nkon s'i pzdrh sze - punjabi library – punjabi pdf books...
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1
nkoN s'I pzdrh sZe
(jod/t f;zx s'I pkpk cohd, tv/fonK dh ;kyh Gkr-2)
jogkb f;zx gzB{
2012
Website: www.harpalsinghpannu.com
91-94642-51454
@ Harpal Singh Pannu
f;zx pqdo} nfwqs;o
2
sseok
w[ZypzX 3
jod/t f;zx 5
GkJh be;atho f;zx 27
oftzdoBkE N?r'o 44
coKia ekcek 85
fwb/Bk 99
jkfcia ;ahokiah 114
w"bkBk o{wh 123
pkpk cohd 134
3
w[ZypzX w/oh feskp r"sw s'I sk;eh sZe, b'erhs gqek;aB uzvhrVQ B/ Skgh sK fJ; dh gfjbh n?vh;aB
S/ wjhfBnK ftu fte rJh. w/ok Gow d{o j'fJnk fe gzikph p'bh d/ gkme BjhI bGd/.
ikDdk jK, jZEbh feskp Bz{ gVQB tkb/ w"i{d jB. w?I T[BQK fJfsjk;e BkfJeK T[go nkgDk
fXnkB e/Idfos ehsk fiBQK pkps gzikp iK sK T[Zek BjhI ikDdk iK fco fizBk ikDdk j?, nX{ok
j?. jkfcia ;ahokiah, ekcaek, fwb/Bk, GkJh be;atho f;zx ns/ jod/t f;zx nkofN;N pkps fJj
rZb w?I :ehB Bkb efj ;edk jK fe fJBQK Bz{ gfjbh tko gkmeK B/ fJ; o{g d/ r[ow[yh
nZyoK ftu gfVQnk j?. pkpk cohd pkps e/tb T[j rZbK doi ehshnK jB fiBQK pkps
gzikphnK Bz{ gsk BjhI ;h. ;/ay cohd Bz{ BjhI ;wfMnk ik ;edk i/ ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB n"bhnk dh
;kyh SZv fdzdk. pkpk fB}kw[ZdhB dk ;[jDk dopko j't/ sK nwho y[;o' r?ao jkiao fet/I j'
;edk j?<
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ pkDheko r[o{ ;kfjpkB ns/ Grs-iB pkps fJj sK n;hI ikDd/ jK
fe fJBQK dh pkDh ftu e'Jh G/d BjhI, doik pdoik BjhI go ihtB eEktK gVQe/ fJ; f;ZN/ s/
g[Zfink jK fe fJBQK ;ko/ BkfJeK dk ihtB th fJe ;wkB j?. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh iBw;kyh
gVQ' iK pkpk cohd ih dk ihtB, feXo/ coe BjhI, GrsK dk ihtB gVq', T[jh iawhB, T[jh
n;wkB, T[jh gskb. jho' n?Iv jho'-tof;ag ftu ekobkfJb B/ fbfynk, @@;z;ko d/ ;G g?razpo
fJe' fij/ w;kb/ d/ pD/ j'J/ jB. i/ edh s[jkBz{ T[BQK ftu coe Biao nkJ/, nfijk fJ; eoe/
j'J/rk fe T[j tZy tZy ;fwnK ftu s/ tZy tZy d/;K ftZu j'J/ ;B.##
r'dVh pkpk cohd No;N cohde'N w?Bz{ edh edkJhI pkpk cohd d/ T[o; T[go Gk;aD
eoB tk;s/ ;Zd b?Idk j?. uko ;kb gfjbK ;Zdk fwfbnk. w/o/ pZfunK dh wk;h dk gfotko
b'jkw ihs f;zx tkbk w[deh bkr/ t;dk j?. ;'funk fJe fdB gfjbK uZbe/ oks b'jkw ojKr/
s/ nrb/ fdB cohde'N jkiaoh Go e/ tkg; nk iktKr/. ;akwh g[Zi rJ/. r'fgzdo f;zx d/ pkg{
ih B/ fejk- d/o pkd nkJ/ j' gq'c?;o ;kfjp. w?I fejk- w[nkch wzrdk jK ih. jkb/ th nk BjhI
j'Dk ;h i/ fes/ cohde'N d/ T[o; dk ;Zdk Bk fwbdk. eZbQ Bz{ pkpk cohd ih dhnK rZbK
dZ;Kr/. T[BQK fejk- w?I sK ik BjhI ;edk j[D. fijVhnK rZbK T[E/ eo'r/ T[j w?Bz{ fJE/ ;[Dk
fdT[. w?I T[BQK d/ ;akjkBk ykBdkB ns/ ;[bskBk Bkb fo;as/dkohnK s' rZb F[o{ ehsh. T[BQK B/
ftu'I N'e e/ fejk- ;[bskB T[BQK d/ fo;as/dko ;B, fJj rZbK eoB dh eh b'V < w?I fejk- go
fJj fJfsjk;e ;Zu j?. T[BQK fejk- ;[bskBk pkps w?I dZ; fdzBK. ncarkBh rohp gmkD fJXo
nkgD/ fJbkfenK ftu wiad{oh eoB nkT[Id/ sK oZi/ g[Zi/ xo gSkD e/ okshI ;zBQK bkT[Id/, u'ohnK
eod/. gzi ;s u'oK d/ ro'j ob e/ vke{nK dk iEk pDk b?Id/, fdB fdjkV/ th jZbk p'b
fdzd/. gzdoK thj vke{nK d/ ro'j ob p?md/, nkgD/ ftu'I fJe Bz{ nkgDk bhvo Ekg e/ T[;Bz{
;[bskB dk wokspk d/ fdzd/. pkpk cohd dk ;pzX u'oK vke{nK Bkb i'VB dh nkgK Bz{ eh
iao{os < jK, i/ r"oh ykBdkB iK pbpB dk r[bkw tz;a dkntk eo/ fe T[j pkpk cohd d/
fo;as/dko jB, nfijk T[BQK Bz{ eoB fdT[ feT[Ife T[j nkgD/ r[BkjK s'I gkfe j'D tk;s/ pkpk
cohd Bkb fo;ask i'VBr/. nkgK feT[I ;[bskBk nwhoiakfdnK dk fiaeo eohJ/ feT[Ife ;a/y cohd
;kv/ pkpk ih ;B, rohpK, roiatzdK s/ d[yhnK dh pKj cVB tk;s/ ijkB T[go nkJ/ ;B,
;[bskBk tk;s/ BjhI ;B rzfi;aeo.
gq'H nso f;zx B/ gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh uzvhrVQ, 1990 ftu pkpk cohd T[go ;?whBko
eotkfJnk. g/go gVQB tkfbnK ftu w?I th ;K. gq'c?;o ;[oihs jK; d' fszB gzfBnK s'I tXhe
bzwk y'i-gZso BjhI fbfynk eod/. YkJh e[ gzfBnK d/ fJ; g/go ftu i' w[Zy rZb T[BQK B/ ehsh
T[j fJj ;h- @@;ko/ ;{ch ceho, ;w/s pkpk cohd d/, T[ikV{, ;B. fJBQK B/ T[wo Go e'Jh ezw
BjhI ehsk. i' nzB XB nkT[Idk, yk gh b?Id/ s/ w[ohdK Bz{ j[ew ;h fe fdB fSgD se pkeh
gJhnK o;dK, wkb XB b'VtzdK ftu tzv fds/ ikD.##
gq'H nso f;zx B/ gqXkBrh Gk;aD eofdnK jK; dh fNZgDh dk fiaeo fJT[I ehsk, @@ezw
eoBk tXhe w[;aeb BjhI j[zdk. d[BhnK Bz{ ezw bk d/Dk, ezw b?Dk, ezw dk gqpzX eoBk, gqpZ[X
b'eK dk ezw j[zdk j?. mhe j?, pzdrh ehsh e/tb, go pkd;akjK ns/ goik Bz{ nfj;k; ;h fe
fJBQK d/ j[zfdnK rbs ezw eoBk ;zGt BjhI. pkpk cohd B/ j[D sZe nkgK ;kfonK Bz{ ezw s/
bk oZfynk j?. ojh rZb T[ikVk eoB dh, T[j w?I th eo fojK. v/Y bZy o[fgnk ;?whBko T[go
T[ikV fdnKrk pkpk cohd d/ Bkw s/. jK; ;kfjp B/ YkJh gzfBnK dk b/y fbfynk j?, fJBQK Bz{
4
n;hI YkJh jiako o[fgnk fdnKr/. fJ; soQK dk T[ikVk eofdnK ;kBz{ e'Jh fcaeo BjhI feT[Ife
n;hI pkpk cohd d/ w[ohd jK. fiBQK B/ XB i'V i'V rkroK Go bJhnK ;B T[j e"D ;B s/
feE/ rJ/ <##
G'gkb d/ t;Bhe okie[wko e/;tkBh B/ cko;h ftu'A fjzdh, d/tBkroh nZyoK ftu ijkfB-
o{wh nB[tkd ehsk j?. w?B{z bZfrnk, cko;h Fpdktbh ns/ fjzdh Fpdktbh ftub/ ozrK dk
pj[sh EkJhA ;[oskb mhe BjhA p?mdk. fet/A ehsk j't/rk e/;tkBh B/< fjzdh GkFk okjhA cko;h dk
ijkB fet/A d/yKr/< gVQ e/ rbs cfjwh d{o j' rJh. nB[tkde B{z w/o/ fdb ftub/ s"yfbnK dk
nr/sk gsk ;h fi; eoe/ T[;B/ nZyo d/tBkroh tos/ jB go ;zz;feqs-B[wk GkFk fpbe[b BjhA
tosh, tXhe bc} T[od{ ns/ cko;h d/ jB.
e/;tkBh B{z c'B eoe/ T[;d/ nB[tkd dh tXkJh fdZsh s/ fejk, “w?A jkfc} Fhok}h T[go
bzwk b/y fbfynk j?. s[jkB{z r[ow[yh ns/ gzikph nkT[Adh j[zdh sK io{o G/idk.
T[BQK fejk- w?A s/ w/oh gsBh r[opkDh d/ fBZsB/wh jK. ibdh G/i'.
w"bkBk o{w nkyd/ jB, @@y's/ d/ ezB t/u e/ sz{ pzd/ d/ ezB yohd b?. c/o w?I s/o/ ezBk
ftu ;'B/ dhnK w[zdoK gfjBktKrk.## fJBQK caehoK tb'I fdshnK w[zdoK gfjBD tk;s/ ezB
ftBQtkT[D/ g?Dr/.
N?r'o B/ T[wo d/ nyhob/ ;kbK ftu pkbrhs fby/, pkbrhs fijV/ b'ohnK pD rJ/.
T[;dk eEB j? - wjkB nkdwh ;koh T[wo pZuk ofjzdk j?. id'I ftdk j[zdk j?, d[BhnK Bz{ tZvk
;kok pugB d/ iKdk j?.
@@r'sky'o w'shnK dh sbk;a ftu vz{x/ T[so rJ/ jB. ;[dkroK B/ ngD/ ijkia tgko
tk;s/ ;kro ftu m/bQ fds/ jB. gZsD T[go fBe/ pZu/ ezeoK Bkb y/v oj/ jB. y/v y/ve/
ezeo T[E/ jh ;[ZN e/ pZu/ ngD/ xoK Bz{ ub/ ikDr/. ;kro ezY/ pZfunK dh y/v ekfJw
oj/rh.## id'I w?I N?r'o dk fJj eEB gfVQnk sK w?Bz{ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih :kd nkJ/.
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ gNB/ Bdh d/ gZsD T[go y/vfdnK fJe fJe eoe/ d' ezrD
dfonk ftu ;[ZN fdZs/ ;B. itkB T[wo/ ngD/ gfotko d/ ;ko/ ihn ns/ pj[s fgnko/ f;zx,
ezeoK tKr fsnkr e/ fBi xo gos rJ/ ;B. r[o{ d;w gks;akj ih dk ;kok ihtB nBzs
pugB ;h. nZmt/I Jhwkw dh G?D jiaos wk;{wk ckfswK dhnK ;kyhnK ;[Dk e/ JhokB d/
dkfB;atoK B/ w?Bz{ g[ZfSnk- eh s[jkv/ g?rzpo th wk;{w ;B < w/ohnK nZyK ftub/ o[e/ GktK B/
w?Bz{ fejk- e'Jh T[so BjhI d/Dk.
t/d ftnk; s'I 1500 ;kb pkd ekbhdk; g?dk j'fJnk s/ ekbhdk; s'I 1500 ;kb pkd
N?r'o. fJBQK tork e'Jh u"Ek wjKeth d/yD bJh eh d[BhnK Bz{ j[D v/Y jiako ;kb dk
fJzsiako eoBk gJ/rk <
w?Bz{ gsk j?, nZyK tkfbnK, ezBk tkfbnK GfbnK dh xkN BjhI j?. w?I ikDdk jK fJBQK
BkfJeK dh ;kyh s[jkv/ f;ojkD/ B/V/ gJh j't/rh sK s[jkBz{ y{p;{os ;[caB/ nkT[Dr/. fJBQK
wjKg[oyK ns/ fJBQK Bz{ fgnkoB tkb/ w[ohdK d/ uoBK ftu wZEk N/edk jK. w?I gq'c?;o irdh;a
f;zx ih dk F[eor[iko jK fiBQK B/ fJj feskp gqekf;as eotkT[D dk T[Zdw ehsk.
jogkb f;zx gzB{
5
jod/t f;zx nkofN;N
@@w/ok Bkw jod/t f;zx j?. gzikp d/ f;y gfotko ftu izfwnk. ezeo, mheohnK fJemhnK eoB
bJh ;z;ko x[zfwnK. w/o/ ezwK dhnK B[wkfJ;aK bZrhnK, SghnK, fcbwK pDhnK, dkd fwbh, fBy/Xh
j'Jh s/ Biao-nzdkia j'fJnk. w?Bz{ gqf;Xsk dh sbk;a BjhI ojh. ouBk eoB s'I wjhB s/ ft;akb
nB[Gt j'o e'Jh BjhI. fJ;/ eoe/ j[D se g/IfNzr eo fojk jK, fJj w?Bz{ uzrh brdh j?. id'I
w?I r[o{ ih dh gzesh- w/oh ;/iVhn? nkvzpo pfDnk. wfB nBd[ GfJnk gqG[ nkts ;[fDnk.,
gVQh, w?I j?okB ofj frnk fe fet/I behoK Bkb fJe nZyo pD iKdk j?, fJe ftnoE fijh
fB;akBh j[zdh j? nZyo, fJ; ftu'I fet/I nukBe nktkia g?dk j' iKdh j? s/ j'o nZyo Bkb i[Ve/
;apd pDe/, nZyo noE d/ fdzd/ jB s/ y{p;{os ;akfJoh dk gqek;a j' iKdk j?. eh fJj eokwks
BjhI< fJ; gzesh d/ d; ;apd jB, jo/e ;apd nkgD/ nkg ftu ;zg{oB j?, :kBh fe fJe X[B
j?, ;ko/ fwbe/ okr j' iKd/ jB. fJ; gzesh d/ nkXko s/ w?II d; g/IfNzria pDkJhnK, jo/e
g/IfNzr ngD/ nkg ftu ;zg{oB j? go ;kohnK dk fJe d{ih Bkb ;pzX j?.
@@w?I rZbK ehshnK, ftuko tNKdo/ ehs/, ykw';a fojk. pj[s ;ko/ d';s pD/.
@@w/ok eoskoh ekoi spdhb j'D dk fJS[e j? go fJj fe; BthI fd;ak ftu ikJ/rk, dZ;D'
fJBekoh j?. fJj dtzX j?. w?I np'X S'eok jK fijVk fdb d/ nky/ bZr e/ xo'I d"V ikJ/.
fJj BjhI gsk, feE/ ik fojK, J/Bk gZek gsk j?, fiE/ iktKrk T[E/ e'Jh w/ok T[vhetkB j?. fJ;
Bz{ fgnko ej', w"s, nkoN, ;Zu, nkg/ dh gSkD, nBzs Bkb fJe;[osk, prkts, i' woiah ej',
fJj ;ko/ T[;/ d/ Bkw jB fi;dk e'Jh BK BjhI. w?Bz{ nktki ;[DkJh fdzdh j?, w?I gfotko, oZp,
fgzv SZv e/ fpBk fgS/ d/fynK T[; nktkia Bkb NeokT[D tk;s/ s[o g?Idk jK. id'I w?I g{o/
ft;atk; Bkb efjzdk jK fe w?Bz{ w/oh wziab dk gsk BjhI sK fJj w/oh fBoSbsk dk ;p{s j?.
i' w?I BjhI ikDdk, eh g[ikoh, Bhsh-;ak;soh iK dko;afBe T[; pko/ e[M ikDd/ jB<##
ebk y/so d/ wkfjoK dhnK rZbK d"okB edh edkJh w?Bz{ jod/t f;zx Bkw ;[DkJh fdzdk
go fwbkg gfjbh tko 2006 dhnK ;odhnK ftu j'fJnk. ngDh phth ns/ d' p/fNnK ;w/s
gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh ftu fJe ;kb tk;s/ nkJ/ go S/ e[ wjhB/ fpskT[D T[gozs tkg; N'oKN' ub/
rJ/ fiE/ d/ j[D T[j gZe/ t;Bhe jB. T[BQK fdBK ftu ;kvk fwbkg ne;o j[zdk ofjzdk. E'VQ/
e[ fdBK pkd w?I fJ; c?;b/ s/ g[Zi frnk fe fJj nkdwh tZvk sK j? jh, fdbu;g th j? fJ;
eoe/ B'N; b?D/ ukjhd/ jB. j[D c/o fJe wjhBk gfjbK nkJ/, n?seK fJeZb/. T[BKQ Bz{ th
wfj;{; j'fJnk fe gzB{ Bz{ rZb ;akfJd ;wM nkT[D bZrh j?.
w?Bz{ g/IfNzr, nkoN ns/ ;zrhs dh ;wM BjhI. fbys E'Vh e[ w/o/ ekp{ ftu nk iKdh j?. f;zx
pzX{ gfNnkb/ nkJ/ sK fJe ;o's/ B/ fejk- ih w?Bz{ ;ak;soh ;zrhs ;wM ftu BjhI nkT[Idk. GkJh
;[fozdo f;zx B/ fejk- @@s[jkBz{ ;wMD dh b'V g? Jh feT[I rJh< fJBQK gZEoK Bkb NZeoK wko
wko e/ E'VQh pj[s ;kBz{ ;wM nkJh j?. ;wMDk s/ ;wMkT[Dk T[;skdK dk ezw j?, ;o's/ nBzd
b?D. s/;/ Bkb gjkV eZNDk cojkd dk ezw j?, b'e eZN/ gjkV ftu'I tr/ u;aw/ dk fwZmk gkDh
ghD.## ft;a/ dk fJbw Bk j'D d/ pkti{d w?I jod/t f;zx T[go fbyD dk c?;bk ehsk.
n;hI d't/I nkgD/ nkgD/ G{sekb dhnK :kdK skiak eod/. 15 i[bkJh 1934 Bz{ fiabk BtK ;afjo
d/ fgzv cokb/ T[; dk iBw j'fJnk. n;b iBw ft;kyh d/ fdB dk ;h go wk;No ih d/ wB
ftu eh y[;ak T[fmnk, T[;B/ gfjbh iwks d/ ;ko/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh iBw sohe fJe', 15 i[bkJh
fby fdsh. fgsk GkJh oZyk f;zx ns/ wksk eow e"o ;B. d;thI d/ fJwfsjkB uZb oj/ ;B.
;e{b dh fpbfvzr y;sk ;h. whIj g?D bZrk. fi; v?;e T[go T[so ekgh oZy e/ jod/t fby
fojk ;h T[E/ fNg fNg gkDh dh p{zd fvrD bZrh, SZN/ g{o/ gzB/ dh fbys yokp eoB bZr/.
e'Jh ;hN ykbh BjhI ;h fiE/ p?mD dh p/Bsh ehsh ik ;e/. niBph wk;No fJwfsjkB b?D
nkJ/ j'J/ ;B fiBQK s'I t?;/ th vo brdk ;h. jod/t B/ fijVh y/;h mzY s'I puD tk;s/ UVQh
j'Jh ;h T[; dh fJe ezBh r'b e[zvbh pDk e/ T[; EK Xo fdZsh fiE/ pz{dK fvr ojhnK ;B.
pz{dK y/;h dh e[zvbh ftu iiap j'D bZr gJhnK s/ jod/t nkokw Bkb g/go jZb eoB bZrk.
wk;No fJj ;koh joes d/y fojk ;h. jod/t Bz{ g[ZfSnk- sz{ fw;sohnK dk w[zvk j?< jod/t B/
fejk- BK ih w?I sK iZN nK. wk;No B/ fejk- ewkb n? pJh. w?I gfjbh tko fJj d/fynk, fJe
iZNK d/ w[zv/ Bz{ th neb j?.
6
d;thI ftu gVQfdnK fJe xNBk xNh. ;[bskBg[o d/ Bzd bkb jKvk j?vwk;No, gVQkT[D
nk rJ/. jod/t f;zx B/ dZf;nk, @@T[j bzwk, ;[DZyk s/ r'o/ ozr dk i[nkB ;h. ;kBz{ e'Jh gsk
Bh ;h jKv/ e"D j[zd/ jB, T[jdk ;[Bfjoh ozr d/y e/ n;hI nzdkiak bkfJnk fe T[j ;[fBnkok
j't/rk. nzro/iah gVQkT[Idk ;h. T[;B/ ebk; ftu fejk fe ;'wtko Bz{ cbkDh feskp ns/ cbkDh
ekgh b? e/ nkfJU. pj[s/ pZu/ ;'wtko Bz{ fJj feskp ekgh Bk fbnkJ/. j[f;ankog[o'I fwbDh ;h,
xo dk e'Jh ihn ikJ/rk sK p;s/ ftu gk btKr/ BjhI fco eh ukok j?< fiBQK e'b ekghnK
feskpnK BjhI ;B T[j yVQ/ eo bJ/. jZEK s/ p?Is tZiD bZr/. w?Bz{ fejk frnk jZE nZr/ eo.
w?I jZE nr/ eoe/ T[; s'I p?Is y'j fbnk s/ fejk- wko e/ tyk. jKvk r[Z;/ ftu sK ;h jh, j[D
p"ybkjN ftu nk frnk. vzvk T[Eh SZv e/ fejk- pkg{ Bz{ p[bk e/ fbnk. pkg{ ih Bz{ ;koh rZb
dZ; fdsh. T[j j?vwk;No Bz{ fwb/. j?vwk;No B/ fejk- s[jkvk w[zvk gVQB Bz{ fwjBsh j?, fJj
w?foN ftu nkt/rk fJ; eoe/ fonkfJs eod/ jK fe i/ fJj wkcah wzr bt/ sK mhe, BjhI sK
;e{b' eZY fdnKr/. ;ko/ wBkT[D br/. fMVeK s/ fwzBsK d't/I jfEnko uZb/ sK wzB frnk.
fejk- ;t/o dh gqkoEBk ;Gk tes ;e{b d/ ;kjwD/ j?vwk;No jKvk s'I w[nkch wzr bJ/ sK
wkca eo fdnKr/. nrb/ fdB ;t/o/ jod/t Bz{ g/;a ehsk frnk. T[j jKvk d/ Biadhe frnk s/
T[uh nktkia ftu fejk - w?I wkch BjhI wzrDh feT[Ife w/oh e'Jh rbsh BjhI . ;e{b ;[zB j'
frnk. fJe' ftfdnkoEh w?foN ftu nkT[D d/ ekpb, T[j' eZYDk g? fojk ;h. w?B/iw?IN B/ c?;bk
ehsk fe fJ; ;e{b ftu sK fJjBz{ ofjD BjhI d/Dk. bkrb/ fgzv fJ;/ ;e{b dh pqKu j?, T[E/
pdb fdzd/ jK. ;kb 1950 ftu T[E'I FkBdko Bzpo b? e/ d;thI ehsh s/ w?foN ftu nkfJnk.
wkwk ih f;awb/ f;tb ;oiB ;B, fwbD nkJ/ efj rJ/ ;B fe d;thI d/ fJwfsjkB d/ e/
f;awb/ rowhnK fpskJhI, T[E/ jh c?;bk eoKr/ fe nr'I eh gVQkJh eoBh j?. f;wb/ dhnK ;VeK
grvzvhnK s/ wNor;ash eodk ofjzdk. fJe fdB e'oN o'v s/ NfjbfdnK T[;B/ d/fynk, fJe
r'ok w[zvk b/fNnk fgnk j?, d{ik fuZbk fojk j?- ;/t wkJh co?IvHHHHjh fJia vkJhIr. N?e;h tkb/ Bz{
tki wkoh. wohia ns/ T[;dk d';s fpmkJ/. j;gskb tb iKd/ o;s/ T[go N?e;h fbikD dh
wBkjh ;h go jod/t B/ g[b; Bke/ Bz{ efj fdsk- n?woi?I;h ekoB ikDk g? foj?. wohia Bz{
dkyb ehsk frnk. fwjdk X'fJnk frnk. ikZB BK d/ fJ; wohia dk jcsk fJbki ufbnk.
