;fs; (Jizf; fUtpr; nry;fs; (Jizf; fUtpr; nry;fs; (Accessory Cells)

122122122122.... Gwj;NjhypypUe;J Njhd;Wk; nry;fs; ♦ biuf;Nfhk;fs;biuf;Nfhk;fs;biuf;Nfhk;fs;biuf;Nfhk;fs;

123123123123.... fPo;fz;l jhtuj;jpy; GNshak; #o;th];Fyhu; fw;iw fhzg;gLfpwJ?

♦ ghypg;Nghbak;ghypg;Nghbak;ghypg;Nghbak;ghypg;Nghbak;

124124124124.... gpj; nry;fspy; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLtJ

♦ gPdhy; > fhy;rpak; Mf;]Nyl; gbfq;fs;gPdhy; > fhy;rpak; Mf;]Nyl; gbfq;fs;gPdhy; > fhy;rpak; Mf;]Nyl; gbfq;fs;gPdhy; > fhy;rpak; Mf;]Nyl; gbfq;fs;

125125125125.... iuNrhnlu;kp]pd; Kf;fpa gzp ♦ cl;Gwj; jpRf;fis ghJfhj;jy;cl;Gwj; jpRf;fis ghJfhj;jy;cl;Gwj; jpRf;fis ghJfhj;jy;cl;Gwj; jpRf;fis ghJfhj;jy;

126126126126.... fh];ghupd; gl;ilfs; _________ nghUshy; MdJ. ♦ #gupd;#gupd;#gupd;#gupd;....

127127127127.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ];lhu;r;Jfs;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd ♦ GwzpGwzpGwzpGwzp

128128128128.... xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;by; th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs; gjpe;Js;s jsj;jpRtpd;

gzp ♦ czTg;nghUl;fis Nrkpj;jy; kw;Wk; thA gupkhw;wk;czTg;nghUl;fis Nrkpj;jy; kw;Wk; thA gupkhw;wk;czTg;nghUl;fis Nrkpj;jy; kw;Wk; thA gupkhw;wk;czTg;nghUl;fis Nrkpj;jy; kw;Wk; thA gupkhw;wk;

129129129129.... xUtpj;jpiyj jhtuj; jz;bd; th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs;

♦ fd;[hapd;l; > xUq;fike;jit> %bait kw;Wk; cs;Nehf;F iryk; fd;[hapd;l; > xUq;fike;jit> %bait kw;Wk; cs;Nehf;F iryk; fd;[hapd;l; > xUq;fike;jit> %bait kw;Wk; cs;Nehf;F iryk; fd;[hapd;l; > xUq;fike;jit> %bait kw;Wk; cs;Nehf;F iryk;

130130130130.... kdpj kz;il tbt XL tbtj;jpy; cs;s th];Fyhu;fw;iwfs; cs;s

jhtuq;fs; ♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L

131131131131.... ,jpy; GNshaj;jpd; ry;yilf;Foha;fs; Jiznry;fs; Mfpait cs;sd.

♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; xU tpj;jpiyj; xU tpj;jpiyj; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;Ljhtuj;jz;Ljhtuj;jz;Ljhtuj;jz;L

132132132132.... ,jpy; GNshak; ghud;ifkh kw;Wk; GNshak; ehu;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy

♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L

133133133133.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; iryf;Foha;fs; ~Y| tbtpy;mike;Js;sd

♦ xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;LxU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L

134134134134.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;by; ePuhtpg;Nghf;if Fiwf;f cjTtJ vJ?

♦ fpA+l;bf;fps;fpA+l;bf;fps;fpA+l;bf;fps;fpA+l;bf;fps;

135135135135.... ,jpy; nurpd; Foha;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ ♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L

136136136136.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vjpy; gPg;gha; tbt neUf;fkhd ghud;ifkh nry;fshyhd

];lhu;r; mLf;F fhzg;gLfpwJ ♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;L

137137137137.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; fh];ghupd; gl;ilfs; fhzg;gltpy;iy

♦,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L

138138138138.... ,jpy; A+];By; (Eustele) fhzg;gLfpwJ ♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L

139139139139.... ,J ,uz;lhk; epiytsu;r;rpapd; NghJ Gjpa nry;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ.

♦ Nfk;gpak;Nfk;gpak;Nfk;gpak;Nfk;gpak;

140140140140.... ,jpy; Kjy;epiy nkLy;yup fjpu;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd

29

♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L

141141141141.... ,Ugf;fKk; xj;j mikg;Gila ,iyfs; ______ If; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

♦ ];ghd;[pghud;ifkh my;yJ ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh ];ghd;[pghud;ifkh my;yJ ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh ];ghd;[pghud;ifkh my;yJ ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh ];ghd;[pghud;ifkh my;yJ ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh

142142142142.... mjpf fhw;wpilntspfs; nfhz;l ];ghd;[p ghud;ifkh nry;fspd; gad;

♦ Gwj;Njhy; Jisfs; %yk; thA gupkhw;wk;Gwj;Njhy; Jisfs; %yk; thA gupkhw;wk;Gwj;Njhy; Jisfs; %yk; thA gupkhw;wk;Gwj;Njhy; Jisfs; %yk; thA gupkhw;wk;

143143143143.... Nky;fPo; NtWghL nfhz;l ,iyfs; ,jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;

144144144144.... ,iyj;Jisfs; ,jpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpwJ ♦ fPo;g;Gwj;Njhy;fPo;g;Gwj;Njhy;fPo;g;Gwj;Njhy;fPo;g;Gwj;Njhy;

145145145145.... ,iyfspy; eilngWk; ePuhtpg;Nghf;if Fiwf;f ,J cjtfpwJ

♦ fpA+l;bf;fps;fpA+l;bf;fps;fpA+l;bf;fps;fpA+l;bf;fps;

146146146146.... ,iyfspy; cs;s ,iyapilj; jpRf;fspy; _______ nry;fspy; mjpf

vz;zpf;ifapy; gRq;fzpfq;fs; cs;sd ♦ ghypNrl; ghud;ifkhghypNrl; ghud;ifkhghypNrl; ghud;ifkhghypNrl; ghud;ifkh

147147147147.... xspr;Nru;f;if ,iyfspy; eilngWtJ ♦ ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh nry;fs;ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh nry;fs;ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh nry;fs;ghypNrl; ghud;ifkh nry;fs;

148148148148.... ,iyj;Jiw fPo; miw ,t;thWk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ ♦ Rthr miwRthr miwRthr miwRthr miw

149149149149.... ,iyfspy; fhzg;gLk; th];Fyhu; fw;iwfis #o;e;J fhzg;gLk; ghud;ifkh

nry;fshd ciw ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ

♦ fw;iw ciw (m) vy;iy ghud;ifkhfw;iw ciw (m) vy;iy ghud;ifkhfw;iw ciw (m) vy;iy ghud;ifkhfw;iw ciw (m) vy;iy ghud;ifkh

150150150150.... ,jpy; GNshak; ry;yilf;Foha;fs; > Jiz nry;fs;> GNshak; ghud;ifkh

nry;fs; Mfpait fhzg;gLfpwJ ♦ ,U tpj;jpiyj; jhtu ,iy,U tpj;jpiyj; jhtu ,iy,U tpj;jpiyj; jhtu ,iy,U tpj;jpiyj; jhtu ,iy

151151151151.... ,jpy; GNshak; ehu;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy ♦ ,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy

152152152152.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; iryk; Foha;fs;> iryk; ghud;ifkh nry;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ♦ ,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy

153153153153.... ,jpy; iryk; buf;fPLfSk;> iryk; ehu;fSk; fhzg;gltpy;iy

♦ ,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,Utpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy

154154154154.... ,jpy; rg;shf;fl;il tbt fhg;G nry;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd

♦ xU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iyxU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iyxU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iyxU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy

155155155155.... ,jpy; Jizf; fUtpnry;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd? ♦ xU tpj;jpiy jhtu xU tpj;jpiy jhtu xU tpj;jpiy jhtu xU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy,iy,iy,iy

156156156156.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfspy; rpypf;fh nry;fs;fhzg;gLfpd;wd?

♦ xU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy (Gy;)xU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy (Gy;)xU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy (Gy;)xU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iy (Gy;)

157157157157.... xU tpj;jpiy jhtu ,iyfSf;F ,itfs; cWjp mspf;fpd;wd.

♦ ];fpsPud;ifkh jpl;Lfs;];fpsPud;ifkh jpl;Lfs;];fpsPud;ifkh jpl;Lfs;];fpsPud;ifkh jpl;Lfs;

30

,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpepiy tsu;r;rpepiy tsu;r;rpepiy tsu;r;rp

158158158158.... ,tw;wpd; nrayhy; jhtu clypd; Kjy; epiy mikg;G cz;lhf;fg;gLfpwJ

♦ Edp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpREdp Mf;Fj;jpR

159159159159.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu ,iyfspy; FWf;F tsu;r;rp ,jd; nrayhy; Vw;gLfpwJ.

♦ th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f; Nfk;gpak;th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f; Nfk;gpak;th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f; Nfk;gpak;th];Fyhu; Nfk;gpak; kw;Wk; fhu;f; Nfk;gpak;

160160160160.... ,jpy; ,uz;lhk; epiy iryk; mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ

♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;L

161161161161.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; fhu;f; Nfk;gpak; ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

♦ ngy;Nyh[d;ngy;Nyh[d;ngy;Nyh[d;ngy;Nyh[d;

162162162162.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;by; fhu;f; nry;fs; gFg;gile;J ntspg;Gwj;jpy;

Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLk; nry;fspy; Rgupd; gbAk; gFjp ________ vdg;gLfpwJ.

♦ fhu;f; (m) ngy;yk;fhu;f; (m) ngy;yk;fhu;f; (m) ngy;yk;fhu;f; (m) ngy;yk;

163163163163.... fhu;f;Nfk;gpaj;jpd; cl;Gwkhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLk; ghud;ifkh nry;fs;

,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ ♦ ngy;Nyhnluk; (m) ,uz;lhk; epiy Gwzpngy;Nyhnluk; (m) ,uz;lhk; epiy Gwzpngy;Nyhnluk; (m) ,uz;lhk; epiy Gwzpngy;Nyhnluk; (m) ,uz;lhk; epiy Gwzp

164164164164.... ,itfs; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; kug;gl;ilia cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

♦ ,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak; gwzp> ngupnlu;k;,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak; gwzp> ngupnlu;k;,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak; gwzp> ngupnlu;k;,uz;lhk; epiy GNshak; gwzp> ngupnlu;k;

165165165165.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapd; NghJ fhu;f;

jpRtpy; fhzg;gLk; gFjpfs; _________ vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ♦ gl;ilj; gl;ilj; gl;ilj; gl;ilj;

Jisfs;Jisfs;Jisfs;Jisfs;

166166166166.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapy; tre;jfhyk; kw;Wk;

Nfhilf;fhyj;jpy; cz;lhf;fg;gLk; iryk; ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

♦ Kd;gUtf;fl;il (m) tre;j fhyf;fl;ilKd;gUtf;fl;il (m) tre;j fhyf;fl;ilKd;gUtf;fl;il (m) tre;j fhyf;fl;ilKd;gUtf;fl;il (m) tre;j fhyf;fl;il

167167167167.... jhtuq;fspd; jz;by; cs;s Mz;L tisaq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia itj;J

mjd; taij fz;lwptJ ________ vdg;gLk;. ♦ nld;l;NuhFNuhdhy[p.nld;l;NuhFNuhdhy[p.nld;l;NuhFNuhdhy[p.nld;l;NuhFNuhdhy[p.

168168168168.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; ilNyhnry;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

♦ ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapy;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapy;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapy;,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapy;

169169169169.... ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fspy; iryf;Fohapd; iryk; ghud;ifkhtpypUe;J

Njhd;Wk; nry;fs; ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpd;wd ♦ ilNyhnr];fs;ilNyhnr];fs;ilNyhnr];fs;ilNyhnr];fs;

170170170170.... ,jpy; cs;s ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj;jz;bd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpapy;

,uz;lhk; iryj;jpd; vg;gFjpapy; ePiuf; flj;j cjTfpd;wd?

♦ rhw;Wf; fl;il (m) My;gu;zk;rhw;Wf; fl;il (m) My;gu;zk;rhw;Wf; fl;il (m) My;gu;zk;rhw;Wf; fl;il (m) My;gu;zk;

171. 171. 171. 171. ghud;ifkhtpy; nry;Rtu; ,tw;wpdhy; MdJ? ♦ nry;YNyh];> ngf;bd;nry;YNyh];> ngf;bd;nry;YNyh];> ngf;bd;nry;YNyh];> ngf;bd;

172.172.172.172. fhu;f; jpRtpy; fhzg;gLk; nyd;]; tbt Jisfs; ♦ gl;ilj; Jisgl;ilj; Jisgl;ilj; Jisgl;ilj; Jis

173.173.173.173. ,iyj;Jisia mLj;J fhzg;gLk; fhw;wiw ♦ Rthr miwRthr miwRthr miwRthr miw

174.174.174.174. kf;fhr;Nrhsj;jpy; i`g;Nghnlu;kp]; fPo;f;fz;l ve;j nry;fshy; MdJ?

♦ ];fpspnud;ifkh nry;fs;];fpspnud;ifkh nry;fs;];fpspnud;ifkh nry;fs;];fpspnud;ifkh nry;fs;

31

175.175.175.175. Jizr;nry;fs; fhzg;gLk; jhtug;gpupT ♦ MQ;rpNah];ngu;k;fs;MQ;rpNah];ngu;k;fs;MQ;rpNah];ngu;k;fs;MQ;rpNah];ngu;k;fs;

176.176.176.176. xUq;fike;j kw;Wk; %ba th];Fyhu; fw;iwfs; cila jhtu gFjp

♦ #hpafhe;jp ,iy#hpafhe;jp ,iy#hpafhe;jp ,iy#hpafhe;jp ,iy

177.177.177.177. Vnud;ifkh jpRtpd; Kf;fpag;gzp ♦ kpjj;jykpjj;jykpjj;jykpjj;jy;

ghlk; 3. nry; capupay; kw;Wk; ghlk; 3. nry; capupay; kw;Wk; ghlk; 3. nry; capupay; kw;Wk; ghlk; 3. nry; capupay; kw;Wk; kugpay;kugpay;kugpay;kugpay;

A =2x1=2

B =4x1=4

1111.... FNuhNkhNrhk; vd;w ngaiu mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; ♣♣♣♣ thy;ilau; (1888thy;ilau; (1888thy;ilau; (1888thy;ilau; (1888----y;)y;)y;)y;)

2222.... [Pd;fs; FNuhNkhNrhk;fspy; cs;sd vd;gij cWjpnra;jtu; ♣♣♣♣ gpupl;[];gpupl;[];gpupl;[];gpupl;[];

3333.... ,izg;G Nrhjidf; fyg;G tpfpjk; ♣♣♣♣ 7:1:17171717

4444.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; kPs;Nru;f;if Fd;wy; nry; gpupjypd; NghJ GNuh/Ng];- I

ve;j epiyapy; epfo;fpwJ? ♣♣♣♣ ghf;fpBd;ghf;fpBd;ghf;fpBd;ghf;fpBd;

5555.... ve;j jhtuj;jpd; `pA+Nfh l;tpup]; jpBu; khw;wj;ij fz;lwpe;jtu;

♣♣♣♣ <NdhjPNuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPNuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPNuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPNuh ykhu;f;fpahdh

6666.... capu;Ntjp jpBu;khw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf ,J __________ rpy

mkpNdhMkpyq;fis cUthf;f Kbtjpy;iy. ♣♣♣♣ epANuh];NghuhepANuh];NghuhepANuh];NghuhepANuh];Nghuh

7777.... LNuhNrhgpy;yh nkyNdh fh];lu; Nfkpl;Lfs; __________ vz;zpf;ifapy;

FNuhk;Nrhk;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd ♣♣♣♣ ehd;Fehd;Fehd;Fehd;F

8888.... ey;ypNrhkp ,t;thW Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ ♣♣♣♣ 2n-2

9999.... DNA----tpd; ,ul;il RUs; khjpupia tpsf;fpatu; ♣♣♣♣ thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf;

10101010.... DNA %yf;$wpd; tpl;lk; ♣♣♣♣ 20202020Aº

11111111.... fPo;f;fz;l ve;j capupdj;jpy; RNA fhzg;gLtjpy;iy? ♣♣♣♣ DNA itu];fs;itu];fs;itu];fs;itu];fs;

12121212.... nry;ypYs;s RNAtpy; m-RNA tpd; msT ♣♣♣♣ 3333----5 rjtPjk;5 rjtPjk;5 rjtPjk;5 rjtPjk;

13131313.... ghf;Bupa nry; ________ f;F mjpfkhd flj;J RNA f;fs; cs;sd ♣♣♣♣ 70707070

14141414.... mugplhg;]p]; jhypahdh jhtuj;jpd; [PNdhk; ♣♣♣♣ 5555

15151515.... ghf;BNahNg[;fspy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpBu; khw;wk; ♣♣♣♣ ePf;fy; jpBu;khw;wk;ePf;fy; jpBu;khw;wk;ePf;fy; jpBu;khw;wk;ePf;fy; jpBu;khw;wk;

16161616.... FNuhNkhNrhkpd; Edpg;gFjpapd; epiyj;j jd;ikf;F cjTtJ ♣♣♣♣ BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;

17171717.... xt;nthU FNuhNkhNrhkpYk; cs;s xNu khjpupahd ,U mikg;Gfs;

♣♣♣♣ FNuhNkl;Lfs;FNuhNkl;Lfs;FNuhNkl;Lfs;FNuhNkl;Lfs;

32

18181818.... nrd;l;NuhkpaUk;> BNyhkpaUk; ,y;yhj epiyaw;w FNuhNkhNrhk; mikg;G

cilaJ ♣♣♣♣ lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];

19191919.... ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhkfis Kjd;Kjypy; fz;L gpbj;jtu;

♣♣♣♣ ghy;gpahdp ghy;gpahdp ghy;gpahdp ghy;gpahdp C.G (1881)(1881)(1881)(1881)

20202020.... FNuhNkhl;bl;Lfs; ,ize;Js;s ikak; ♣♣♣♣ nrd;l;Nuhknrd;l;Nuhknrd;l;Nuhknrd;l;Nuhkpau;pau;pau;pau;

21212121.... kdpj cly FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; vz;zpf;if ♣♣♣♣ 44444444

22222222.... FNuhNkhNrhkpd; Edpg;gFjp ♣♣♣♣ BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;

23232323.... B- FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; fhzg;gLk; capup ♣♣♣♣ kf;fhr;Nrhsk;kf;fhr;Nrhsk;kf;fhr;Nrhsk;kf;fhr;Nrhsk;

24242424.... lGs; kpdpl;]; FNuhNkhNrhk; fhzg;gLk;nry;fs; ♣♣♣♣ Gw;WNeha; nry;fs;Gw;WNeha; nry;fs;Gw;WNeha; nry;fs;Gw;WNeha; nry;fs;

25252525.... ckpo;ePu; Rug;gpapy; fhzg;gLk; FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ♣♣♣♣ ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;

26262626.... tpsf;Fj; J}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; fhzg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ mrpl;lh GNyupahmrpl;lh GNyupahmrpl;lh GNyupahmrpl;lh GNyupah