T[;d/ ;kEh dk Bkw NkZw ;h. F[eokBk eoe/ d't/I ftdk j' rJ/. fJj i[nkB ;ftNiaob?Iv d/
;B.
ckJhB nkoN; ekbi fdZbh ftu dkyb j'fJnk fiE'I 1955 ftu B?;aBb fvgb'wk gqkgs
ehsk. fco ;aKsh fBe/sB fvroh eoB tk;s/ ubk frnk. T[BQh fdBh ;aKsh fBe/sB ebk-gq/whnK
dk wZek ;h. T[E/ wjkB p[Zssqk;a okw fezeo ns/ jod/T[ Bz{ fwfbnk. fJ; Bt/I ebkeko Bz{ ;aKsh
fBe/sB g;zd BjhI nkfJnk. pzrkbhnK dhnK rZbK, ykDk-ghDk, ukb Ykb, e[M th mhe Bk
bZrk. jod/T[ B/ fejk - s/oh T[dk;h ;wM ftu nkT[Idh j? i[nkB, s/o/ tk;s/ fJE/ e[M BjhI,
bkj"o dk ;e{b nkca nkoN fdZbh nk frnk j?, vz{x/ fjod/ tkbk ebkeko XBoki Grs T[E/ j?,
w?I s?Bz{ T[;d/ Bkw fumh fdzdk jK, T[E/ s/ok efbnkD j'J/rk. fdZbh nk frnk. XBoki s'I
fJbktk fijV/ j'o ebkeko fJE/ nfXnkge ;B T[BQK ftZu wjKok;aNo d/ fdBeo e";o, pzrkb d/
;/b'i w[eoih, Gkp/;a ;kfBnkb s/ gzikp d/ jofe;aB bkb ;B.
nkoN fj;Noh dk jzr/ohnB gq'c?;o vkH ukob; c?poh, ihBhn; ;h. i?g[o d/ wjkoki/ B/
fdbh ;fEs nkgDk wfjb gzvs itkjobkb Bfjo{ Bz{ d/ fdZsk sK fe fJ; ftu B?;aBb r?boh
nkca wkvoB nkoN; ftef;s ehsh ikJ/. wfjzdo f;zx ozXktk T[d'I fdZbh d/ fvgNh efw;aBo,
T[sw ebkgkoy{ ;B. jod/t f;zx ozXktk ;kfjp Bz{ fwfbnk s/ p/Bsh ehsh - B?;aBb nkoN
r?boh w?I ;Ekgs eoKrk. goyfdnK fe fJ; i[nkB Bz{ ft;at dhnK nkoN ;a?bhnK dh uzrh
tkech j?, fJj fizaw/tkoh ;"Ig fdZsh. wfjb ftu fojkfJ;a eoB dh wBkjh ;h, noia ehsh - fJj
r[;bykBk fezBk tZvk j?, gZyk th bZrk j'fJnk j?, fJ;/ ftu ofj btKrk. nkfrnk fwb rJh.
fgzv'I fw;sohnK dk N'bk b? frnk. dhtkoK d/ Bkb Bkb fJe ezX s'I d{ih sZe, gkJhg T[go d'
d' j[ZeK Bkb bNekT[D tkb/ bZeVh d/ cZfNnK d/ co/w pDtkJ/ fiBQK T[go g/IfNzria NzrDhnK
;B. g/IfNzria NzrD bJh fJj g'oN/pb sohek pkd ftu eJh nkoN r?bohnK ftu fJ;s/wkb
ehsk frnk. ;kb 1956 Bz{ F[o{ eoe/ 1959 ftu nkoN r?boh w[ezwb eo fdsh. vkH okXk
feq;aBB T[g-ok;aNogsh ;B. T[BQK Bz{ fwb e/ noia ehsh fe r?boh dk T[dxkNB eoB
nkT[.gqtkBrh fwb rJh, fdB fB;afus j' frnk. ;akBdko T[dxkNBh ;wko'j j'fJnk. n?i{e/;aB
7
wzsoh jwk:z{ epho nkJ/. nkoN efofNe w[beoki nBzd nkJ/. ;koh ftT[Ispzdh wfjzdo f;zx
ozXktk dh fBrokBh ftu j'Jh.
fJ; nkoN r?boh d/ fJzukoi ;eZso, feq;aBkw{osh nkJhH;hHn?;H ;B. T[BQK B/ fJ; rZb dk pj[s
p[ok wBkfJnk fe T[BQK Bz{ pkJh-gk; eoe/ jod/t f;zx, vkH okXkfeq;aBB Bz{ p[bk fbnkfJnk. fJj
gq'N'e'b dh x'o T[bzxDk ;h. itkp sbph tk;s/ yas fbfynk. jod/t B/ itkp fdsk - ;akBdko
T[dxkNB j' frnk j?, vkH okXk feq;aBB gq;zB-fus tkg; ik u[e/ jB, gq?;Z B/ y{p eto/i ehsh
j?, EK EK gq;z;k j'Jh j?, fJ; d/ pkti{d s[;hI e'Jh ekotkJh w/o/ fybkca eoBh j? sK eo'.
feq;aBkw{osh u[Zg j' rJ/. fJ; tes jod/t f;zx nkoN r?boh dk nf;;N?IN vkfJo?eNo ;h.
;kb 1959 ftu o'w ikD tk;s/ noiah gkJh, itkp nkfJnk- s[jkBz{ c?b'f;ag bJh u[fDnk
frnk j?. jkiao j't'. T[d'I nkw b'e jtkJh ijkia ftu ;cao BjhI eod/ ;B. pzp/ s'I B/gbia
sZe ;w[zdoh ijkia okjhI ;cao eoBk ;h. ;kok gfotko fgzv'I fdbh ftdk eoB tk;s/ nk frnk.
o/bt/ ;N/;aB s/ yb's/ ;B. No/B nk bZrh. ;wkB fNekfJnk, ;G Bz{ fwfbnk. rZvh uZb gJh.
gzi ;Zs fwzN pkd eh d/fynk wK fJe ;hN T[go fSgh p?mh ;h, T[m e/ jod/t Biadhe ik
p?mh. jod/t B/ fejk - fJj sz{ eh ehsk wK< rZvh ftu feT[I uVQ nkJh< wK B/ v[pv[pkJhnK
nZyK Bkb fejk- s?Bz{ G/iD Bz{ fdb BjhI eodk jod/t. ub fJT[I eod/ nK, w?I pzpJh s' tkg;
nk ikT{Irh. Bkb/ T[j ;hN d/y bT{Irh fi; s/ p?m e/ sz{ god/; ikJ/Irk. Nh-Nh Bkb rZb
ehsh. T[;B/ fejk- e'Jh rZb BhI. ;hN j?rh. w?I fNeN pDk fdzBk. wK g[Zs rZbK eod/ pzp/ g[Zi
rJ/. nkfrnk b?e/ fe wK Bz{ ijkia fdykT[Dk j?, d't/I ijkia nzdo bzx rJ/. rZbK eod/ oj/.
J/B/ Bz{ ;hNh tZih. xfVnkb yVe/. n?bkB j'fJnk fe :kso{nK Bz{ SZvD nkJ/ pzd/ T[so ikD.
s[oB dk tes j' frn?. wK T[Zmh. fejk- jod/t, fJj s/o/ e/; pV/ fgnko/ B/. d[X djhI Bkb
X' X' f;azrkodh ;h. fJBQK dh p/ndph Bk eohI. sz{ god/; uZfbn?I. gsk BjhI T[E/ fej' fijh
fiazdrh n?. wip{oh t; i/ edh e/; eNkT[D/ g? ikD, c/o w?Bz{ nkgDk wz{j Bk fdykJhI.
fJj nky e/ T[j s/ia edwh ijkia s'I T[soh s/ s[o gJh. jod/t B/ tkiK wkohnK, fJjh
efjDk ;h fe jK wK, fJt/I jh eoz{rk, go T[j o[eh BjhI, fgS/ w[V e/ BjhI d/fynk. fJ; nkyoh
tke s'I pkd T[;B/ Bk e[M ;[DBk ;h Bk ;[DkT[Dk ;h. jod/t f;zx B/ w?Bz{ dZf;nk- id'I e'Jh
w?Bz{ g[ZSd?- s?I tkb feT[I Bh eNkJ/. T[E/ ;ko/ Jh eNk fdzd/ B/. w?I u[g eo ikBk. e"D wria
ygkJh eo/. w?I nkofN;N nK. fJj' fijh ;pb w{os j'o e'Jh BjhI, w{os fijVh j[ew d/e/ fgm
eo bt/. w{os i' ngD/ j[ew s'I pkd fe;/ fNZgDh dh iao{os Bk ;wM/ ns/ ubh ikt/. w/oh
g'fb;a gsBh wkohnk, wK dh fJ; rZb s/ cyo eodh j?. J/;ahnB wK nBzs fgnko eodh j?,
T[;dk fsnkr th nBzs j?, T[;dk nkuo;a r[ioh wK j?.
;kb 1962 ftZu o'w s'I tkg; d/; nkfJnk. w[beoki nBzd ns/ wfjzdo f;zx ozXktk B/
w[y wzsoh ;qH gqskg f;zx e?o'I Bz{ wBk fbnk fe uzvhrVQ ftu nkoN r?boh pD/, ekbi nkca
nkoN; pD/. jod/t Bz{ fJ; ekbi dk ckT[Ivo vkfJo?eNo bk fdZsk. ezw ni/ F[o{ j'fJnk jh
;h fe uhB dh izr fSV gJh. jod/t B/ nkoiah ;a?v T[;ko e/ nkoN r?boh ftT[IsDh F[o{ eo
fdsh. ;G s'I gfjbK jZEK Bkb pDkJhnK ikD tkbhnK tos'I :'r uhiaK dh fb;N fsnko ehsh.
p?Is dh tos'I eoe/ e[o;hnK w/ia fsnko eotkT[D br/. fJj dZ;D bJh fe tos'I :'r ;kwkB
ftu ebkeko fet/I ikB gk fdzd/ B/, d' d' e[o;hnK, fJe fJe w/ia jo/e wzsoh d/ xo g[uk e/
ehws t;{bh, dZf;nk fe o[iarko s/ ;[jZgD, d'tK dk efbnkD j't/rk.
jod/t B/ d/fynk fe eKrVk g/IfNzria sK ewkb j?B jh, gjkVBk uKdh d/ fijV/ rfjD/
gfjBdhnK jB, T[BQK T[go riap dk nkoN j?. T[j fJBQK g[okD/ Gko/ rfjfDnK Bz{ GBk GBk
Bt/I rfjD/ pDtk ojhnK ;B i' Bt/I j'D eoe/ ;[jD/ brd/ ;B s/ jbe/ j'D eoe/ eJh eJh
e[VhnK d/ ezw nk iKd/ ;B. T[;B/ ;'funk - fJj g[okDk j[Bo spkj j' ikt/rk. ozXktk ;kfjp
Bkb rZb ehsh. ozXktk B/ fejk- noiah fby, w/o/ s'I f;ckfo;a eotk, ;t/o ;ko e?o'I ;kfjp Bz{
fwb. nZm e[ ti/ T[j po/eck;N efonk eod/ B/. j' ;ed? s?Bz{ efjD go"mk yk b?. sz{ th
po/eck;N eo bJhI. c/o s?Bz{ ezw g[SDr/. ngDk wB'oE dZ; e/ noiah nZr/ eo d/JhI. fJj'
j'fJnk. go"Im/ ykD s/ bZ;h ghD fgS'I ngD/ ezw pko/ dZ; e/ fejk - ;[fBnkfonK Bz{ i/ ;oekoh
uKdh d/ e/ fJj rfjD/ yohd bJ/ ikD sK ebkfeqsK dh spkjh pu ;edh j?. e?o'I B/ g[ZfSnk -
eh ukjhdk j?< jod/t B/ fejk - ih ukbh feb' uKdh s/ fJe ihg. noiah T[go @wB}{o# fby
e/ d;yas eo fds/. uKdh dh Ne;kb nzfwqs;o j[zdh ;h. jod/t T[E/ g[Zi frnk fe ukbh feb'
8
uKdh dhnK fJZNK fdT[. Ne;kb nca;o efjD bZrk- T[J/ GkJh eJh e[ZM j'o eohd? fJ; noiah
d/ Bkb Bkb. w?Bz{ noiah cVk. wfjew/ e'b ikJ/rh. fco eJh EkJhI j'e/ d[pkok w/o/ e'b
nkJ/rh. wjhB/ pkd nkJhI. fJzB/ Bz{ ihg fwb rJh. wjhB/ pkd ukbh feb' uKdh dhnK fJZNK
bZd e/ eKrV/ dh tkdh tZb e{u ehsk.
d/fynk fe uzp/, oki/ d/ wfjb ftu fJe okrwkbk gJh j? fi; ftu u[ok;h okrK dk
sseok j?. fJ; okrwkbk T[go nkXkos fwBhJ/uoia gJhnK jB. okrwkbk ns/ fwBhJ/uoia
yohd bJhnK i' j[D B?;aBb r?boh nkca wkvoB nkoN fdZbh ftu ;KGhnK gJhnK jB. fJBQK
e[b?e;aBia pko/ feskp fbyh, fJ; nkoN T[go fNZgDhnK fdshnK. g/IfNzria SkgDhnK ;B. ozXktk
;kfjp B/ dZf;nk- ozrdko g/IfNzria, ekria T[s/ e/tb ;o;tsh gq?;Z Skgdh j? i' ebeZs/ ftu j?.
jod/t s'I feskp b?e/ T[; Bz{ d[pkok ftT[Ifsnk. w[Zy pzd fbfynk. w[ypzd ftu jod/t dk fiaeo
ehsk. feskp d/ eto s/ Bkw wfjzdo f;zx ozXktk b/ye dk ;h s/ jod/t dk Bkw nf;;N?IN
dk. jod/t f;zx B/ fejk- ozXktk ;kfjp, feskp sK w?I fbyh ;h, e[b?e;aBia w?I ehshnK ;B.
Bkw s[jkvk j?. T[j jZ; gJ/, fejk- w/o/ Bkw s'I pr?o s/oh feskp SgDh BjhI ;h. sz{ j[D
NokJh eoe/ d/y. w/o/ Bkw Bkb gfjbK s/ok Bkw Sfgnk d/ye/ GftZy ftu gqek;ae s/ohnK
feskpK Skfgnk eoBr/. jkb/ fJj ;wK BjhI nkfJnk. jkb/ fJj' j'fJrk.
d[pkok fco o'w ubk frnk. ;qH r'gkb f;zx, ;'chnk ftu Gkos d/ ;cho ;B. T[BQK Bz{
fwfbnk. eko yohdh. c?;bk ehsk fe eko s/ ;tko j'e/ fjzd[;skB xo gosKrk. o'w s'I
p[brkohnk, Noeh, nk;Nohnk ;ftNoiaob?Iv, ;'chnk frnk. fco nop dk wZek wdhBk d/yfdnK
JhokB d/ ;afjo fJ;ckjkB, fJE'I sfjokB, fco ekpb frnk. ekpb ftu pkpo dk S'Nk fijk
YZmk j'fJnk wepok d/fynk, fco gkfe;skB ftu dkyab j'fJnk. gkfe;skBh fJzN?Ibhi?I; B/ fejk,
eko dh sbk;ah b?Dh j?. sbk;ah b?D bZr/ sK fveh ftu oZyhnK E?bhnK ftu'I x[Zr{ x'V/, fwZNh d/
SDeD/, uZehnK, rvhjo/ ;?IefVnK dh frDsh ftu gJ/ ;B. jZ;D bZr/. fJe d{i/ Bz{ tkiK wko
wko p[bkT[DHHHT[J/ nfj d/y', Bk xVhnK, BK NoKfi;No, Bk SsohnK Bk o/B-e'N, Bk N/g-
foekovo Bk ;'B/ d/ fp;e[N. J/j gkrb fwNh Bkb eko dh fveh Goh bJh iKd?. jZ;fdnK
j;fdnK T[BQK B/ tkjrk pkovo gko eotk fdsk.
tkjrk gko eoe/ nNkoh s'I ;[bskBg[o b'Xh j[zfdnK ngD/ fgzv g[ZiDk ;h. ;[bskBg[o
ike/ fynkb nkfJnk- wk;No jKvk ;[bskBg[o d/ ;B. d/yhJ/ Gbk j?D fe BjhI. eJhnK Bz{
g[ZfSnk, fJe B/ dZf;nk, T[; feskpK ekghnK tkbh d[ekB s'I g[ZS. d[ekBdko B/ xo dk o;sk
dZ; fdZsk, fejk - b'j/ dk ekbk tZvk r/N j?. r/N s/ g[Zi e/ dotkiak yVekfJnk. bzw/ eZd,
;[Bfjoh ozr tkbk wk;No fpoX j' frnk ;h. jZE ftZu yz{vh cVh ;fji/ ;fji/ dotkik y'bQD
nkfJnk. ikD e/ jod/t B/ ngDk Bkw BjhI dZf;nk, e[M d/o d/yD s'I pkd efjD bZrk-
jod/t< jod/t f;zx B/ T[;d/ uoB S[j/. SbedhnK nZyK Bkb wk;No jKvk B/ jod/t Bz{ iZch
ftu b? e/ fejk - w?I eJhnK Bz{ g[ZSdk fojk sz{ feE/ n?I. gsk brdk god/;h j' frn?I. s?Bz{
fwb e/ s/o/ s'I wkch wzrDh ;h w?I. Gbk j'fJnk sz{ nkg/ nk frnk. w?I feE'I bZG ;edk ;K s?Bz{<
jod/t B/ fejk- ih wkcah sK w?I wzrD nkfJnK s[jkE'I. fJ;/ eoe/ oZp B/ fejk - ;w[zdo okjhI
BjhI n?seh iawhB okjhI ;co s?n eo. d[BhnK d/ydk d/ydk ;[bskBg[o g[ZfinK. fywk wzrD
nkfJnk jK. w?I r[;skyh ehsh ;h go fywk wzrD s'I w[Bfeo ;K. wk;No ih B/ pko pko fejk-
nZi fJE/ ofj. ykD ghD s'I pkd jod/t f;zx B/ xo dk o;sk cfVnk. xo g[iD s'I fszB
fdB fgS'I ypo fwbh fe wk;No jKvk fJ; ijkB s'I e{u eo rJ/ jB.
wfjzdo f;zx ozXktk gzikp y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh ;Ekgs eoB tk;s/ ps"o tkJh;-uK;bo
b[fXnkD/ nk rJ/. jod/t f;zx Bz{ gzikp d/ yZphykB fiawhdko dh jt/bh T[;koB bJh fejk.
fJ; :{Bhtof;Nh dk w"i{dk nikfJpxo jod/t dh fwjBs dk cb j?. S'NhnK fJZNK ni/ bZG
iKdhnK ;B. u[bQ/ u"Ie/ pDkJ/. r[ZsK, goKd/, fJzBz{, xVtzihnK, ghjVhnK, w{jV/, d/rK, rkroK,
uoy/, nN/oB, rZb eh ;kok g/Iv{ ;kia' ;kwkB u[D fbnk. jt/bh dhnK ezXk s/ g/IfNzria d/t B/
pDkJhnK, T[dxkNB y[;atzs f;zx B/ ehsk. fJ; ezw dh nZi sZe T[gwk j' ojh j?.
1978 ftu id'I vkH nwohe f;zx B/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh d/ tkJh;-uK;bo ti'I nj[dk ;zGkfbnk
sK jod/t f;zx B/ ;bkj fdsh - d[BhnK Go d/ nkX[fBe f;abghnK ebkekoK Bz{ ;Zd'. ;kwkB
fdT[. ej' fe fizBk fuo ofjDk j?, ;kb, S/ wjhB/, oj'. i' fdb eod? pDkT[. vkH nwohe
f;zx B/ jod/t f;zx Bz{ fejk, fiBQK ebkekoK Bz{ s[;hI ;ZdDk ukj[zd/ j', ;d'. w?I sK ;Zdk gZsoK
9
s/ d;ys eoB tkbk jK p;. fJE/ T[d'I u?Ze, ikgkB, thsBkw, fJzv'B/;ahnk, g'b?Iv, sk;aezd, coK;
nkfde d/;K ftu'I ebkeko nkJ/. fJj jod/t dh ;bkj ;h fe ebkekoK Bz{ p[bk e/ ;kwkB d/
e/ g/IfNzr pDtkT[Dh pVk ;"yk ezw j? s/ ;;sk, ebkeko th y[;a. fJBQK dhnK g/IfNzria yohdD
dk ezw pj[s wfjzrk j?, pj[s jh wfjzrk.
uzvhrVQ dh nkoN r?boh T[Z;o ojh ;h sK jod/t B/ d[BhnK Go d/ d/;aK Bz{ yas fby/
fe ekop{iahJ/ okjhI Gkos d/ Bt/I fte;s ;afjo uzvhrVQ ftu tZvh nkoN r?boh fsnko j' ojh
j?. n;hI jo/e d/; dh b'e-ebk-r?boh pDkT[D dk c?;bk ehsk j?. feogk eoe/ nkgDk c'e
nkoN G/i'. ;w[zdoh ijkiaK okjhI c'e nkoN nkT[Dk F[o{ j'fJnk. ;G s'I gfjbK s/ ;G s'I tZvh
wksok ftu g'b?Iv B/ nkgDk nkoN G/fink. N?r'o fEJ/No ftu nkoiah nkoN r?boh fsnko
ehsh. w[beoki nBzd Bz{ Bkb b? e/ e?o'I ;kfjp e'b frnk fe g'b?Iv dh nkoN r?boh dk
T[dxkNB eoB bJh nkU. T[BQh fdBh nypko gVQ e/ gsk bZrk, g'b?Iv dk fJe tiaho Gkos d/
d"o/ s/ nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. fdZbh nzp?;h ftu c'B ehsk. tiaho dk Ej[ gsk uZb frnk, T[; Bz{
wBk fbnk fe g'fb;a r?boh dk T[dxkNB ;wko'j j' foj?, ps"o w[Zy wfjwkB f;aoes eo'. T[;Bz{
fJj th dZf;nk fe uzvhrVQ T[;koB dh fiazw/tkoh Gkos ;oeko B/ gfjb'I g'fb;a fJwkos;kia Bz{
fdsh ;h i' jkd;krq;s j' frnk. T[;dh w"s pkd b/ ekop{iahJ/ Bz{ fJj ezw ;"fgnk frnk ;h.
wzsoh B/ jK eo fdZsh. T[dxkNB w"e/ jod/t B/ dZf;nk s/ fdykfJnk fe gzikp s/ g'b?Iv dk
c'e nkoN fezBk fwbdk i[bdk j?. t?;/ ;ko/ d/;K d/ c'e nkoN d/ w'fNc fJe d{i/ Bkb fwbd/
fdykJh fdzd/ jB.
g'fb;a wzsoh jod/t dh ebkgoy ns/ e?o'I dh wfjwkfBtkiah s'I pj[s gqGkfts j'fJnk
feT[Ife fJj gq'N'e'b s'I T[go dh rZb ;h fe w[y wzsoh fe;/ wzsoh dk ;tkrs eo/. uzvhrVQ s'I
T[;B/ f;awb/ ikDk ;h s/ shi/ fdB tkg;h ;h. jod/t B/ e?o'I Bz{ fejk- fJ; tiaho dh tkg;h
tes ukj dh dknts gzi"o BK d/ d/JhJ/< e?o'I ;kfjp wzB rJ/. fdB oks gzi"o dh ;ckJh dk
ezw izrh gZXo s/ F[o{ eo fdsk frnk. ;akBdko ;c?d ;kfJnkpkB yzG cVcVkT[D bZr/.
rowi';ah Bkb wzsoh dk ;tkrs j'fJnk. bzwK ;wK jod/t g'fb;a nkoN d/ w'fNcK pkps d;dk
fojk. tiaho B/ jod/t Bz{ fejk- s[;hI g'b?Iv nkT[r/< jod/t B/ fejk- ;d'r/ sK iao{o nktKrk.
fszB wjhB/ pkd g'b?Iv dh ;oeko tb'I c?b'f;ag dh g/;ae;a fwbh, ;Zdk gZso jk;b j'fJnk. fJj
g'fb;a fwT[fianwia dh fBrokBh eoBh s/ B[wkfJ;aK dk gqpzX eoB dh fiazw/tkoh ;h.