27272727.... xU capupdj;jpd; tho;jpwidf; Fiwf;fpd;w FNuhNkhNrhk;

♣♣♣♣ B---- FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;

28282828.... DNA ----tpd; gf;fthl;L tisaq;fs; fhzg;gLk; FNuhNkhNrhk;

♣♣♣♣ tpsf;Fj; Jtpsf;Fj; Jtpsf;Fj; Jtpsf;Fj; J}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;

29292929.... #g;gu; epA+kup vd miof;fg;gLk; FNuhNkhNrhk; ♣♣♣♣ B---- FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;

30303030.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; njspthff; fhzg;gLk; nry; gFg;G epiy ♣♣♣♣ nkl;lhNg];nkl;lhNg];nkl;lhNg];nkl;lhNg];

31313131.... ~L| tbt FNuhNkhNrhk; vd miof;fg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ rg; rg; rg; rg; ---- nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;

32323232.... ~~~~V| | | | tbt FNuhNkhNrhk; vd miof;fg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ nkl;lh nkl;lh nkl;lh nkl;lh ---- nrd;l;upf;nrd;l;upf;nrd;l;upf;nrd;l;upf;

33333333.... [Pd; vd;w nrhy;iy mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; ♣♣♣♣ W. N[h`hd;rd; (1909). N[h`hd;rd; (1909). N[h`hd;rd; (1909). N[h`hd;rd; (1909)

34343434.... N`hNkh Nrg;gpad;]pd; [PNdhk; ♣♣♣♣ 23232323

35353535.... [Pd;fSf;Fk;> nehjpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhlu;igf; $wpatu;

♣♣♣♣ gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;

36363636.... kdpj [PNdhkpy; cs;s epA+f;spNahilLfspd; vz;zpf;if

♣♣♣♣ 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 x 101010109999 epA+f;spNahilLfs;epA+f;spNahilLfs;epA+f;spNahilLfs;epA+f;spNahilLfs;

37373737.... 631 [PNdhk; fhzg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ XgpNah fpshrk;XgpNah fpshrk;XgpNah fpshrk;XgpNah fpshrk;

38383838.... xU [Pd; xUnehjp Nfhl;ghl;bid toq;fpatu; ♣♣♣♣ gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;

39393939.... muhgpbahg;rp]; jhypahdhtpd; [PNdhkpd; msT ♣♣♣♣ 130 nkfhNg];fs;130 nkfhNg];fs;130 nkfhNg];fs;130 nkfhNg];fs;

40404040.... kdpjdpy; capu;Ntjp nray;fspy; <LgLk; [PNdhkpd; rjtPjk; ♣♣♣♣ 38.238.238.238.2%

41414141.... ,izg;G Nrhjidf; fyg;G tpfpjk; ; ; ; ♣♣♣♣ 7 7 7 7 : 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 1 : 7777

42424242.... kpah]p]; (m) Fd;wy; nry; gpupjypd; NghJ FWf;Nf fyj;jy; eilngWk;

epiy ♣♣♣♣ ghf;fpBd;ghf;fpBd;ghf;fpBd;ghf;fpBd;

43434343.... tpyfy; (Repulsion) Nrhjid fyg;G tpfpjk; ♣♣♣♣ 1111:7:7:1

33

44444444.... Ngl;rd; - Gd;dl; 1906 y; gpizg;G gw;wpa Ma;Tfis elj;jpa jhtuk;

♣♣♣♣ yj;iju]; XNlhNul;l];yj;iju]; XNlhNul;l];yj;iju]; XNlhNul;l];yj;iju]; XNlhNul;l];

45454545.... ,izg;G kw;Wk; tpyfy; epfo;Tfis ,dpg;Gg; gl;lhzpr;nrbapy;

fz;;Lgpbj;jtu;fs; ♣♣♣♣ Ngl;rd; Ngl;rd; Ngl;rd; Ngl;rd; ---- Gd;dl;Gd;dl;Gd;dl;Gd;dl;

46464646.... Ngl;rd; > Gd;dl; ,dpg;Gg;gl;lhzpapy; nra;jNrhjidapy; fpilj;j ngw;Nwhu;

Nru;f;ifapd; rjtPjk; ahJ? ♣♣♣♣ 88888888

47474747.... kuG tiuglj;jpd; myF ♣♣♣♣ khu;fd;khu;fd;khu;fd;khu;fd;

48484848.... kdpjdpd; 17 tJ FNuhNkhNrhk; ♣♣♣♣ mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;

49494949.... gpize;j [Pd;fSf;fpilNa eilngWk; FWf;Nfw;wk; ,jpy; khw;wj;ij

cUthf;FfpwJ? ♣♣♣♣ kuGg; gz;Gfs;kuGg; gz;Gfs;kuGg; gz;Gfs;kuGg; gz;Gfs;

50505050.... [Pd;fspd; FWf;Nfw;w epfo;jfT vg;NghJ mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;?

♣♣♣♣ ,uz;L [Pd;fs; njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ,uz;L [Pd;fs; njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ,uz;L [Pd;fs; njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ,uz;L [Pd;fs; njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

51515151.... ve;jj; jhtuj;jpy; `pA+Nfh-Btup]; jpBu; khw;wj;ijf; fz;lwpe;jhu;

♣♣♣♣ <NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh

52525252.... capu;Ntjp jpBu; khw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf ,J _________ mkpNdh mkpyq;fis

cUthf;f Kbtjpy;iy ♣♣♣♣ epA+Nuh]; NghuhepA+Nuh]; NghuhepA+Nuh]; NghuhepA+Nuh]; Nghuh

53535353.... irru; iffh]; ,j;jpBu; khw;wj;jw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♣♣♣♣ [Pd; jpBu; khw;wk; [Pd; jpBu; khw;wk; [Pd; jpBu; khw;wk; [Pd; jpBu; khw;wk;

54545454.... ePf;fy; jpBu; khw;wk; cs;s capup ♣♣♣♣ ghf;Bupah Ng[;fs;ghf;Bupah Ng[;fs;ghf;Bupah Ng[;fs;ghf;Bupah Ng[;fs;

55555555.... nfhy;yp jpBu; khw;wk; fhzg;gLk; jhtuk; ♣♣♣♣ Nrhsk;Nrhsk;Nrhsk;Nrhsk;

56565656.... [Pdpd; nray;ghl;L myF ♣♣♣♣ rrrrp];l;uhd;p];l;uhd;p];l;uhd;p];l;uhd;

57575757.... ngdprpypak; mjpkhd ngdprpypid cz;lhf;Ftjw;Ff; fhuzk;

♣♣♣♣ J}z;lg;gl;l jpBu; khw;wk;J}z;lg;gl;l jpBu; khw;wk;J}z;lg;gl;l jpBu; khw;wk;J}z;lg;gl;l jpBu; khw;wk;

58585858.... Edp ePf;fk; FNuhNkhNrhk; gpwl;rp fhzg;gLk; capup ♣♣♣♣ LNuhrh gpy;yhLNuhrh gpy;yhLNuhrh gpy;yhLNuhrh gpy;yh

59595959.... LNuhNrhgpy;yh nkyhNdhfh];lu; fhkpl;Lfs; ____________ vz;zpf;ifapy;

FNuhNkhNrhk;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd ♣♣♣♣ ehd;Fehd;Fehd;Fehd;F

60606060.... kf;fhr;Nrhsj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gpwl;rp ♣♣♣♣ ,ul;bg;ghjy;,ul;bg;ghjy;,ul;bg;ghjy;,ul;bg;ghjy;

61616161.... jiyfPo; jpUg;gj;jpd; tpisthf FNuhNkhNrhkpy; cs;s [Pd;fs; jpUk;g

milAk; Nfhzk; ♣♣♣♣ 180180180180º

62626262.... kdpjDila 17 tJ FNuhNkhNrhk; ♣♣♣♣ mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;mf;Nuh nrd;l;upf;

63636363.... rpw;wpdq;fs; NtWghl;bw;Ff; fhuzkhd FNuhNkhNrhk; ♣♣♣♣ ,lk; ngau;jy;,lk; ngau;jy;,lk; ngau;jy;,lk; ngau;jy;

64646464.... ngupnrd;l;upf; jiyfPo; jpUg;gk; fhzg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ rpk;gd;rp Fuq;Frpk;gd;rp Fuq;Frpk;gd;rp Fuq;Frpk;gd;rp Fuq;F

65656565.... xU rpw;wpdj;jpd; xw;iwika (n) FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,t;thW

miof;fg;gLfpd;wd ♣♣♣♣ [PNdhk;[PNdhk;[PNdhk;[PNdhk;

66666666.... "A" [PNdhk; vdpy; bupg;gsha;by; fhzg;gLtJ? ♣♣♣♣ AAA

34

67676767.... ghypg; gpsha;b Vw;glf; fhuzk; ♣♣♣♣ xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;g;gl;l xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;g;gl;l xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;g;gl;l xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;g;gl;l

FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjpfs; ,Uka njhFjpAld; ,iztjhy; FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjpfs; ,Uka njhFjpAld; ,iztjhy; FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjpfs; ,Uka njhFjpAld; ,iztjhy; FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjpfs; ,Uka njhFjpAld; ,iztjhy;

68686868.... 2n-1 vdg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ NkhNdhNrhkpf;NkhNdhNrhkpf;NkhNdhNrhkpf;NkhNdhNrhkpf;

69696969.... 2n+1 vdg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ biuNrhkpbiuNrhkpbiuNrhkpbiuNrhkp

70707070.... ey;ypNrhkp ,t;thW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ ♣♣♣♣2n-2

71717171.... 2n+2 vdg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ nll;uhNrhkpnll;uhNrhkpnll;uhNrhkpnll;uhNrhkp

72727272.... 2n-2 vdg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ ey;ypNrhkpey;ypNrhkpey;ypNrhkpey;ypNrhkp

73737373.... n`f;rh gpsha;b bupbNfypy; fhzg;gLk; FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ♣♣♣♣ 42424242

74747474.... Kjd;Kjyhf kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l jhdpak; ,J ♣♣♣♣ bupl;bNfy;bupl;bNfy;bupl;bNfy;bupl;bNfy;

75757575.... kugpaypd; ,aw;gpay; mbg;gilf; nghUs; ♣♣♣♣ FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;

76. kugpaypd; Ntjp mbg;gilg; nghUs; ♣♣♣♣ D.N.A

77777777.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; RNA kuGg; nghUshff; fhzg;gLfpwJ

♣♣♣♣ Gifapiy nkhirf; itu];Gifapiy nkhirf; itu];Gifapiy nkhirf; itu];Gifapiy nkhirf; itu];

78787878.... kugpaypy; DNA tpd; gq;F gw;wp Muha;e;j ghf;Bupa mwptpayhu; ♣♣♣♣ fpup/gpj;fpup/gpj;fpup/gpj;fpup/gpj;

79797979.... DNA ,ul;bg;ghjiy ghjpgoik Kiw DNA ,ul;bg;G vd;W $wpatu;fs;

♣♣♣♣ thl;rd; thl;rd; thl;rd; thl;rd; ---- fpupf;fpupf;fpupf;fpupf;

80808080.... DNA ,ioapy; ,uz;L epA+f;spNahilLfSf;F ,ilNa cs;s J}uk;

♣♣♣♣ 3.43.43.43.4 Aº

81818181.... v.Nfhiyapy; DNA ,ul;bg;ghjy; eilngWk; Neuk; ♣♣♣♣ 40 epkplq;fs;40 epkplq;fs;40 epkplq;fs;40 epkplq;fs;

82828282.... iuNghNrhkpd; nkhj;j vilapy;> iuNghNrhky; RNA ♣♣♣♣ 40404040----60606060%

83838383.... DNA tpy; cs;s kuGr; nra;jpahdJ J}J RNAtpy; khw;wg;gLk; epfo;r;rp

♣♣♣♣ gbahf;fk;gbahf;fk;gbahf;fk;gbahf;fk;

84848484.... RNA tpd; FNshtu; khjpupia ntspapl;ltu; ♣♣♣♣ R.W. N`hyp. N`hyp. N`hyp. N`hyp

85858585.... xU nry;ypy; J}J RNA tpd; msT ♣♣♣♣ 3 3 3 3 ---- 5 5 5 5 %

86868686.... Gujr; Nru;f;ifiaj; njhlq;fp itf;Fk; fhuzp ♣♣♣♣ RNA ghypkNu];ghypkNu];ghypkNu];ghypkNu];

87878787.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,itfshy; MdJ ♣♣♣♣ DNA & Gujq;fs;Gujq;fs;Gujq;fs;Gujq;fs;

88888888.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; [Pd;fisf; nfhz;ls;sd vd;gij Kjd;Kjyhf

cWjpnra;jtu; ♣♣♣♣ gpupl;[]; (1916)gpupl;[]; (1916)gpupl;[]; (1916)gpupl;[]; (1916)

89898989.... ___________ epiyapd; NghJ FNuhNkbl;Lfs; efu;tjw;F nrd;l;Nuhkpau;

mtrpakhfpwJ ♣♣♣♣ mdhNg];mdhNg];mdhNg];mdhNg];

90909090.... ifdNlhNfhu; Guj ,iofs; kw;Wk; Ez;Foy;fs; _______________

cUthf;f cjTfpd;wd ♣♣♣♣ ];gpz;by; ,iofs;];gpz;by; ,iofs;];gpz;by; ,iofs;];gpz;by; ,iofs;

35

91919191.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fspy; cs;s ,uz;lhk; epiy RUf;fq;fspypUe;J ________

cUthfpd;wd. NtW ngau;fs; ♣♣♣♣ epA+f;spNahy];epA+f;spNahy];epA+f;spNahy];epA+f;spNahy];

92929292.... B- FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; NtW ngau;fs; ♣♣♣♣ #g;gu; epA+kuup kw;Wk; Jiz #g;gu; epA+kuup kw;Wk; Jiz #g;gu; epA+kuup kw;Wk; Jiz #g;gu; epA+kuup kw;Wk; Jiz

FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;

93939393.... jhtuq;fspy; tho;jpwid ,itfs; Fiwf;fpd;wd ♣♣♣♣ B---- FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;FNuhNkhNrhk;

94949494.... ,it epiyw;w FNuhNkhNrhk; mikg;G nfhz;lit ♣♣♣♣ lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];

95959595.... ,tw;wpy; nrd;l;NuhkpaUk;> BNyhkpUk; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy ♣♣♣♣ lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];lGs; kpdpl;];

96969696.... ,itfs; rpy jhtuq;fspd; fU r];ngd;rhu; nry;fspy; cs;sd

♣♣♣♣ ,uhl;rr ,uhl;rr ,uhl;rr ,uhl;rr FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;FNuhNkhNrhk;fs;

97979797.... ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; rpwg;gpay;G ♣♣♣♣fUk;gl;il kw;Wk; epwkw;w gl;ilfUk;gl;il kw;Wk; epwkw;w gl;ilfUk;gl;il kw;Wk; epwkw;w gl;ilfUk;gl;il kw;Wk; epwkw;w gl;il

98989898.... ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,t;thWk; miof;fg;gLk;

♣♣♣♣ ckpo;ePu; Rug;gp FNuhNkhNrhk;ckpo;ePu; Rug;gp FNuhNkhNrhk;ckpo;ePu; Rug;gp FNuhNkhNrhk;ckpo;ePu; Rug;gp FNuhNkhNrhk;

99999999.... tpsf;F J}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;fis Kjd;Kjyhf fz;lwpe;jtu;

♣♣♣♣ ////gpskpq; (1882)gpskpq; (1882)gpskpq; (1882)gpskpq; (1882)

100100100100.... tpsf;F J}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; fhzg;gLk; xU nry; My;fh vJ?

♣♣♣♣ mrplhGNyupahmrplhGNyupahmrplhGNyupahmrplhGNyupah

101101101101.... [Pd;fSf;fk;> nehjpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhlu;ig gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;

fPo;f;fz;l G+Q;irapy; capu;Ntjp Ma;Tfis nra;jdu; ♣♣♣♣ epANuh];NghuhepANuh];NghuhepANuh];NghuhepANuh];Nghuh

102102102102.... [Pd;fs; gy tifahd nehjpfspd; cw;gj;jpw;fhd nra;jpiaf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vdf; fz;lwpe;jtu;fs; ♣♣♣♣ gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk; (1958)(1958)(1958)(1958)

103103103103.... ~~ xU [Pd; xU nehjp Nfhl;ghL|| jw;NghJ vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?

♣♣♣♣ xU [Pd; xU ghypngg;ilL Nfhl;ghLxU [Pd; xU ghypngg;ilL Nfhl;ghLxU [Pd; xU ghypngg;ilL Nfhl;ghLxU [Pd; xU ghypngg;ilL Nfhl;ghL

104104104104.... kdpj ikl;Nlhfhz;l;upah [PNdhk; fPo;f;fz;l [Pd;fisAk;> fhu,izfisAk;

nfhz;Ls;sJ ♣♣♣♣ 37 [Pd;fs; 16>569 fhu ,izfs;37 [Pd;fs; 16>569 fhu ,izfs;37 [Pd;fs; 16>569 fhu ,izfs;37 [Pd;fs; 16>569 fhu ,izfs;

105105105105.... N`hNkh Nrg;gpad;]pd; [PNdhkpd; vz;zpf;if ♣♣♣♣ 3300.003300.003300.003300.00

106106106106.... kdpjupy; njupate;Js;s [Pd;fspd; nray;ghLfs; ♣♣♣♣ 30>000 30>000 30>000 30>000 ---- 40>00040>00040>00040>000

107107107107.... gpizg;G (Linkage) vd;Dk; epfo;r;rpapd; ,U$Wfs; ♣♣♣♣ ,izg;G> tpyFjy;,izg;G> tpyFjy;,izg;G> tpyFjy;,izg;G> tpyFjy;

108108108108.... kuG tiugj;jpd; myF ♣♣♣♣ khu;fd; (m)khu;fd; (m)khu;fd; (m)khu;fd; (m) nrd;bkhu;fd;nrd;bkhu;fd;nrd;bkhu;fd;nrd;bkhu;fd;

109109109109.... jpBu; khw;wq;fis ];Nghu;l;]; (,aw;ifapd; tpisahl;L) vd Fwpg;gpl;ltu;

♣♣♣♣ rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;

110110110110.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; jpBu; khw;wKw;w capupdk; vJ? ♣♣♣♣ <NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh<NdhjPuh ykhu;f;fpahdh

111111111111.... [Pd; jpBu; khw;wj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

♣♣♣♣ irru; Mupl;bdk; irru; Mupl;bdk; irru; Mupl;bdk; irru; Mupl;bdk; ---- rpwpa tpijfs; rpwpa tpijfs; rpwpa tpijfs; rpwpa tpijfs;

♣♣♣♣ irru; i[fh]; irru; i[fh]; irru; i[fh]; irru; i[fh]; ---- ngupa tpijfs;ngupa tpijfs;ngupa tpijfs;ngupa tpijfs;

36

112112112112.... DNA tpy; xU rpy iel;u[d; fhuq;fSf;F gjpyhf NtnwhU fhuk; ,iztJ

♣♣♣♣ gjpyPL jpBu; khw;wk;gjpyPL jpBu; khw;wk;gjpyPL jpBu; khw;wk;gjpyPL jpBu; khw;wk;

113113113113.... tpijfspy; jpBu; khw;wj;ij cz;lhf;Fk; ,aw;gpay; fhuzpfs;

♣♣♣♣ X----fjpu;fs; kw;Wk; fhkhf; fjpu;fs;fjpu;fs; kw;Wk; fhkhf; fjpu;fs;fjpu;fs; kw;Wk; fhkhf; fjpu;fs;fjpu;fs; kw;Wk; fhkhf; fjpu;fs;

114114114114.... kfue;jj; J}s;fspy; jpBu;khw;wj;ij cz;lhf;Fk; ,aw;gpay; fhuzp

♣♣♣♣ Gw Cjhf fjpu; tPr;RGw Cjhf fjpu; tPr;RGw Cjhf fjpu; tPr;RGw Cjhf fjpu; tPr;R

115115115115.... Ez;Zapu;fs;> cau; epiy jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspy; Ntjp jpBu;

khw;wq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;f ngUkstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ

♣♣♣♣vjpy; kPj;Njd; ry;NghNdl; (vjpy; kPj;Njd; ry;NghNdl; (vjpy; kPj;Njd; ry;NghNdl; (vjpy; kPj;Njd; ry;NghNdl; (EMS))))

116116116116.... [Pdpd; nray;ghl;L myF vJ? ♣♣♣♣ rp];l;uhd;rp];l;uhd;rp];l;uhd;rp];l;uhd;

117117117117.... [Pdpd; kW Nru;f;if myF vJ? ♣♣♣♣ nuf;fhd;nuf;fhd;nuf;fhd;nuf;fhd;

118118118118.... [Pdpd; jpBu; khw;w myF vJ? ♣♣♣♣ kpA+l;lhd;kpA+l;lhd;kpA+l;lhd;kpA+l;lhd;

119119119119.... FNuhNkhNrhk; EdpapNyh my;yJ ,ilapNyh ePf;fk; Vw;gLtjw;F

vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♣♣♣♣ LNuhNrh/gpy;yh kw;Wk; kf;fhr;Nrhsk;LNuhNrh/gpy;yh kw;Wk; kf;fhr;Nrhsk;LNuhNrh/gpy;yh kw;Wk; kf;fhr;Nrhsk;LNuhNrh/gpy;yh kw;Wk; kf;fhr;Nrhsk;

120120120120.... capupdq;fspd; gupzhk tsu;r;rpf;F _________ jpBu; khw;wq;fs; cjTfpd;wd.