T[d'I eoBkb d/ p; nZv/ dhnK fwT{obia dk ezw ni/ nX{ok fgnk ;h. pV/ ebkekoK B/
fviakJhB G/i/, go jod/t d/ wBi{o j'J/ s/ ;Zso jiako o[fgnk fwfbnk. c?;bk ehsk fe fJj
ezw f;o/ ukVQ e/ c/o g'b?Iv ikDr/. eKrV/ s'I ekbhnK ;b/NK wzrtkJhnK. ;zs f;zx ;/y'I dk g?;/
tb'I e[ZM jZE szr ;h. T[;Bz{ ;jkfJsk eoB tk;s/ Bkb obk fbnk s/ 25 gqsh;as fjZ;k d/D dk
c?;bk ehsk.
;qH gqskg f;zx e?o'I dk esb j' frnk. jod/t d/ dcaso ftu ;Nkc, fJe j?vZ eboe,
fJe eboe s/ fJe ;/tkdko ;h. fJj ;wM e/ fe fJj e?o'I dk pzdk j?, fJe fJe eoe/
w[bkiaw tkg; p[bk bJ/. ngD/ fuZmh gZso, y'i fBpzX y[d NkJhg eodk. id'I d/fynk fe fdB-
pfdB wkj"b x[NtK j' fojk j?, fp;sok u[fenk, fdbh g[Zik, fdZbh s'I g'b?Iv ikD dh fsnkoh
ehsh. gfjbK n?w;Novw ngDh d';s d/ xo e[M fdB fojk, T[E'I tko;k frnk. g'b?Iv ftu
r?bohnK d/yD, nkofN;NK Bz{ fwbD dk ezw nozfGnk. g'b?Iv d/ ykD/ ;[nkd Bk brd/. nZe
frnk. fJe fdB fJe ;odko Bz{ iKfdnK d/y e/ tki wkoh. T[j o[fenk, g[ZfSnk eh rZb n? <
jod/t B/ fejk- o'Nh y[nk d/j ngD/ xo. T[j xo b? frnk. jod/t B/ T[; dh phth Bz{
fejk- w?I o;'Jh ftu yb' e/ o'Nh ;pih pDdh d/yDh j?, nkfrnk fwb/rh< T[E/ T[;B/ nkg ykDk
fsnko eoB dh ftXh d/yh s/ f;yh. fJj ;odko Gkosh d{sxo ftu w[bkiaw ;h.
fJe fdB ;akwh fEJ/No ftu vokwk d/yD ubk frnk. gqkJhw fwfB;No th do;aeK ftu p?mk
;h. fJe S'N/ fij/ eZd dk pzdk jkb nzdo nkfJnk, T[;d/ ;[nkrs ftu ;ko/ yVQ/ j' rJ/.
gqXkB wzsoh th.Bkb p?m/ do;ae B/ dZf;nk fe wXo/ eZd dk fJj pzdk vokw/ dk vkfJo?eNo
j?.
fJZE/ ezw eofdnK poZ;a ubkT[IfdnK gSkD pDB bZrh. coK; ns/ ;e?Iv/B/thnB d/;K s'I
;Zd/ nkT[D bZr/. g'b?Iv ftu wkohnk Bkb ikD-gSkD j'Jh i' fj;Noh nkca nkoN gVQkT[Idh ;h.
T[; Bkb ftnkj dh rZb uZbh sK wkohnk B/ fejk- fgsk ih Bz{ g[ZS bT[. T[;d/ gkgk e'b ike/
10
rZb ehsh, T[j w[;eqkfJnk, fejk- ;'u b?. fejk, ;'u fbnk. efjD bZrk fJe fdB j'o ;'uD
ftu eh joia< fJj ysoBke e[Vh n?. nrb/ fdB fco frnk, nkfrnk fwbh. ftnkj s'I pkd
T[;dk Bkw j'fJnk wkohnk pkose' f;zx. d' p/N/ j'J/. tZv/ dk Bkw t?;bkt wodkBk f;zx j? s/
S'N/ dk Bkw u?;bkt pkbk f;zx. t?;bkt wkfJB/ r[D rkT[D tkbk, u?;bkt g'b?Iv dk B'pb
bkohJ/N ;h. u?;bkt pkbk f;zx B/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh d/ ebk GtB ftu fgSbh c/oh ;w/I v/Y
xzN/ dh NkZe fdsh, ;o'fsnK ftu w?I th ;K. T[;B/ fgnkB' ns/ tkfJbB dk tkdB eofdnK
g[oksB gZSwh ;[oK Bkb ;kvh ikD-gSkD eotkJh ;h.
fBZek j[zdk wodkBk f;zx djhI iwk fdzdk sK iw iKdh, j'o fe;/ s'I Bk izwdh. ekoB
g[SD s/ gsk bZrk fe T[j d[X dk eN'ok cfoZi d/ fgSb/ gk;/ T[; voZwh Bkb S[jk e/ oZy
fdzdk fi; ftu nw'BhnK r?; Goh j[zdh n?. cfo} ~ mzYk eoB tk;s/ nw'BhnK uZeo eNdk j?
sK fJj voZwh row j[zdh ofjzdh j?. fJ; d/ ;/e ;dek d[ZX fBZxk ofjD eoe/ djhI iw iKdh.
1968 ftu nkoN r?boh nkca UINkohU e?B/vk s'I S/ wjhB/ bJh ftfiafNzr c?ebNh ti'I
;Zdk fwfbnk. o;s/ dk youk, fNeN nkfde G/i fdsk. fpBk thiak bZrD d/ g[Zi frnk, T[BQK
fdBK ftu :"og s'I e?B/vk nkT[D ikD T[go gkpzdhnK BjhI ;B. ezw eki d/ye/ nr'I gzi ;kb
tk;s/ j'o ezNo?eN eo fbnk. ftzv;o dh nkoN r?boh ftu foiBb vkfJo?eNo nkca nkoN
fB:[es j'fJnk. T[E/ ike/ ;G s'I gfjbK g'b?Iv dh nkoN r?boh dk fBowkD ehsk, c/o fJe
fJe eoe/ eJh d/;K dhnK r?bohnK fdZ;D bZrhnK. d[BhnK d/ nkofN;N tZy tZy d/;K ftu
nkgDhnK nkoN r?bohnK fdykT[Id/ fcod/ ofjzd/ jB, gzikp dhnK uko tZvhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK
nkg; ftu skbw/b eoe/ th ngDhnK r?bohnK o'N/N BjhI eodhnK.
e?B/vk ofjzfdnK nZX nzN/ dh fJe vke{w?INoh pDkJh, d f;Zy;. fJ; Bz{ EK EK fdykfJnk
frnk, g;zd ehsh rJh. fJ; ftu gfjbK r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh pkDh dk ;zd/;a j? c/o wjkokik
oDihs f;zx sZe d/ ekoBkw/ fdykJ/ jB. fdykfJnk fe ;zeN ftu f;Zy eh eod/ jB. GkJh
eBZQJhnk ih T[go g/IfNzria fdykJhnK. tZv/ pzd/ dh w"s tes d/; ngD/ Mzv/ M[ek b?Id/ jB,
dZf;nk fe fB;akB ;kfjp BjhI M[edk, r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ wksw eoB T[go ;EkJh gkpzdh bkJh
j'Jh j?. Gkos ftu nke/ B?;aBb fcbw p'ov Bz{ fejk fe wjZstg{oB ;ay;hnsK Bz{ fJj fcbw
fdykT[. j'oBK do;aeK ftu frnkBh ia?b f;zx ok;aNogsh th ;B. fJ; fcbw d/ nkozG ftu
fbysh ns/ iapkBh fijV/ ;apd doi ehs/ rJ/, T[j jB - Sikhs are a religious
community and a political nation. They are an international minority
community. frnkBh ih B/ y[;a j'e/ fejk - pj[s tXhnk vke{w?INoh. ;akpk;a. fJ; ftu'I
nkozGe bcia @g'bhfNeb B/;aB## jNk fdT[. w?I B?;aBb fcbw p'ov Bz{ ejKrk, yohd b?D. fJBQK
e'b pE/o/ g?;/ B/. jod/t B/ fejk- frnkBh ih s[jkv/ bJh iK B?;aBb fcbw p'ov bJh w?I
vke{w?INoh BjhI pDkJh. w?I gq'c?;aBb c'N'rqkco ns/ nktkiaK wfjzr/ Gkn s/ yohdhnK, fszB fdBK d/
nzdo nzdo phHphH;hH, e?B/vk ns/ nwoheD NhHthH u?BbK B/ fJj yohd bJh s/ bZr/ g?f;nK s'I
fszB r[Dk tXhe t;{b j'J/. j'o b'V Jh BjhI. w?I ikDdk jK w?I nwho nkdwh BjhI, go w?I
rohp th BjhI jK frnkBh ih.
fdZbh, fwjopkB f;zx X{ghJ/ d/ xo GkJh tho f;zx mfjo/ j'J/ ;B. T[E/ ;'Gk f;zx
ngDh gqf;ZX g/IfNzr, r[o{ BkBe d/t, b?e/ nk rJ/. jod/t f;zx w"i{d ;B. gq?;Z dk th ;'Gk
f;zx B/ fJzsiakw eo oZfynk ;h. T[j ukj[zd/ ;B fe g/IfNzr dk x[zv GkJh tho f;zx u[ZeD s/
fco gq;az;k d/ e[M ;apd efjD. GkJh tho f;zx dk tvk Bkw j?, ;' g/IfNzr d[BhnK Go ftu
wB}{o j't/rh. GkJh tho f;zx d/ ;kjwD/ g/IfNzr T[go'I o/;awh godk go/ jNkfJnk frnk. g/IfNzr
d/yD s'I pkd GkJh tho f;zx p'b/- fJ; soK d/ BjhI ;B w/o/ wjkoki, s/ go/ wz{j eo fbnk.
;'Gk f;zx B/ g/IfNzr bg/N bJh s/ r[Z;/ Bkb pkjo fBefbnk.fJe ebkeko T[dk; ik fojk j?,
jod/t f;zx th Bkb pkjo fBeb rJ/. jt/bhUI pkjo ike/ r[Z;/ Bkb ;'Gk f;zx efjD bZr/-
fJ; pzd/ Bz{ G'ok neb BhI. nkoN pVh tZvh uhia n?, fJ; ikjb Bz{ eh gs? fJj w?I eh
pDkfJn?. jod/t f;zx B/ fejk - w?Bz{ sK gs? nkoN eh j[zd?. w?I ikDdK sz{ eh pDkfJn?. sz{
fJe fujok T[bhe e/ T[; T[go nZyK Bor; dhnK fugek fdZshnKaaaaa s/ j'Im wX{pkbk d/ Xoe/
dkjVh pDk fdsh. fJj n? s/oh g/IfNzr r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh.
fJj rZb w?I gq'H G{fgzdo f;zx Bz{ ;[DkJh sK jZ; gJ/, efjD bZr/- vkH w'jB f;zx dhtkBk fejk
eod/ ;B- fJj j? fJe' fJe g/IfNzr fi; Bz{ w?I fpbe[b BjhI d/y ;edk. g?razpo dk ne; fej'
11
fijk j[zdk j? fJ; dk sK ;'Gk f;zx Bz{ eh gsk j'Dk ;h T[; Bz{ sK fJj th gsk BjhI fe fJe
yZsoh d/ B?D Be;a, fujok w[jok fe; soQK dk j[zdk j?.
w?I g[ZfSnk- go b'eK B/ fJ; Bz{ pj[s g;zd ehsk< T[j p'b/ - b'eK ftu dofwnkBk
j[Bo jh gkg{bo j't/rk. d/y' fijVk pzdk ;koh T[wo vokfJzr eodk oj/, T[; dhnK behoK
ftu ;ws'b sK j' Jh ikt/rk. ;'Gk f;zx uzrk vokfJzr wk;No j?, T[; ftu e'Jh nkoN BjhI.
feogkb f;zx th fJ;/ Fq/Dh ftu nkT[Idk j?. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ fijVk ;akjkBk fbpk;
gfjBkT[Id/ jB, fJj T[jh fb pk; j? i' n"ozria/p dk ;h. s[;hI wkJheb J/Iib' dhnK g/IfNzria
d/y'. T[;B/ gfjb'I g[oksB ;fGnsk, fJfsjk;, :j{dh Jh;kJh g?rzapoK Bz{ ikfDnk, tkfunk. fJ;
fgS'I po;a ubkfJnk. r[o{ekb sZe b'e nD;hs/ eZgV/ gfjfBnk eod/ ;B. ;hDk go'Dk sK
w[rbK B/ f;ykfJnk ;h. gfjbh tkoh ;hsk j'fJnk bkiawh gfjfBnk ikD tkbk t;so eSfjok
;h. f;yK ftu nkoN ftef;s j'fJnk jh BjhI. wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ t/b/ s'I b?e/ j[D sZe
f;y, gzikph fusoeko, w[rb nkoN ns/ eKrVk fwBhJ/uo dh ;a?bh tosd/ oj/ jB. ;kok e[M
T[j', p; fujo/ f;Zy BkfJeK d/ pDk fdZs/. eko ;/tk tkfbnK B/ g[okD/ ebkekoK dh ewkJh
T[go e{uh c/o fdZsh. f;Zy u/szB j[zd/ sK jkjkeko Bk wZu iKdh< fJNbh ftu ;zs coKf;;
nf;Z;h dk froik d/y'. j/m T[jh n;b xo j? fi; ftu ;zs ofjzdk ;h. T[;Bz{ T[t/I ;[oZfyns
eoe/ T[go froik pDk fdsk. o'w dh jo/e rbh ftu s[jkBz{ g[oksB fJfsjk;e t;sK ;zGkbhnK
j'JhnK fd; ikDrhnK. gfNnkb/ d/ w'sh wfjb ftu fwBhJ/uo NozeK ftu gJ/ rb oj/ jB,
fe;/ Bz{ gotkj BjhI. pkeh ;{fpnK ftu fJ; soQK dh ngokXe bkgqtkjh BjhI j?. w/o/ e'b fJe
gzikph fwZso nk frnk. w?I fejk - fBnkrok ckb d/yD uZbhJ/< T[j p'fbnk- T[E/ eh n?< w?I
fejk pj[s T[ukJh s'I gkDh j/mK fvrdk j?. T[j jZ; fgnk, efjD bZrk- gkDh sK j/mK fvfrnk
Jh eod?. fJ; ftu d/yD tkbh fejVh rZb < i/ fes/ gkDh j/m'I T[go uVQdk j't/, T[j fdyk
sK wzBk. j/m'I gkDh T[go uVQdk BjhI fdyk ;edk sK th d[yh j'D dh e'Jh rZb BjhI, dko{ b?
nk, gkDh j/m'I T[go uVQdk fd;/rk.
@@fJe i[nkB w/o/ e'b nkfJnk, efjD bZrk- w/o/ pkg{ dh g/IfNzr pDk. w?I fejk- feE/ n?
s/ok pkg{ < T[j p'fbnk- T[j sK wo frn? ed'eDk. w?I g[fSnk- wo rJ/ pzd/ dh s;tho fet/I
pDktK< T[j jZ;e/ efjD bZrk s?Bz{ fJzBk th gsk BhI< w/o/ tork Jh ;h. sz{ fJT[I eo w/oh
s;tho pDk d/, w?I i{ j? nK ni/, dkjVh ekbh Bk eohI pZrh eo d/JhI. fJzBh e[ rZb n? ;koh.
sz{ gjkV ;wM frnk.
@@w?I e'Jh dzd BjhI eYkfJnk. wip{oB nebdkVQ eYtkT[Dh gJh ;h i' w/oh gsBh B/ ngD/
fBZih nikfJp xo ftu oZyh j'Jh j?.
@@w/o/ iBw s'I gfjb'I e'fJN/ ftu G{ukb nkfJnk ;h. e'fJNk pb'fu;skB ftu j?. wK T[E'I fJe
;kb dk fJe :shw pZuk b? nkJh. fJe w[Zds sZe w?Bz{ gsk Bk bZrk fe T[j w/ok ;ek Gok
BjhI. T[;dk Bkw wjKd/t f;zx j?. id'I pkJh ;kb dh T[wo/ T[;dk ftnkj ehsk, w/o/ wkw/ B/
fwbDh ehsh. T[j n?vt'e/N j? s/ ni eZbQ r[o{ BkBe ykb;k ekbi fdZbh dh gqpzXeh ew/Nh dk
gq;ak;e j?. id'I pkjo'I nktK, jtkJh nZv/ T[go T[j w?Bz{ b?D nkT[Id?. fJe tko w?I thj ;kb
pkd nkfJnk. wjKd/t B/ t'dek oZyh j'Jh ;h, fejk eodk ;h jod/t nkJ/rk Bk, t'dek ghnk
eod? T[j. xo g[ZiD s/ fejk- thj ;kb T[vhedh ojh fJj p'sb s?Bz{.
@@ft;eh fJzrb?Iv ftu ghsh iKdh j?, :'og d/ pkeh d/;K ftu b'e t'dek, fiB, pekovh dh
tos'I eod/ jB. gkDh iK ;'vk e'Jh BjhI fwbkT[Idk. gkDh iK ;'v/ dk rbk; Bkb tZyok oZy
b?Id/ B/. w{b t'dek nkb{nK s'I pDdh ;h, g'b?Iv j[D th nkb{nK s'I pDkT[Idk j?. ;kb 1987
ftu tv/ eke/ dk iBw j'fJnk sK Gkosh jkJh efw;aBo B/ pb?e b/pb ikBhtkeo dh g/Nh
G/ih.
@@e?B/vk fJe ;kX nkfJnk i' eko ;/tk eotkT[D bJh w;aj{o j?. w?I T[jBz{ fwbe/ fejk - s[jkBz{
g[okDhnK fJfsjk;e fJwkosK Ykj[DhnK BjhI ukjhdhnK. T[j p'fbnk- eZu/ xo gZe/ eoB bZrk
j'fJnK, fJ; ftu p[okJh eh j?< pVk ;wMkfJnk fe fJj oZy bt', T[;koBk jh j? sK fJe gk;/
BtK r[od[nkok T[;ko bT[. T[; s/ e'Jh n;o Bk j'fJnk. w?Bz{ g[ZfSnk- s[;hI eh eod/ j[zB/ U.
w?I dZf;nk- nkofN;N jK, fusoekoh efonk eodK. ;zs B/ fejk- gzE bJh th e[M eo'. T[;d/
fynkb ftu w/o/ tkbk ezw e'Jh ezw BjhI j?.
12
w/oh :{Bhtof;Nh ftu dhge wBw'jB ns/ nwoihs ro/tkb B/ 26-28 cotoh 2010 Bz{
ft;at gzikph ;?INo okjhI gzikph ekBcoz; eotkJh fi; ftu d' doiD d/;K s'I b/ye g[Zi/.
uzrhnK rZbK ;[DB Bz{ fwbhnK. nkyoh ;?;aB ftu uko nfij/ pzd/ u[D/ rJ/ fiBQK B/ nkgD/
gqGkt iK ;[Mkn d/D/ ;B. fJBQK ftu fJe w?I th ;K. w?I d/fynk fe b/ye ns/ ;o's/ fuzss ;B
fe gzikph dk GftZy yso/ ftu j?. nkgD/ pkeh gqGktK d/ Bkb nkyo ftu w?I jod/t f;zx d/
fJj b\} ;[DkJ/ -@@fi; wzi/ s'I w?I ;[Zsk T[fmnk T[; dk Bw{Bk g{op ftu pfDnK, rZd/ dk
eZgVk eZfsnk s/ p[fDnk wZX J/;ahnk ftu frnk. fijV/ ;bhgo gfjB e/ r[;bykB/ ftu frnk
T[j nwoheD o?vZ fJzvhnBia B/ pDkJ/, w/o/ r[;bykB/ dk ni'ek Bw{Bk s/ toshIdk ;kwkB gZSw
B/ pDkfJnk.
@@fi; e[o;h T[go p?fmnk T[;dh Jhikd dZyDh :'og B/ ehsh, fijVk w?I rkT{B gfjfBnk, ;G s'I
gfjbK J/;ahnB ykBkpd';aK B/ uwV/ dk pDkfJnk ;h s/ fJ; Bz{ ozrD dk sohek fw;ohnK B/
dZf;nk ;h. NkJh eo';ahnk B/ pDkJh s/ fijVh skeh ftu'I w?I pkjo fBrkj wkoh T[; dk ;ah;ak
fw;o ftu pfDnk ;h. Ssoh dZyDh-g{oph J/;ahnBia B/ pDkJh. fijV/ w/t/ Se/ T[j ncohek
JhokB s/ ncrkfB;skB ftu'I nkJ/.
@@nypko yohdD bJh i/p ftu'I fijVk f;ek NN'b fojk jK T[; dh ekY fbvhnk B/ eZYh.
po/eck;N tk;s/ gb/N u[eh T[j uhB B/ pDkJh, S[oh dh Xks dZyDh GkoshnK B/ fsnko ehsh,
eKNk fJNkbhnBK B/, uwuk o'wBK B/ pDkfJnk ;h. gF{nK Bz{ gkbs{ pDkT[D s/ XkoK u'D dk
sohek g[oksB fjzd[;skBhnK B/ f;ykfJnk. gzSh gkb e/ nzv/ gqkgs eoB dk fotki g{oph J/;ahnk
ftu F[o{ j'fJnk.
@@g[m/ nZyo gZEo T[go ;kwhnK B/ pDkJ/, fi; ekria T[go Sg/ T[j uhBhnK B/ fsnko ehsk s/
fJBQK Bz{ SkgD dh w;ahB iowBK B/ pDkJh. ykD-ghD gfjBD fgS'I fit/I w?I oZp dk F[eokBk
eodk jK tZy-tZy p'bhnK ftu ;ko/ d/;aK ftu fJ;/ soQK F[eokBk ehsk iKdk j?. c/o th w?I
dkntk eodk jK fe w?I gzikph jK s/ gzikph ojKrk.
w?I g[fSnk- s[jkvh ebk T[go fe; dk n;o fgnk< T[BkQ B/ fejk - w?Bz{ sK fJj d/ pko/
pj[sk gsk BjhI go ebk nkb'ueK B/ w?Bz{ fejk fe s/ok j[Bo ;arkb s'I gqGkfts j?. o{;h
nkofN;N ;arkb (Chagal) :j{dh ;h s/ g?fo; ftu ofj fojk ;h. w?I T[;Bz{ g[ZfSnk- b'e nkyd/
jB w/ok nkoN s[jkE'I gqGkfts j?, fJj fezBh e[ ;jh rZb j?< ;arkb B/ fejk- w?Bz{ fJT[I brd?,
fit/I w?I o;ahnB nkJheBia s'I gqGkfts jK T[t/I sz{ J/;ahnB fwBhJ/uo s'I gqGkfts j?I. nkJheB ns/
fwBhJ/uo ftu p[fBnkdh ;KM j?. ;arkb B/ fJiaokJhb dhnK fJwkosK T[go fijVhnK g/IfNzria
pDkJhnK T[jBK Bz{ vohwia ;NkJhb efjzd/ jB. j/mK ft;akb b?Iv;e/g j? T[go n;wkB ftu gzSh
T[v oj/ jB. w/ohnK ;kY/ fszB ;" vqkfJzria ftu d[BhnK dhnK ;G e"wK d/ goSkt/I fwbd/ jB.
jo/e e"w d/ e[M f;zpb j[zd/ jB. ;kT{E ncohek ftu o"bk g? frnk ;h fe uou d/ fgStkV/
w?v'Bk nkfJnk eodh j?, Lady with a child, tk;st ftu fJwkosK d/ goSkftnK d/ ;[w/b s'I
pfDnK fJj fJe goSktK ;h i' brdk fJt/I ;h fit/I n"os B/ pZuk u[fenk j'fJnk j't/. ukj/
f;zx ;Gk d/ w'ou/ j[zd/, ukj/ 1984 dk dopko ;kfjp T[go jwbk, f;Zy id'I ;zeN ftu j'D
T[d'I T[BQK Bz{ pkia fdykJh fdzdk j?. w/ohnK vqkfJzria ftu pkia dk dyb pj[s j?, tX/oh tko
pkia iaywh j?. T[go ft;akb nkek;a - j/mK ft;akb w?dkB, ftueko T[vdk iKdk iywh pkia. fJt/I
jh ski, fB;akB ;kfjp s/ s[od/ iKd/ T[iV/ ekcb/, w/oh e?Bt; T[go ;fji ;[Gkn T[sod/ iKd/
jB.
@@w?I d; g/IfNzria pDkJhnK i' @@w/oh ;/iVhJ/ nkvzpo pfDnK,## ;apd dhnK gzeshnK T[go
nkXkfos jB. fJBQK dk fJe fJe ;?ZN d[BhnK d/ jo/e tZv/ nikfJpxo ftu fgnk j?. d{ik ;?ZN
w?I pkoK wKj s/ fsnko ehsk j? feT[Ife jo wjhB/ dk tyok gqGkt j?. w?I okr wkbk T[go th
;?NZ fsnko eo fbnk j?. T[j s[jkvh :{Bhtof;Nh d/ vkH r[oBkw f;zx Bz{ r[owfs ;zrhs ftGkr
tk;s/ d/e/ iktKrk. w?Bz{ r[oGrs f;zx B/ fejk fe d;wrqzE ftubh ;a;so Bkwwkbk T[go ;?ZN
pDktK. w?I fJj pkDh gVQh. fJ; ftub/ F;soK d/ BK gVQ e/ w/o/ s'I y{p;{os nkoN nkGk dh
f;oiDk BjhI j'Jh. ;' fJj ezw eo BjhI j'fJnk. f;Zy oki t/b/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB dhnK fijVhnK
g/IfNzria pDhnK, T[j g{opb/ ntskoK dk osk e[ o{g pdb e/ pDkJhnK j'JhnK jB.
@@ebrh, pkia, x'Vk nkfde f;yK dhnK Xkofwe fB;akBhnK jB i' r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ fuzBQ
jB p/;ae fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu gzi fgzvK dk wkbe ebrh ;ik b?Idk ;h. pkia s/ x'V/ d/ F[ehB
13
sK jo :[r ftu fwb iKd/ jB, nZi th. fw;o d/ cokT{B, o{; d/ iako ns/ JhokB d/ pkd;akj
dk fuzBQ th pkia j?. g'b?Iv d/ x'V/ ;koh d[BhnK ftu ;G s'I ;[jD/ wzB/ rJ/ jB, bkb, ;c?d,
ekb/, Bhb/, Eoed/ fi;w.
;z;ko, fszB wzB/ rJ/ jB, gskb b'e, wksb'e, nek;a b'e. gskb dk wkbe cBhno j?, Xosh
dk wkbe ;a/o ns/ nkek;a dk wkbe pkia. fJt/I jh gZEoK ftu'I pb"o, XksK ftu'I ;'Bk, wDfenK
ftu wkDe(amber), T[t/I wB[ZyK ftu'I i'rh Bz{ Fq'wDh wzfBnk frnk j?.
@@s[;hI » ftub/ J/e/ dh dko;afBe ftnkfynk tk;s/ rqzE fbyh ikU, w?Bz{ brdk j? É r[o{
BkBe d/t ih dh T[Irb j?. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih tork T[dkofus g?rzpo ;z;ko ftu feE'I
fwb/rk< T[BQK d/ Bef;aedwK d/ ubfdnK f;ZyK B/ fijV/ r[od[nko/ pDkJ/ T[BQK dk r[zpd fJ;bkw
dk j? s/ eztb dk c[Zb t?fde gozgok dk. ekohro sK T[jh ;B Bk g[okD/, T[BQK Bz{ BthI ;/X
fwbh. ozr, w[;bwkB ekohro pDkT[Id/ ;B, j'bh fjzd{ f;Zy y/vd/. feq;aB ih dh ok;bhbk
dhnK MbehnK eZYhnK iKdhnK sK T[BQK d/ fbpk; w[;bwkB doih fviakJhB eod/ s/ f;T[Id/.
fjzd{nK d/ sK @@;qh GrtkB ih BzrwBzr/## j'fJnk eod/ ;B. fJBQK ;z:[es ebuoK Bz{ ;wMD
ns/ fgnko eoB s'I pr?o Gkosh nkoN f;jstzd BjhI j't/rk.
@@eJh pzfdnK s'I ;[fDnK - fJjd/ pko/ ;wMk, fJj g/IfNzr eh efjzdh j?. w?I fejk eodK - fJjB/
efjDk eh j? ftukoh B/< fJj sK f;oca fd; ojh j? feT[Ife fd; ;edh j? e/tb, p'b BjhI
;edh. nkofN;N dftzdo rbshnK eodk j?. r[o{ BkBe d/t t?;ky wjhB/ pkps fby oj/ jB
- ;kyk t/; eo/HHH Gkt o[ZyK dhnK NkjDhnK B/ BtK fbpk; gfjB fbnk j?. dftzdo B/ fJ;
gzesh Bkb n"os f;azrko eodh fdykJh j? id'I fe r[o{ ih dk fJj Gkt j? Jh BjhI. T[j sK
e[dos d/ fbpk; dh ejkDh gk oj/ jB. fit/I fdq;a, ;apd bJh BjhI pfDnk, T[;/ soQK ;apd,
fdq;a bJh BjhI j?. s;tho ftu'I ejkDh Bk bG'. gzikph fdq;a-w{be nkoN ftu'I pkjo BjhI
fBeb ;e/. n"os ns/ pZeoh dh s;tho pDk d/Dr/, fJj dZ;D bJh fe n"os pZeoh j? pZ;.
nkoN ;e{bK ftu rVpV j?, w"fbesk BjhI, T[vkD BjhI. w/ok nkoN ;z;ko B/ gqtkB ehsk j?.
gzikph fusoeko ejkDhnK gkT[D' BjhI jNd/. ;zrhs Bz{ ;apdK s'I pr?o ;[szso wzfBnk frnk fe
BjhI< fe;/ B/ edh fJ; rZb s/ fJsokia ehsk< fit/I ;zrhs bciaK dk w[Eki BjhI, fJ;/ soQK
nkoN Bz{ iapkB d/D dh iao{os BjhI. N?r'o Bz{ fe;/ B/ g[ZfSnk- fJj eh pDkfJn? < T[so
fwfbnk- fd;dk BjhI < i/ s?Bz{ fd; BjhI fojk sK w?Bz{ ;[D BjhI fojk.
@@w?Bz{ id'I e'Jh g[ZSd?- sz{ g/IfNzr fezB/ e[ ;w/I ftu eo b?B?< w?I fejk eodK- gzi jiako ;kb xZN'
xZN ukjhd/ B/ go gzi bZy ;kb th bZr ;ed/ B/. g[oksB s'I g[oksB d/fynk fuZso, w{osh w/o/
ezw nkT[Id/ jB, T[j w/o/ fiajB ftu foekofvv jB. eh s[;hI rK d/ d[X ftu'I xkj, tV/t/I ns/
T[;dk y{B tZy tZy d/y ;ed/ j' iK tZy tZy eo ;ed/ j'< n"os wod d/ ;zG'r dk nB[Gt,
pZuk izwD d/ nB[Gt tork fpbe[b BjhI, p/;ae j? fJj T[;/ dk f;ZNk.
@@w?I y[;zts f;zx Bz{ fejk- sz{ fbfynk ;h f;Zy 50 ;kb ftu ysw j' ikDr/. feXo rJh s/oh
GftZy pkDh<
y[;tzs jZ; fgnk, fejk- rbsh feE/ j'Jh< fdyk sK w?Bz{ f;y e'Jh.ysw n? f;bf;bk ;G.
jod/t B/ fJj rZb nkgDh gsBh Bz{ dZ;h. T[j p'bh- w?I f;yK pko/ b/y fbyKrh, f;yK d/ gVQB
tk;s/. wkohnk B/ fijVk b/y fbfynk T[; dh nkyoh gzesh fJj ;h, @@ eZ}ke gVQd/ BjhI.
fJBQK dk ;akBdko fJfsjk; f;ZyK tork j?. nBgVQ j'D eoe/ eZ}ke j[D ysw j' oj/ jB, fJBQK
Bz{ wofdnK d/ye/ f;yK Bz{ puD dk :sB eoBk ukjhdk j?.## fijV/ g'b oFhnk ftu t; rJ/
T[BQK ~ T[E/ eZ}ke fejk frnk. eZ}keK B/ pjkdoh Go/ ekoBkw/ ehs//, gzdothI s'I nmkjothI ;dh
sZe o{; d/ ftFkb fJbke/ cfsj eoe/ oki eod/ oj/. T[BQK dk oki g'b?Iv, o{; ns/ :{eo/B
T[go fojk. T[BQK B/ p'fXe ftek; tZb ed/ fXnkB BjhI fdZsk fi; ekoB ysw j' rJ/. j[D
fcbwK ns/ nikfJpxoK ftu gJ/ fuZsoK s'I fpBK fJBQK dk j'o feXo/ fBFkB BjhI.
@@okw fezeo dk xo S'Nk ;h p[Zs tXhe ;B, sK th pDkT[D' BK jNdk, e'Jh fte/ Bk fte/,
e'Jh gotkj BjhI. oZyD Bz{ EK Bk pudh sK N'J/ g[ZN g[N Xosh ftu dZph iKdk fe r[zw Bk j'
ikD fes/. fejk eodk - gzi d; jiako ;kb pkd y[dkJhnK ftu'I nkg/ bZG b?Dr/ g[oky'ih,
j?okB j'fJnk eoBr/ fe fJzBh T[ue'Nh dh ebk ojh j? fjzd[;skB ftu edh. fJzBk fJBkw ekcah
BjhI jod/t< pzd/ Bz{ bkbu BjhI eoBk ukjhdk.
14
w?I g[ZfSnk- vkH ozXktk Bz{ nkyoh tko ed'I fwb/< jT[ek b?e/ efjD bZr/- i{B 1984 ftu. okshI
T[BQK d/ xo ;[Zsk. ;t/o/ c"i fco ojh ;h u[c/o/. n?bkB j' oj/ ;B fe eofcT{ bZr frnk j?,
e'Jh pkjo Bk fBeb/. w?I fejk, ozXktk ;kfjp, fJj e[Zsg[Dk fezBk fuo oj/rk eh gsk. w?Bz{ d/;'I
pkjo eZYD dk gqpzX eo'. T[BQK B/ fe;/ Bz{ c'B ehsk. c"ihnK dh ihg nk rJh. w?Bz{ ihg ftu
fpmk e/ B/gkb dk pkovo gko eok rJ/. T[E'I w?I e?B/vk g[Zik. nkgq/;aB pb{;Nko dh ypo ;[De/
ykbh nZyK, ykbh GktBktK Bkb ozXktk ;kfjp d{o d/yd/ oj/, d/o se. .
T[j eth j?, fJ;dk w?Bz{ gsk BjhI ;h, T[d'I gsk bZrk id'I eftsk dhnK d' feskpK dk w?Bz{
s[jck fwfbnk. gfjbh ftu fJe gk;/ yZp/ eftsk j?, ;Zi/ vokfJzr j?, eftsk ns/ vokfJzr d'jK
dk nkg; ftu e'Jh ;zi'r bZGD tkbk w{oy j?.
T[;skd pV/ r[bkw nbh ykB u[g ofjzd/ ;B, tXhe rZbK BjhI efonk eod/ ;B. fejk eod/-
pzd f;Zgh j' ikU. w'sh pD ikD sZe iapkB Bk y'jb'. jotbG ;zrhs ;zw/bB j[zdk, id'I w?I
fJzvhnk j[zdk, fszB/ fdB ;[Ddk. oth ;azeo b'eK bJh, tbkfJs yK nkgD/ nkg bJh f;sko
tkdB eodk.
f;at e[wko bzdB iKdk sK jod/t e'b o[edk. jod/t cokb/ nkfJnk j[zdk, sK f;at e[wko xo
nk iKdk. eJh tko jod/t dh r?o jkiaoh ftu th f;at cokb/ ubk iKdk sK wK y[;a j[zdh.
nkydh, dko{ dk fJzsikw eo fdnKr/ go gfjbK o'Nh ykj. fgS'I sz{ o'Nh Bh yKdk. fJ; soQK
sK wo ikt/Irk sz{. w?I Bh dko{ ghD d/Dh o'Nh ykD s'I gfjbK, r'o/ T[Xo J/; soQK Jh eod/ B/
pJh gfjb'I o'Nh ykU c/o i' woiah ghId/ fco'.
1972 ftu thDk ;aowk (j[D thDk dZs) bzvB o/vhU n?BkT{I;o ;h. T[;dk c'B nkfJnk - jod/t
n;hI o/;awk bZG bJh n?. nk ik. fJE/ ;kjwD/ p?m e/ ;[D. o/vhU sK ;kok ijkB ;[Dd?.
gq'rokw ysw j'fJnk sK thDk B/ w?Bz{ fJ; rkfJB dh N/g th foekov eoe/ fdsh.
fJ;/ ;kb f;at e[wko bzdB frnk. jod/t T[;d/ w/iapkB dk xo bZG e/ fwbD frnk. gfotko
B/ fejk- ni/ ;[s/ gJ/ B/. jod/t B/ fejk- w?I irkT[Bk j[D/ T[jBz{. ;[Zs/ Bz{ T[mkfJnk sK T[j
p'fbnk- skfJnk sz{ fet/I nk frnk fJE/ < yb'ik. s/o/ Bkb rZb eoB i'rk j'iK. p'sb wz{j Bz{
bk bJh ;t/o ;ko. fco efjD bZrk- ;akwh ftnkj s/ ;Zdk nkfJn? nZi. sz{ Bkb uZbhI. dko{
ghnKr/. ;wMkT[D dk e'Jh n;o BjhI ;h. . jod/t Bz{ efjD bZrk- fJj s/ok ykeh o/;aw dk
e[Vsk ;[jD?, fJj w?Bz{ d/ d/j. jod/t B/ d/ fdsk. T[;B/ ngDh BthI nueB jod/t Bz{ d/
fdsh. j[D th T[jdh nueB jod/t e'b fB;akBh gJh j?. ftnkj tkfbnK B/ rhs ;[BkT[D bJh
dknts fdsh. ;N/i s/ uVQ e/ rhs rkJh frnk, g"Iv cVh frnk. fgS'I jod/t B/ fejk- sz{
;akBdko ;akfJo n?I, J/; soQK ezioK tKr g?;/ cVdk uzrk Bh brdk. jZ; fgnk, efjD bZrk-
dko{ ghnKr/. nrb/ ;kb 1973 ftu T[;dh fiazdrkBh dh y/v yasw.
jod/t N'oKN' ubk frnk. d; ;kb pkd o/;awk N'oKN' nkJh. jod/t T[;Bz{ ;[DB g[Zi
frnk, fgS/ ik p?mk. o/;awk B/ ;N/i s'I tki wkoh- jod/t GkJh, fJXo nk, w/o/ ;kjwD/ p?m..
Jh;ato fusqeko pko/ fejk- T[j g/INo th ;h ;akfJo th, go T[j d'tK ftu'I e'Jh th BjhI ;h.
d/y' T[;dh ;akfJoh xVh j'Jh j?-
d[BhnK @u ;dk fJ; soQK eJhnK dh fiazdrh ojh.
towh @u Bkr dh fit/I e'Jh fuVh ojh.
d/Idh j? :kd fdbpoh J/dK jo/e sKx Bz{,
bkNK dh ihG s/ fit/I g?Idh eDh eDh ojh.
fJ;/ soK skok f;zx dh ekohroh j? -
eh e'Jh wkD eo/ ihtB dk eh e'Jh rZb bwekJ/.
fgnko s/ok J/Bk fuo fwfbnk
fiT[I Eb G[id/ f;yo d[gfjoh
fJe o/s feDe/ d/ T[s'I, ne eeVh dk T[vdk czGk
gb fSD SK eo ikJ/.
wh;ak, jod/t Bz{ uzrk eth brdk j?. T[;dh fJj eftsk ;[DkJh -
fMiedk w?I th fojk, T[j th pj[s ;zrd/ oj/.
15
u[g u[ghs/ fJe d{i/ dh ya?o ;[Zy wzrd/ oj/.
oKMk i'rh j' frnk sK j' rJhnK wZMhnK T[dk;
T[Ii sK T[;/ soK jh ozr Yzr Mzr d/ oj/.
wh;a/ d/ j'o f;ano d/y'-
nZXh oks gfjo d/ sVe/$nZyK ftu T[BhIdk oVe/$ s/oh X{V th ;[ow/ torh, ;ZiDk d/ fgzv
iKdhJ/ ;Ve/$ T[j i' s?E'I efj Bk j'Jh$ T[j w/o/ th ih ftu oVe/$ f;yo d[gfjo/ fvfrnk
okjh ngD/ goSkt/I ftu nVe/$ b'n jh b'n ;h, ;/e BjhI ;h, d/y fbnk w?I i[rBz{ cVe/$ ih
Bk eodk c/o fwbD Bz{, nk ftSVhJ/ J/dK bVe/.
jZ; e/ efjD bZrk- gzB{ ;kfjp w/ohnK eftsktK Bz{ s[;hI petk; efje/ ;[ZN fdT[ sK th eh
j'fJnk. w/oh gsBh fJBQK Bz{ pkiarokBhnK nkydh j?, fJj g'fb;a bcia j? fi;d/ wkfJB/ jB
x[uw[uhJ/, x'o xzv/. mhe j?, w/ohnK eftsktK y's/ dh jhIu{ jhIu{ ;jh go y'sk ngDh w"i ftu
jhIuz{ jhIuz{ eodk j?, s[;hI vzv/ wkoe/ T[; d/ w{j'I jhIu{z{ BjhI eYtk ;ed/.
jod/t d/ dzd fJ; T[wo ftu g[o/ pZsh jB s/ fbFed/ jB. d/; nkJ/ sK fBzw dhnk nm d;
doiD dksDK b? iKdk j?, cqh}o ftu oZy fdzd/. jo ;t/o fBek fijk N'Nk eZN e/ tos b?Id/.
pkbk f;zx dh wk;h dzdK dh vkeNo j?. T[;B/ jod/t d/ dzd u?e eoe/ fejk- fe;/ vkeNo ~
dzd Bk fdykJhI gq'c?;o. yokp eo d/Dr/. fJj' fij/ dzd fe;/ fe;ws tkb/ d/ j[zd/ jB. jZ;dk
j? sk w'shnK dh bVh fbFedh j?.
aa @@fJe fwso dk wjhBk e[ gfjbK c'B nkfJnk- d; gzi p/bh nk oj/ B/ ;akwh. sz{ th nkik.
dko{ ghnKr/, fJE/ N'oKN' ftu jh. S/ ;Zs r'o/ ;B pkeh fJzvhnB. rZbK s[ohnK. w/o/ w/iapkB B/
r'o/ d';sK Bz{ g[ZfSnk fe eh ed/ fjzd[;skB rJ/< ikB BK dk r'ok efjzdk - fJe tko frnk ;K
fJzvhnk 1950 ftu. fjZb ;N/;aB ;h e'Jh BkoE ftu. w?Bz{ c{v g[nkfJiaB fJj' fijk j'fJnk fe
wo uZfbnk ;K. w[V e/ T[Xo wz{j BjhI ehsk edh. jod/t B/ g[ZfSnk- NkZw dk eh jkb n?<
feE/ n? T[j< r'ok g[SD bZrk- Nkw< fejVk NkZw< jod/t B/ fejk- fijVk s/o/ Bkb f;wb/
frnk ;h. ikB B/ fejk- sz{ T[jBz{ fet/I ikDd?I< jod/t B/ fejk- w?I jod/t nK. w?I Jh sK s?Bz{
wkw/ d/ j;gskb ftu b?e/ frnk ;K. T[j yVk j' frnk, nZyK s/ jZE oZy e/ d/o sZe
fBnkfDnK tKr o'Idk fojk. c/o iZch gkJh, d/o sZe g[okDhnK rZbK ehshnK. c/o ftSVB t/b/
jZ; e/ efjD bZrk- s/o/ Bkb w?I ik ;edK fJzvhnk.
T[;dh fbys dk Bw{Bk d/y' L ;okD/Q s/ eZfYnk bkb u[zM tkbk s'sk$x'yh pD e/ ;G e[M d/yh
iKdk$;e{b ftu n;hI gkbK ftu Xosh u'I T[r/ ikgd/. fybo/ ekria g'uhnK cZNhnK$ fgzv dh
;[rzX wkDd/$SZgV ftu jZE xu'b$gzShnK tKr T[vkohnK bkT[Id/. xohI gosd/. wzih s/ p?mk
pkpk p'bdk$ T[J/ id'I e[VhnK fuVhnK tZvhnK j' iKdhnK B/$ eYkJh tkb/ Ms's/$ T[BQK dhnK
nZyK ftu ;w' iKd/ B/$ fwNh dh wfje r"D brdh j?$ nkgDhnK nZyK dk ozr e[VhnK fwor
ftu Go fdzdhnK B/ $Gkd'I o[Zs/ id'I eK pzd/ dk o{g Xko b?Id/$ eYkJh tkbk s'sk p'bD brdk.
fJj bzwh eftsk ;zy j?. f;ZghnK fBehnK fBehnK eftsktK ns/ N{eK jB. tzBrh-
- y/v oj/ d' pu/ pj[s y[;a jB$ fJe pj[s wfjzr/ fyv"D/ Bkb$ d{ik T[; vp/ Bkb$ fi; ftu
fyv"Dk nkfJnk ;h.
- nzpo s/ xNk uVQh n"Idh d/yh$ xo'I fBeb s[oBk$ fGi e/ tkg; gosDk s/ efjDk - MyV
ftu c; frnk ;K.
- fwZNh BjhI w?I ;[nkj j'Dk ukj[zdk jK$ ;[nkj irwrk e/, Gye/ p[Mh j[zdh j?$ fNwedk skok
BjhI$ w?I N[Nd/ sko/ dh p'dh pDBk ukj[zdk jK.
- i/ fJe tkoh fco ihtB fwb/$ sK pj[sk ;[DKrk$ xZN p'bKrk$ xo ;kca Bk j't/ sK th
d';sK Bz{ nkT[D fdnKrk$ ybkok g?D s'I BjhI voKrk$ N?bhftiaB xZN, fizadrh pj[sh d/yKrk$
fpwko Bk j'D s/ th nkokw eoKrk$ N[ND tkbhnK uhiaK th yohdKrk$ e'Jh pZuk w/o/ Bkb
y/vDk ukj/$ edh BKj BjhI eoKrk.
- i/ f;oca T[j gzSh rkT[D$ i' tXhnk ;[ohbk rkT[Id/ jB$ sK izrb ;[B;kB j't/rk.
- Uj fdB T[dk; j't/rk fi; ftu ;{M s'I fpBk frnkB$ tfvnkJh s'I fpBk ;fGnsk$ fgnko s'I
;ZyDk ;[jZgD$ iiap/ s'I ofjs ;Zu$ s/ ofjw s'I ykbh ;ukJh.
- Gkb eoe/$ gqkgs ehsh ikDekoh :kd oj/rh$ ;G e[M nkg/ dZ; fdT[ sK xVh fgS'I ft;Zo
ikJ/rk.
16
- id Xow Bz{ dbhb Bkb mhe ;kps eod/ jK sK ;kv/ ;Zu s/ ;kv/ oZp ftu e'Jh ;"d/pkiah
j'D brdh j?.