♣♣♣♣ ,ul;bg;ghjy;,ul;bg;ghjy;,ul;bg;ghjy;,ul;bg;ghjy;

121121121121.... kdpjDila 17-tJ FNuhNkhNrhk; ♣♣♣♣ mf;Nuhmf;Nuhmf;Nuhmf;Nuhnrd;l;upf;nrd;l;upf;nrd;l;upf;nrd;l;upf;

122122122122.... rpk;gd;rp Fuq;fpy; 17-tJ FNuhNkhNrhk; ♣♣♣♣ nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;nkl;lh nrd;l;upf;

123123123123.... guk;giu Neha;fisj; Njhw;wtpf;f fhuzkhf cs;s FNuhNkhNrhk; gpwl;rp

♣♣♣♣ ,lk;ngau;jy; jpBu; khw;wk;,lk;ngau;jy; jpBu; khw;wk;,lk;ngau;jy; jpBu; khw;wk;,lk;ngau;jy; jpBu; khw;wk;

124124124124.... xU capupdj;jpYs;s mbg;gil FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjp mjd; klq;fpy;

mjpfupj;Njh my;yJ Fiwe;Njh fhzg;gLtJ ♣♣♣♣ A+gpsha;bA+gpsha;bA+gpsha;bA+gpsha;b

125125125125.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; Ml;Nlhl;upg;gpsha;bf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

♣♣♣♣ thio> jpuhl;ir> ju;G+rzpthio> jpuhl;ir> ju;G+rzpthio> jpuhl;ir> ju;G+rzpthio> jpuhl;ir> ju;G+rzp

126126126126.... fPo;f;fz;l jhtuq;fs; Ml;Nlhl;upg;gpsha;bf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♣♣♣♣ Mg;gps;Mg;gps;Mg;gps;Mg;gps;

127127127127.... Kjd;Kjyhf kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l jhdpak; vJ? ♣♣♣♣ bupl;bNfy;bupl;bNfy;bupl;bNfy;bupl;bNfy;

128128128128.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia ,ul;bg;ghf;fg; gad;gLtJ vJ?

♣♣♣♣ fhy;r;rp]pd;fhy;r;rp]pd;fhy;r;rp]pd;fhy;r;rp]pd;

129129129129.... biuNrhkp ______ vd;Dk; jhtuj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

♣♣♣♣ lhl;Luh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;Luh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;Luh ];l;uhNkhdpak;lhl;Luh ];l;uhNkhdpak;

130130130130.... ngUk;ghyhd jhtu itu];fspy; __________ kuGg; nghUshf cs;sJ

♣♣♣♣ RNA

131131131131.... bg;Nshfhf;f]; epNkhdpNa vDk; ghf;Bupahtpy; DNA itg;gw;wp Muha;e;jtu;

♣♣♣♣ gpulupf; fpup/gpj; (1928)gpulupf; fpup/gpj; (1928)gpulupf; fpup/gpj; (1928)gpulupf; fpup/gpj; (1928)

37

132132132132.... DNA itg;gw;wp X- fjpu;fisf;nfhz;L Ma;T nra;jtu;fs;

♣♣♣♣ tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;tpy;fpd;]; kw;Wk; /gpuhd;fpspd;

133133133133.... DNA ,ul;il RUs; khjpupia ntspapl;ltu;fs;

♣♣♣♣ N[k;]; thl;rd; kw;Wk; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; (1953)N[k;]; thl;rd; kw;Wk; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; (1953)N[k;]; thl;rd; kw;Wk; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; (1953)N[k;]; thl;rd; kw;Wk; gpuhd;rp]; fpupf; (1953)

134134134134.... DNA itg;gw;wp rhu;fhg; tpjp (m) fhu ,iztpjp ntspaplg;gl;l Mz;L

♣♣♣♣ 1949194919491949

135135135135.... DNA----tpd; ,uz;L epA+f;spNahilLfSf;F ,ilNa cs;s J}uk; ♣♣♣♣ 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Aº

136136136136.... thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf; $wpa ghjp goik DNA ,ul;bg;G Kiwjhd; rupahdJ

vd;W cWjpg;gLj;jpatu;fs; ; ; ; ♣♣♣♣ kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;kPrpy;rd; kw;Wk; ];lhy;

137137137137.... DNA ----,ul;bghjypd;NghJ ePl;rpf;F fhuzkhf cs;s nehjp

♣♣♣♣ DNA ghypnkNu];ghypnkNu];ghypnkNu];ghypnkNu];

138138138138.... DNA Jz;Lfis ,izf;fg;gad;gLk; nehjp ♣♣♣♣ iyNf];iyNf];iyNf];iyNf];

139139139139.... nry;ypy; RNA tpy; J}J RNA tpd; rjtPjk; ♣♣♣♣ 3 3 3 3 ----5 rjtPjk5 rjtPjk5 rjtPjk5 rjtPjk;

140. flj;J RNA tpd; kWngau; ♣♣♣♣ S - RNA (Soluble RNA) (m) fiuAk; (m) fiuAk; (m) fiuAk; (m) fiuAk; RNA

141141141141.... nry;ypy; RNA tpy; flj;J RNA tpd; rjtPjk; ♣♣♣♣ 15 tpOf;fhL15 tpOf;fhL15 tpOf;fhL15 tpOf;fhL

142142142142.... kuG rq;Nfjj;jpDila mbg;gil myF ♣♣♣♣ Nfhlhd; (Nfhlhd; (Nfhlhd; (Nfhlhd; (Codon))))

143143143143.... ,J nkjpNahidd; vDk; mkpNdh mkpyj;jpw;fhd rq;NfjkhFk; ♣♣♣♣ AUG

144144144144.... ,itfs; mu;j;jkw;w rq;Nfjq;fs; MFk;.

♣♣♣♣ UAA

♣♣♣♣ UAG

♣♣♣♣ UGA

145. fPo;f;fz;l %d;WNfhlhd;fs; epWj;J rq;Nfjq;fs; MFk; .

♣♣♣♣ UAA

♣♣♣♣ UAG

♣♣♣♣ UGA

146146146146.... DNA tpy; cs;s kuG nra;jp J}J RNA Tf;F nehjpfspd; <Lghl;Lld;

khw;wg;gLk; epfo;r;rp ♣♣♣♣ gbahf;fk;gbahf;fk;gbahf;fk;gbahf;fk;

147147147147.... J}J RNA tpYs;s epA+f;spNahilL tupir Kiwia ghypngg;ilbd;

mkpNdh mkpy tupir Kiwahf khw;wg;gLk; epfo;r;rp _______ vdg;gLk;.

♣♣♣♣ nkhopahf;fk;nkhopahf;fk;nkhopahf;fk;nkhopahf;fk;

148148148148.... DNA tpy; mjpRUf;f RUs; cs;s gFjpia jsu;j;jp tpLk; nehjp

♣♣♣♣ NlhNghINrhkpNu];NlhNghINrhkpNu];NlhNghINrhkpNu];NlhNghINrhkpNu];

38

149149149149.... tpsf;F J}hpif FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,tw;wpd; Cirl;Lfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd

♣♣♣♣ rykhz;lu;rykhz;lu;rykhz;lu;rykhz;lu;

150150150150.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fspy; kPs;Nru;f;if epfOk; epiy ♣♣♣♣ Fd;wy; gpuptpd; GNuhNg];Fd;wy; gpuptpd; GNuhNg];Fd;wy; gpuptpd; GNuhNg];Fd;wy; gpuptpd; GNuhNg];----I

151151151151.... kdpj bg;sha;L nry;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ,df;FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; vz;zpf;if ♣♣♣♣

46464646

152152152152.... capu;Ntjp jpBu;khw;wk; ,jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. ♣♣♣♣ epA+Nuh];NghuhepA+Nuh];NghuhepA+Nuh];NghuhepA+Nuh];Nghuh

153153153153.... DNA tpypUe;J [Pd; nra;jpfis m-RNA vq;F vLj;Jr; nry;fpwJ?

♣♣♣♣ iuNghNrhkiuNghNrhkiuNghNrhkiuNghNrhk;

154154154154.... ,U gpize;j [Pd;fSf;F ,ilapy; cs;s FWf;Nf fyj;jy; tPjk; 1%

vd;why; me;j ,U [Pd;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s tiugl ,ilntsp

♣♣♣♣ 1 khu;fd;1 khu;fd;1 khu;fd;1 khu;fd;

155155155155.... nkl;lh nrd;l;upf; FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; tbtk; ♣♣♣♣ V---- tbtk;tbtk;tbtk;tbtk;

156156156156.... mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; bA+kp/Ngrpad;]; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; Neha;

♣♣♣♣ kFl foiy Neha;kFl foiy Neha;kFl foiy Neha;kFl foiy Neha;

157157157157.... epA+Nuh];Nghuhtpy; capu;Ntjp Muha;r;rpia nra;jtu;fs;

♣♣♣♣ gPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lkgPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lkgPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lkgPby; kw;Wk; lhl;lk;

158158158158.... vd;bNuhlhf;rpid Njhw;Wtpg;gJ ♣♣♣♣ mf;Nuhghf;Bupak;mf;Nuhghf;Bupak;mf;Nuhghf;Bupak;mf;Nuhghf;Bupak;

159159159159.... mjpf epiyg;Gj;jd;ikAila RNA ♣♣♣♣ flj;J flj;J flj;J flj;J RNA

160160160160.... FNuhNkhNrhkpd; Edpg;gFjpapd; epiyg;Gj;jd;ikf;F cjTtJ ♣♣♣♣ BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;BNyhkpau;

161161161161.... bNuhNrhgpy;yhtpd; ckpo;ePu; Rug;gpfspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;Gtif FNuhNkhNrhk;

♣♣♣♣ ghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhkghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhkghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhkghypBd; FNuhNkhNrhk;

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ....4 capu; njhopy; El;gtpay;4 capu; njhopy; El;gtpay;4 capu; njhopy; El;gtpay;4 capu; njhopy; El;gtpay;

A=2x1=2

B =3x1=3

1111.... nu];l;upf;\d; nehjp ,tw;why; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ ☺ ghf;Bupaq;fs; kl;Lk; ghf;Bupaq;fs; kl;Lk; ghf;Bupaq;fs; kl;Lk; ghf;Bupaq;fs; kl;Lk;

2222.... xt;nthU nu];l;upf;\d; nehjpAk; DNA %yf;$iw ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Jz;bf;fpwJ

☺ epA+f;spNahilL tupirapy;epA+f;spNahilL tupirapy;epA+f;spNahilL tupirapy;epA+f;spNahilL tupirapy;

3333.... may; [Pid nry;ypDs; mwpKfg;gLj;j gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Kiw

☺ kpd; Jisahf;fk;kpd; Jisahf;fk;kpd; Jisahf;fk;kpd; Jisahf;fk;

4444.... Vwf;Fiwa ,d;iwa epiyapy; fhzg;gLk; may; [Pid ngw;w jhtuq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if ☺ Ik;gJIk;gJIk;gJIk;gJ

39

5555.... G+r;rpfisf; nfhy;Yk; er;Rj;jd;ikAila nly;lh vz;Nalhlhf;]pd; Gujj;jpid

cw;gj;jp nra;tJ ☺ Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];

6666.... [Pd; ,lk; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l #NlhNkhdh]; G+blh _________ I rpijf;fpwJ.

☺ fr;rh vz;nza;fr;rh vz;nza;fr;rh vz;nza;fr;rh vz;nza;

7777.... capUs;s jhtu nry;ypypUe;J KOjhtuj;ij cUthf;Fk; jpwd; __________

vdg;gLk; ☺ KOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sikKOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sikKOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sikKOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sik

8888.... irl;Nlhifdpd; gzp ,ij mjpfupg;gJ ☺ nry; gFg;;G nry; gFg;;G nry; gFg;;G nry; gFg;;G

9999.... jpR tsu;g;G Kiwapd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; Kf;fpag; nghUs; ☺ nraw;if tpijfs;nraw;if tpijfs;nraw;if tpijfs;nraw;if tpijfs;

10101010.... ,uz;L GNuhl;Nlh gpsh];LfSf;F ,ilNa ,izit cz;lhf;Fk; fhuzp

☺ ghyp vj;jpyPd; fpisf;fhy; ghyp vj;jpyPd; fpisf;fhy; ghyp vj;jpyPd; fpisf;fhy; ghyp vj;jpyPd; fpisf;fhy; (PEG)

11111111.... ,tw;wpd; %yk; cly fyg;gpdq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

☺ GNuhl;Nlh gpshr ,izTGNuhl;Nlh gpshr ,izTGNuhl;Nlh gpshr ,izTGNuhl;Nlh gpshr ,izT

12121212.... gpd;tUk;; xd;W jdp nry; Guj capupdkhFk; ☺ ];igUypdh];igUypdh];igUypdh];igUypdh

13131313.... kdpjd; cl;nfhs;s jf;f itl;lkpd; nrwpe;j khj;jpiufs; ,jpypUe;J

jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ ☺ ];igUypdh];igUypdh];igUypdh];igUypdh

14141414.... lhf;lu; M.S Rthkpehjd; Muha;r;rpikak; mike;Js;s ,lk; ☺ nrd;idnrd;idnrd;idnrd;id

15151515.... mf;Nuhghf;Bupak; bA+kp/Ngrpad;]; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; Neha; ☺ kFl foiy Neha;kFl foiy Neha;kFl foiy Neha;kFl foiy Neha;

16161616.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; xw;iw nry;ypypUe;J tsu;f;f KbtJ

☺ Nful;> Kl;ilNfh];> vYkpr;ir > cUisNful;> Kl;ilNfh];> vYkpr;ir > cUisNful;> Kl;ilNfh];> vYkpr;ir > cUisNful;> Kl;ilNfh];> vYkpr;ir > cUis

17171717.... DNA ,ioia Fwpg;gpl;l ,lq;fspy; Jz;bf;Fk; nehjp

☺ nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;\\\\d; vzd; vzd; vzd; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];;Nlh epA+f;spNa];;Nlh epA+f;spNa];;Nlh epA+f;spNa];

18181818.... ,J %yf;$W fj;jpupf;Nfhy; vdg;gLk;. ☺ nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;\\\\d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];

19191919.... ,J 1970 Mk; Mz;L fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. ☺ nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;nu];l;upf;\\\\d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];d; vz;Nlh epA+f;spNa];

20202020.... ,J DNA Jz;Lfis ,izf;Fk; jpwDilait ☺ DNA iyNf];iyNf];iyNf];iyNf];

21212121.... ,J 1966 Mk; Mz;L fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. ☺ DNA iyNf]; iyNf]; iyNf]; iyNf];

22222222.... ,J FNshdpq; Cu;jp (m) flj;jp vdg;gLfpwJ ☺ gpsh];kpl; gpsh];kpl; gpsh];kpl; gpsh];kpl; DNA

23232323.... ECORI ,jpypUe;J cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ☺ v];n]uprpah Nfhiyv];n]uprpah Nfhiyv];n]uprpah Nfhiyv];n]uprpah Nfhiy

24242424.... i`g;Nghgpl;A+luprk; fhuzkhf tsu;r;rp Fd;wpa Foe;ijfSf;F tsu;r;rpia

Cf;Ftpf;Fk; [Pd; khw;wj;jhy; cUthf;fpa nghUs;

☺ kdpj tsu;r;rp `hu;Nkhd;kdpj tsu;r;rp `hu;Nkhd;kdpj tsu;r;rp `hu;Nkhd;kdpj tsu;r;rp `hu;Nkhd;

25252525.... nry;fSf;F itu];fis vjpu;f;Fk; jpwD}l;Lk; [Pd; khw;wj;jhy; cUthf;fpag;

nghUs; ☺ ,d;lu;/nguhd;,d;lu;/nguhd;,d;lu;/nguhd;,d;lu;/nguhd;

26262626.... Neha; vjpu;g;Gj; jpwd;ngw;w ,uj;jnts;isaZf;fs; ngUf;fj;ij J}z;LtJ

☺ ,d;lu;ypA+f;fpd;,d;lu;ypA+f;fpd;,d;lu;ypA+f;fpd;,d;lu;ypA+f;fpd;

27272727.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ePupopT Neha;f;F rpfpr;ir mspf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ☺ ,d;Rypd;,d;Rypd;,d;Rypd;,d;Rypd;

28282828.... ,J ,uj;j mOj;jj;ijf; Fiwf;fpwJ ☺ nudpd; jLg;ghd;fs;nudpd; jLg;ghd;fs;nudpd; jLg;ghd;fs;nudpd; jLg;ghd;fs;

29292929.... ,aw;ifapy; rpijTWk; gpsha];bf;if cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; jhtuk;

40

☺ vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk; vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk; vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk; vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk;

30303030.... ghz;lh fisf;nfhy;ypia nraypof;fr;nra;Ak; ghf;Bupak;

☺ ];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];

31313131.... ,J jf;fhspapy; nry;Rtu; nghUl;fisr; rpijj;J khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jp fdpapd;

nkd;ikj; jd;ikiag; ngWfpwJ ☺ ghypNfyf;l;NuhNd];ghypNfyf;l;NuhNd];ghypNfyf;l;NuhNd];ghypNfyf;l;NuhNd];

32323232.... __________ vd;gJ fhahdJ fdpahf gOg;gjw;Ff; fhuzkhd nehjpfspd;

nray;ghl;ilf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; RNA %yf;$WthFk;. ☺ czu;jil czu;jil czu;jil czu;jil RNA

33333333.... Mde;j; Nkhfd; rf;utu;j;jp Kjd;Kjyhf _______ vd;w ghf;Bupa ufj;ij

cUthf;fpdhu;. ☺ #NlhNkhdh]; G+blh#NlhNkhdh]; G+blh#NlhNkhdh]; G+blh#NlhNkhdh]; G+blh

34343434.... ntt;NtW jpRf;fspypUe;J gpupj;njLj;j jdpj;jdpahd jhtu nry;fis

ntw;wpfukhf jhtuj;jpR tsu;g;G Kiw %yk; nra;jtu;

☺ G. N`gu;Nyz;l; 1898(n[u;kdp). N`gu;Nyz;l; 1898(n[u;kdp). N`gu;Nyz;l; 1898(n[u;kdp). N`gu;Nyz;l; 1898(n[u;kdp)

35353535.... jpR tsug;;gpd; NghJ Nfy]pypUe;J jz;L Njhd;WtJ _________ vdg;gLk;.