- fe;/ tk;s/ e[M eoB Bkb ;zs[;aNh fJ; bJh j[zdh j? fe n;hI Beko/ BjhI jK.
- wfjwkBk fo;as/dkoK Bz{ fizBk woiah fgnko eohJ/, T[BQK d/ ikD pkd fwZmh ;aKsh B;hp j[zdh j?.
- e[dos ftjbh j?, e/tb wB[Zy ezw eodk j?. 12H uzrh ebk ;fji/ T[gidh j?, Bdh d/ t/r
iK sodh j'Jh pZdbh tKr, wB[yh whBkekoh s'I ofjs.
- pr?o ;'uD s'I u"e; ofjDk$ Mhb d/ w'B tKr$ w/ok Nhuk j?.
- t;s{ nkgD/ fJeZb/gD Bz{ fsnkr e/$ fJeZmh j' e/ tZvh pDdh j?. fjZ;k nkg r[nk e/$ g{oB
o{g pDdk j?.
- pj[frDsh Bkb fisD tkb/ Bz{ ;'uDk ukjhdk j? fe ;ko/ w{oy jh fes/ T[; tb sK BjhI <
- wB[y nkgDh p[Xh Bkb ;G ek;/ Bz{ f;azrkoBk ukj[zdk j? fit/I e[dos T{Dh j't/$ e/; eZND,
o[Zy sok;aD, ;{os ftrkVB Bz{ ;[ji ;wMdk j?$ tksktoB dk ;zeN fJj' j?.
- id'I s'I getkB gZeD dk ezw F[o{ j'fJnk j?, n;hI b'V s'I d{Dk yKd/ jK$ w/o/ b'eK Bz{ dtkJh
s/ ykDghD d/ gdkoEK ftu e'Jh nzso BjhI brdk$ w/oh ;fGnsk ftu fJbki ykD ghD Bkb
jh ehsk iKdk j?/$ dkbK, ;piahnK w;kb/ s/ iVhnK p{NhnK ;kvhnK dtkJhnK jB.
- iBrDBk tXD Bkb, uhiK$ dk pj[sk Gkn skoB Bkb, ;zfynk dk wjZst pdb frnk j?.
d[oxNBk ftu jiakoK w"sK dh ypo Bk fwb/ sK brdk j? e'Jh xNBk j'Jh jh BjhI.
- ft;atk; T[;Bz{ efjzd/ jB fi; pkps pfj; sK eh fiaeo se Bk ehsk ikt/.
- d';s ykw';a ofjzdk j?. Bk ikDBk ukj[zdk j?, Bk fJbki d;dk j? p; Bkb yVQdk j?- jo/e
w;b/ s/.
- o[Zy s/ uVQB bJh NkjD/ cVB/ g?Id/ jB, c[ZbK s/ eo[zpbK Bz{ BjhI cVhdk.
- Xo'j o/s/ s/ fby', feogkbsk Bz{ gZEo s/ T[eo'.
@@w/ok wkwk ;kb ftu d' fszB tko d/;h fxT[ dh ghgh s/ eZYh dko{ b? e/ fdbh nkT[Idk.
fijVh ykeh d' e[ fbNo dh b'j/ dh p'sb gkDh tk;s/ c"ihnK e'b j[zdh n?, T[; ftu dko{ Goh
j[zdh. w?I g[Sdk i/ o;s/ ftu cfVnk ikt/I c/o< T[j nkydk- w?I MekBh fijh d/e/ o/b dh fe;/
j'o e[zvh ftu fJjBz{ bNek e/ d{o p?mk fJjd/ tZb d/ydk ofjzBk. i/ sK e'Jh w[;kco jZE
gkJ/rk c/o w?I T[jBz{ s[os dp'u bT{Irk. i/ g[b; B/ u[Ze bJh - c/o fe;/ Bz{ gsk Jh Bh
bZrDk fJj fe;dh n?. dko{, fbnkT[Idk w/o/ tk;s/ ;h go w/o/ e'b eJh fdB ofjzdk, id'I w[Ze
iKdh T[d'I tkg; fgzv iKdk. i?g[o jkT{; ftu p/F[wko r[bkp ;B. pjko dh o[Zs ;h. fJe fdB
oks Bz{ wkwk T[fmnk. ;ko/ c[Zb s'V fbnkfJnk, d' ukdoK T[go ftSkJ/ gJ/. ;t/o ;ko wkbh
uhe fujkVk gkT[D bZrk fe gsk BjhI e"D ezpys ;kok prhuk T[ikV frn?. w?I g[ZfSnk- wkwk
fJj eh ehsk sz{< T[; B/ fejk- s/o/ bJh r[bezd pDtk e/ fbnkT{Irk. fJE/ bZr/ ofjzd/ yokp
jh j'D/ ;B. j[D fe;/ ezw sK nk ikDr/. yzx i[ekw s'I pukn j' frn? GkDi/ s/ok. fJBQK Bz{
d/y d/y fejVk oZi j' ikDk ;h. @@wkwk id'I nkydk- p[bzd j' ikU, sK n;hI ;wM iKd/ fJjdk
dko{ ghD dk NkJhw j' frn?. ;odhnK dh o[s/ sK T[j SzB/ ftu wZeh dh p/jh o'Nh d/ N[eV/
;aokp Bkb fGT[I e/ yKdk. i/ T[jBz{ e'Jh nky fdzdk fe nzdo tV e/ gh fbnk eo, ;G d/
;kjwD/ rbk; feT[I u[eh fcod?I, sK T[j T[so fdzdk- w?I fpwko nK< w?II e'Jh dtkJh ykBK< fi;B/
fpwkoh S[gkT[Dh j't/ T[j nzdo tV e/ ghD. w/I f;jstzd nK jkb/. id'I ftdk j[zdk sK ;Zs/
wkw/ woiah nB[;ko g?;/ fdzd/. fJj wkwk th. Go c/o nkydk- GkDi/ Bz{ T[E/ E'VQh e[ d{o sZe,
rZvh uVQkT[D sZe SZv e/ nkT[Bk. fJ; bJh nfijk eodk feT[Ife T[jB/ w?Bz{ j'o g?;/ d/D/ j[zd/.
pkg{ dk ;[GkU[ r[;?bk ;h, okshI d/o Bkb nkT[Idk sK wK g[Sdh- ftjV/ dk dotkiak pzd eoe/
nzdo'I e[zvh bk fdZsh ;h< T[j T[so fdzdk- BjhI. gF{nK d/ oZ;/ y'jb e/ dotkik th y'jb
nkfJnK. ikj bZG fbnk.
@@;akfJo vkH jfoGiB f;zx w/o/ fwZso ;B. e?B/vk w/o/ xo g[Zi/. dotkiak bzxfdnK ;kjwD/ tkbh
ezX T[go w/oh g/IfNzr bNeh j'Jh ;h. T[; gk;/ oZy/ ;'c/ T[go p?m e/ bZsK fB;kb bJhnK. w?I
nkfJnk sK f;o T[go'I dh fgS/ ezX tZb nzr{mk eoe/ efjzd/ - fd; fJia wkotb; g/IfNzr. w?I
fejk- fd; fJia B' t/ N{ n?gohf;aJ/N nkoN.
17
@@nzfwqs;o, ;w/s ;ko/ sysK s/ id'I ;zrs Bz{ ;a;so-do;aB eotkT[Id/ jB T[d'I Bkb' Bkb eZu/
o/;aw Bkb T[BQK Bz{ ;kca eod/ jB. w?I ew/Nh d/ gqXkB sZe, ;G Bz{ dZf;nk j'fJn? fe eZuk o/;aw
fJ; c"bkd tk;s/ jkBhekoe j?, ;{sh eZgVk ;G s'I tXhnk j[zd?, fe;/ B/ rZb BjhI r"bh. j[D
se fJj' e[M eoh iKd/ B/.
@@gzikp d/ b'e g[;as?Bh fyvkoh jB. fJBQK Bz{ T[j y/v uzrh BjhI brdh fi; ftu y/v dk
;kwkB yohdD dh w[Ekirh j't/. fJj nkgDk ;kwkB y[d pDkT[Id/ s/ y/vd/. fyZd' nkg wVQd/ s/
yz{vhnK y[d doys s'I tYd/. r[Zbh nkg xV b?Id/, r[Zbh vzvk y/vd/. d"VK, SkbK, e[;ashnK s/
epZvh ftu fe;/ ;kwkB dh iao{os jh BjhI g?Idh. fJj' fJBQK dhnK wBg;zd y/vK ;B.
@@s[;hI d/fynk j'Dk gzB{ ;kfjp, eJh pzd/ nfij/ fwbDr/ fijV/ p/Fe fe;/ w;b/ s/ rZb eoB
dk w"ek j't/, T[j T[jh rZbK eoBr/ fijVhnK T[BQK ~ nkTI[dhnk jB s/ gfjbK eo u[e/ jB.
w?I fJj' fij/ GkFD ~ epZvh w?u fejk eodK. w/ok iwksh j[zdk ;h ozrh okw. d;thI iwks
ftu ;K, T[j efjzdk- jod/t nzro/ih sK w?I eo bJh j? gk; j'D i'rh, s{z fj;kp d/ ;tkb
eok d/j. w?I fejk nzro/}h dk eh eo fbnk s{z < T[j p'fbnk- w?I epZvh w?u b/y ~ x'Nk bk
fbnk. w?I g[fSnk- go i/ o/bt/ ioBh nk rJh iK w/b/ dh ;?o b/y nk frnk c/o eh eo/Irk <
T[;B/ fejk- w?I fby fdT{Irk fe f;rBb BjhI j'fJnk ;h, rZvh d/o sZe o[eh ojh, B/V/ jh
epZvh w?u j' fojk ;h, w?I T[j d/ydk fojk. w/b/ dk b/y nk frnk sK th fby{zrk fe w?u sK
j'o th j' oj/ ;B T[E/, go w/oh fdbu;gh epZvh d/yD ftu ;h HHHH p; fJE/ th epZvh w?u
Skg fdT{Irk.
tko;k d/ B/V/ t'ftF Bkw dk fJe e;pk j? fiE/ 1966 ftu b'e ebktK dk w/bk bZrk s/
jod/t ~ ;Zfdnk frnk. i[nkB e[VhnK dh N'bh B/ b'eBku g/F ehsk. T[BQK dh T[;skBh fJe
p}[or phph, jod/t e'b nke/ g[SD bZrh- dZ;' fJBQK e[VhnK ftu'I fejVh ;G s'I ;[jDh j?.
jod/t B/ fejk - jo itkB e[Vh ;[jDh j[zdh j?, ;kohnK ;[jDhnK B/ go fJBQK ftu'I ;G s'I
;[jD/ s[;hI j' w?vw i' fJ; T[wo ftu, itkBh bzx ikD pkd th y{p;{os j'. T[j Fowk rJh
s/ ngD/ gsh ~ fJj rZb dZ;h. gsh B/ fejk- s[;h mhe fejk fw;No f;zx. izr s'I gfjbK
id'I ;kvk ftnkj j'fJnk T[d'I fJj fJZeh ;kb dh ;h. fij' fijh T[d'I ;h, T[j' fijh j[D j?.
T[;skBh pkps jod/t dh fJj fNZgDh ;N/i T[go'I j}kok pzfdnk ~ ;[DkJh rJh sk T[;~
gqpzXeK ns/ doFeK B/ ;[rksK Bkb bZd fdZsk. fJj t;sK j[D se T[;d/ xo ftu gJhnK
jB.
@@g'b?Iv dk ekovhBb (gkdoh) e'oke' dk ;h. w?Bz{ T[jdhnK rZbK uzrhnK brdhnK. fJe fdB
c'B s/ fejk- s[jkBz{ fwbD Bz{, rZbK eoB Bz{ fdb eod?. T[;B/ fejk- nk ikJhI c/o id'I fdb
eo/. fpBK fJsbkj ehfsnK ;t/o ;ko fJe fdB T[;dk dotkik yNyNkfJnk, w?I sK T[jBz{ gkdoh
d/ fbpk; ftu d/fynk ;h, j[D T[j nkw pzd/ tKr g?IN e'N gkJhI yb'sk ;h, jZE ftu N'eoh.
w?Bz{ efjD bZrk- :ko sz{ c'B eoe/ nk iKdk. n;hI ;kok gfotko j[D yz[pK dk f;eko eoB
tk;s/ izrb ikD dh fsnkoh eoh p?m/ nK. iK fco fJT[I eo. sz{ th N'eoh u[Ze b?. rZbK th
eoh iktKr/, yz[pK th bZGKr/. g'fb;a b'eK dh fJj pVh fgnkoh fgefBe j[zdh n?. yz[pK Bz{ cokJh
eoB dk ;wkB th T[j Bkb b?e/ iKd/ jB. d[gfjo se bZGhnK yz[pK Bz{ ty ty ;nkdb/
w;kfbnK ftu gek e/ ob fwbe/ yKd/ jB. T[j eth ;h. fjzdh th ikDdk ;h ezw ubkT[D
i'rh. ;kok fdB T[;dh wfjedh ;zrs ftu gfotko Bkb fpskfJnk.
@@pj[shnK rbK T[j o'wB ftu feT[I eoB bZr g?Idk ;h, w?Bz{ ;wM Bk nkJh. eJh ;kbK pkd
nypko ftu ypo gVQh fe T[;Bz{ g'g u[D fbnk frnk- g'g ikB gkb d{ik. e?B/vhnB b'eK B/
N'oKN' T[;dk ;[nkrs eoBk ;h. w?I th ubk frnk. pj[s fJeZm ;h. fJe gk;/ yb's/ Bz{ T[;B/
w?Bz{ d{o'I gSkD fbnk, fejk- jod/t, fJXo, Biadhe nk w/o/ e'b, fJE/ w/o/ ;kjwD/ p?m. w?I T[u/
vkfJ; T[go uVQ e/ T[; d/ Biadhe g[Zi frnk, fejk- o'w d/ wjkB g'g, w?I J/;ahnB sohe/ Bkb
s[jkvk ;[nkrs eoBk ukj[zdk jK, nkfrnk fdT[r/< T[;B/ jK eo fdsh. ngD/ jZE T[;d/ edwK
Bz{ S[jk e/ fco ngDhnK T[IrbK w?I wZE/ Bz{ S[jkJhnk. T[j o' fgnk. w?Bz{ iZch ftu b?e/ efjD
bZrk- jod/t, ;kv/ gZSw d/ b'e fJZias BjhI eod/. e[M ;kbK pkd nypko ftu ypo gVhQ fe
fe;/ s[oe B/ T[; T[go r'bh dkr fdsh. T[jBz{ nihp nkds ;h fJe. id'I edh pj[s y[;a
j[zdk, iawhB s'I fwZNh dh u[Neh u[edk, ngD/ f;o ftu gk b?Idk. j[D w?I ;'funk eodK, ;akfJd
T[jBz{ gsk j't/ fe T[;B/ o'w ftu ike/ g'g dh gdth ;zGkbDh j? fJ; bJh o'wB p'bh p'bD
18
dk fonkia eoB brdk, ;akfJd T[;Bz{ nfj;k; ;h T[;B/ tes'I gfjbK epo ftu T[soBk j?,
fJ; bJh fwZNh dh u[Neh f;o ftu gk b?Idk. fJBQK G/dK s'I Bk edh godk u[fenk frnk j? Bk
u[fenk ikDk tkip j?.
@@nzfwqs;o dopko ;kfjp d/ do;aB eoB rJ/. nzfwqs t/b/ T[m/ sK fe nkozG eoB dhnK ohsK
pZfunK Bz{ fdyk ;eK. d/fynk fe gfoeowk ftu p/o pkpk p[Yk ih j/m wod M'bh ns/ n"osK
u[zBh dk gZbk c?bkJh p/oh j/m yb's/ jB, u[gukg, ;aKs. gsBh B/ g[ZfSnk fJj eh j' foj?< fJe
:kso{ B/ dZf;nk- gj[ c[Nkbk j'D ;ko fuVhnK dk ehosB F[o{ j' iKd?. T[j rkT[IdhnK jB,
T[BQK d/ gzfinK iK yzGK Bkb Neok e/ e'Jh gZsk, NkjDh dk fBek w'Nk N[eVk fvre/ M'bh ftu
g? ikt/ sK fJj b'e fJ; Bz{ gq;akfd ikDe/ xo fbiKd/ jB. o[Zs f;o i/ fe;/ dh M'bh ftu p/o
fvr gt/ c/o sK ;wM' fe;wsK ikr gJhnK. fJj pkpk p[ZYk ih d/ ehosBhJ/ jB.
;kb 1972 ftu fJBQK ;soK d/ b/ye B/ phHJ/H ehsh ;h. Bfozdo ekbhnk nzro/iah gVQkT[Id/ ;B,
T[j pj[s ;{yw fposh d/ ;kfjs o;hJ/ ;B. T[BQK dh gq/oBk ;dek Nkw; jkovh, ;kwo;?NZ wkZw,
w'gk;K, t?bZia, fveBia, wkB, U j?Boh, bkoz;, nk;eo tkJhbv gVQ/. fJe fdB efjD bZr/- s[;hI
nbpoN' w'okthnk gVQ', fszB uko feskpK w?I bkfJpq/oh ykso wzrtk fdshnK B/. w?I ns/ nihs
e[M e[M feskph ehV/ fij/ ;K, ;G s'I gfjbh feskp d o'wB N/bia gVQh. fJ; ftubhnK
ejkDhnK gVQ e/ nBzd nk frnk. fco d' fszB Bktb gVQe/ nfXnkge Bz{ g[ZfSnk- w'okthnk Bz{
B'pb gqkJhia fwb frnk j?< ekbhnk ;kfjp jZ; gJ/, fejk- ni/ feE/, ni/ sK fJj pj[s S'Nk
n?. go fbydk tXhnk j?.B'pb gqkJhia tk;s/ ni/ g?Ivk pVk bzwk j?. fdB, wjhB/, ;kb, djke/
phs/. fszB uko ;kb gfjbK ;t/o ;ko w?I nypko y'jfbnk, gfVQnk- w'okthnk ftBia B'pb
gqkJhi. Bkb c'N'. w?Bz{ ukbh ;kb g[okDh rZb :kd nkJh. y[;ah j'Jh. d' YkJh xzfNnK pkd
nk;kw s'I nihs dk c'B nkfJnk- tXkJh j't/, w'okthnk Bz{ fJbkw fwb frnk. w?I g[ZfSnk- fe;B/
fdtkfJnk fJBkw< jZ; fgnk- nkgK B/, j'o fe;B/< gkme skesto j't/ sK fe; uhia dk xkNk<
fJj rZb jod/t f;zx Bz{ ;[DkJh. T[; B/ dZf;nk- o'w d/ fJe j'Nb ftu w?I ns/ w'okthnk Bkb
Bkb oj/. ;t/o ;akw dhnK ;?oK fJeZfmnK eod/. w?I T[;Bz{ gfjb/ fdB dZ; fdsk ;h fe w?Bz{
fJNkbhnB BjhI nkT[Idh. T[j d' fszB tke nzro/iah d/ p'be/ c/o fJNkbhnB p'bD br iKdk.
fszB uko tko w?I fco d[jokfJnk fe w?Bz{ nkT[Idh BjhI s[jkvh iapkB. yb' frnk, yVethI nktkia
ftu fejk- s?Bz{ fJj iapkB f;ykD bJh sK p'b fojK. p; d' uko fdBk ftu ;wMD bZr
ikJ/Irk s/ d[BhnK Bz{ dZf;nk eo/Irk fe fJskbth w?I w'okthnk s'I f;yh j'Jh j?. c/o rbs p'bh
ikfJnk eohI Gkt/I, b'e s/oh iapkB Bz{ mhe wzBDr/.
efjD bZr/- ;ko/ gzSh ;[ohbk rkT[Id/ sK izrb fezBk T[dk; j[zdk. fJj' rZb ;sBkw f;zx y[wko
B/ ejh ;h- fJj ;z;ko i/ ;[jDk brdk j?, ozrhBhnK Gog{o j? sK fJj w{oyK dh pd"bs j?
gzB{ ;kfjp. ;ko/ pzd/ f;nkD/ j[zd/ sK fJ;B/ T[ZiV ikDk ;h. ih n?; fonkb B/ fejk- pkrK
Bkb'I izrbK Bz{ e[dos tXhe fgnko eodh j?. wkbhnK d/ fviakJhB T[;Bz{ g;zd BjhI. ;z;feqs
Gk;ak fezBh nwho ;h. fJ;d/ woB dk ekoB fJj j? fe nkdwh fJ;Bz{ f;azrkoB', sok;aD' BjhI
jfNnk. bkshBh :{BkBh Gk;aktK Bkb th fJj' j'fJnk.
@@gozgok ns/ nkX[fBesk ftu'I, gqsZy s/ go'y ftu'I, ;zuko ns/ ojZ; ftu'I y[dh dh sbk;a eoB
dk :sB eoBk j[Boh ;a?bh dh p[fBnkd j?. eoskoh gqrNktk e'Jh y'i ekoi BjhI j?, fJj sK
fJT[I j? fit/I pzd ebh B/ y[bQDk j't/. eoskoh ekoi ngD/ nkg nd[Zsh nB[Gt j?. s;tho
ngDh ftnkfynk y[d eo/rh feT[Ife fJj fe;/ fynkb dk nB[tkd BjhI. j[Boh ekoi pko/ e'Jh
cstk BjhI ;[DkfJnk ik ;edk, Bk T[; dh y{p;{osh dk w[bKeD j' ;edk j?. i/ gfjb'I jh
nkofN;N Bz{ gsk j? fe g/IfNzr fe; soQK dh pD/rh fco T[j fe;/ ezw dh BjhI. g/N nzdo gb
oj/ pZu/ d/ B?D Be;a T[; dh wK BjhI xV ;edh, pZuk ngDk ozr o{g nkg fsnko eo fojk
j? p/;ae T[;Bz{ fJ; pko/ gsk th BjhI. nkoN wB[y dhnK iao{osK g{ohnK eoB tk;s/ BjhI
nkT[Idk. ps"o nkofN;N, Bk w?I pzd/ dk w[ohd jK, Bk pzd/ dk w;hjk. nkoN dk ezw Bk
f;fynk d/Dh j? Bk ftnkfynk eoBh. nkoN, :EkoE Bz{ Bk fpnkB eodk j? Bk T[;s'I fJBekoh
j? feT[Ife nkoN y[d :EkoE j?. nkoN dk g[b gko eoB ;ko wB[y nBzs nkiakd d/; ftu
g[idk j?. nkofN;N T[jh nytkJ/rk fijVk nkoN j' ikJ/rk. ftek; d/ fi; gVkn T[go
nkdwh g[Zi frnk j?, T[E/ T[;dh o{j e?d j' rJh j?. edh id'I o{j e?d ftu'I E'V/ e[ fuo bJh
S[Nekok gk bt/, T[d'I nkoN dk iBw j[zdk j?.
19
@@brksko nkoN dh ;kXBk eofdnK w?I nkgD/ s'I d{o s/ nkoN d/ Biadhe ubk iKdk jK. fJj
:ksok fJ; soQK dh j[zdh j? fit/I w?I fe;/ nBikD ft;akb wjKBro ftu nk frnk j'tK, w/o/ jZE
ftu fi; tkjB dk ;Nhnfozr j? T[j tkjB w?Bz{ ubkT[Dk BjhI nkT[Idk, Bk w/o/ e'b Be;ak j?