☺ fhNyhn[dprp];fhNyhn[dprp];fhNyhn[dprp];fhNyhn[dprp];

36363636.... jpR tsu;g;gpd; NghJ Nfy]pypUe;J Ntu; Njhd;WtJ ___________ vdg;gLk;.

☺ iuNrhn[dprp];iuNrhn[dprp];iuNrhn[dprp];iuNrhn[dprp];

37373737.... ,e;jpa Ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak; mike;Js;s ,lk; ☺ GJnly;yp GJnly;yp GJnly;yp GJnly;yp

38383838.... ghgh mZ Muha;r;rp epiyak; (BARC) mike;Js;s ,lk; ☺ Kk;igKk;igKk;igKk;ig

39393939.... kUj;Jt kw;Wk; thrid jputq;fSf;fhd ik Muha;r;rp epiyak; (CIAMP)

mike;Js;s ,lk; ☺ yf;Ndh> cj;jpug;gpuNjrk; yf;Ndh> cj;jpug;gpuNjrk; yf;Ndh> cj;jpug;gpuNjrk; yf;Ndh> cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;

40404040.... jdpnry; Gujk; vd;w nrhy; ve;j Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ? ☺ 1966196619661966

41414141.... ,J ePupopT Nehahspfspd; ,uj;j ru;f;fiu msit Fiwf;fpwJ.

☺ fhkh fhkh fhkh fhkh ---- ypNdhypdpf; mkpyk;ypNdhypdpf; mkpyk;ypNdhypdpf; mkpyk;ypNdhypdpf; mkpyk;

42424242.... jdpnry; Gujj;jpy; Gujj;jpd; rjtPjk; vt;tsT? ☺ 60 60 60 60 ---- 72 rjtPjk;72 rjtPjk;72 rjtPjk;72 rjtPjk;

43434343.... jhtu nry;ypypUe;J KOj;jhtuj;ij cUthf;Fk; jpwd;.

☺ KOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sikKOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sikKOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sikKOj;jpwd; ngw;Ws;sik

44444444.... ,aw;ifapy; rpijTWk; gpsh];bf;if cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; jhtuk;

☺ vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk;vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk;vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk;vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk;

45454545.... ikf;Nfh Gujk; ,jpy; mjpf mstpy; cs;sJ? ☺ <];l;<];l;<];l;<];l;

46464646.... ehk; tpUk;gpa [Pid vLj;Jr; nrd;W Xk;GapupAld; ,izf;Fk; DNA vJ?

☺ ntf;lhu; b.vd;.Vntf;lhu; b.vd;.Vntf;lhu; b.vd;.Vntf;lhu; b.vd;.V

47474747.... kdpj clypy; nfhOg;G Njq;Ftij jilnra;tJ. ☺ SCP

48484848.... mf;Nuh ghf;Bupaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Ti-gpsh];kpl; vjid cz;lhf;FfpwJ?

☺ Gw;WNeha;Gw;WNeha;Gw;WNeha;Gw;WNeha;

49494949.... Gjpa [Pd; njhFg;Gfis cUthf;Ftjw;F Fwpg;gp;l;l tifapy; DNA it

ifahSk; Kiw ☺ kuG nghwpapay;kuG nghwpapay;kuG nghwpapay;kuG nghwpapay;

50505050.... vypf;fhJ my;yp ,jo; jhtuk; rpijf;f cUthf;FtJ. ☺ PHB

51515151.... rpW ,dj;jhtuq;fis gbg;gbahf ,aw;if #o;epiyf;F nfhz;L tUtJ

☺ tYg;ngWjy;tYg;ngWjy;tYg;ngWjy;tYg;ngWjy;

41

52525252.... fhy];jpR jz;L kw;Wk; Ntu; my;yJ fUepfu; jpRthf tsu;r;rpailtJ

☺ kWNtWghL miljy;kWNtWghL miljy;kWNtWghL miljy;kWNtWghL miljy;

53535353.... tsu;g;G Clfj;jpd; PH? ☺ 5.85.85.85.8

54545454.... Ez;Zapu; ePf;fk; nra;jypy; Ml;NlhfpNstpd; ntg;gepiy __________ ,Uf;FkhW

itf;fNtz;Lk;. ☺ 121121121121ºC apy; 15 epkplq;fs;apy; 15 epkplq;fs;apy; 15 epkplq;fs;apy; 15 epkplq;fs;

55555555.... Gifapiyj; jhtuj;ijj; jhf;Fk; G+r;rp ☺ khz;lf;lh nrf;];lhkhz;lf;lh nrf;];lhkhz;lf;lh nrf;];lhkhz;lf;lh nrf;];lh

56565656.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ve;j ghf;Bupah jdpnry; Guj capupahFk;? ☺ my;fyp [Pd;];my;fyp [Pd;];my;fyp [Pd;];my;fyp [Pd;];

57575757.... may; [Pd;fis ngw;w ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuk; ☺ gPl;lh ty;fhup];gPl;lh ty;fhup];gPl;lh ty;fhup];gPl;lh ty;fhup];

58585858.... tsu;g;G Clfj;jpYs;s Ez;Zapu;fis ePf;fg; gad;gLk; Kiw

☺ Ez;Zapu; Ez;Zapu; Ez;Zapu; Ez;Zapu; ePf;fk;ePf;fk;ePf;fk;ePf;fk;

59595959.... v];n]uprpah Nfhiyapy; fhzg;gLk; rpwpa tl;lkhd DNA vt;thW

miof;fg;gLfpwJ? ☺ gpsh];kpl; gpsh];kpl; gpsh];kpl; gpsh];kpl; DNA

60606060.... fhy]; vd;gJ _____________ jpRj;jpushFk;. ☺ NtWghL milahj jpRNtWghL milahj jpRNtWghL milahj jpRNtWghL milahj jpR

ghlk; 5 jhtu nraypaghlk; 5 jhtu nraypaghlk; 5 jhtu nraypaghlk; 5 jhtu nraypay;y;y;y;

A =3x1=3

B =8x1=8

1111.... ~vd;irk;| vd;w nrhy;iy Kjd;Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpatu; ◊ Fd;Fd;Fd;Fd; (1878)(1878)(1878)(1878)

2222.... nehjpapd; G+l;L rhtpf;Nfhl;ghL ,tuhy; $wg;gl;lJ. ◊ gpgpgpgp\\\\;;;;\\\\u;u;u;u;

3333.... buhd;];/gNu];fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ buhd;]; mkpNd];buhd;]; mkpNd];buhd;]; mkpNd];buhd;]; mkpNd];

4444.... xspr;Nru;f;if ,q;F eilngWfpwJ. ◊ gRq;fzpfq;fs;gRq;fzpfq;fs;gRq;fzpfq;fs;gRq;fzpfq;fs;

5555.... Row;rp vyf;l;uhd; fl;j;jypd;NghJ cw;gj;jpahtJ ◊ ATP kl;Lk;kl;Lk;kl;Lk;kl;Lk;

6666.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ 5C Nru;kk;? ◊ iuNgh];iuNgh];iuNgh];iuNgh];

7777.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws vJ C4 jhtuk;? ◊ fUk;GfUk;GfUk;GfUk;G

8888.... gr;iraj;jpd; cw;gj;jpw;F Njitg;gLk; Kf;fpag; nghUs; ◊ nkf;dPrpak; (nkf;dPrpak; (nkf;dPrpak; (nkf;dPrpak; (Mg))))

9999.... #upa Mw;wiy ftu;e;jpOf;Fk; mjpfj;jpwd; nfhz;l epwkp ◊ gr;irak;gr;irak;gr;irak;gr;irak;

10101010.... gpd;tUk; ve;j ghf;Bupak; mNkhdpahit iel;iul;lhf Mf;rp[Ndw;wk; nra;fpwJ?

◊ iel;uNrhNkhdh];iel;uNrhNkhdh];iel;uNrhNkhdh];iel;uNrhNkhdh];

11111111.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ KO xl;Lz;zpj; jhtuk; ? ◊ f];Fl;lhf];Fl;lhf];Fl;lhf];Fl;lh

12121212.... xspr;Nru;f;ifia kpfj;jpwk;glj; J}z;Lk; xsp miy ◊ 400400400400nm ---- 700700700700nm

13131313.... ,Ul; Rthrk; ,jpy; eilngWfpwJ. ◊ ikl;Nlh fikl;Nlh fikl;Nlh fikl;Nlh fhz;l;upaq;fs;hz;l;upaq;fs;hz;l;upaq;fs;hz;l;upaq;fs;

14141414.... xspr;Nru;f;ifapd; NghJ ntspfg;gLk; thA ◊ Mf;]p[d;Mf;]p[d;Mf;]p[d;Mf;]p[d;

15151515.... ,Us; tpid ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ? ◊ fhy;tpd; Row;rpfhy;tpd; Row;rpfhy;tpd; Row;rpfhy;tpd; Row;rp

16161616.... C4 ghij ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ? ◊ N`l;r; N`l;r; N`l;r; N`l;r; ---- ];yhf; ghij];yhf; ghij];yhf; ghij];yhf; ghij

42

17171717.... xspr;Rthrk; ,t;thWk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ? ◊ C2 Row;rpRow;rpRow;rpRow;rp

18181818.... G+r;rpAz;Zk; jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ l;u]Puhl;u]Puhl;u]Puhl;u]Puh

19191919.... gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ Kjd;ik epwkpahFk;? ◊ gr;irak; ~gr;irak; ~gr;irak; ~gr;irak; ~a||||

20202020.... xspr;Nru;fifapd; ,Us;tpidfisf; fz;lwpe;jtu; ◊ nky;tpd; fhy;tpd;nky;tpd; fhy;tpd;nky;tpd; fhy;tpd;nky;tpd; fhy;tpd;

21212121.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; 5 fhu;gd;fisf; nfhz;l Nru;kk; vJ? ◊ RuBP

22222222.... C3 jhtuq;fspy; xsptpidfs; kw;Wk; ,Us;tpidfs; eilngWk; ,lk;

◊ ,iy ,ilj;jpR nry;fs;,iy ,ilj;jpR nry;fs;,iy ,ilj;jpR nry;fs;,iy ,ilj;jpR nry;fs;

23232323.... C3 topj;jlj;jpy; Co2 I Vw;Fk; %yf;$W vJ? ◊ RuBP

24242424.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ C4 jhtuky;y? ◊ NfhJikNfhJikNfhJikNfhJik

25252525.... thz;lh jhtuk; xU __________ MFk;. ◊ njhw;Wj; jhtuk; njhw;Wj; jhtuk; njhw;Wj; jhtuk; njhw;Wj; jhtuk;

26262626.... xsptpidapy; cz;lhFk; xLf;f Mw;wy; ◊ NADPH2

27272727.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ Jiz epwkpay;y? ◊ gr;irak;gr;irak;gr;irak;gr;irak;

28282828.... xspr;Nru;f;if epwkpfs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; ◊ ijyf;fha;Lijyf;fha;Lijyf;fha;Lijyf;fha;L

29292929.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; nghJthd Rthrjsg; nghUs; vJ? ◊ fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfs;fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfs;fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfs;fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfs;

30303030.... ATP apd; kpif Mw;wy; gpizg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if ◊ ,uz;L,uz;L,uz;L,uz;L

31313131.... fhw;W Rthrj;jpd; Kjy; epiy ◊ fpisf;fhypfpisf;fhypfpisf;fhypfpisf;fhyprp];rp];rp];rp];

32323232.... FSf;Nfhir gh];gupfuzkilar; nra;J FSf;Nfh]; 6 gh];Ngl;lhf

khw;wkilar; nra;Ak; nehjp ◊ n`f;NrhifNd];n`f;NrhifNd];n`f;NrhifNd];n`f;NrhifNd];

33333333.... gpuf;Nlh]; 1>6 gp];gh];Ngl;il jyh 3 fhu;gd;nfhz;l ,uz;L %yf;$Wfshf

gpsTwr; nra;Ak; nehjp ◊ My;NlhNy];My;NlhNy];My;NlhNy];My;NlhNy];

34343434.... rp];-mNfhdpbf; mkpyj;Jld; ePu; Nru;f;fg;gl;L INrh-rpl;upf; mkpykhFk; tpidapy;

<LgLtJ ◊ mNfhdpNl];mNfhdpNl];mNfhdpNl];mNfhdpNl];

35353535.... KOikahf Mf;rp[Ndw;w kilAk; FSf;Nfh]pypUe;J fpilg;gJ ◊ 38 ATP

36363636.... igUtpf; mkpyj;jpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w fhu;gd; ePf;f tpidia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; nehjp

◊ igUtpf; bi`bu[Nd];igUtpf; bi`bu[Nd];igUtpf; bi`bu[Nd];igUtpf; bi`bu[Nd];

37373737.... α-fPl;;lh FSlhupf; mkpyk; xU ___________ fhu;gd; Nru;kk; MFk;. ◊ Ie;JIe;JIe;JIe;J

38383838.... FSf;Nfhi]> FSf;Nfh]; 6 gh];Ngl;lhf gh];gufuzk; nra;Ak; nehjp

◊ n`f;NrhifNd];n`f;NrhifNd];n`f;NrhifNd];n`f;NrhifNd];

39393939.... FSf;Nfh]pd; Rthr <T ◊ xd;Wxd;Wxd;Wxd;W

40404040.... xU %yf;$W FADH2 KOikahd Mf;rp[Ndw;wj;jpd; NghJ ntspg;gLk; ATP

%yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if ◊ ,uz;L ,uz;L ,uz;L ,uz;L ATP

41414141.... xU %yf;$W NADH2 KOikahd Mf;rp[Ndw;wj;jpd; NghJ ntspg;gLk; ATP

%yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if ◊ %d;W%d;W%d;W%d;W

42424242.... vyf;l;uhd; flj;J rq;fpypapy; ATP cz;lhtJ _________ vdg;gLk;.

◊ Mf;rp[Ndw;w gh];gupfuzk; Mf;rp[Ndw;w gh];gupfuzk; Mf;rp[Ndw;w gh];gupfuzk; Mf;rp[Ndw;w gh];gupfuzk;

43434343.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; EMP topj;jlk; vdg;gLtJ ◊ fpisf;fhyprp];fpisf;fhyprp];fpisf;fhyprp];fpisf;fhyprp];

44444444.... xU%yf;$W FSf;Nfh]; KOikahd Mf;rp[Ndw;wj;jpd; NghJ ntspg;gLj;Jk;

Mw;wypd; msT ◊ 2900 2900 2900 2900 KJ

43

45454545.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; 5C Nru;kk; ◊ irYNyh]; gh];Ngl;irYNyh]; gh];Ngl;irYNyh]; gh];Ngl;irYNyh]; gh];Ngl;

46464646.... jhtu `hu;Nkhd;fspy; Kjd;Kjyhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ ◊ Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;

47474747.... nraw;if Mf;rpDf;F Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ NAA

48484848.... Kid Mjpf;fk; vd;gJ vjdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ? ◊ Mf;]pd;Mf;]pd;Mf;]pd;Mf;]pd;

49494949.... new;gapupy; gf;fhNd Nehia Vw;gLj;JtJ ◊ [pg;uypf; mkpyk;[pg;uypf; mkpyk;[pg;uypf; mkpyk;[pg;uypf; mkpyk;

50505050.... rpf;kha;L tisT tiuglj;jpy; tiuthd tsu;r;rp epiy vt;thW

Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ? ◊ tpiuT epiytpiuT epiytpiuT epiytpiuT epiy

51515151.... Mf;]pd; ,ij jLf;fpwJ? ◊ cjpu;jy;cjpu;jy;cjpu;jy;cjpu;jy;

52525252.... new;gapupy; Nfhkhspj;jd Nehia cUthf;FtJ ◊ [pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;

53535353.... ,iyj;Jis %Ltijj; J}z;LtJ ◊ mg;rprpf; mkpyk;mg;rprpf; mkpyk;mg;rprpf; mkpyk;mg;rprpf; mkpyk;

54545454.... epyj;jpy; cs;s fisfis ePf;fpl gad;gLtJ ◊ 2>42>42>42>4----D

55555555.... cjpu;jy; vjdhy; jilnra;ag;gLfpwJ? ◊ Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;

56565656.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; thA epiyapy; cs;s `hu;Nkhd; vJ? ◊ vj;jpypd;vj;jpypd;vj;jpypd;vj;jpypd;

57575757.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; cau; jhtuq;fspd; fhzg;gLk; ,aw;if `hu;Nkhd; vJ? IAA

58585858.... xsp kw;Wk; ,Ul;fhy; mstpw;Nfw;g mikAk; jhtuj;jpd; gjpy;nray; vt;thW

miof;fg;gLfpwJ? ◊ xspf;fhyj;Jtk;xspf;fhyj;Jtk;xspf;fhyj;Jtk;xspf;fhyj;Jtk;

59595959.... kyu;jypy; xspf;fhyj;Jt gjpy; tpisT Kjy;Kjypy; fz;lwpag;gl;l jhtuk;

◊ Gifapiyj; jhtuk;Gifapiyj; jhtuk;Gifapiyj; jhtuk;Gifapiyj; jhtuk;

60606060.... FWk;gfy; jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ Gifapiyj; jhtuk;Gifapiyj; jhtuk;Gifapiyj; jhtuk;Gifapiyj; jhtuk;

61616161.... ePs;gfy; jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ NfhJik> Xl;];NfhJik> Xl;];NfhJik> Xl;];NfhJik> Xl;];

62626262.... <];l; nry;fspypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l rhW capUs;s <];l; nry;fisg; NghyNt

jpuhl;ir urj;jpy; nehjpj;jiy Vw;gLj;j KbAk; vd;gij fz;lwpe;jtu;

◊ Gr;du; (1897)Gr;du; (1897)Gr;du; (1897)Gr;du; (1897)

63636363.... ~irNk];| vd;w nry;iyKjd; Kjyhfg; gad;gLj;jpatu; ◊ Gr;du;Gr;du;Gr;du;Gr;du;

64646464.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Cf;fpfs; vdg;gLtJ ◊ Mg2+

kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk; Mn2+

65656565.... Mf;rp[Ndw;w xLf;f nehjpfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ b i`l;u[Nd];b i`l;u[Nd];b i`l;u[Nd];b i`l;u[Nd];

66666666.... i`l;NuhNy];fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ fhu;Nghi`l;Nu];fhu;Nghi`l;Nu];fhu;Nghi`l;Nu];fhu;Nghi`l;Nu];

67676767.... iyNa];fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ `p];bbd; bfhu;ghf;]pNy];`p];bbd; bfhu;ghf;]pNy];`p];bbd; bfhu;ghf;]pNy];`p];bbd; bfhu;ghf;]pNy];

68686868.... INrhnknu];fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ gh]gh]gh]gh];Ngh n`f;N]h INrhnkNu];;Ngh n`f;N]h INrhnkNu];;Ngh n`f;N]h INrhnkNu];;Ngh n`f;N]h INrhnkNu];

69696969.... iyNf];fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ igUtpf; mkpy fhu;ghf;]pNy];igUtpf; mkpy fhu;ghf;]pNy];igUtpf; mkpy fhu;ghf;]pNy];igUtpf; mkpy fhu;ghf;]pNy];

70707070.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; mlf;fpfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ raidL raidL raidL raidL

71717171.... nehjpapd; J}z;lg;gl;l nghUj;jf; Nfhl;ghl;bid nrhy;ypatu; ◊ NfhNfhNfhNfh\\\\;yhz;l;;yhz;l;;yhz;l;;yhz;l;

72727272.... xspr;Nru;f;if epwkpfs; ________ y; mjpf mstpy; cs;sd. ◊ fpuhdhfpuhdhfpuhdhfpuhdh

73737373.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Kjd;ik epwkp vJ? ◊ gr;irak; ~gr;irak; ~gr;irak; ~gr;irak; ~a||||

74747474.... Row;rpgh];gupfuzk; epfo;r;rpapy; vj;jid ATP f;fs; cUthfpd;wd. ◊ ,uz;L,uz;L,uz;L,uz;L

75757575.... ,Us; tpidfs; vdg;gLtJ ________ vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.