Bk ezgk;, ;VeK T[go ;kJhB p'ov feXo/ BjhI. g'b?Iv d/ nzso-ok;aNoh nkoN f;zg'iahnw ftu
w/o/ Bkb fJj' j'fJnk. ;?IeV/ whNo bzw/ ekria dk w?I o'b b? fbnk, i' ih ehsk fJ; T[go
T[eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk. w?Bz{ ozrK ns/ behoK d/ fe;/ fviakJhB dh gotkj BjhI ;h. eh e[ZM
popkd eo fojk jK, fJe pZu/ tKr Bk w?Bz{ e'Jh gsk ;h Bk gsk eoB dh gotkj ;h. w?I
nfdq;aN wziab tb s[o fojk ;h. xzfNnK pZXh fJe whNo ekri g/IN eo e/ w?I nrb/ whNo
tb ;oedk iKdk. fJj gkrbgB fijk ;h, p/fBnkia p/gqtkj. w/o/ ezw dk foiabN eh j't/rk
e'Jh fynkb BjhI ;h, p; ezw eofdnK nBzd nk fojk ;h. fgS'I th d/o sZe fJj fgnk fojk,
w?I d/fynk se BjhI. d/o pkd id'I d/fynk sK e[M e[ fJ; ftu nfijk ;h i' BtK ;h s/ i' w/o/
ftu gfjbK BjhI ;h. fJj w/ok BjhI ;h. fJ; ezw Bz{ ysw eoB pko/ e'Jh fynkb BjhI
nkfJnk ;h. Bk ekria, Bk ;wK popkd eoB pko/ e'Jh fynkb nkfJnk ;h, p; i' i' fdq;a w?Bz{
fd;d/ iKd/, w?I T[BQK d/ fgS/ fgS/ s[o iKdk pr?o fJBQK dh goy gVu'b eoB d/. e'Jh iiapk
w?Bz{ fe;/ yk; soQK dh g/IfNzr pDkT[D dk j[ew fdzdk sK w?I T[d'I sZe T[j g/IfNzr pDkJh iKdk
id'I sZe iipk fBYkb Bk j' iKdk. fdB ns/ oks u/sBk d/ ty ty w{v d/ydk ofjzdk. g/IN
ehsk pzvb tZvk j[zdk frnk s/ ;c?d ekria xNdk frnk. id'I ed/ w/ok fdb eodk fe i' fgS/
pfDnk j?, d/y btK, sK w?I nkgD/ nkg Bz{ o'e b?Idk, fes/ fgSbk ezw nrb/ T[go n;ozdkia Bk
j' ikJ/. fdB oks bZrk ofjzdk. nrb/ fdB dk ezw nZyK ftu bNek e/ w?I y[;ah y[;ah ;"I iKdk.
ozrK ftu fb;ae nkT[D bZr gJh, nkeko fByoB bZr/. ;wkXh torh nt;Ek ;h s/ fJe' tes
w?I d' ;z;koK ftu ofjD bZr fgnk ;K. d't/I ;z;ko n;bh ;B. i/ coe ;h sK e/tb ;w/I dk,
id'I ezw fojk j[zdk T[d'I ;wK o[e iKdk, gzi ns/ gzdoK xzfNnK ftueko e'Jh coe BjhI.
@@eJh fdBK pkd w?I fJj o'b y'jb e/ d/fynk sK e[M fuZsoK Bz{ d/ye/ ft;wkd skoh j'fJnk.
w?Bz{ gZek gsk ;h, fJj w?I ngD/ ozrK Bkb, ngD/ poZ;a Bkb pDkJ/ jB go fJj w/o/ BjhI ;B,
fJBQK dk ;pzX w/oh fe;/ uhia Bkb BjhI ;h. T[; fdB s'I pkd nkoN dh EK nkofN;N w/o/
e/Ido ftu nk frnk. w?I nkgD/ nkg Bz{ d{o s'I d/yD d/ ;wZoE j' frnk. fdq;a ns/ do;ae
fJe' ;B. w?I ikDBk ukfjnk fe w/ok fJj g/IfNzr dk ezw fet/I fet/I j'fJnk go gsk Bk bZrk.
w?I J/Bk e[ iao{o ikD frnk fe fijVk ezw fe;/ Bw{B/ Bz{ nkXko pDk e/ ehsk ikt/ T[j nkoN
BjhI j[zdk. w?I nkgD/ nkg Bz{ nky fdsk fe i/ sz{ nkofN;N nytkT[Dk j? sK Bw{fBnK s'I gko
T[v ikj.
@@nkoN iiap/ dk ekoi j?, fJj ;aeshtkB j? s/ ;fBnk;h th. nkoN d[BhnK dh, nkofN;N dh
ns/ y[d dh fsZyh nkb'uBk eodk j?. w/o/ nkoN ftu Bk gozgok j? Bk nkX[fBesk. c'eb'o w?Bz{
G?Ghs eo fdzdk j?. w/o/ pDkJ/ j'J/ fuZso, j' ;edk j? fjz;e j'D go fJj fBowb jB. fJBQK
ftu Bk ;kia;a j? Bk Bcaos, fJj sK e/tb fdq;a jB. ft;at Bz{ gqrN eoBk w/ok ezw j?, fJj
w?I eodk Jh ofjzBk.
@@i' w?I efjDk ukj[zBk T[; dk e'Jh wjZst BjhI, i' efj fdsk frnk, T[jh ;G e[M j?. w/o/
;kjwD/ w/ok nkoN j?, ;kv/ d'tK ftueko Bk e'Jh fwE yb' ;edh j? Bk fJfsjk;, Bk ;[zdosk,
w/oh ouBk ;kjwD/ e/tb w?I j[zBk. ;oeko, wzdo, nikfJpxo, nkoN ezgBh, w/o/ iZi BjhI. w/ok
nkoN w/ok iZi j?.
@@w?Bz{ brd? fe ;jh nkofN;N T[j j? fijVk ;wM/ fe T[;dh fizaw/tkoh ;EkJh j? s/ nBzs th.
nkoN brksko nkofN;N s'I ;tZS ;dkuko dh wzr eodk j?, fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe d/Dk
jh d/Dk j?, b?Dk e[M BjhI. nkofN;N fdnkb{ dksk j?. T[j nkgD/ nkg Bz{ fBozso yzfvs
eodk j? s/ fco N[ZN/ N[efVnK Bz{ i'VB brdk j?. jo/e feos ngD/ nkg ftu g{oB j?, jo
;t/ok BtK ;t/ok j[zdk j?. nfdq;aN Bz{ T[jh fwbD tk;s/ s[o/rk fijVk pbtkB j't/rk.
@@gzikp nkoN s'I tzfus j' frnk fi;d/ m'; ekoB th jB. fdZbh pzpJh, ebeZs/ ns/ ftd/;aK
ftu gzikphnK B/ eoskoh nkoN dh XKe iwk fdZsh go gzikp fJ; s'I wfjo{w j?. S'N/ S'N/
ekohroK B/ tZvhnK tZvhnK Xkofwe g/IfNzri ns/ ;hBohnK pDkJhnK fijVhnK e?bzvoK d/ o{g
ftu y{p ftehnK. fJ; o[MkD Bz{ w?I ;'Gk f;zx f;zvo'w, fejk eodK. fJ; B/ nkoN Bz{ ekm wko
fdZsk. b'eK B/ ;wM fbnk fe nkoN ejkDhnK ;[DkT[D tkbh e'Jh uhia j?. f;oiDk gzikp ftu
20
BjhI j'Jh. fJ; soQK dhnK r?bohnK s/ nikfJpxo j?B fiE/ uzrk nkoN w"i{d j? go T[E/ iK
ebkeko iKd/ jB iK ebk d/ ftfdnkoEh. ftdtkB, eth, dko;afBe, fuzse fJ; s'I go/ go/o/
jB, T[BQK Bz{ fdq;a dh Bk ;wM j? Bk ;wMD dh o[uh. gZSw d/ tXhe nkofN;N eth dopkoK
ftu eftsktK ;[DB ns/ nkg gVQB ne;o iKd/ jB. fJE/ Gkos ftu eth nkoN d/yD BjhI
iKd/. whvhnk fJ; Bz{ eto eoB tk;s/ sd fsnko j'J/rk i/ e'Jh nkoN d/yD dk F"ehB j't/.
nkoN d/ ohthT{ nypkoK fo;kfbnK ftu Sgd/ jB, T[BQK Bz{ gfVQnk BjhI iKdk. toswkB ekb
ftu w?I fJj' d/y fojK.
@@XBoki Grs, e/H;hH nkohnkB, phH;hH ;kfBnkb, eztb feq;aB, jofeq;aB bkb, ghHn?BH wkr',
;sh;a r[iokb, feq;aB yzBk, Bzd efNnkb, e/tb ;'Bh, ntsko f;zx, wBihs pktk, ;'jD ekdoh,
gowihs f;zx, ngfosk f;zx, nogBk e"o, oki/;a wfjok, f;at f;zx, wbehs f;zx, i'X f;zx
nkfde B/ ;z;ko ftu BkwDk yZfNnk j? go gzikp T[BQK Bz{ BjhI ikDdk. G{p/F ;kfBnkb pzrkbh
;h go bkj"o dh ;B/jbsk Bkb ftnkfjnk j'fJnk ;h. gfjbK bkj"o fco d/; tzv s'I pkd fJj
i'Vh fdbh tZ;h. T[;B/ nzdo/N/ th fJe xo pDkfJnk ;h fiE/ j[D T[;dh Xh ofjzdh j?. fJj
;ko/ ebkeko gzikph ikDd/ ;B, gzikp ~ fgnko eod/ ;B s/ tko; dh jho ns/ gzikp dk c'e
rkT[Id/ ;B.
@@w/oh fbykJh mhe BhI gzB{ ;kfjp. fusoekoK dh fbykJh wkVh j'fJnk eodh j?. jZE ftu
ebw cVK iK poZ;a, o{g ozr s/ nkeko nZyK nr/ x[zwd/ ofjzd/ jB. fJ; Bkb nZyo nZyo BjhI
ofjzdk c/o, e[M j'o j' iKd?. b'e f;X/;oh d/th dk rkfJB ;[Dd/ oj/, rk ojh ;h- ox[to ;ap
e/ ;wkB. w?Bz{ nktkia ;[DkJh BjhI fdzdh ;h, w/ohnK BiaoK ftu feq;aB ns/ oks dh ;wkBsk
fJXo T[Xo fcodh ojh ;kok ;wK.
@@okw fezeo p?i, ;zEkb ;h. T[;dk fujok w[jok eZd ekm pKdo tork ;h. w?Bz{ pzdo uzr/
BjhI bZr/ edh. w?I okw fezeo Bkb ofj e/ ezw eoB bZrk sK d/fynk jiakoK ;kbK pkd edh
nfij/ ebkeko d/ dhdko j[zd/ jB. w?Bz{ pKdo ;[jD/ bZrD br gJ/. fdZbh foiaot p?Ie d/
pkjo fijV/ p[Zs B/, T[j T[;/ d/ pDkJ/ j'J/ jB. gzH itkjo bkb Bfjo{ B/ fwb e/ T[; nr/
noia ehsh ;h fe fJj ekoi s[;hI fBGkT[Dk j?. fezeo B/ fejk- w?I wfjzrk jK. s[;hI fe;/ ;;s/
ebkeko Bz{ bZG'. Bfjo{ B/ fejk- i' ej'r/, T[B/ fdnKr/. T[;B/ ;tk bZy n?vtK; wzfrnk. d/
fdZsk. T[d'I ;tk bZy feZvh oew ;hHH d';sK Bz{ dko{ fgnk fgnk e/ ;kb ftu T[vk fdsk, ezw
e'Jh Bk ehsk. Bfjo{ Bz{ fejk- ;tk bZy j'o fdT[. fgSb/ g?f;nK Bkb w?I ezw eoB dh fsnkoh
eo bJh, j[D ezw eoKrk. j'o d/ fdsk. gkobhw?IN ftu o"bk g? frnk fe e"wh gz{ih T[ikVh ik
ojh j?. xZN g?f;nK Bkb tXhnk ezw eoB tkb/ nkofN;N id'I fwbd/ B/ fco fJj T[ikVk feT[I
j' foj?< Bfjo{ B/ fejk- xNhnk ezw BjhI eotkT[Dk. okw fezeo nBw'b j?. fizBk wzrdk
ikJ/rk T[zBk fdzd/ iktKr/.
@@;kvk eko'pko ozrK dk j? gzB{ ;kfjp. ;{oi T[d: j'D s'I b?e/ n;s j'D sZe, n;s j'D s'I
b?e/ fco T[d: j'D sZe e[dos eo'VK fbpk; pdbdh j?. jo nrbk gb, fgSb/ gb s'I BtK
sK j? Jh, fGzB th j?, BtK ;a/v, BthI N'B. fgSbk fbpk; T[skodh BjhI, e[dos T[;/ T[go jo
gb BtkI gfjoktk UVQ b?Idh j?. fJj' fij/ eokwksh fdq; d/yfdnK o';aa' fpjkoh p?Boih fejk
eodk ;h - w?I nzBQK j'D s'I gfjbK woBk ukj[zdk jK.
fJBQK d/ ezw s'I d[BhnK dhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK n;o ep{bDrhnK go gzikp ed'I fJBQK
pkps ikD ;e/rk< fit/I f;y Xow dh g[Bo-;[oihsh tk;s/ f;zx ;Gk bfjo uZbh ;h, T[t/I nkoN
fiT[Idk eoB tk;s/ nzd'bB S/VBk gt/rk s/ fJj ezw B"itkBk d/ eoB dk j?. gZSw d/
;zrhseko nkoN T[go ohthT{ fbyd/ jB, eh ;kv/ ehosBhJ/ nkoN dh Bpia d/yD bZr ikDr/
edh< ;kv/ ftdtkBK Bz{ ngDh nBgVQsk s'I ed' ;aofwzdrh nkJ/rh< fdq;a ebktK p/nzs ;aeshtkB
jB s/ T[BQK pkps ikDBk iao{oh j?. gzikphnK Bz{ oZp ed'I fdq;aNh dJ/rk, fJ;dk jkb/ e[M
nzdkiak BjhI br ;edk. nkoN d/yD dh nkds gJ/rh sd jh nkofN;N g?dk j'J/rk. ;zrhs
f;yD tkb/ dk ezB mhe j'Dk iao{oh j?, gfjbK T[j T[;skdK Bz{ ;[D/rk, fco ;[opX j'J/rk. jZE
ftu poZ;a T[d'I sZe BjhI cfVnk ik ;edk id se nZy B/ gfjb'I gkskb s'I nek;a sZe pqjwzv
d/y BjhI fbnk.
w?I g[ZfSnk, @@nkX[fBe ebk dh fd;ak fej' fijh j?<
21
T[; B/ fejk- nkX[fBe ebkeko dk wB'oE j? ozrK s/ behoK d/ wkfXnw okjhI b[e/ ;Zu Bz{
gqrN eoBk. eftsk s/ tkose ftu pVk e[M nfijk j[zdk j? i' ;g;aN BjhI j[zdk, sK th gkme
T[;Bz{ ;wM iKdk j? s/ o; wkDdk j?. do;ae s'I fJj nk; j[zdh j? fe T[j nfijk e[M th d/y/
i' fdykJh BjhI fdzdk. pj[sh tko ebkeko s/ do;ae fJe' b?n ftu BjhI j[zd/ s/ jo/e dh
nkgDh nkgDh ftnkfynk j[zdh j?.
fJe j'o ;tkb- c'N'rqkch dh Jhikd Bkb fusoekoh T[go coe fgnk<
T[Zso- pj[s.pj[s coe fgnk. fJj ;[Gkte th ;h.e?wo/ B/ fusoebk d/ y/so ftu fJBebkp
fbnKdk.o";aBh pko/ ftfrnkBe ;{M nkT[D Bkb ozrK dh pDso dk gsk bZrk fi; Bkb d/yD
dk Yzr pdb frnk. fJe tko sK fJT[I bZrD bZr fgnk ;h fe fusqebk dh iao{os jh BjhI
oj/rh feT[Ife fpbfvzr, fdq;a, GhV Bz{ fizBh y{p;{osh s/ ;ckJh Bkb e?wok g/;a eodk j?,
fusoeko BjhI eo ;edk. fijVk coe c'N' ns/ s;tho ftu j? T[j fJj j? fe e?wo/ e'b
nkdwh d/ tbtb/ BjhI, dbhbK BjhI. fusoeko poZ;a ubkT[D tes ngD/ fBiZst Bz{ e?wo/ tKr
go/ BjhI oZy ;edk. ;[ji ;[nkd dh fsqgsh dh fizw/tkoh ebkeko d/ w'fYnK s/ ;r'I tX rJh
j? feT[Ife d[BhnK w;ahBk s'I nZe e/ ebk tb ;zs[;aNh gqkgs eoB dh nk; Bkb d/ydh j?.
gq;aB- nkX[fBe ebk dh F[o{nks feE'I j[zdh j? <
T[so- e'Jh ebkeko ngD/ G{sekb s'I ftSfVnk BjhI j[zdk fco th e'Jh xNBk nfijh xNdh j?
i' gfjb/ ;w/I s'I pj[s tZyoh j[zdh j?. fJe ;dh gfjbK dh ebk tyoh j' rJh ;h. fgek;' B/
1909 ftu gfjbh feT[fp;N (fszB vkJhw?B;aBia tkbh) s;tho pDkJh fi; Bkb ebk ftu BthI
XV/pzdh g?dk j'Jh. fJe XVk e[dos dh fe;/ uhi Bz{ GzB s'V e/ T[;Bz{ o/yk rfDs d/ fuzBQK
ftu pdb e/ fusodk ;h. d{ik XVk e?Bt; Bz{ o/yk rfDs d/ fuzBQK d[nkok, d'-jZdh s;tho d/
co/w ftu soshp d/ e/ T[; T[s/ e[dos dk e'Jh fuzBQ fNek fdzdk. ebk w{b gqfeqsh s'I fByVe/
GktBktK ns/ o/yk rfDs d/ fuzBQ pD rJh.
gq;aB- fe; jZd sZe wB[y ebk ftu nkgDk fBZi ;akwb eo ;edk j? <
T[so- ozrK ns/ bheK okjhI fijVk nkeko nZyK ftu'I dh j'e/ fdb fdwkr T[go n;o gkJ/ n;hI
T[;Bz{ gbk;fNe wkfXnw nkyd/ jK. b?Iv;e/fgzr, fJzNhohno v?e'o/;aB, eZgfVnK T[go, ezXK T[go
nB/e fvikaJhBK ftu ebkeko ;akwb j? jh. fdq;a sK e[dos ftu gJ/ jB, T[;B/ nkgDk nkg
fJBQK ftu fwbke/ tyok o{g-ozr d/Dk j[zdk j?. ;kc eZgV/ T[gob/ fviakJhB d;d/ jB ebkeko
fJE/ T[sfonk j'fJnk j?. x[fwnko d/ uZe T[go wB[Zyh jZE id'I sZe fe;/ ;aeb ;{os tkbk
posB BjhI pDkT[Id/ T[d'I se uZe T[go fwZNh rkok fgnk j? fi; dk e'Jh Bkw BjhI, o{g BjhI.
ebkeko d/ jZEK ftu dh bzxe/ fwZNh ftu ikB g? iKdh j?. fusoeko dk fJj' ezw j? fe T[j
no{g ns/ nBkw Bz{ o{g ns/ Bkw fdzdk j?.
gq;aB- ebkeko fezBk e[ ;[szso j? <
T[Zso- ;hws jZd sZe.fJe' bZeVh ftu'I w/ia pfDnk, T[;/ ftu'I e[o;h. d't/I tZyohnK tZyohnK uhiak
jB.rbk; fJe bzp{sok posB j? fi; Bkb n;hI ;"y Bkb sob gh ;ed/ jK go rbk; th
fJe' soQK d/ BjhI, ;?IeV/ fviakJhBK d/ jB.c/o th rbk; dk bzp{sok j'Dk fJ; dh p[fBnkdh
;aos j? fi; eoe/ e'Jh rbk; nfijk BjhI i' Ekbh tork j't/.ykD tkbhnK uhiaK e"bhnK,Ekb
nkfde tZyoh ;aeb d/ j'Dr/, ghD tkbhnK tyoh ;{os dhnK j'DrhnK.jK pkd;akj d/ Ekb ns/
wiad{o dh gb/N ftu coe j'J/rk jh j'J/rk sK th fJBQK ftu nkeko dh ;wkBsk j?.
gq;aB- ebk nkb'ue dk eosZt eh j? <
T[so- n;hI bzxd/ iKd/ ;o;oh Biao wkod/ jK. YZm/ wekB ftu p/oh dk doys j?, fJj sK
gsk j? go gZfsnK dk ozr o[sK nB[;ko fet/I pdb fojk j?, gZfsnK T[go behoK d/ fejV/
fviakJhB jB, fJe NkjD ftu'I d{ik NkjD fet/I fBeb fojk j?, fJj gsk BjhI. j' ;ed? fe;/
fdB nypko ftu T[; rbh dh c'N' Sgh d/y' fi; ftu'I dh s[;hI o'ia bzxd/ j' s/ s[;hI fco th
gSkD Bk ;e'. jiako tko fJe fdq;a d/yD fgS'I th iao{oh BjhI ;kvh :kd dh e?Bt; T[go ;jh
T[eoh rJh j't/. ;o;oh Biao ns/ ebkgkoy{ dh Biao ftu i/ e'Jh coe Bk j[zdk sK nikfJp
xoK ftub/ gfjo/dko ;G s'I tv/ ebk nkb'ue j[zd/ feT[Ife T[j ;koh T[wo T[BQK t;sK Bz{ d/yd/
oj/ jB. i' e[M ebk-gkoy{ fJe Biao wkoe/ d/y b?Idk j?, fBrokBh eodk pzdk ;koh T[wo T[j
e[M BjhI d/y ;edk. d/yDk T[j eow j? fi; tk;s/ sg, ;kXBk dh b'V g?Idh j?. ebkswe
pohehnK d/yDhnK jo/e d/ t; dh rZb BjhI. ebk gkoy{ r[D n"r[D dZ; e/ ebkeko Bz{ u/szB
22
eodk j?. dotki/ d/ g/IN T[go fBeh fijh MohN fijVh s[jkBz{ BjhI fdZ;h, ebk gkoy{ dh BhId
jokw eo fdzdh j?. ebkeko dk G{s T[; dh toswkB ebkfeqs ftu'I fd;/rk go ;kok BjhI
fd;/rk, e[M nfijk ofj ikt/rk fijVk fJ; fuso ftu BjhI fusfonk frnk, i' pekfJnk ofj
frnk, T[j nrb/ fuso ftu nk ikJ/rk. ebk-gkoy{ fJj goy eo ;edk j? fe pekfJnk eh
;h i' fgSb/ fuso ftu BjhI ;h s/ nrb/ ftu nk frnk j?. eJh e[M nfijk j? fijVk
ebkeko Bz{ gsk BjhI, ebkgkoy{ T[j ;G bZG b?Idk j?. p/;ae fdq;a tk;s/ nZyK p[fBnkd jB go
nZyK d/ g[b EkJhI bzx e/ id'I fdqZ;a w;se ftu ubk iKdk j? sK wB[y dhnK ;kohnK fposhnK
ekoi;ahb j' iKdhnK jB. nZyK Bz{ c[Zb dh pDso dk gsk j?, wfje dk eh gsk < u/sB wB
Bkb'I eJh r[Dk tXhe nu/s wB ndG[s c?;b/ eodk j?. fusoeko ;fGnsk dk gqshfBX j?,
;fGnsk T[;Bz{ s/ T[j ;fGnsk Bz{ gqGkfts eodk j?.
gq;aB- s[;hI nzfwqsk ;a/ofrb dk fiaeo feT[I BjhI ehsk<
T[so- T[j gfjbh gzikpD j? fi;B/ ebk nfGnk; eofdnK g?fo; d/ ebk-;e{bK ftu ftfdnk
gqkgs ehsh. T[; ftu ;woZEk ;h fe edh ft;at d/ tZv/ ebkekoK ftu T[;dk Bkw F[wko j[zdk.
go T[; dh T[wo E'Vh fbyh oZp B/. roGgks ekoB T[;dk J/Bk y{B tfrnk fe dw s'V
rJh. T[; dh ebk ftu ni/ nkX[fBe nkoN dh nZy y[ZbQD bZrh ;h. fizBk e[ T[;B/ ehsk T[j
uzr? go id'I ;z;ko d/ ebkekoK d/ ezw s/ Mks wkohJ/ sK fJj E'Vk j?. T[;B/ gozgok s'I jN
e/ ezw S/fVnk, T[;dh fJj' gqkgsh j?. fiT[Idh ofjzdh sK eh gsk nkgDk fJe ;[szso nkoN
;e{b f;oi b?Idh go fJj sK j[D fenk;okJhnK jB.
gq;aB- eh ebkeko fB;afus f;b/p; nB[;ko ezw eodk j? <
T[Zso- Xkofwe fuZsoK, oki/ wjkokfinK d/ fuZsoK dh ;a?bh nkw s"o s/ fJe' fijh j[zdh j?. fJ;/
soQK g[okDhnK ebk feosK d/ T[sko/ th xoK sZe g[ukD/ j[zd/ jB, fJE/ th f;b/p; fB;aafus j?.
nizsk d/ ebkeko nkgDh ebkswe tfvZsD d/ pkti{d p[ZX d/ g[ikoh ;B. T[BQK dh ihtB ukb
p'X-fGZy{nK tkbh ;h go T[BQK dh ebk Bz{ fe;/ B/ fJj efje/ BjhI fBzfdnk fe fJj pzXB feT[I
BjhI s'Vd/. fJe wB'oE ;kjwD/ oZy e/ T[j ebkfeqsK T[;koB ftu vN/ oj/. T[BQK B/ pkjob/
fe;/ gqGkt Bz{ BjhI ep{fbnk, T[BQK B/ sK e[dos dk gqGkt th BjhI ep{fbnk. fJj' ekoB j? fe
T[BQK dh ebk fe;/ sg'pD dh T[gi brdh j? s/ jo BtK ebkeko T[BQK dhnK feosK d/ye/
ngD/ fdb Bkb sgZf;nk eoB dk tkndk eodk j?, sgZf;nk bJh T[s;akj pDdk j?. T[BQK dh
ebk ftu fBg[zBsk j? feT[Ife T[BQK dh ;kXBk nBzs j?, ;kX{ tKr. c/o th fJj iao{oh BjhI fe
pj[s fwjBs eoB tkbk ebkeko fBg[zB j' ikt/. eJh tko xZN fwjBs eoB tkb/ ebkeko
ewkb eo iKd/ jB. ;' fJ; ftu oZp dh pyf;a;a s'I w?I fJBekoh BjhI j' ;edk. ebkeko T[j
e[M fusodk j? i' e[M T[j d/yDk ukj[zdk j?. ebkfeqs, ebkeko dk jbchnk fpnkB j?.