◊ fhu;gd; epiy epWj;jg;gly;fhu;gd; epiy epWj;jg;gly;fhu;gd; epiy epWj;jg;gly;fhu;gd; epiy epWj;jg;gly;

44

76767676.... C3jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ ney;> NfhJik> cUisney;> NfhJik> cUisney;> NfhJik> cUisney;> NfhJik> cUis

77777777.... C4 jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ fUk;G> kf;fhr;Nrhsk; > l;upGy];> mkuhe;j];fUk;G> kf;fhr;Nrhsk; > l;upGy];> mkuhe;j];fUk;G> kf;fhr;Nrhsk; > l;upGy];> mkuhe;j];fUk;G> kf;fhr;Nrhsk; > l;upGy];> mkuhe;j];

78787878.... C4 jhtuq;fs; ________ If; nfhz;Ls;sd. ◊ ,U tbtg;gRq;fzpfq;fs;,U tbtg;gRq;fzpfq;fs;,U tbtg;gRq;fzpfq;fs;,U tbtg;gRq;fzpfq;fs;

79797979.... xspr;Nru;f;ifj; jpwd; kpFe;j jhtuk; (C4 jhtuq;fs;)

◊ fUk;G >fUk;G >fUk;G >fUk;G > kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> l;upGy];> mkuhe;j]; kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> l;upGy];> mkuhe;j]; kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> l;upGy];> mkuhe;j]; kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> l;upGy];> mkuhe;j];

80808080.... fhu;ghf;]pNy]; nehjpapd; NtWngau; ◊ &gp];Nfh&gp];Nfh&gp];Nfh&gp];Nfh

81818181.... ,Us; Rthrk; ___________ y; eilngWfpwJ. ◊ ikl;Nlh fhz;l;upahikl;Nlh fhz;l;upahikl;Nlh fhz;l;upahikl;Nlh fhz;l;upah

82828282.... xspr;Nru;f;ifapd; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fhuzp tpjpia ntspapl;ltu;

◊ gpshf;Nkd; (1905)gpshf;Nkd; (1905)gpshf;Nkd; (1905)gpshf;Nkd; (1905)

83838383.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtu Ntupy; cs;s ntykd; jpR fhw;wpYss;s <uj;ijAk;>

kioePiuAk; cwpQ;Rfpd;wJ? ◊ thz;lhthz;lhthz;lhthz;lh

84848484.... jw;rhu;G Cl;lKiw jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ thz;lhthz;lhthz;lhthz;lh

85858585.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; gr;irak; mw;W> ikf;Nfhiurh Ntu;fisAk; nfhz;l

MQ;rpNah];ngu;k; jhtuk; vJ? ◊ khNdkhNdkhNdkhNdhl;Nuhghhl;Nuhghhl;Nuhghhl;Nuhgh

86868686.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; KO xl;Lz;zpj; jhtuk; ◊ f];Fl;lhf];Fl;lhf];Fl;lhf];Fl;lh

87878787.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; gFjp xl;Lz;zpj; jhtuk; ◊ tp];fk;tp];fk;tp];fk;tp];fk;

88888888.... ,J #upa gdpj;Jspj; jhtuk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk;. ◊ l;u]Puhl;u]Puhl;u]Puhl;u]Puh

89898989.... ,J Ntjpr;Nru;f;if jw;rhu;G Cl;l capupfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L MFk;.

◊ iel;iel;iel;iel;uNrhNkhdh];> ngf;fpal;NlhthuNrhNkhdh];> ngf;fpal;NlhthuNrhNkhdh];> ngf;fpal;NlhthuNrhNkhdh];> ngf;fpal;Nlhth

90909090.... ,J Ntjpr;Nru;f;if gpw Cl;l capupfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L MFk;.

◊ G+Q;irfs; > ghf;Bupaq;fs;G+Q;irfs; > ghf;Bupaq;fs;G+Q;irfs; > ghf;Bupaq;fs;G+Q;irfs; > ghf;Bupaq;fs;

91919191.... nry;ypd; Mw;wy; ehzak; vd miof;fg;gLtJ ◊ ATP

92929292.... fpisf;fhyprp]; _____________ vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;. ◊ EMP topj;jlk;topj;jlk;topj;jlk;topj;jlk;

93939393.... fpisf;fhyprp]; ,jpy; eilngWfpwJ ◊ irl;Nlhgpshrk; irl;Nlhgpshrk; irl;Nlhgpshrk; irl;Nlhgpshrk;

94949494.... fpisf;fhyprp]; epfpo;r;rpapy; cUthFk; nra;y; _________ vdg;gLk;

◊ Neub gh];gupfuzk; (m) jsg;nghUs; gh];gupfuzk;Neub gh];gupfuzk; (m) jsg;nghUs; gh];gupfuzk;Neub gh];gupfuzk; (m) jsg;nghUs; gh];gupfuzk;Neub gh];gupfuzk; (m) jsg;nghUs; gh];gupfuzk;

95959595.... fpisf;fhyprp]; epfo;;r;rpapy; epfu yhgk; ___________ MFk;.

◊ 2ATP kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk; 2NADH2

96969696.... ,jpy; vyf;l;uhd; flj;JnghUl;fs; cs;sd. ◊ ikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upah

97979797.... nry;ypd; Mw;wy; epiyak; vd miof;fg;gLtJ ◊ ikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upah

98989898.... Rthrpj;jypd; NghJ fhu;gd; - il - Mf;i]L ntsptplg;gLtij ep&gpf;Fk;

fUtp ◊ Nfdhq; RthrkhdpNfdhq; RthrkhdpNfdhq; RthrkhdpNfdhq; Rthrkhdp

99999999.... ngd;Nlh]; gh];Ngl; topj;jlj;ij fz;lwpe;jtu; ◊ bf;fd;]; (1938)bf;fd;]; (1938)bf;fd;]; (1938)bf;fd;]; (1938)

100100100100.... ,jpy; fhw;wpyh Rthrk; eilngWfpwJ. ◊ <];l; kw;Wk; ghf;Bupah<];l; kw;Wk; ghf;Bupah<];l; kw;Wk; ghf;Bupah<];l; kw;Wk; ghf;Bupah

101101101101.... fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;bd; Rthr <T ◊ 1111

102102102102.... khypf; mkpyj;jpd; Rthr <T ◊ 1.331.331.331.33

103103103103.... ghkpbf; mkpyj;jpd; Rthr <T ◊ 0.360.360.360.36

111100004444.... fhw;wpyh #oypy; FSf;Nfh]pd; Rthr <T ◊ α ((((KKKKbbbbttttwwww;;;;wwwwJJJJ))))

45

105105105105.... ,J tsu;r;rp xOq;F gLj;jpfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

◊ ehg;jyPd; mrpbf; mkpyk; (ehg;jyPd; mrpbf; mkpyk; (ehg;jyPd; mrpbf; mkpyk; (ehg;jyPd; mrpbf; mkpyk; (NAA))))

106106106106.... jhtu `hu;Nkhd;fspy; Kjd; Kjyhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ ◊ Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;

107107107107.... ,itfs; ,aw;if Mf;rpd;fs; vdg;gLk;. ◊ IAA & PAA

108108108108.... ,J jhtutsu;r;rp xOq;F gLj;jpf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L MFk;.

◊ 2>4 2>4 2>4 2>4 ----il FNshNuh/gpdhf;rp mrpbf; mkpyk; (2>4 il FNshNuh/gpdhf;rp mrpbf; mkpyk; (2>4 il FNshNuh/gpdhf;rp mrpbf; mkpyk; (2>4 il FNshNuh/gpdhf;rp mrpbf; mkpyk; (2>4 ----DDDD))))

109109109109.... jhtuj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; epiy tsu;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhd Nfk;gpaj;jpy; nry; gFg;igj;

Jtf;fp Cf;Ftpg;gJ ◊ Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;

110110110110.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; jpRtsu;g;gpYk;> fhy];jpRitj;Njhw;Wtpg;gjpYk; gad;gLtJ

◊ Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;

111111111111.... tpijapyhf;fdpfs; ___________ njspg;gpd; %yk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

◊ Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;Mf;rpd;

112112112112.... [pg;uypd; `hu;Nkhid Kjd;Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jtu; ◊ FU Nrhth ([g;ghd;)FU Nrhth ([g;ghd;)FU Nrhth ([g;ghd;)FU Nrhth ([g;ghd;)

113113113113.... ney;ypy; fZtpil ePl;rpahdJ _____________ vd;Dk; G+Q;ir cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;;

xU nghUshy; Vw;gLfpwJ. ◊ [pg;uy;yh/gpA[pFuha;[pg;uy;yh/gpA[pFuha;[pg;uy;yh/gpA[pFuha;[pg;uy;yh/gpA[pFuha;

114114114114.... jz;L ePl;rpia J}z;LtJ ◊ [pg;uypf; mkpyk;[pg;uypf; mkpyk;[pg;uypf; mkpyk;[pg;uypf; mkpyk;

115115115115.... fUTWjy; epfobkNyNa _________ Ig; gad;gLj;jp tpijapyhf fdpfis

ngwyhk;. ◊ [pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;

116116116116.... ,J cUisf; fpoq;F jhtuj;jpy; tsu;tlf;fj;ij ePf;FfpwJ. ◊ [pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;[pg;uypd;

117117117117.... ,J nry; gpupjiy J}z;LfpwJ. ◊ irl;Nlhifdpd;irl;Nlhifdpd;irl;Nlhifdpd;irl;Nlhifdpd;

118118118118.... n`u;upq; kPdpypue;J irl;Nlh ifdpid gpupj;njLj;jtu;fs;

◊ kpy;yu; kw;Wk; ];$[; (1954)kpy;yu; kw;Wk; ];$[; (1954)kpy;yu; kw;Wk; ];$[; (1954)kpy;yu; kw;Wk; ];$[; (1954)

119119119119.... ,J kf;fhr; Nrhsj;jpYk;> ,sePupYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ◊ rpahl;bd;rpahl;bd;rpahl;bd;rpahl;bd;

120120120120.... ,J jz;L kw;Wk; Ntu; Mfpatw;wpd; ePs; thl;ltsu;r;rpia jilnra;fpwJ.

◊ vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;

121121121121.... ,J Ntu;fs; jiu Nehf;fp tsu;tij Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. ◊ vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;

122122122122.... jhtu ghfq;fs; cjpu;tij J}z;LtJ. ◊ mg;rprpf; mkpyk; (mg;rprpf; mkpyk; (mg;rprpf; mkpyk; (mg;rprpf; mkpyk; (ABA))))

123123123123.... ,J tsu;r;rp mlf;fpfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L MFk;. ◊ vj;jpyPd; kw;Wk; vj;jpyPd; kw;Wk; vj;jpyPd; kw;Wk; vj;jpyPd; kw;Wk; ABA

124124124124.... fPo;f;fz;l vj;jhtuj;jpy; kyu;jypy; xspf;fhyj;Jt gjpy;tpisT Kjd;Kjyhf

fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. ◊ NkupNyz;l; kh%j;NkupNyz;l; kh%j;NkupNyz;l; kh%j;NkupNyz;l; kh%j;

125125125125.... vy;yhj; jhtuq;fSf;Fk;> G+j;jYf;F xNu khjpupahd xsp kw;Wk; ,Ul;fhy

msTfs; Njitg;gLtjpy;iy vd;W fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fs; ◊ fhu;du;fhu;du;fhu;du;fhu;du; kw;Wk; Myhu;Lkw;Wk; Myhu;Lkw;Wk; Myhu;Lkw;Wk; Myhu;L

126126126126.... ,J ehs; eLepiyj; jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ◊ #upafhe;jp > kf;fhr;Nrhsk;#upafhe;jp > kf;fhr;Nrhsk;#upafhe;jp > kf;fhr;Nrhsk;#upafhe;jp > kf;fhr;Nrhsk;

127127127127.... ntu;diyNr\d; vDk; Fspu;gjd thu;j;ijia mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu;

◊ T.D iynrd;Nfh (uiynrd;Nfh (uiynrd;Nfh (uiynrd;Nfh (u\\\\;ah) 1920;ah) 1920;ah) 1920;ah) 1920

128128128128.... C4 jhtu fw;iw ciw nry;ypy; fhu;gd;- il - Mf;i]il Vw;Fk; %yf;$W

◊ gh];Ngh <dhy; igUtpf; mkpyk;gh];Ngh <dhy; igUtpf; mkpyk;gh];Ngh <dhy; igUtpf; mkpyk;gh];Ngh <dhy; igUtpf; mkpyk;

129129129129.... N`l;r; - ];yhf topj;jlj;jpy; fw;iw ciw nry;fspy; EioAk; 4 fhu;gd;

$l;Lg;nghUs; ◊ kkkkhhhhyyyyppppffff;;;; mmmmkkkkppppyyyykkkk;;;;

46

130130130130.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ C3 jhtuk;? ◊ ney;ney;ney;ney;

131131131131.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ kl;Fz;zpj; jhtuk;? ◊ khNdhl;NuhghkhNdhl;NuhghkhNdhl;NuhghkhNdhl;Nuhgh

132132132132.... Mf;rp[Ndw;w gh];gupfuzk; eilngWk; epfo;r;rp vJ?

◊ vyf;l;uhd; flj;J rq;fpy; vyf;l;uhd; flj;J rq;fpy; vyf;l;uhd; flj;J rq;fpy; vyf;l;uhd; flj;J rq;fpy;

133133133133.... Gujk; kw;Wk; Gujky;yhj gFjp nghUl;fis nfhz;l nehjpfs; ◊ KOnehjpKOnehjpKOnehjpKOnehjp

134134134134.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ ePs; gfy; jhtuk;? ◊ NfhJikNfhJikNfhJikNfhJik

135135135135.... ,iyj;Jis %Ltijj; J}z;LtJ ◊ mg;rprpf; mkpyk; mg;rprpf; mkpyk; mg;rprpf; mkpyk; mg;rprpf; mkpyk;

136136136136.... fhw;W Rthrjjpd; Kjy; epiy ◊ fpisf;fhyprp;];fpisf;fhyprp;];fpisf;fhyprp;];fpisf;fhyprp;];

137137137137.... Row;rp vyf;l;uhd; flj;jg;gLk; epfo;r;rpapy; fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; vJ cUthfpwJ?

◊ ATP kl;Lk;kl;Lk;kl;Lk;kl;Lk;

138138138138.... xspr;Rthrj;jpd;NghJ ,uz;L fpisrpd; %yf;$Wfs; ,ize;J rPiud; cUthFk;

epfo;T eilngWk; Ez;ZWg;G ◊ ikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upahikl;Nlhfhz;l;upah

139139139139.... fPo;f;fz;l ve;j epfo;tpy; jsg;nghUs; gh];gupfuzk; eilngWtjpy;iy?

◊ igUtpf; mkpy Mf;rp[Ndw;w fhu;gd; ePf;fk;igUtpf; mkpy Mf;rp[Ndw;w fhu;gd; ePf;fk;igUtpf; mkpy Mf;rp[Ndw;w fhu;gd; ePf;fk;igUtpf; mkpy Mf;rp[Ndw;w fhu;gd; ePf;fk;

140140140140.... ,Utbt gRq;fzpfq;fisf; nfz;Ls;s jhtuk; ◊ kf;fhr;Nrhsk;kf;fhr;Nrhsk;kf;fhr;Nrhsk;kf;fhr;Nrhsk;

141141141141.... jw;NghJs;s Co2 tpd; nrwpT ◊ 360 360 360 360 ppm

142142142142.... H2S IIII Mf;rpfuzk; nra;Ak; ghf;Bupah ◊ ngf;fpal;Nlhthngf;fpal;Nlhthngf;fpal;Nlhthngf;fpal;Nlhth

143143143143.... fdpfs; gOg;gjpy; gq;fhw;Wk; `hu;Nkhd; ◊ vj;jpyPd; vj;jpyPd; vj;jpyPd; vj;jpyPd;

144144144144.... jz;L gjpad;fspy; Ntu;fis cz;lhf;f cjTk; `hu;Nkhd; ◊ vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;vj;jpyPd;

145145145145.... igl;NlhFNuhik fz;Lgpbj;jtu; ◊ gl;yu; 1959gl;yu; 1959gl;yu; 1959gl;yu; 1959

146146146146.... xspr;Rthr Row;rpapy; fpis Mf;rhypf; mkpy fisrpdhf khw;wg;gLk; nry;

Ez;ZWg;G ◊ nguhf;]pN]hk;nguhf;]pN]hk;nguhf;]pN]hk;nguhf;]pN]hk;

147147147147.... kyu;jiy J}z;Lk; xsp <u;g;Gg; nghUs; vd;gJ ◊ igl;NlhFNuhk;igl;NlhFNuhk;igl;NlhFNuhk;igl;NlhFNuhk;

148148148148.... xspr;Nru;f;if C4 topj;jlj;jpd; cfe;j ntg;gepiy ◊30303030º C ypUe;J 45ypUe;J 45ypUe;J 45ypUe;J 45º C tiutiutiutiu

149. xspr;Nru;f;ifapd; ,Us; kWtpidapy; Co2 epiyepWj;Jk; epfo;tpy; mij

Vw;fk; nghUs; RuBP

150150150150.... Rthrpj;jy; NghJ vyf;;l;uhd; flj;J rq;fpypapy; xt;nthU NADH2 %yf;$Wk;

cUthf;FtJ ◊ 3ATP

151151151151.... fpug; Row;rpapd; kw;nwhU ngau; ◊ TCA Row;rpRow;rpRow;rpRow;rp

152152152152.... nghJthf gRq;fzpfq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fpuhdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if

◊ 40 ypUe;J 60 tiu40 ypUe;J 60 tiu40 ypUe;J 60 tiu40 ypUe;J 60 tiu

153153153153.... KO nehjpapd; (Holoenzyme) Gujg;gFjp ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?