GktBktK feBh ;cabsk Bkb w{oshwkB j'JhnK jB fJj ebk gkoy{ dZ;Dr/.
gq;aB- e[dos fezBk e[ gqGkt$ftxB gkT[Idh j?<
T[so - pj[s th ns/ BjhI th. pj[s fJ; soQK fe ozrK dh y/v e[dos ftu gfjbK w"i{d j?.
e[dos ftu NeokT[ j?, wB[y f;ydk j? fe i/ jB/ok Bk j't/ sK o";aBh dk eh gsk bZr/< gjkV
fJ; eoe/ T[u/ jB feT[Ife xkNhnK BhthnK jB. fJ; NeokT[ ftu th fJe;[osk j?. e[dos
ftxB BjhI gkT[Idh, fJ; pkps gqf;ZX fusoeko gkb ebh dh T[dkjoD fdnKrk. T[j nkydk j?
- fJe pzdk ;w[zdoh ijkia ftu ;cao eofdnK v?eZ T[go NfjbD brdk j?. T[;d/ nzdo s/
pkjo fezBhnK ocaskoK ekoi;ahb jB iok fJj d/yhJ/. ;G s'I gfjbK T[;d/ fi;w nzdo d"V
oj/ y{B dh ocasko, fco T[;d/ ;kjK dh ocasko, s[ofdnK s[ofdnK nzrK dh ocasko, fco fi;
ijkia T[s/ T[j ;cao eo fojk j? T[;dh ocasko, gkDh dhnK bfjoK dh ocasko i' ijkia d/
T[bN ubdhnK jB, Xosh dh ngD/ X[o/ d[nkb/ d"VB dh ocasko, Xosh dh ;{oi d[nkb/
ocasko, uzdowK dh Xosh d/ d[nkb/ gfoeowk eoB dh ocasko. fJ; ;ko/ T[X/Vp[D tkbh
eowrsh ftu nkdwh nkgDh EK s/ fJ; ;G s'I p/ypo Nfjb fojk j?. T[; Bz{ ocaskoK d/ fJ;
Mw/b/ Bkb e'Jh tk;sk BjhI. T[gobk t/otk d;dk j? fe fJe soQK wB[Zy pqfjwzvh rshnK dk
e/Ido j? go T[;Bz{ fJ; dk nfj;k; BjhI. eJh rZbK ftfrnkBe Yzr sohfenK Bkb BjhI
;wMkJhnK ik ;edhnK. rK d/ d[X dh goy eofdnK fJj BjhI gsk bZr ;edk fe rK B/ eh
e[M ykXk ghsk ;h. ebkeko dh ouBk rT{ dk d[ZX j?. ebkeko ns/ ebk nzsw t;s{ j?, fJj
feE'I feE'I dh bzx/ jB, do;ae BjhI ikD ;ed/. ftfrnkB BjhI ;wMk ;edh.
23
gq;aB- eh Gkos d/ g[oksB ebkekoK B/ e'Jh Bt/I siop/ th ehs/ <
T[Zso- ewkb n?. GkoshnK B/ sK siofpnK s'I fpBK e[M ehsk jh BjhI. ;koh d[BhnK ftu wod
n"os dk eZd s/ B?D Be;a nkw s"o s/ ;[jD/ pDkJ/ j'J/ fwbDr/. GkoshnK B/ n"os Bz{ n"os
BjhI pDkfJnk. T[BQK bJh n"os Xosh j?. T[;dk g/N tZvk j? feT[Ife T[sgsh nBzs j?, SkshnK
tZvhnK jB feT[Ife tXhe y[oke dh b'V j?. s[jkBz{ fJj ebk feosK jk;'jhDhnK bZrDrhnK
feT[Ife s[jkBz{ fJBQK d/ wB'oE dk gsk BjhI. fJBQK ebk feosK ftub/ noE p/jZd wjhB jB.
uko uko pkjK jB, fJe jZE ftu ;zy, d{i/ ftu feogkB, shi/ ftu feskp, u"E/ ftu c[Zb. fJj
d/th dh u"rDh ;woZEk j?. edh fJfsjk; ftu nfijk BjhI j'fJnk fe ;a/o dh ;tkoh eoe/ pzdk
:[ZX d/ w?dkB ftu ikJ/. go d/th ;a/o dh ;tkoh eo ojh j?. fJj fBok gq:'rtkd j? s/ ;G
s'I gfjbK fJ; dh ekY GkoshnK B/ eZYh. Gkosh ebk A:EkoEtkd s'I jw/;a puh ojh, fJ;dk
fJe ekoB fJj th j? ;kv/ g[okD/ ebkeko ;ao/nkw fJj efjzd/ ;B fe ebk gowkswk dh d/D
j?. id'I gZEo, Xks d/ :[Zr ftu nkdwh e'b Gk;ak tk;s/ ;apd BjhI ;B, gfjBD bJh e/tb
gZs/ ;B, T[d'I r[cktK ftu ofjzfdnK j'fJnk th T[;B/ ;akBdko fuso pDk bJ/ ;B. fuZsoebk
Gk;ak s'I g[okDh j?. T[;B/ T[jh ;aebK pDkT[DhnK ;B i' T[;Bz{ ;[jDhnK brdhnK. T[d'I dh ebk
th nkX[fBe ebk tKr noE ofjs ;h. T[j ;h ;jh fBowb ebk. fJ; ftu ekohroh dk fJj'
fijk nz;a BjhI ;h fi; Bkb e'Jh pj[s tZvk fynkb nzfesk ehsk frnk j't/ iK ozr s/ behoK
ft;a/;a ;ze/s tZi'I toshnK j'D. ebk ftu'I noE fBebD bZr g?D fco fJj rfDs ftfdnk
j'J/rh iK ekohroh, fit/I e[o;h. e[o;h fe;/ wB'oE tk;s/ pDkJh rJh j?. fj;kpdkB nky
;edk j? fe ekria s/ fbfynk rfDs dk ckow{bk ;[jDk brdk j?, go fe; Bz{< rfDs-;ak;soh
Bz{ fe nkw nkdwh Bz{ th< i/ nfijk BjhI sK T[;dh ;[zdosk fe; ezw dh< T[j ;aeb fijVh
e[M frDshnK d/ ;jko/ T[;koh rJh j? s/ e'Jh i[rs ;wMkT[Idh j? T[j ekohroh j?. rfDs dk
ckow{bk e'Jh gbk;fNe wkfXnw XkoB BjhI eodk, Bk T[; Bz{ pDkT[D ftu gbk;fNe wkfXnw
dh tos'I ehsh rJh j[zdh j?.
gq;aB- ebk ftu gfotosB fet/I nkT[Id/ jB <
T[Zso- ebk nkgDk fbpk; pdbdh ofjzdh j?. t;soK dk c?;aB pdbdk j? go gfjBD tkb/ dk
;oho ns/ o{j T[jh ofjzdh j?. ebkgoy dh fJj XkoBk nfXnkswtkdhnK Bkb fwbdh j?. T[j
o{j Bz{ Bk;atkB BjhI wzBd/. T[BQK tk;s/ ;oho eZgVk j? i' Bk;atkB j?. wB[y wo iKdk j?, o{j
j'o u'bk XkoB eo b?Idh j?. o{j fJe-o; j? s/ nwo j?. u'b/ tzB ;[tzB/ jB. fJ;/ soQK d/;a
ns/ ekb ekoB ebk ftu e[M coe fgnk fdykJh fdzdk j? go fJ; dk yk;k, sZs, o{j fJe'
ofjzdh j?. e[M BjhI pdbdk. pkjoh n;oK j/m nke/ ebk o{g pdbdh j? go T[;dk eosZt
fJe' j?, T[j j? wB[yh ;[ji ;[nkd dh fsqgsh eoBh. wB[y T[j' j? nZi th, fijVk bZy ;kb
gfjbK ;h, ebk th T[j' j?, nkfd ekbh. ebk ns/ wB[y dk fo;ask th nwo j?.
gq;aB- ;kfjs d/ tkdK dk gzikphnK Bz{ gsk j?, T[BQK Bz{ ebk d/ tkdK pkps th d;'.
T[Zso- tZy tZy n;oK ekoB tkd g?dk j[zd/ jB. e'Jh pzdk :sB eoe/ tkd BjhI ubk ;edk,
fJt/I jh ft;a/;a fJfsjk;e jkbks tkdK Bz{ iBw d/D, fJj th iao{oh BjhI. fit/I jh fynkbK dh
fJe bVh pDh p; tkd F[o{ j' frnk, fJ; tk;s/ Bk e'Jh fB;afus ;aosK jB s/ Bk GftZy-
pkDhnK. id'I e'Jh tZvk ebkeko Bt/I gq:'r ftu ;cab j' iKdk j? s/ T[;dk gq:'r ;Ekfgs j'e/
wkBsk gqkgs eo b?Idk j? sd ;kv/ ;kjwD/ BtK tkd gqrN j' frnk. ;kb 1908 ftu t"e;/b
B/ pjke dh fJe B[wkfJ;a ftu fJe fuZso u[fenk s/ T[;Bz{ feT{fpiaw (cubism) dk Bkw d/
fdZsk. fJj ;apd sK gfjbK th w"i{d ;h go T[d'I fJj tkd BjhI pfDnk ;h. fgSbh ;koh
thjthI ;dh fJ; tkd dh fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftu f;aeko ojh.
f;nk;s s'I T[bN, ebk dh d[BhnK ftu iao{oh BjhI fe jo tkd Bz{ pj[frDsh gqtkB eo/.
nfijk j'D bZr/ sK ebk dk w[Ybk o{g jh pdb ikt/. nkw nkdwh f;nk;h gqtkj ftu s?o/rk,
fJ; dfonk Bz{ T[bN/ o[y w'Vk d/Dk T[;d/ t; dh rZb BjhI. fJ; gqtkj Bz{ skesto ebkeko
w'Vk d/ fdzdk j? sd ;wkie YKu/ Bz{ BthnK edoK ehwsK fwbdhnK jB. t?;/ sK ebk ftu
J/B/ tkd jB fe fJBQK dh ;{uh th BjhI pDkJh ik ;edh go d' tZv/ f;XKs n;ozdkia oj/ jB.
gfjbk j? :EkoEtkd. i' i' nZy Bkb fd;dk iKdk j?, T[;Bz{ ;Zu' ;Zu T[;/ gqeko T[bheDk.
d{ik j? Gkt-tkue, i' fd;dk j?, T[;Bz{ eh fusoBk< fJj sK fusfonk jh fgnk j? e[dos
24
ftZu. i' fd;dk j?, T[;B/ s[jkv/ wB T[go gqGkt eh SZfvnk, wjZstg{oB T[j j? Bk fe fdq;a.
T[j gqGkt fuso'.
fJ; ftuko Bz{ fsbKibh d/Dh gt/rh fe Gkt-ebk p[oi{nk ofjzd yz{jd dk gqrNktk j?, Gkt-ebk
pkps fJj ftuko ewia'o j?. fJ; d/ jkwh nBikD th jB gygksh th. ebk-gkoy{ fJT[I cst/
BjhI xfVnk eod/. :EkoEtkdhnK B/ fJj th fejk fe Gkt-tkue ebk T[BQK ebkekoK dh feos
j? i' ebk s'I ;ZyD/ jB. :{BkBhnK B/ :EkoEtkd Bz{ Yfjzdh ebk dk Bkw fdZsk. T[BQK fejk fe
ebk dh T[usk Bz{ E/j eoB dh fizw/tkoh :EkoEtkdhnK dh j? fiBQK B/ fusoekoh ns/ eftsk
torhnK e'wb ebktK Bz{ th gdkoEtkd$dtzdtkd dh sZeVh Bkb s'fbnk. ebk dhnK jZd
pzdhnK eo fdshnK, d{;aDpkiah F[o{ j' rJh. nkyo jzY/ tos/ ebkeko fJ; d{;aDpkih s'I T[esk
rJ/ ns/ Bt/I ebkekoK Bz{ fJj uzrh Bk bZrh. fJNbh d/ ebk;heb ebkekoK B/ d[BhnK T[go
n;o gkfJnk. tZv/ ebkeko ns/ w'Yh jB, wkJheb J/Iib', fbT{Bkod' d ftB;h, fsBs'o?s',
g/o{ihB' ns/ p'shu?bh. fJBQK B/ :EkoEtkd ftu nkJh yV's Bz{ s'fVnk. g[okDhnK gozgoktK
N[NDhnK F[o{ j'JhnK. :EkoEtkd dh eoz;h jbeh g? rJh.
gqf;ZX coK;h;h fusoeko vhrk, Gkttkdh(impressionist) ;h. T[;B/ ngD/ eth d';s wbkow Bz{
fuZmh fby e/ g[ZfSnk- pj[s nS[j/ s/ Bo'J/ ftuko j'D d/ pkti{d w/o/ s'I uzrh eftsk feT[I BjhI
fbyh iKdh<
wbkow B/ T[so fdZsk- eftsk ftukoK Bkb BjhI fbyh iKdh, ;apdK Bkb fbyh iKdh j?.
ebkeko T[BQK i'rhnK tKr jB i' ftuekobk o;sk BjhI u[Dd/. gzShnK Bz{ vkoftB tKr d/yD
dh EK T[j ;zs coKf;;, ;a/y cohd ns/ r[o{ BkBe d/t dh fdq;aNh s'I d/yd/ jB.
gq;aB- ebk ns/ ebkeko dk fo;ask ;apdK ftu fet/I s?n eo'r/<
T[Zso- jo/e ouBk ftu eosk dk do;aB j?, eosk dk g{oB ftnefsZst gqrN j'e/ ouBk
T[sodh j?. n;hI eJh tko pZu/ Bz{ d/yD;ko nky fdzd/ jK - fJj cbkD/ ykBdkB dk j? iK
fJj cbkD/ dk g[Zso, cbkD/ dk Gok j?. ebk feos ftu'I ebkeko fd;dk j?. eJh nkb'ue
fuso d/yfdnK jh efj fdzd/ jB, fJj j[;?B j?, fJj r[iokb j?. n;hI pzd/ d/ fbpk; s'I gsk
bk b?Id/ jK - fJj w[;bwkB j?, fJj fjzd{ j?, fJj f;Zy j?. fJt/I eJh ebk gkoy{ d/yD ;ko
ikD iKd/ jB fe fJj fuso cbkD/ ekb dh T[gi j?, cbkD/ d/; ns/ cbkD/ ;e{b dk j?.
nkyoh gq;aB- w/o/ tor/ Bk-;wM pzd/ Bz{ ;"yh soQK dZ;' fuZsoekoh d/ w{b sZs fejV/ jB<
T[so- Bk-;wM pzdk T[j BjhI fi; e'b ikDekoh BjhI. p/;wM T[j ;ay; j[zdk j? fijVk ikDB
s'I w[Bfeo j't/. fJ; soQK d/ w[Bfeo Bz{ p/;ae Bk;se nky bt' iK e'Jh j'o ;BwkB:'r ft;a/;aD
d/ fdT[, s[jkvh woih. j[D ;[D' ;tkb dk itkp.
@@o/yk, ozr s/ N'B fszB w{b sZs jB fusoebk d/. o/yk ;G s'I ;hws sZs j?. fJ; Bz{ fwfDnk
ik ;edk j?. ozr ftu Gko j[zdk j?, ;' fJj fwfDnk th ik ;edk j? s'fbnk th ik ;ed?.
ozr gfjb'I bZSD j? c/o Gko, feT[Ife fJj gqek;a th j?. N'B gqek;a ns/ nzXeko dh y/v j?.
nB/e fvroh dhnK N'Bk ekb/ ns/ fuN/ d/ ftueko nk iKdhnK jB. fJBQK fszB/ sZsK T[go
ebkfeqs dk wfjb T[;fonk j'fJnk j?.##
nkoN T[go T[;dh feskp nkX[fBe fusoebk dh ikD gSkD, gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh B/ 1983 ftu
Skgh ;h. fJj j[D nkT{N nkca fgqzN j?. eftsk dh feskp 2003 ftu J/;ahnk ft:Bia b[fXnkDk
B/ Skgh, tkfo; ;akj Bz{ ;wogD eofdnK jho ftu'I fJj pzd fds/ jB L
fJ;ae nk;aeK dk f;de ;kdeK dk
;po ;kpoK ;a'o dhtkfBnK dk.
dkr bkbhnK dk ;'ia p[bp[bK dk
u[g ukg ofjDk w;skfBnK dk.
r[ouoB okwg[oh B/ T[; pkps fbfynk, @@jod/t fusoeko j?, w?I bzw/ ;w/I s'I ikDdk ;K. eth
jod/t j[D/ nukBe fwfbnk. fi; o{g ftu th fwb/ T[; s'I y[;ah fwbdh j?. fJe d' behoK
Bkb T[j w[fNnko, c[Zb, wzrsk ou fdzdk j?, d' S[jK Bkb T[;dk poZ;a w[;ekD f;oi fdzdk j?.
T[j ;zy/g dk ft;atk;h j?. T[; ftu ;[ji s/ ;fji d't/I jB.
1966 ftu ikB w'o/e B/ fbfynk, @@r[Dtzs jod/t f;zx Bz{ g'b?Iv d/ ebuo-nkoN wzsokb/ B/
tiahck d/e/ Gkos s'I ;Zfdnk j?. T[j nkX[fBe Gkosh ebk r?boh d/ f;oieK ftu'I j?. g'b?Iv d/
25
ty ty ;[jD/ EktK s/ ik e/ T[;B/ d' ;" g/IfNzria pDkJhnK jB. tko;k ;w/s T[;B/ y/soh
okiXkBhnK ftu nkgDh ebk dh B[wkfJ;a ehsh s/ ;akpk;a yZNh j?. b'ia ns/ s'o[B tor/ ebk
gq/whnK Bz{ fwbe/ T[;B/ ngD/ cB s'I ikD{ eotkfJnk. g'fb;a fJzvhnB co?Ivf;ag ;';kfJNh tb'I th
T[;dhnK feosK dh B[wkfJ;a bkJh ns/ g;zd ehsh rJh. T[;B/ nkgDhnK BiawK th ;[DkJhnK.
fco do;aeK Bkb T[;dh ;iht r';aNh j'Jh.
1968 ftu wep{b fcdk j[;?B fszB fdBK tk;s/ g'b?Iv ftu nkgDh nkoN B[wkfJ;a bkT[D bJh
nkfJnk sK T[j jod/t e'b fojk. d'tK dk nkoN g;zd ehsk frnk.
1969 ftu fJbZ;No/Nv thebh B/ ;ftZ; nkoN nkb'ue wkoe e[jB dh fNZgDh Skgh, @@jo
g/IfNzr ebkeko s'I e[ZM j'o wzr eodh fd;dh j?, fit/I n;hI nkgD/ nkg Bkb :[ZX eod/ j'J/,
T[j izr fiZsD bZr/ j'JhJ/ fijVk fe;/ ebkeko B/ nZi sZe BjhI fiZfsnk. jod/t dk :[ZX,
T[gobh fd;dh sfj T[s/ BjhI, X[o o{j nzdobk ;zrokw j?. jod/t dk nkoN ;aKs BjhI. brdk
j? nkfd ekbh nkoN Bt/I f;o/ s'I gbk;fNe o{g ftu nkT[D tk;s/ y'b s'V fojk j?. ;Zs ;kb
s'I T[j fJNbh, jkb?Iv s/ g'b?Iv ftu ofj fojk j?, g{oph nB[Gt, gZSw dh seBhe okjhI BthI
f;oiDk dk gq:'r eo fojk j?. edh brdk j? fit/I d{o'I gko'I eftsk ns/ ;zrhs d/ ;[o s[od/
nk oj/ jB s/ ;wekbh nZy fJBQK Bz{ ;[D iK gVQ BjhI ojh, d/y ojh j?. fJj nkfd-ekbh
Gkos d/ ia/to jB.##
220 c[ZN bzw/ ekria d/ pzvb T[go fusfonk j[Bo fijVk T[j g'b?Iv, g?fo; ns/ N'oKN' dhnK
B[wkfJz;aK ftu fdyk u[fenk ;h 1973 ftu N/wia fEJ/No nkoN r?boh e?Ew ftu fdykfJnk.
wkJhe weshno B/ fbfynk, @@nu/sB dk T[pkb pkjo u/sB ftu nk frnk j?. g{oph GktBktK
BZuD bZrhnK jB. ;z;feqs, T[od{ ns/ gzikph d/ nZyo fusoK ftu T[so oj/ jB, ;kfizad/ jB,
Bku j' oj/ jB, e'Jh fdq;a fe;/ nB[;ak;B ftu BjhI. Bkb Bkb fcbw fdykJh ik ojh j? fi;
ftu gzikp dk ebuo s?o fojk j?. fJ; fcbw dk ;zrhs th jod/t B/ ;[opX ehsk j?.##
9 Btzpo 1987 Bz{ gq'c?;o jopz; f;zx uhca n?vhNo f;y ft;ate';a B/ fbfynk- jod/t d/
pkokwkj Bz{ ;aoXKibh dk Bkw fdZsk ikDk :'r j?. J/Bk riap dk nkoN-toe bcaiaK ftu BjhI
nk ;edk. jod/t Bz{ pkDh dh o{j ns/ f;y ebk dh sphns dh gSkD j?. fJj ouBk f;y
Xow dh ftnkfynkekoh ns/ f;y ;"Ido:-;ak;so dk ;fEo ;akjeko j?.