◊ mg;Nghvd;i]k;mg;Nghvd;i]k;mg;Nghvd;i]k;mg;Nghvd;i]k;

154154154154.... Mf;]Nyh mrpl;bf; mkpyk; xU ◊ 4 fhu;gd; $l;Lg;nghUs;4 fhu;gd; $l;Lg;nghUs;4 fhu;gd; $l;Lg;nghUs;4 fhu;gd; $l;Lg;nghUs;

155155155155.... xspr;Nru;f;ifapd; xspf;fpupia> FNshNuhgpsh];bd; vg;gFjpapy; eilngWfpwJ? ◊

];l;Nuhkh];l;Nuhkh];l;Nuhkh];l;Nuhkh

156156156156.... irl;Nlhifdpd; vjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ? ◊ nry; gpupTnry; gpupTnry; gpupTnry; gpupT

157157157157.... Ntu;fs; jiuNehf;fp tsu;tij Cf;Ftpf;Fk; `hu;Nkhd; ◊ vj;jpyPdvj;jpyPdvj;jpyPdvj;jpyPd;

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158158158158.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; ve;j epfo;tpd; NghJ ePu; xspg;gpsj;jy; eilngWfpwJ?

◊ Row;rpapy;yh xsp gh];gupfuzkRow;rpapy;yh xsp gh];gupfuzkRow;rpapy;yh xsp gh];gupfuzkRow;rpapy;yh xsp gh];gupfuzk;

159159159159.... My;NlhNy]; nray;gLk; jsg;nghUs; ◊ gpuf;Nlh]; 1>6 gpuf;Nlh]; 1>6 gpuf;Nlh]; 1>6 gpuf;Nlh]; 1>6 ---- gp];gh];Ngl;gp];gh];Ngl;gp];gh];Ngl;gp];gh];Ngl;

160160160160.... kf;fhr;Nrhsj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; irl;Nlhifdpd; ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?

◊ rpahbdrpahbdrpahbdrpahbd;

161161161161.... ePiu %yg;nghUshfg; gad;gLj;jp xspr;Nru;f;if nra;Ak; jhtuq;fs; midj;jpYk;

,J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ◊ gr;irak; gr;irak; gr;irak; gr;irak; a

ghlk; .6 kdpj ey Nkk;ghl;by; capupay;ghlk; .6 kdpj ey Nkk;ghl;by; capupay;ghlk; .6 kdpj ey Nkk;ghl;by; capupay;ghlk; .6 kdpj ey Nkk;ghl;by; capupay;

A =2x1=2

B =3x1=3

1111.... ney;ypy; ntg;G Nehia cUthf;Fk; NehAapup vJ?

♦ igupf;FNyupah xiuNrigupf;FNyupah xiuNrigupf;FNyupah xiuNrigupf;FNyupah xiuNr

2222.... igupf;FNyupah xiuNrtpd; ,uz;lhk; epiy Xk;Gapu; jhtuk;

♦ b[pl;Nlupah b[pl;Nlupah b[pl;Nlupah b[pl;Nlupah khu;[pNdl;lhkhu;[pNdl;lhkhu;[pNdl;lhkhu;[pNdl;lh

3333.... epyf;fliyapy; bf;fh Nehia cUthf;Fk; NehAapup vJ?

♦ nru;Nfh]; Nghuh ngu;rNdlhnru;Nfh]; Nghuh ngu;rNdlhnru;Nfh]; Nghuh ngu;rNdlhnru;Nfh]; Nghuh ngu;rNdlh

4444.... mfhypigd; ___________ ypUe;J vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ♦ mfhypgh ,z;bfhmfhypgh ,z;bfhmfhypgh ,z;bfhmfhypgh ,z;bfh

5555.... tpy;tk; jhtuj;jpd; ,U nrhw;ngau; ♦ Vfpy; khu;kpyh];Vfpy; khu;kpyh];Vfpy; khu;kpyh];Vfpy; khu;kpyh];

6666.... jFe;j mZkjpapd;wp xU ehl;bd; capup Mjhu tsq;fis ,ufrpakhf Raeyf;

Fwpf;NfhSld; gy mikg;GfSkl> gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fSk; Ruz;LtJ ♦

capupg; nghUs; nfhs;iscapupg; nghUs; nfhs;iscapupg; nghUs; nfhs;iscapupg; nghUs; nfhs;is

7777.... ghg;gp nrbapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; mjptypik kpf;f typ ePf;fp kUe;Jg; nghUs;

♦ khu;gpd;khu;gpd;khu;gpd;khu;gpd;

8888.... Fiwe;j fNyhup kjpg;Gila Guj ,dpg;Gg; nghUs; ♦ gpNurpd;gpNurpd;gpNurpd;gpNurpd;

9999.... nlf;Nlhdh fpuhd;b]; kw;Wk; Vfpy; khu;kpyh]; Mfpa jhtuq;fs;gpd;tUtdtw;Ws;

KiwNa ve;jf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;jit?

♦ ntu;gpNdrp kw;Wk; &l;Nlrpntu;gpNdrp kw;Wk; &l;Nlrpntu;gpNdrp kw;Wk; &l;Nlrpntu;gpNdrp kw;Wk; &l;Nlrp

10101010.... ,it gRik cuq;fshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gaW tifj; jhtuq;fs;

♦ FNuhl;lNyupah > ypArpdh kw;Wk; Kf;FdhFNuhl;lNyupah > ypArpdh kw;Wk; Kf;FdhFNuhl;lNyupah > ypArpdh kw;Wk; Kf;FdhFNuhl;lNyupah > ypArpdh kw;Wk; Kf;Fdh

11111111.... kz; rPu;jpUj;jj;jpw;F ,it gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd? ♦ ePyg; gr;irg; ghrpfs;ePyg; gr;irg; ghrpfs;ePyg; gr;irg; ghrpfs;ePyg; gr;irg; ghrpfs;

12121212.... v];n]uprpah Nfhiy kw;Wk; tpg;upNah fhyNu ghf;Bupaq;fs; rpWFlypy; ngUfp

ePu;j;j Ngjpia mghafukhd mstpw;F Vw;gLj;Jk; er;Rg;nghUs;

♦ vd;bNuh lhf;]pd;vd;bNuh lhf;]pd;vd;bNuh lhf;]pd;vd;bNuh lhf;]pd;

13131313.... $w;W: (1): $l;Lj; Nju;T Kiwapy; cs;s xU FiwghL ghuk;gupa

NtWghLfis #o;epiyfshy; Vw;gLk; NtWghLfspypUe;J NtWgLj;jp mwptJ

fbd;khFk;.

48

$w;W: (2) J}atopj; Nju;T Kiwapy; xU FiwghL vd;d ntd;why; Gjpa

[Pdhf;fk; nfhz;l Gjpa ufq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLtjpy;iy Nkw;fz;l ,U $w;wpy;

vJ rupahdJ? ♦ ,uz;L $w;WfSk; rupahdit,uz;L $w;WfSk; rupahdit,uz;L $w;WfSk; rupahdit,uz;L $w;WfSk; rupahdit

14141414.... ,U ngw;Nwhu; %yk; cUthFk; Kjy; re;jjpiar; Nru;e;j fyg;gpdq;fs; vg;NghJk;

ngw;Nwhiutpl mjpfj;jpwd; ngw;wpUf;Fk; epfo;r;rp ♦ n`l;bNuhrp];n`l;bNuhrp];n`l;bNuhrp];n`l;bNuhrp];

15151515.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; jpBu; khw;wj;ijj; J}z;Lk; nghUs;fs;

♦ rP]pak; kw;Wk; iel;Nuh kpijy; A+upahrP]pak; kw;Wk; iel;Nuh kpijy; A+upahrP]pak; kw;Wk; iel;Nuh kpijy; A+upahrP]pak; kw;Wk; iel;Nuh kpijy; A+upah

16161616.... G+r;rp kw;Wk; ctu; jd;ikia jhq;ff; $ba muprptif ♦ ml;lh kpl;lh 2ml;lh kpl;lh 2ml;lh kpl;lh 2ml;lh kpl;lh 2

17171717.... capup fl;Lg;ghL nghUshf ngUk;ghYk; gad;gLtJ ♦Ngrpy;y]; JNgrpy;y]; JNgrpy;y]; JNgrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];upQ;rpad;rp];upQ;rpad;rp];upQ;rpad;rp];

18181818.... ney;ypy; Jq;Nuhitu]; vjd; %yk; guTfpwJ? ♦ ntl;Lf;fpspntl;Lf;fpspntl;Lf;fpspntl;Lf;fpsp

19191919.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; ghf;Bupaq;fs; Neha; vjpu;g;Gg; nghUs;fis Rug;gjhy; capupg;

G+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfshf gad;gLfpd;wdit vit vit?

♦ mrl;Nlh ghf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk;mrl;Nlh ghf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk;mrl;Nlh ghf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk;mrl;Nlh ghf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk;

20202020.... fpiurhe;jpkk; jhtuj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; ___________ Neha; capup fl;Lg;ghl;Lg;

nghUshfg; gad;gLfpwJ. ♦ igupj;jpuk;igupj;jpuk;igupj;jpuk;igupj;jpuk;

21212121.... Rf;Nuh]; mjpf mstpYk;> jurk; Fiwe;;j mstpYk; cs;s jf;fhspfis

cUthf;f cjTk; [Pd; ♦ Rf;Nuh]; gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj]; [Pd;Rf;Nuh]; gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj]; [Pd;Rf;Nuh]; gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj]; [Pd;Rf;Nuh]; gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj]; [Pd;

22222222.... [Pd; khw;wj;jpw;F cjTtJ _____________ MFk;.

♦ mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; bA+kpNgrpad;];mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; bA+kpNgrpad;];mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; bA+kpNgrpad;];mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; bA+kpNgrpad;];

23232323.... ru;f;fiuiaf; fhl;bYk;> 100 klq;F mjpf ,zpg;Gs;s Gujk; ♦ gpNurpd;gpNurpd;gpNurpd;gpNurpd;

24242424.... mnkupf;fhtpy; fhg;Gupikf; fhyk; ♦ 17 tUlq;fs;17 tUlq;fs;17 tUlq;fs;17 tUlq;fs;

25252525.... fhg;gpf;F khw;whfg; gad;gLk; jhtuk; ♦ Nfhyh epl;blhNfhyh epl;blhNfhyh epl;blhNfhyh epl;blh

26262626.... Vfpy; khu;kpyh]pypUe;J fpilf;Fk; kUj;Jtg; nghUs;fs;

♦ $khupd; kw;Wk; khu;kpNyhrpd;$khupd; kw;Wk; khu;kpNyhrpd;$khupd; kw;Wk; khu;kpNyhrpd;$khupd; kw;Wk; khu;kpNyhrpd;

27272727.... ,jd; ,iyfis miuj;Jf; fpilf;Fk; gir jPf;fhaj;jpd; kPJ G+rg;gLfpwJ?

♦ mfhypgh ,d;bfh (Fg;ig Nkdp (m) G+id kaf;fp)mfhypgh ,d;bfh (Fg;ig Nkdp (m) G+id kaf;fp)mfhypgh ,d;bfh (Fg;ig Nkdp (m) G+id kaf;fp)mfhypgh ,d;bfh (Fg;ig Nkdp (m) G+id kaf;fp)

28282828.... nrhyhdk; ief;uj;jpd; tl;lhug;ngau; ♦ kzj;jf;fhspkzj;jf;fhspkzj;jf;fhspkzj;jf;fhsp

29292929.... xiurh riltk; rhu;e;Js;s FLk;gk; ♦ NghNarpNghNarpNghNarpNghNarp

30303030.... Ng]pNahy]; Kq;Nfh vd;w cSe;J ufk; ve;j ehl;bypUe;J mwpKfk;

nra;ag;gl;lJ? ♦ rPdhrPdhrPdhrPdh

31313131.... kd kw;Wk; cly; mOj;jj;jpypUe;J tpLgl gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kUe;J [pd;nrq;[pd;nrq;[pd;nrq;[pd;nrq;

32323232.... epyf;fliyapd; bf;fh Nehia cz;lhf;FtJ

♦ G+Q;ir (nru;Nfh];Nghuh ngu;rNdl;lh)G+Q;ir (nru;Nfh];Nghuh ngu;rNdl;lh)G+Q;ir (nru;Nfh];Nghuh ngu;rNdl;lh)G+Q;ir (nru;Nfh];Nghuh ngu;rNdl;lh)

33333333.... rpr]; Fthl;uhq; Fyhup]pd; tzpfg; ngau; ♦ `hl;[u;`hl;[u;`hl;[u;`hl;[u;

34343434.... capupfshy; rPuikf;fg;gLjy; vd;gJ

♦ Ez;Zapupfshy; #o;epiyiag; ghJfhj;jy;Ez;Zapupfshy; #o;epiyiag; ghJfhj;jy;Ez;Zapupfshy; #o;epiyiag; ghJfhj;jy;Ez;Zapupfshy; #o;epiyiag; ghJfhj;jy;

35353535.... gyKiw gpwfyg;G nra;J tpUk;Gk; gz;Gfs; nfhz;l jhtuq;fis ,t;thW

miof;fpd;Nwhk; ♦ upfuz;l; ngw;Nwhu;upfuz;l; ngw;Nwhu;upfuz;l; ngw;Nwhu;upfuz;l; ngw;Nwhu;

36363636.... GNuhl;Nlhgpshr ,iztpd; NghJ ,U NtWgl;l GNuhl;Nlh gpsh];Lfis

,izf;f cjTk; nehjp ♦ ghyp vj;jyPd; fpisf;fhy;ghyp vj;jyPd; fpisf;fhy;ghyp vj;jyPd; fpisf;fhy;ghyp vj;jyPd; fpisf;fhy;

49

37373737.... VAM G+Q;ir vdg;gLtJ ♦ ntrpf;Fyhu; Mu;g];Fyhu; ikNfhiurhntrpf;Fyhu; Mu;g];Fyhu; ikNfhiurhntrpf;Fyhu; Mu;g];Fyhu; ikNfhiurhntrpf;Fyhu; Mu;g];Fyhu; ikNfhiurh

38383838.... G+Q;irf; nfhy;ypahfg; gad;gLtJ ♦ Nghu;lhf;];Nghu;lhf;];Nghu;lhf;];Nghu;lhf;]; fyit fyit fyit fyit

39393939.... jdpj;j N`hNkhi]f]; jhtuq;fs; njhlu;r;rpahd jd; kfue;j Nru;f;if %yk;

Nju;e;njLf;Fk; Kiw ♦ J}a topj; Nju;TJ}a topj; Nju;TJ}a topj; Nju;TJ}a topj; Nju;T

40404040.... mNrhy;yh jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfspy; fhzg;gLk; raNdh ghf;Bupak;

♦ mdgPdh mNrhy;NymdgPdh mNrhy;NymdgPdh mNrhy;NymdgPdh mNrhy;Ny

41414141.... nry;fspd; nry;Rtiu fiuar; nra;Ak; nehjp ♦ nry;YNy];nry;YNy];nry;YNy];nry;YNy];

42424242.... FNuhNkhNrhk;fspy; ,ul;bg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jk; Ntjpg;nghUs; ♦ Nfhy;rpird;Nfhy;rpird;Nfhy;rpird;Nfhy;rpird;

43434343.... ,e;jpa ney; taypy; mjpf mstpy; ntw;wpfukhf gad;glj;jg;gLk; capup cuk;

♦ mNrhy;yh gpd;Ndl;lhmNrhy;yh gpd;Ndl;lhmNrhy;yh gpd;Ndl;lhmNrhy;yh gpd;Ndl;lh

44444444.... vYkpr;irapy; fhd;fu; Nehia cz;lhf;Ftgit ♦ rhe;NjhNkhdh]; rpl;uprhe;NjhNkhdh]; rpl;uprhe;NjhNkhdh]; rpl;uprhe;NjhNkhdh]; rpl;up

45454545.... itu];fSf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLk; Gujk; ♦ ,d;lu;nguhd;fs;,d;lu;nguhd;fs;,d;lu;nguhd;fs;,d;lu;nguhd;fs;

46464646.... ,e;jpahtpy; fhg;Gupikf; fhyk; ♦ 5 Mz;Lfs;5 Mz;Lfs;5 Mz;Lfs;5 Mz;Lfs;

47474747.... Nghghypy; Vw;gl;l mty epfo;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhd tp\ thA

♦ kPijy; INrh raNdl; (kPijy; INrh raNdl; (kPijy; INrh raNdl; (kPijy; INrh raNdl; (MIC))))

48484848.... ehk; gUFk; NjePuUf;F gjpyhf ve;j jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;?

♦ Iyf;]; guhFntd;rp];Iyf;]; guhFntd;rp];Iyf;]; guhFntd;rp];Iyf;]; guhFntd;rp];

49494949.... vz;nza; frpit mopj;J ePf;f cjTk; ghf;Bupak; ♦ #NlhNkhdh]; G+blh#NlhNkhdh]; G+blh#NlhNkhdh]; G+blh#NlhNkhdh]; G+blh

50505050.... NehAapup fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; nghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUs; ♦ igupj;jpuk;igupj;jpuk;igupj;jpuk;igupj;jpuk;

51515151.... kz;iz eLepiyg;gLj;Jk; capupcuk; ♦ raNdh ghf;Bupak;raNdh ghf;Bupak;raNdh ghf;Bupak;raNdh ghf;Bupak;

52525252.... capu; fzpdp nkd;nghUshff; fUjg;gLtJ ♦ [Pd;fs;[Pd;fs;[Pd;fs;[Pd;fs;

53535353.... vYk;G ,iztp vd;Dk; tzpfg;ngau; nfhz;l jhtuk;

♦ rpr]; Fthl;uhq; Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rpr]; Fthl;uhq; Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rpr]; Fthl;uhq; Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rpr]; Fthl;uhq; Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)

54545454.... b[plhyp]; vd;w jhtuj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; kUe;J ♦ b[hf;]pd;b[hf;]pd;b[hf;]pd;b[hf;]pd;

55555555.... fhy;rpird; vijj; J}z;lg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ? ♦ gd;kak;gd;kak;gd;kak;gd;kak;

56565656.... capup fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; nghUshfg; gad;gLk; ghf;Bupak;

♦ Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];

57575757.... kNyupah vjpu;g;G kUe;jhd ~Fidd;| ,j;jhtuj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;wJ?

♦ rpd;Nfhdh mgprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh mgprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh mgprpdhyp];rpd;Nfhdh mgprpdhyp];

58585858.... ~~[pd;nrq;|| vd;w kUe;J ,j;jhtuj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fpd;wJ?

♦ gdhf;]; [pd;nrq;gdhf;]; [pd;nrq;gdhf;]; [pd;nrq;gdhf;]; [pd;nrq;

59595959.... ngdprpypd; fPo;f;fz;l G+Q;irapy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLfpwJ?

♦ ngdprpy;ypak; nehNll;lk;ngdprpy;ypak; nehNll;lk;ngdprpy;ypak; nehNll;lk;ngdprpy;ypak; nehNll;lk;

60606060.... fy;yPuy; rpu;Nuhrp]; Neha;f;F kUe;jhfg; gad;gLk; jhtuk;

♦ nrhyhdk; ief;uk;(kzj;jf;fhsp)nrhyhdk; ief;uk;(kzj;jf;fhsp)nrhyhdk; ief;uk;(kzj;jf;fhsp)nrhyhdk; ief;uk;(kzj;jf;fhsp)

61616161.... nry; G+r;rpfspd; jhf;Fjiy vjpu;j;J ePz;l ehl;fs; epiyj;J ,Ug;gJ

♦ nlf;Nlhdh fpuhz;by; (Njf;F)nlf;Nlhdh fpuhz;by; (Njf;F)nlf;Nlhdh fpuhz;by; (Njf;F)nlf;Nlhdh fpuhz;by; (Njf;F)

62626262.... cyf kf;fs; njhif 1850 y; vt;thW ,Ue;jJ? ♦ 100 Nfhb100 Nfhb100 Nfhb100 Nfhb

63636363.... fp.gp 2000k; Mz;by; cyfkf;fs; njhif ruhrupahf vt;thW ,Ue;jJ?

♦ 6666....1111 ggggppppyyyy;;;;yyyyppppaaaadddd;;;; ((((666611110000 NNNNffffhhhhbbbb))))

50

64646464.... ekJ czT cw;gj;jpia ngUf;fpl Kaw;rpfs; nra;tJ

♦ ,e;jpa tptrha Muha;r;rp fofk; ,e;jpa tptrha Muha;r;rp fofk; ,e;jpa tptrha Muha;r;rp fofk; ,e;jpa tptrha Muha;r;rp fofk; ICAR

65. fPo;f;fz;litfspy; xiurh rilthtpy; (ney;) cs;s Gjpa ufkhFk;.

♦ Co15, ADT 16

66666666.... jhtug; gapu;ngUf;fk; vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ?

♦ jhtuq;fspd; kuGg; gz;Gfis Nkk;gLj;JtJjhtuq;fspd; kuGg; gz;Gfis Nkk;gLj;JtJjhtuq;fspd; kuGg; gz;Gfis Nkk;gLj;JtJjhtuq;fspd; kuGg; gz;Gfis Nkk;gLj;JtJ

67676767.... jhtug; gapu; ngUf;fj;jpd; Kjd;ikahd Nehf;fk;

♦ rhFgbg;gaupy; gad;jUk; NtWghLfis cUthf;FtJrhFgbg;gaupy; gad;jUk; NtWghLfis cUthf;FtJrhFgbg;gaupy; gad;jUk; NtWghLfis cUthf;FtJrhFgbg;gaupy; gad;jUk; NtWghLfis cUthf;FtJ

68686868.... ctu;j;jd;ikiaj; jhq;fp tsUk; jd;ikAila ufk; vJ? ♦ fhl;L ney;fhl;L ney;fhl;L ney;fhl;L ney;

69696969.... fhl;Lg; gapu;fs; mope;J tplhky; ,Ug;gjw;Fk; > capu; gy;tifj;jd;ik

ghJfhf;fg; glTk; mwptpayhu; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ

♦ [Pd; tq;fp (m) n[u;k; g;sh] tq;fp[Pd; tq;fp (m) n[u;k; g;sh] tq;fp[Pd; tq;fp (m) n[u;k; g;sh] tq;fp[Pd; tq;fp (m) n[u;k; g;sh] tq;fp

70707070.... Gw mikg;Gg; gz;Gfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L tpijfs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLk; Kiw

♦ $l;Lj; Nju;T Kiw$l;Lj; Nju;T Kiw$l;Lj; Nju;T Kiw$l;Lj; Nju;T Kiw

71717171.... FNshd; Nju;T Kiw %yk; rpwe;j ufk; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gjw;F

vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♦ fUk;G> cUisf; fpoq;F> Njapiy> thiofUk;G> cUisf; fpoq;F> Njapiy> thiofUk;G> cUisf; fpoq;F> Njapiy> thiofUk;G> cUisf; fpoq;F> Njapiy> thio

72727272.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; jd;gd;ka jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

♦ tpijaw;w jf;fhsp> Mg;gps;> MuQ;R > ju;g;G+rzptpijaw;w jf;fhsp> Mg;gps;> MuQ;R > ju;g;G+rzptpijaw;w jf;fhsp> Mg;gps;> MuQ;R > ju;g;G+rzptpijaw;w jf;fhsp> Mg;gps;> MuQ;R > ju;g;G+rzp

73737373.... fjpupaf;fq;fs; %yk; J}z;lg;gl;l jpBu; khw;wq;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Gjpa ufj;

jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

♦ ml;lhkpl;lh ml;lhkpl;lh ml;lhkpl;lh ml;lhkpl;lh ---- 2 muprp> fbd fdp ciw nfhz;l epyf;fliy2 muprp> fbd fdp ciw nfhz;l epyf;fliy2 muprp> fbd fdp ciw nfhz;l epyf;fliy2 muprp> fbd fdp ciw nfhz;l epyf;fliy

74747474.... Nehaw;w jhtuq;fis _________ %yk; cUthf;fyhk;.

♦ jz;L Edp Mf;Fj;jpR tsu;g;Gjz;L Edp Mf;Fj;jpR tsu;g;Gjz;L Edp Mf;Fj;jpR tsu;g;Gjz;L Edp Mf;Fj;jpR tsu;g;G

75757575.... iel;u[id epiy epWj;Jk; cpaup cuq;fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

♦ mrl;Nlhghf;lu;> ghrpy;y];> iuNrhgpak;mrl;Nlhghf;lu;> ghrpy;y];> iuNrhgpak;mrl;Nlhghf;lu;> ghrpy;y];> iuNrhgpak;mrl;Nlhghf;lu;> ghrpy;y];> iuNrhgpak;

76767676.... jhdpaq;fspd; tpijfis Cwitj;jy; %yk; Nky; G+r;rhf mikj;J capup

cukhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ghf;Bupak; ♦ #NlhNkhd]; ];l;iuNal;lh#NlhNkhd]; ];l;iuNal;lh#NlhNkhd]; ];l;iuNal;lh#NlhNkhd]; ];l;iuNal;lh

77777777.... vf;Nlhl;uhgpf; ikf;Nfhiurhtpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♦ ngrpbNahikrPl;];ngrpbNahikrPl;];ngrpbNahikrPl;];ngrpbNahikrPl;]; G+Q;irG+Q;irG+Q;irG+Q;ir

78787878.... vz;Nlhl;uhgpf; ikf;Nfhiurhtpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♦ Ntk; G+Q;irfs; (Ntk; G+Q;irfs; (Ntk; G+Q;irfs; (Ntk; G+Q;irfs; (VAM))))

79797979.... mkpy my;yJ fhuj; jd;ikAila kz;iz eLepiyg;gLj;Jk; ghf;Bupaq;fs;

♦ raNdh ghf;Bupaq;fs;raNdh ghf;Bupaq;fs;raNdh ghf;Bupaq;fs;raNdh ghf;Bupaq;fs;

80808080.... kz; rPu;jpUj;jk; nra;tjpy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpg;gJ ♦ ePyg;gr;irg; ghrpfs;ePyg;gr;irg; ghrpfs;ePyg;gr;irg; ghrpfs;ePyg;gr;irg; ghrpfs;

81818181.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; capupg; G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfshfg; gad;gLtJ

♦ mrl;NlhNgf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk; mrl;NlhNgf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk; mrl;NlhNgf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk; mrl;NlhNgf;lu; kw;Wk; mN]h];igupy;yk;

82828282.... igupf;FNyupah xiuNr vd;Dk; G+Q;ir _____________ tFg;igr; Nru;e;jjhFk;.

♦ bA+l;NuhikrPl;];bA+l;NuhikrPl;];bA+l;NuhikrPl;];bA+l;NuhikrPl;];

83838383.... ney;ypd; gpsh];l;Nehia mitfspd; tpijfspypUe;J _______ vd;Dk; G+Q;irf;

nfhy;yp fiurypy; 24 kzpNeuk; Cwitg;gjhy; jpwk;gl Kisf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.

♦ fhykhl; fhykhl; fhykhl; fhykhl; B

84848484.... fPo;f;fz;l G+Q;irf;nfhy;ypfspy; ney;ypd; gpsh];l;Nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd

51

♦ mf;urhd;> rurhd; kw;Wk; ];ngu;fhd;mf;urhd;> rurhd; kw;Wk; ];ngu;fhd;mf;urhd;> rurhd; kw;Wk; ];ngu;fhd;mf;urhd;> rurhd; kw;Wk; ];ngu;fhd;

85858585.... gpsh];l; Nehia Vw;gLj;Jk; igupf;fNyupah xiuNr thOk; ,uz;lhk; epiy

Xk;Gapupj; jhtuk; vJ? ♦ b[pl;Nlhupah khu;[pNdl;lhb[pl;Nlhupah khu;[pNdl;lhb[pl;Nlhupah khu;[pNdl;lhb[pl;Nlhupah khu;[pNdl;lh

86868686.... Nghu;lhf; fyitapd; Ntjp ,iaG

♦ jhkpu ry;Ngl; 9 fpfp Rz;zhk;G 9 fpfp ePu; 250 ypl;lu;jhkpu ry;Ngl; 9 fpfp Rz;zhk;G 9 fpfp ePu; 250 ypl;lu;jhkpu ry;Ngl; 9 fpfp Rz;zhk;G 9 fpfp ePu; 250 ypl;lu;jhkpu ry;Ngl; 9 fpfp Rz;zhk;G 9 fpfp ePu; 250 ypl;lu;

87878787.... ney;ypd; ntg;G Neha; (m)gpsh];;l;Nehia fl;Lg;gLj;j gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLtJ

♦ Mu;fNdh nku;Fup Nru;kq;fs;Mu;fNdh nku;Fup Nru;kq;fs;Mu;fNdh nku;Fup Nru;kq;fs;Mu;fNdh nku;Fup Nru;kq;fs;

88888888.... epyf;fliyapy; bf;fhNehia Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; Nru;Nfh]; NghuhngurNdl;lh ve;j

tFg;igr; rhu;e;jJ? ♦ bA+l;NuhikrPl;];bA+l;NuhikrPl;];bA+l;NuhikrPl;];bA+l;NuhikrPl;];

89898989.... epyf;fliyapd; bf;fhNehapid Fiwf;f cjTk; cuq;fs;

♦ gh];bgl;bf; kw;Wk; gh];bgl;bf; kw;Wk; gh];bgl;bf; kw;Wk; gh];bgl;bf; kw;Wk; nghl;lhrpak; > fe;jfk;nghl;lhrpak; > fe;jfk;nghl;lhrpak; > fe;jfk;nghl;lhrpak; > fe;jfk;

90909090.... epyf;fliyapd; ,Unrhw;ngau; (m) jhtutpay; ngau;

♦ muhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pahmuhf;fp]; i`Ngh[pah

91919191.... rhe;NhNkhdh]; rpl;up ghf;Bupak; ve;j tFg;igr; rhu;e;jJ? ♦ irNirNirNirN\\\\hikrPl;];hikrPl;];hikrPl;];hikrPl;];

92929292.... vYkpr;irapd; fhd;fu; Nehia Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; ghf;Bupak;

♦ rhe;NjhNkhgh]; rpl;uprhe;NjhNkhgh]; rpl;uprhe;NjhNkhgh]; rpl;uprhe;NjhNkhgh]; rpl;up

93939393.... vYkpr;irapd; fhd;fhu; Nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; capu; vjpu;g;nghUs; vJ?

♦ ];l;Nug;Nlhirf;rpspd;];l;Nug;Nlhirf;rpspd;];l;Nug;Nlhirf;rpspd;];l;Nug;Nlhirf;rpspd;

94949494.... ney;ypy; Jq;Nuh Nehia Vw;gLj;Jk; NehAapup vJ? ♦ Jq;Nuh itu];Jq;Nuh itu];Jq;Nuh itu];Jq;Nuh itu];

95959595.... ney;ypy; Jq;Nuh Nehia Vw;gLj;Jk; Jq;Nuhitu]; vjd;%yk; guTfpwJ?

♦ ,iyg;G+r;rp,iyg;G+r;rp,iyg;G+r;rp,iyg;G+r;rp

96969696.... ney;ypy; gr;ira Nrhif Vw;gLj;Jk; itu]; vJ? ♦ Jq;Nuh itu];Jq;Nuh itu];Jq;Nuh itu];Jq;Nuh itu];

97979797.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; capup G+r;rpfshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLgit vit vit?

♦ itu];fs;> ghf;Bupaq;fs;> G+Q;irfs;itu];fs;> ghf;Bupaq;fs;> G+Q;irfs;itu];fs;> ghf;Bupaq;fs;> G+Q;irfs;itu];fs;> ghf;Bupaq;fs;> G+Q;irfs;> GNuhl;Nlh Nrhthf;fs;> rpWrpW > GNuhl;Nlh Nrhthf;fs;> rpWrpW > GNuhl;Nlh Nrhthf;fs;> rpWrpW > GNuhl;Nlh Nrhthf;fs;> rpWrpW

G+r;rptiffs;G+r;rptiffs;G+r;rptiffs;G+r;rptiffs;

98989898.... ney;ypy; Jq;Nuh nehia gug;Gk; jpwd; ngw;Ws;s capup vJ? ♦ ntl;Lf;fpspntl;Lf;fpspntl;Lf;fpspntl;Lf;fpsp

99999999.... ,e;jpahtpy; 1980y; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l capup G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp kUe;J vJ?

♦ kPijy; INrhraNdl; (kPijy; INrhraNdl; (kPijy; INrhraNdl; (kPijy; INrhraNdl; (MIC))))

100100100100.... kPijy; INrh raNdl;bypUe;J jahupf;fg;gLk; tPupaKs;s G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;J

vJ? ♦ nrupd; (fhu;giuy;)nrupd; (fhu;giuy;)nrupd; (fhu;giuy;)nrupd; (fhu;giuy;)

101101101101.... Nghghy; mty epfo;r;rp ele;j tUlk; kw;Wk; Njjp vJ?

♦ 1984 brk;gu; 2kw;Wk; 3k; Njjpfs;brk;gu; 2kw;Wk; 3k; Njjpfs;brk;gu; 2kw;Wk; 3k; Njjpfs;brk;gu; 2kw;Wk; 3k; Njjpfs;

102102102102.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; gbftbfj;jpy; cUthFk;> kw;Wk; nygplhg;buh G+r;rpfis

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; ghf;Bupak; vJ? ♦ Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];

103103103103.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; rhWz;zp ghf;Bupak; __________ MFk;.

♦ Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp];

104104104104.... Ngrpy;y]; JupQ;rpad;rp]; cw;gj;jpnra;Ak; er;rg;nghUs;fs; ahit?

♦ vf;Nrhlhf;rpd;fs; kw;Wk; vz;Nlhlhf;rpd;fs;vf;Nrhlhf;rpd;fs; kw;Wk; vz;Nlhlhf;rpd;fs;vf;Nrhlhf;rpd;fs; kw;Wk; vz;Nlhlhf;rpd;fs;vf;Nrhlhf;rpd;fs; kw;Wk; vz;Nlhlhf;rpd;fs;

52

105105105105.... kuGg; nghwpapay; njhopy; El;gq;fis ifahz;l Rtpl;ru;yhe;J kw;Wk; n[u;kdp

mwpQu;fs; ♦ Rtpl;ru;yhe;JRtpl;ru;yhe;JRtpl;ru;yhe;JRtpl;ru;yhe;J nghl;upf]; kw;Wkk; n[u;kdp gPl;lu;nghl;upf]; kw;Wkk; n[u;kdp gPl;lu;nghl;upf]; kw;Wkk; n[u;kdp gPl;lu;nghl;upf]; kw;Wkk; n[u;kdp gPl;lu; Ngau;Ngau;Ngau;Ngau;

106106106106.... Nghl;upf]; kw;Wk; gPl;lu;Ngau; MfpNahu; ve;j jhtuj;jpy; fNuhbid cw;gj;jp

nra;tjw;F fhuzkhf cs;s [Pid xiurh rilth jhtuj;jpw;F khw;wpdhu;fs;?

♦ lh/gby;lh/gby;lh/gby;lh/gby;

107107107107.... itl;lkpd; A cUthtjw;fhd nghUs; vJ? ♦ fNuhbd;fNuhbd;fNuhbd;fNuhbd;

108108108108.... Nghl;upf]; kw;Wk; gPl;lu; Ngau; MfpNahu; lh/gb];jhtuj;jpypUe;J fNuhl;bd;

[Pidg; gpupj;njLj;J mjid vjpy; nrYj;jp itl;lkpd; A rj;J nfhz;ljhf

cw;gj;jp nra;jdu;? ♦ mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; ^kpNagrpad;];mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; ^kpNagrpad;];mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; ^kpNagrpad;];mf;Nuh ghf;Bupak; ^kpNagrpad;];

109109109109.... jf;fhspapy; Rf;Nuh]; mjpf mstpYk; jurk; Fiwe;j mstpYk; cs;sthWk;

cUthf;fpl cjTk; [Pd; vJ? ♦ Rf;Nuh];Rf;Nuh];Rf;Nuh];Rf;Nuh]; gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj];gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj];gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj];gh];Ngl; rpe;Nj];

110. cUisf; fpoq;fpy; jurj;jpd; msit 20 Kjy; 40 rjtPj mstpw;F mjpfupf;fr;

nra;Ak; [Pd; vJ?

♦ ADO FSf;Nfh]; igNuh gh];ghupNy]; [Pd; FSf;Nfh]; igNuh gh];ghupNy]; [Pd; FSf;Nfh]; igNuh gh];ghupNy]; [Pd; FSf;Nfh]; igNuh gh];ghupNy]; [Pd; (ADP GP Pase)

111111111111.... rpWFlypy; tpg;upNah fhyNu ghf;Bupah Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; er;Rg; nghUs; vJ?

♦ vd;bNuhlhf;rpd;vd;bNuhlhf;rpd;vd;bNuhlhf;rpd;vd;bNuhlhf;rpd;

112112112112.... gUg;Gj; jhtuq;fspy; may; [Pidg; GFj;jp ___________ vDk; mkpNdh mkpyk;

nfhz;l gUg;Gfis cw;gj;jp nra;AkhW cUthf;fpAs;sdu;. ♦ iyrpd;iyrpd;iyrpd;iyrpd;

113113113113.... ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; vjpupfspilNa gPjpiaAk; Fog;gj;ijAk;

capup topg;Nghu; (BIOWAR) %yk; Vw;gLj;jpatu;fs; ♦ rpjpad; tpy;yhspfs;rpjpad; tpy;yhspfs;rpjpad; tpy;yhspfs;rpjpad; tpy;yhspfs;

114114114114.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; cz;zj;jf;f jL;g;G+rpg;nghUs; nfhz;l may; [Pidg;ngw;w

jhtuk; vJ? ♦ cUisf;fpoq;FcUisf;fpoq;FcUisf;fpoq;FcUisf;fpoq;F

115115115115.... capup topf;Nghupypy; kuGtop khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l capupfSf;F cjhuzq;fs;

♦ Me;juhf;];> gpNsf; > ngupak;ik kw;Wk; VNghyMe;juhf;];> gpNsf; > ngupak;ik kw;Wk; VNghyMe;juhf;];> gpNsf; > ngupak;ik kw;Wk; VNghyMe;juhf;];> gpNsf; > ngupak;ik kw;Wk; VNghyh itu];fs;h itu];fs;h itu];fs;h itu];fs;

116116116116.... fPo;f;fz;l kUj;Jtg;gaDs;s jhtuq;fspy; Gw;WNehiaf; Fzg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;fs;

cs;s jhtuk; vJ? ♦ Nfjuhd;j]; Nuhrpa]; (tpd;fh Nuhrpah)Nfjuhd;j]; Nuhrpa]; (tpd;fh Nuhrpah)Nfjuhd;j]; Nuhrpa]; (tpd;fh Nuhrpah)Nfjuhd;j]; Nuhrpa]; (tpd;fh Nuhrpah)

117117117117.... ru;f;fiuiaf; fhl;bYk; 100 klq;F ,dpg;G nfhz;l Nkw;F Mg;gpupf;fhtpy; tsUk;

jhtuk; vJ? ♦ ngd;lhilg;shd;l;uh ngd;lhilg;shd;l;uh ngd;lhilg;shd;l;uh ngd;lhilg;shd;l;uh gpNurpahdhgpNurpahdhgpNurpahdhgpNurpahdh

118118118118.... ngl;Nuhypa vz;nziar; rpijj;J mfw;Wk; #NlhNkhdh]; ghf;Bupaj;ij

fz;Lgpbj;j mnkupf;f FbAuikg;ngw;w ,e;jpa mwptpayhu; ♦ lhf;lu; rf;ugj;jplhf;lu; rf;ugj;jplhf;lu; rf;ugj;jplhf;lu; rf;ugj;jp

119119119119.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; fhg;Gupikr; nra;ag;gl;l gpuhzp vJ? ♦ Md;Nfh kT];Md;Nfh kT];Md;Nfh kT];Md;Nfh kT];

120120120120.... mjpf msT Gujj;ijAk; nfhOg;G rj;Jk; ngw;Ws;s jhtuk; ♦ jl;il mtiujl;il mtiujl;il mtiujl;il mtiu

121121121121.... kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l nraw;iff; $l;Lg;nghUl;fshd G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp

♦ nrNdhgahl;b];nrNdhgahl;b];nrNdhgahl;b];nrNdhgahl;b];

122122122122.... jpRtsu;g;G Kiwapd; %yk; nrghyp]pypUe;J ngwg;gLk; %ypif kUe;J

♦ <kbd;<kbd;<kbd;<kbd;

123123123123.... frfrhr; nrbapypUe;J fpilg;gJ ♦ mgpd;mgpd;mgpd;mgpd;

124124124124.... fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; ehu;r;rj;J mspf;Fk; jhtuk; vJ? ♦ ,rg; fhy;,rg; fhy;,rg; fhy;,rg; fhy;

125125125125.... khu;/gpd; vd;Dk; typ ePf;fp kUe;J ngwg;gLk; jhtuk; ♦ ghg;ghtu; rhk;dp/nguk;ghg;ghtu; rhk;dp/nguk;ghg;ghtu; rhk;dp/nguk;ghg;ghtu; rhk;dp/nguk;

53

126126126126.... v/gpl;uh irdpfh vd;w jhtuj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; ,Ukiy jPu;f;f cjTk; kUe;J

vJ? ♦ v/gpl;upd;v/gpl;upd;v/gpl;upd;v/gpl;upd;

127127127127.... mfhypgh ,z;bfhtpd; tzpfg; ngau; ♦ ,e;jpa mfhypgh,e;jpa mfhypgh,e;jpa mfhypgh,e;jpa mfhypgh

128128128128.... jPf;fhak;> Nrw;Wg;Gz;> Njky; Mfpatw;iwf; Fzg;gLj;j cjTk; kUj;Jt jhtuk;

♦ Fg;igNkdp (m) mfhypgh ,d;bfhFg;igNkdp (m) mfhypgh ,d;bfhFg;igNkdp (m) mfhypgh ,d;bfhFg;igNkdp (m) mfhypgh ,d;bfh

129129129129.... Vfpy; khu;kpyh]; vf;FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ? ♦ &l;Nlrp&l;Nlrp&l;Nlrp&l;Nlrp

130130130130.... tpy;tk; jhtuj;jpd; tzpfg;ngau; vJ? ♦ Ngau; fdpNgau; fdpNgau; fdpNgau; fdp

131131131131.... tpy;tk; jhtu kyu; kQ;rup vt;tifg;gl;lJ? ♦ Nfhz ghdpf;fps; kQ;rupNfhz ghdpf;fps; kQ;rupNfhz ghdpf;fps; kQ;rupNfhz ghdpf;fps; kQ;rup

132132132132.... tapw;Wr; Nghf;F> kw;wk; rPjNgjpiaf; Fzg;gLj;Jk; kUj;Jtj; jhtuk; vJ?

♦ Vfpy; khu;kpyh]; (tpy;tk;) (fha;)Vfpy; khu;kpyh]; (tpy;tk;) (fha;)Vfpy; khu;kpyh]; (tpy;tk;) (fha;)Vfpy; khu;kpyh]; (tpy;tk;) (fha;)

133133133133.... gpuz;ilapd; ,Unrhw;ngau; ahJ? ♦ rpr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup];rpr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup];rpr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup];rpr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup];

134134134134.... rpr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; vf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;jJ? ♦ itNlrpitNlrpitNlrpitNlrp

135135135135.... gpuz;ilapd; tl;lhu jkpo;g;ngau; ♦ `hl;[u; `hl;[u; `hl;[u; `hl;[u; ---- vYk;G ,iztpvYk;G ,iztpvYk;G ,iztpvYk;G ,iztp

136136136136.... gpd;tUk; vj;jhtuj;jpy; gpurPd; kw;Wk; nll;uh irfpypf; l;iunlu;gpdha;Lfs;

vdg;gLk; ];Buha;Lfs; Kf;fpa Ntjpg; nghUl;fshf cs;sJ?

♦ rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)

137137137137.... gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; M];j;Jkh> tapW njhlu;ghd eyf;FiwTfSf;F %yk;

Neha;f;Fk; gad;gLk; kUj;Jtj; jhtuk; ♦ rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)rPr]; Fthl;uhq;Fyhup]; (gpuz;il)

138138138138.... njhl;lhy; RUq;fpapd; ,Unrhw;ngau; vd;d? ♦ ikNkhrh G+bfhikNkhrh G+bfhikNkhrh G+bfhikNkhrh G+bfh

139139139139.... fhrNeha;< tapw;Wg;Nghf;F %yNeha;> ff;Fthd; kw;Wk; ,Uky; Mfpatw;iwf;

Fzg;gLj;Jk; kUj;Jtj; jhtuk; vJ? ♦ ikNkhrh G+bfh (ikNkhrh G+bfh (ikNkhrh G+bfh (ikNkhrh G+bfh (njhl;lhy; RUq;fp)njhl;lhy; RUq;fp)njhl;lhy; RUq;fp)njhl;lhy; RUq;fp)

140140140140.... ikNkhrh G+bfh vd;w jhtuj;jpypUe;J gpupj;njLf;fg;gLk; My;fyha;L ahJ?

♦ ikNkhrpd;ikNkhrpd;ikNkhrpd;ikNkhrpd;

141141141141.... kzj;jf;fhspapd; ,Unrhw;ngau; ahJ? ♦ nrhyhdknrhyhdknrhyhdknrhyhdk; ief;uk;; ief;uk;; ief;uk;; ief;uk;

142142142142.... nrhyhdk; ief;uk; vDk; jhtuj;jpd; tzpfg;ngau; ahJ? ♦ gpshf; iel;Ngpshf; iel;Ngpshf; iel;Ngpshf; iel;N\\\\l;l;l;l;

143143143143.... fha;r;ry;> rPjNgjpia Fzg;gLj;JtNjhL rpWePu;g;Nghf;if Cf;Ftpf;Fk;

kUj;Jtj; jhtuk; ♦ nryhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)nryhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)nryhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)nryhdk; ief;uk; (kzj;jf;fhsp)

144144144144.... nrhyhdpd;fs; kw;Wk; rNghdpd; Nghd;w Nru;kq;fs; vj;jhtuj;jpypUe;Jg;

gpupj;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wd? ♦ nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;nrhyhdk; ief;uk;

145145145145.... fPo;f;fz;litfspy; capu; vjpu;g;nghUs;fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;

♦ ngdprpy;ypd;> ];l;nug;Nlhikrpd;> MupNahikrpd; kw;Wk; FNshNuhikrpd;ngdprpy;ypd;> ];l;nug;Nlhikrpd;> MupNahikrpd; kw;Wk; FNshNuhikrpd;ngdprpy;ypd;> ];l;nug;Nlhikrpd;> MupNahikrpd; kw;Wk; FNshNuhikrpd;ngdprpy;ypd;> ];l;nug;Nlhikrpd;> MupNahikrpd; kw;Wk; FNshNuhikrpd;

146146146146.... epNkhdpah Kjypa fpuhk; ghrpbt; ghf;Bupaq;fSf;F vjpuhf jpwk;gl nray;gLk;

nghUs; vJ? ♦ ngdprpy;ypd;ngdprpy;ypd;ngdprpy;ypd;ngdprpy;ypd;

147147147147.... ];l;nug;Nlhikrpd; vDk; capu; vjpu;g;nghUs; vjpypUe;Jg; ngwg;gLfpwJ?

♦ ];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; fpuprpa];];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; fpuprpa];];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; fpuprpa];];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; fpuprpa];

148148148148.... ];l;nug;Nlhikrpd; vijf;Fzg;gLj;JfpwJ?

♦ rpWePu; Foha; njhlu;ghd Neha;fs;> vYk;GUf;fp Neha;> %isr; rt;T rpWePu; Foha; njhlu;ghd Neha;fs;> vYk;GUf;fp Neha;> %isr; rt;T rpWePu; Foha; njhlu;ghd Neha;fs;> vYk;GUf;fp Neha;> %isr; rt;T rpWePu; Foha; njhlu;ghd Neha;fs;> vYk;GUf;fp Neha;> %isr; rt;T

ghjpg;G> epNkhdpah fha;r;ry;.ghjpg;G> epNkhdpah fha;r;ry;.ghjpg;G> epNkhdpah fha;r;ry;.ghjpg;G> epNkhdpah fha;r;ry;.

149149149149.... MupNahikrPd; vDk; capu;vjpu;g; nghUs; vjpypUe;Jg; ngwg;glfpwJ?

♦ ];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; MupNahNgrpad;];];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; MupNahNgrpad;];];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; MupNahNgrpad;];];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; MupNahNgrpad;];

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150150150150.... MupNahikrPd; vij vij Fzg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ?

M];bNahikypb]; vDk; vYk;G Neha;> ff;Fthd; ,Uky; kw;Wk; fz;Neha;fs;M];bNahikypb]; vDk; vYk;G Neha;> ff;Fthd; ,Uky; kw;Wk; fz;Neha;fs;M];bNahikypb]; vDk; vYk;G Neha;> ff;Fthd; ,Uky; kw;Wk; fz;Neha;fs;M];bNahikypb]; vDk; vYk;G Neha;> ff;Fthd; ,Uky; kw;Wk; fz;Neha;fs;

151151151151.... FNshNuhikrpbd; vjpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpwJ? ♦ ];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; ntdpRNy];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; ntdpRNy];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; ntdpRNy];l;nug;Nlhikrp]; ntdpRNy

152152152152.... ~~ FNshNuhikrpbd;|| vijf; Fzg;gLj;JfpwJ? ♦ Ngrpy;y]; tif Ngrpy;y]; tif Ngrpy;y]; tif Ngrpy;y]; tif

ghf;Bupaq;fis mopf;fpwJ. ilgha;L fha;r;riyf; Fzg;gLj;JfpwJ.ghf;Bupaq;fis mopf;fpwJ. ilgha;L fha;r;riyf; Fzg;gLj;JfpwJ.ghf;Bupaq;fis mopf;fpwJ. ilgha;L fha;r;riyf; Fzg;gLj;JfpwJ.ghf;Bupaq;fis mopf;fpwJ. ilgha;L fha;r;riyf; Fzg;gLj;JfpwJ.

153153153153.... ilgha;L fha;r;ry; kw;Wk; rPjNgjp Mfpatw;iw Fzg;gLj;Jk; g+Q;ir vJ?

♦ M];gu;[py;y]; /g;A+kpNfl];M];gu;[py;y]; /g;A+kpNfl];M];gu;[py;y]; /g;A+kpNfl];M];gu;[py;y]; /g;A+kpNfl];

154154154154.... gpd;tUtdtw;ws; 60 tif capu; vjpu;g;nghUs;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ vJ?

♦ Ngrpy;y]; rg;byp];Ngrpy;y]; rg;byp];Ngrpy;y]; rg;byp];Ngrpy;y]; rg;byp];

155155155155.... ~rpgpyp]; | Nehiaf; Fzg;gLj;Jk; ~ ghrpl;Nurpd;| vDk; capu; vjpu;g;nghUs;

vjpypUe;Jg; ngwg;gLfpwJ? ♦ Ngrpy;y]; iyfdpghu;kp];Ngrpy;y]; iyfdpghu;kp];Ngrpy;y]; iyfdpghu;kp];Ngrpy;y]; iyfdpghu;kp];

156156156156.... ePupopT NehahspfSf;F ru;f;fiuapd; msitf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F gad;gLk; capu;

vjpu;g; nghUs; vJ? ♦ ghrpl;Nurpd;ghrpl;Nurpd;ghrpl;Nurpd;ghrpl;Nurpd;

157157157157.... ney;ypd; jhtutpay; ngau; ♦ xiurh rilthxiurh rilthxiurh rilthxiurh rilth

158158158158.... xiurh rilth vf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;jJ? ♦ NghNarpNghNarpNghNarpNghNarp

159159159159.... igNah -Bry; vz;nza; vjpypUe;J cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ?

♦ muprpj; jtpl;L vz;nza;muprpj; jtpl;L vz;nza;muprpj; jtpl;L vz;nza;muprpj; jtpl;L vz;nza;

160160160160.... [g;ghdpy; muprpapypUe;J jahupf;fg;gLk; kJghdk; ♦ rhNfrhNfrhNfrhNf

161161161161.... gUj;jpapd; jhtutpay; ngau; ♦ fhrpg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];fhrpg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];fhrpg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];fhrpg;gpak; ghu;gnld;];

162162162162.... Njf;F - ,jd; jhtutpay; ngau; ♦ nlf;Nlhdh fpuhd;b];nlf;Nlhdh fpuhd;b];nlf;Nlhdh fpuhd;b];nlf;Nlhdh fpuhd;b];

163163163163.... Njf;F - vf;fLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;jJ? ♦ ntu;gpNdrpntu;gpNdrpntu;gpNdrpntu;gpNdrp

164164164164.... ypd;l; vd;w ,ioj;Jzp jahupg;gpw;Fg; gad;gLtJ ♦ gUj;jpgUj;jpgUj;jpgUj;jp

165165165165.... Nfhyh epl;blhtpd; J}shf;fg;gl;l tpijfs; ,jw;Fg; gjpyhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ? ♦ fh/gpfh/gpfh/gpfh/gp

166166166166.... mNrhyh vd;w ePu;g;nguzpapy; fhzg;gLk; ghf;Bupak; ♦ mdgPdh > mNrhyhmdgPdh > mNrhyhmdgPdh > mNrhyhmdgPdh > mNrhyh

167167167167.... capu; vjpu;g;nghUis Ruf;Fk; ghf;Bupaq;fs; ♦ mrNlh ghf;lu;mrNlh ghf;lu;mrNlh ghf;lu;mrNlh ghf;lu;

168168168168.... ______________ ghf;Bupah mk;Nkhdpahit iel;Nul;lhf khw;WfpwJ. ♦

iel;uNrhNkhd];iel;uNrhNkhd];iel;uNrhNkhd];iel;uNrhNkhd];

169169169169.... td];gjp kw;Wk; Nrhg; ,jpypUe;J jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ♦ jtpl;L vz;nzajtpl;L vz;nzajtpl;L vz;nzajtpl;L vz;nza;

170170170170.... ney;ypy; Jq;Nuhitui] flj;JtJ ♦ ,iyg; G+r;rpfs,iyg; G+r;rpfs,iyg; G+r;rpfs,iyg; G+r;rpfs;

171171171171.... gh];lh vdg;gLk; fisf;nfhy;ypia nraypof;fr;nra;Ak; [Pd;fis cila capup

♦ ];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];];l;nug;Nlhik]]; i`f;Nuh];Nfhgpf];

172172172172.... FNshNuhikrpbd; Fzg;gLj;Jk; Neha; ♦ ilgha;Lilgha;Lilgha;Lilgha;L

173173173173.... xU ehl;bd; capup Mjhu tsq;fis ,ufrpakhf gy mikg;Gfs; Ruz;LtJ

kw;Wk; gad;gLj;JtJ __________ vdg;gLk;. ♦ capu;g;nghUs; nfhs;iscapu;g;nghUs; nfhs;iscapu;g;nghUs; nfhs;iscapu;g;nghUs; nfhs;is

174174174174.... mfhypgh ,z;bf;fhtpd; tl;lhuj; jkpo;g; ngau; ♦ Fg;igNkdpFg;igNkdpFg;igNkdpFg;igNkdp

175175175175.... ney;ypy; Jq;Nuh Nehiaj; Njhw;Wtpg;gJ ♦ itu];itu];itu];itu];

55

176176176176.... nraw;if Kiwapy; ney; tay;fspy; capup cuq;fistsur;nra;a cjTk;

raNdh ghf;Bupak; ♦ mdgPdh> fhNyhj;upf;];> ];f;spNahNfg;]h> ypq;gah> eh];lhf;> mdgPdh> fhNyhj;upf;];> ];f;spNahNfg;]h> ypq;gah> eh];lhf;> mdgPdh> fhNyhj;upf;];> ];f;spNahNfg;]h> ypq;gah> eh];lhf;> mdgPdh> fhNyhj;upf;];> ];f;spNahNfg;]h> ypq;gah> eh];lhf;>

Mrpy;yNlhupah> irl;NlhePkhMrpy;yNlhupah> irl;NlhePkhMrpy;yNlhupah> irl;NlhePkhMrpy;yNlhupah> irl;NlhePkh

177177177177.... jio cuj;jpw;F Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ♦ nr];Ngdpahnr];Ngdpahnr];Ngdpahnr];Ngdpah

nky;epiy ,uz;lhk; mz;lnky;epiy ,uz;lhk; mz;l capupay ... · 1 nky;epiy ,uz;lhk; mz;lnky;epiy...

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