5 wkou 2010 Bz{ nkoN efofNe gqphBk o;ahd B/ nzro/iah fNqfpT{B ftu fbfynk, @@w/o/ torh
rz[rh p'bh bJh okr dk eh wjZst < id jod/t d/ e?Bt; T[go fJeZsh okrK d/ fuZso d/y/,
w?Bz{ okr ftfdnk dh gSkD j' rJh. ;[o dh Gk;ak fJj' j?. jo/e okr s[jkBz{ fBotkD tor/
w[ekw s/ b? iKdk j?. iaywh pkia, f;ZyK d/ iaywh ekcab/ d/y/.
v{vbia n?Iv ;efoZpbia y{p;{os nB[GtK dh feskp j? fijVh gzikph, nzro/iah ns/ g'fb;a fszB
iapkBk ftu fbyh rJh j?. yp/ gk;/ fszB fbZghnK jB, ;Zi/ gk;/ T[;/ GktBk dh vokfJzr. c[Zb
BjhI, fybohnK j'JhnK gZshnK jB, ukj' sK y[d c[b r[zd bt' iK r[bd;sk fsnko eo'. fJ;
feskp pko/ Bts/i Gkosh B/ fbfynk, @@noEK dh w?Nkfcfiae; d[pkok fbyDh gt/rh. f;ob/y s'I
gsk brdk j? fe e[M th ftnoE BjhI j[zdk. x[uw[uhnK dk nkgDk tfuZso ftfrnkB j?. ekm
wko/ j'J/ noE Bkb'I j;dk rkT[Idk gkrbgD pj[sk ;[jDk ihtB j?. fJj feskp pzX/i Bz{ s'Vdh
j?.## jod/t dk nkyDk j?- fijVk beho tkj ;edk j? s/ nZyo fbyDk ikDdk j?, T[; tk;s/
f;oiDk jzeko-:ksok BjhI. fBgz[B Gk;ak ftfrnkBh eth j't/ iao{oh BjhI feT[Ife nkoN, ekohroh
BjhI. fB;auk eoe/, p?m e/, c?;b/ eoe/ wjkB nkoN BjhI f;ofink frnk.##
tko;k d/ fuVhnk xo ftu d[BhnK Go ftu'I fbnKd/ rJ/ fgzifonK dh B[wkfJ;a bkJh rJh.
nypkoK B/ fbfynk, @@tko;k ;afjo dh p;zs o[Zs fdb ftu T[sko'. fco ia{nkb'iheb gkoe ftu
ikT[. fJE/ s[jkBz{ Gkosh gzShnK dhnK fwBhJ/uo g/IfNzria dh B[wkfJ;a Biao nkJ/rh. fJ; w/b/
ftu N'oKN' s'I nkJ/ Gkosh ebkeko jod/t B/ ozr Go/ jB. gzShnK d/ G/d d[BhnK d/ ;ko/
ebkekoK B/ ikDB/ ukj/ jB. oki;EkBh ebkekoK B/ o/;awh eZgV/ T[go fwBhJ/uo g/IfNzria okjhI
fej' fij/ gzSh T[sko fds/ jB, nkdwh dzr ofj iKdk j?. ;qh bzeK, pzrbk d/;a, JhokB,
fJzv'B/;ahnk ns/ wb/;ahnk s'I nkJ/ okid{sK dk ;tkrs eoB tk;s/ tko;k fuVhnkxo dk
vkfJo?eNo o/Iphfiat;eh fJ; ;a' ekoB pj[s y[;a fdZf;nk.
T[;dhnK g/IfNzria, vqkfJzria dh frDsh ;Zs jiako j?. :'og ns/ nwohek ftu T[j ;Zso
B[wkfJ;aK eo u[Zek j?. gzikp dhnK b'e ejkDhnK T[;B/ g'fb;a p'bh ftu fbyhnK.fJj feskp
26
fJe bZy dh frDsh gko eo u[eh j?. T[j cayo Bkb d;dk j? fe 1979 dh gfjbh f;Zy
ekBcoz; e?B/vk ftu T[; B/ eotkJh ;h i' pkd ftu th j[zdh ojh.
jod/t f;zx ;zs[;aN BjhI. T[j efjzdk j?, @@w?I ;cab BjhI j'fJnk.##
;[eoks d/ ;wekbh, g[oksB :{BkB d/ dkB;ato Uo/eb n?N v?bch pkps w;aj{o ;h fe T[;B/
ihtB ftu edh M{m BjhI p'fbnk. T[;Bz{ e[ZM pzfdnK B/ g[ZfSnk- nZi d[BhnK ftu ;G s'I
f;nkDk pzdk e"D j? < Uo/eb B/ fejk- ;[eoks. fJj rZb ;[eoks Bz{ dZ;h rJh sK T[;B/
fejk- w?Bz{ gZek gsk j? fe w?Bz{ e[ZM gsk BjhI.
T[; tor/ j'o ebkeko gzikp ftu iBw b?D, w?I T[vhe eo fojk jK. fwbNB dk
;tkb j?- fijVk pzdk T[vhe eo fojk j?, s[jkvk eh fynkb j? T[j e'Jh ezw BjhI eo fojk <
27
GkJh be;atho f;zx
gfjbh tko fwbD bJh vkH skfoe feckfJs[Zbk (w[yh, cko;h ftGkr, gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk) ;w/s gfotkoK Bkb id'I u?b tb 31-10-06 B{z s[o/ sK s[oB s'I gfjbK fJe tko fco
GkJh be;atho f;zx d/ p/N/ feq;aBtho f;zx Bz{ c'B eoe/ g[ZfSnk- s[jkvh e'mh bZGKr/ fet/I< T[j
jZ; fgnk, fejk- w[;aeb BjhI nkJ/rh. ;kv/ e'b f;oBktK 1969 ftu gqekf;as j'Jh cko;h dh
feskp w[Bkikfs pkwdkdh d/ eosk dk ;h, e/tb J/Bk- tho fBtk;, f;awbk fjZbia, u?b.
T[E/ g[Zi e/ gsk bZrk fe BkGk fonk;s dk 88 ;kbk fJj ;odko nZX/ u?b dk wkbe
j?. d[gfjo v/Y ti/ T[BQK d/ ewo/ ftu dkyb j'J/. jt/bh dk ;?INob jkb 25%25 c[ZN
vokfJzr o{w th j? GkJh ;kfjp dk p?vZo{w th. d' ;'ck ;?NZ jB s/ ezX Bkb bZr/ dhtkB T[go
GkJh be;atho f;zx b/N/ gJ/ ;B. ;kB{z d/y e/ dhtkB T[go p?m rJ/ s/ yVQ/ j'D dk :sB
eoB bZr/. pkjK Gko Bk u[Ze ;ehnK sK skfoe ns/ w?I ;jkok d/D bJh s/iah Bkb nZr/ nkJ/.
n;hI ;'funk ;akfJd r[;bykB/ ikDk j't/. id'I n;hI uoB S[j/, yb'fsnK yb'fsnK T[BQK B/ n;h;K
fdshnK. w?I g[ZfSnk- fe; gk;/ ikDk j? GkJh ;kfjp< efjD bZr/- fe;/ gk;/ BjhI. j[D ;fji/
;fji/ fpmk fdT[. fpmk fds/. fco g[ZfSnk- GkJh ;kfjp yVQ/ feT[I j'J/ ;h s[;hI< efjD br/-
J/v/ tv/ wfjwkB J/Bh d{o'I nkJ/ j'D sK w/iapkB T[m/rk th Bk< ;kv/ xo fJ; soK dk d;s{o
BjhI GkJhU. wfjwkB, xo nzdo edw oZy/, w?I yb' e/ nkdo eoB i'rk BK ojK, fJ; s'I
gfjbK fco wjkoki w?B{z nkgD/ e'b jh p[bk b?D.
d/o gfjbK gVQh iBw;kyh dk fdq;a :kd nkfJnk i' fJ; gqeko j? -
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih bzwh :ksok s'I tkg; gos/ sK nkgD/ xo BjhI rJ/. okfJ p[bko yK ih dh
jt/bh g[Zi/. okfJ wzih T[go p?m/ ;B. T[awo tXhe j' rJh ;h. wjkoki B{z d/yfdnK wzih s'I
T[mD dk :sB eoB bZr/ go T[fmnk Bk frnk. pkpk ih s/ia edwh nr/ nkJ/ s/ okfJ p[bko
ih d/ r'fvnK T[go d't/I jZE oZy/.
okfJ B/ fejk, @@pkpk tZvk i[bw ehs' w?I T[go. s[;K B{z ;Zfdnk ;h, i' edw u[zwK. ;kvh d/j B{z
jZE feT[I bkfJnk< pkpk ;kB{z wko BKj.##
wjkoki B/ c[owkfJnk, @@okfJ ih s[;hI tZv/ j'. n;hI s[jkvh goik jK.## okfJ p'b/, @@pkpk w?B{z
s{z py;a. no eosko s'I ph py;ak.## r[o{ pkp/ p'b/, @@s[;hI X[o'I py;/ j'J/ j'.## okfJ B/ fco
fejk, @@w?* T[go nkgDh ph e[S fwjopkBh eo pkpk iK fco fJj d; w?* fwjopkBh dk
jZedko Bjh*.## pkp/ cowkfJnk, @@okfJ ih fiE? n;hI fsE? s[;hI.## okfJ B/ fejk, @@ohM g{oh, sK
j't? pkpk i/ wZEk edwK T[go oZyD dh fJikias fwb/.## okfJ pj[s nXho j'fJnk sK pkp/ dh
nkfrnk Bkb f;o edwK s/ oZfynk no pj[s fprf;nk. pkp/ B/ n;h;K fdZshnK.
skfoe ns/ w?I brksko wfj;{; eod/ oj/ fe fizBh yksodkoh, ;bhe/ Bkb fJj gfotko eo
fojk j?, n;hI T[; d/ T[ZB/ jZedko BjhI jK. T[BQK s'I sK f;ZyD nkJ/ jK pVk e[ZM. f;yKdo{ fezB/
;BwkB:'r j[zd/ jB, fJ; jt/bh ftu'I gsk bZrk. ekbhdk; w/xd{s B{z w[ykfsp j'e/ nkydk j?L
-o;s/ ftu e?bk;a gops nkT[Dr/ j/ w/x. fXnkB Bkb j/mK d/ydk ikJhI. fJe f;abk nfijh j?
fi; T[go f;atih d/ uoBk d/ fB;akB T[eo/ j'J/ ;kc fdykJh fdzd/ jB. fJ; f;abk B{z gqDkw s/
gjkVh d[nkb/ gfoeowk eohI. j' ;edk j? f;at dh sbk;a ftu gkopsh fJXo T[Xo GNedh
fd;/. i/ fdZ; gt/ sK w{oyK tKr T[; d/ f;o T[go wzvoKdk Bk fcohI. s[ozs poc pDe/ r'oh
wK d/ edwK j/m ftS ikJhI. jZEK s'I ;ZgK d/ ezrD T[sko e/ f;at ih id'I r'oh wK B{z gjkVh
T[go uVQB bJh jZE dk ;jkok d/D bZrD, sK edwk j/m g"VhnK pDe/ ftSdk ikJhI. c/o s{z
fJ; soK eohI j/ w/x.
28
fJ; ;ab'e ftu r'oh wK skfbp/ fJbw (ftfdnkoEh) j? s/ f;at, ftfdnk wkoszv. ekbhdk; d/
fjod/ ftu ftfdnkoEh bJh T[ZBk nkdo j? fizBk r'oh wK bJh. tho fBtk; ftu ftZfdnk dk
dfonk tr fojk j?. n;hI fJE/ fJ;aBkB eoe/ tkg; gos/ jK. tkg;h tes pko pko fdb
T[go fJj fynkb skoh ;h- i/ fJ; B/epyas fJB;kB d/ uoB Bk S[j/ j[zd/, fJj ftdkn j' u[Zek
j[zdk sd fezB/ nGkr/ j'Dk ;h. gsk BjhI brdk nfdZy ;aeshnK fet/I Y'n Y[ekT[IdhnK jB.
fit/I 1782 JhH ftu izw/ GkH osB f;zx Gzr{ B{z e'Jh gsk BjhI ;h fe f;Zy fJfsjk; dk fJe
wjkB rqzE ouDk gt/rk. fJe ;pZp pfDnk s/ rzEq 1809 JhH ftu F[o{ eoe/ 1841 ftu w[ezwb
eo fbnk. jEbh fbys ftu gkme B{z ;aKs fus, nB{m/ ;akfJo, noph ns/ cko;h ftdtkB d/
do;aB nzf;ae s"o s/ j'Dr/ go gfjb'I T[BQK B{z fwbD d/ ;pZp dk fiaeo eohJ/.
fJe ;kb gfjbK ftnkj d/ ;Zd/ gZso nB[;ko fds/ ;w/I s'I jkbK fe w?I nZX xzNk b/N g[Zik go
T[E/ ;odkoBh ns/ ;odko ;toB f;zx p'gkokfJ (tkJh;-uK;bo, gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk)
s'I fpBK j'o e'Jh wfjwkB BjhI g[Zik ;h. tXhe wfjwkB j[zd/ sK w?I p'gkokfJ s'I feBkoe;ah eo
;edk ;h go j[D sK c; rJ/. ;fs ;aqh nekb T[gozs w?I Biadhe p?m frnk. rZbK eofdnK
T[BQK dZf;nk - fJe rqzE nkgD/ gk; g[Zik j?. pj[s tZv/ ;ekbo ns/ ;akfJo B/ edh ig[ih dk
cko;ah Biaw ftu soiwk ehsk ;h. JhokB d/ ;akj B/ fJ;dk gkm ehsk sK J/Bk uzrk bZrk fe
fJe bZy dhBko JhBkw, nkT[D ikD dk youk s/ ;akjh wfjwkB ti'I yksodkoh dh g/;ae;a ehsh.
fBwosk Bkb ;akfJo GkJh be;atho f;zx ih B/ Fa[eokBk eofdnK g/;ae;a s'I fJBeko ehsk. fJj
rqzE nkgK :{Bhtof;Nh tb'I Bk Skg d/JhJ/<
w?I fejk - T[es fJsbkj ftu fezBk e[ ;Zu j?, eh gsk. nkgK B{z fJ; T[go ftdtkBK dh okfJ
b?Dh ukjhdh j?. T[BQK B/ nrb/ fdB w/o/ gk; w{b feskp G/i fdZsh. w?I gq'c?;o ihHn?;H fonkb4
e'b feskp b? frnk. w/o/ e'b feskp feE'I nkJh, fezBh e[ wjZstg{oB j?, e[M BjhI dZf;nk.
e/tb J/Bk fejk- fJj feskp jZE bZrh j? fJe. d/fyT[ Gbk fJ; ftu e[ZM j? fe BjhI. T[BQK
B/ oZy bJh. gzi S/ fdBk pkd fco frnk. w/o/ tb'I rZb BjhI fSVh, efjD bZr/, s{z fijVh
feskp d/ frnk ;h w[Bkikfs pkwdkdh, raiap dh ouBk d/yh. d/o pkd uZi dh e'Jh uhia gVQB
B{z fwbh. s?B{z gs? w?I gkm BjhI eodk. brksko fJe p?me ftu ig[ih dk edh gkm BjhI
ehsk. w?I sK fJe fJe gzesh, edh edh fJe' ;apd T[go eJh eJh fdB bzxk fdzdk jK.
cko;h ftu fbyh fJ; bzwh Biaw dk gkm w/o/ s'I fJe' p?me ftu j' frnk. fJjdh iapkB nkw
cko;h BjhI. fJ; B{z n;hI wyawbh cko;h fejk eod/ jK. fjzd[;skBh ebk;heb cko;h J/Bh
;{yw BjhI j?. fJ; Biaw ftu tosh p'bh JhokBh cko;h j?. tv/ nB[Gt ftu'I T[soh ;akfJoh j?.
nBikD nkdwh B{z gsk BjhI bZr/rk fe fJj fe;/ j'o rqzE dk soiwk j?. y[d p y[d fJ; ftu
;[szso ;zg{oBsk ibtkB[wk j?.
fJj ;[De/ w?I fejk- ngDh okfJ fby e/ fdT[. T[BQK B/ fby fdsh. fco skfoe ;kfjp e'b
frnk. T[BQK B{z feskp d/ fgS'eV pkps e[M BjhI dZf;nk. feskp d/ e/ fejk- d/yDk Gbk
gq'c?;o ;kfjp fJ; ftu e[M ezw dk j? fe BjhI. uko fdBK pkd T[BQK dk c'B nkfJnk, fejk-
s[;hI nkT[r/ fe w?I nktK< dcaso ftu p?mk jK. w?I ubk frnk. T[BQK fejk- fJ; feskp dh
Biaw, JhokB dh cko;h iapkB ftu fbyh j?. fJ; B{z n;hI JhokBh o/;aw efjzd/ jK. fjzd[;skBh
cko;h ;hiaBv ;krtkB j? fi; ftu'I jzYD;ko ;[jDk coBhuo pDdk j?. JhokBh cko;h ftu
pZfunK d/ wk;{w p'bK torh e'wbsk j?, t/bK ns/ c[ZbK fijh Biakes. ;akfJo dk fynkb ns/
fjews dzr eodh j?. fJj SgDh ukjhdh j?. w?I p/Bsh ehsh fe nkgDh okfJ fby fdT[. T[BQK
fby fdsh. id'I g[ZfSnk- s[;hI s/ s[jkvk cko;h ftGkr fJ; dk r[ow[yh fbghnKsoD ns/ soiwk
gzikph ftu eoB bJh oiakwzd j' ikJ/rk< T[BQK fejk- i/ ;kB{z fJj B/e ezw fwb ikt/ sK j'o
eh ukjhdk j?< fizBk ;wK fJ; T[go ezw eoKr/, T[j ykb; pzdrh j't/rh. w/ohnK ftfdnkoEDk
wBdhg e"o ns/ dbihs e"o wddrko j'DrhnK.
fJj ezw S/ wjhB/ ftu g{ok j' frnk. ezfgT{No fgqzN b? fbnk frnk. ;kvk ;[Gkr fe ;akfJo
ni/ ekfJw dkfJw j?. ;'funk fe gq?Z; ftu ikD s'I gfjb'I yoVk b/ye gVQ bt/ sd fJj ouBk
29
iaho' fvc?eN j' ikJ/rh. ;kvk nksw ft;tk;a ekfJw oZyD bJh th fJj rZb ;jkJh j'Dh ;h.
feskp T[go fby/ f;oBkt/I- tho fBtk;, u?b ys gk fdZsk. c'B Bzpo BjhI ;h. fJj gsk th
pVk g[okDk ;h. gsk BjhI itkp nkJ/rk fe Bk. wjhB/ pkd itkp nkfJnk, GkJh be;atho f;zx
dk ys. jZE fbys ezpd/ jZEK dh. ;fji/ ;fji/ gVQh. fbfynk ;h- T[wo pj[s j' rJh j?.
mhe BjhI fby j[zdk. nZy dk nkgq/;aB j'fJnk j?. ni/ mhe BjhI jK. jkb/ Bk nkfJU. jkb/
yoVk Bk G/fiU. S/ wjhfBnK pkd fco ys fbfynk s/ p/Bsh ehsh fe nkgDk c'B Bzpo sK
fdT[. w?I nkgD/ c'B Bzpo ys ftu fby e/ G/i fds/.
d; e[ fdBk pkd T[BQK d/ S'N/ p/N/ feq;aBtho f;zx dk c'B nk frnk. uko c'B Bzpo fbykJ/ s/
fejk- j[D fgsk ih mhe jB. id'I ih eo/ nk ikfJT[. gfjbK ;kB{z c'B eo d/Dk ih. p'gkokfJ
ih Bkb rZb ehsh sK T[BQaK fejk- fJe Btzpo 06 B{z u?b uZbKr/ s/ fwbe/ d' B{z tkg; nk
iktKr/. w?I fejk- s[;hI nk ikDk, n;hI jcsk T[E/ ofj e/ ezw fBp/V btKr/. go w/o/ gk;
thH;hH nkfc; s'I ;[B/jk nk frnk fe e'Jh io{oh ezw ;dek T[j ikD s'I n;woE jB. w?I
fonkb ns/ skfoe B{z c'B eoe/ uZbD bJh fejk. fonkb ;kfjp B{z fJ;/ fdB fJe Btzpo B{z
;qa'wDh ;kfjseko dk ;N/N n?tkov fwbDk ;h, T[j Bk ik ;e/. w?I ns/ skfoe v/Y ti/ u?b
g[Zi/. fi; EK N?e;hnK o[edhnK jB, T[E/ fJe i[nkB s/iah Bkb ;kv/ tb nk e/ efjD bZrk-
gfNnkfbT[I< w?I fejk- feq;aBtho ih<
ykDk ykXk, ukj ghsh, sd GkJh ;kfjp dk pkd d[gfjo ;?;aB ;a[o{ j'fJnk. xzNk e[ jkb jtkb
g[ZSd/ dZ;d/ oj/. T[BQK d/ w/ia T[go'I w?I yoVk jZE ftu u[e e/ fejk - c/o F[o{ eohJ/ GkJh
;kfjp< T[BQK fejk- yoVk fiE'I u[Zfenk T[E/ oZy fdT[. e'Jh ekjbh BjhI ;kB{z. w/oh feskp j?
Bk< w?I p/u?B BjhI sK s[;hI p/u?B feT[I j'< nZi e'Jh ezw BjhI eoBk. w?I s[jkB{z dZ;Krk w?I eh
jK, s[jkB{z g[ZSKrk s[;hI eh j'. i/ ih ehsk eZbQ B{z ezw eoKr/, Bk ih ehsk eZbQ th BjhI. s[;hI
edh d/fyn? pJh fjoB xkj fJeZmk eod/ fcoB< sK th G[Zy-woh Bkb BjhI wod/.
s[jkvk eh Bkw j? gq'c?;o ;kfjp< T[sZo- skfoe. T[j jZ; gJ/- s[;hI skfoe ed'I j'< skfoe
(;z;ko s'I ftoZes) sK w?I jK. ;skoK ;kb j' rJ/ w?I fJ; j[io/ ftu'I pkjo BjhI fBefbnk. eko
w/o/ n?B dotki/ sZe nkT[Idh j?. pZxh ns/ gkbeh fejVk wzrtk BjhA ;edk< pZ;, d/y bJh
d[BhnK pE/oh. nZXk u?b w/o?. pZuk pZuk w?B{z ikDd/. fe;/ B{z g[ZS'r/ fe GkJh be;atho e"D jB,
ikDd/ j'< ;G efjDr/ ikDd/ jK. c/o g[ZS'- ed/ d/y/< fe;/ B/ BjhI d/fynk. ;' ;jh skfoe w?I
jK, s[;hI Bkw d/ skfoe. u?b dh th ejkDh ;[D bT[. wjkokik G[fgzdo f;zx B/ tkfJ;okfJ dh
r'oh S/V fdZsh sK ;oeko tbkfJs B/ f;awb/ T[BQK dk dkybk pzd eo fdZsk. T[BQK B/ u?b
t;kT[D dk c?;bk ehsk . fizBh iwhB T[BQK yohdh T[ZBh w? A yohd bJh. p; n?It/ yohd bJh
. fJj dZ;D bJh pJh s[z{ sK gfNnkbk fonk;s dk j'fJnk wjkokik. s/o/ fizBh iawhB sK BkG/
fonk;s dk fJe wkw{bh ;odko yohd ;ed?. d'jK fonk;sK dk ;aohek g[okDk ubdk nkfJn?.
p; fJj' fijhnK cia{b fijhnK fiaZdK j'fJnk eodhnK ;B, w{oyK tkbhnK. Gbk fJBQK rZbK ftu
eh fgnk ;h < fJe gk;/ w/oh o[uh T[Zsw cko;h ;kfjs gVQB dh, d{i/ gk;/ fJj cai{b fij/
ezw.
@@go id'I ed/ nkgDhnK iawhBk dk d"ok eoB nkTAI{dk, gjkV s/ gjkVBk ;[jDhnK brdhnK.
edh edh fjoB dk f;aeko eodk. fjoB fejVk S'N/ j[zd/ ;B< ni tkb/ rX/ s'I tv/ j[zd/ ;B
fjoB T[d'I fJE/. c/o fJE/ t; frnk.
BkG/ s'I fJE/ iK fes/ j'o, x'V/ T[s/ nkfJnk ikfJnk eodk ;K. x'Vk ;[jDk pVk ;h w/ok.
okZfJb ;h T[jdk Bkw . T[go'I fJe d{i/ Bkb i[V/ j'J/ ezB, r[zpd pD iKdk. ezB d/ fgSb/
gk;/ iV ftu fBeh fijh G"oh. ft;atk;a j[zdk ;h x'fVnK tkfbnK dk fe G"oh tkbk x'Vk pVk
eowK tkbk j[zd?. NZp ftu d[ZX gke/ X'JhnK rkioK gk fdzdk, T[jd/ ykD tk;s/. nkg S'bhnk
tZY e/ fbnkTAd[k, X'e/ wzi/ T[go oZye/ gkDh e/odk s/ fJe fJe p[oeh nkgD/ jZEhI y[nKT[Idk.
30
seVk pVk ;h. riap dh d[Veh ;h T[;dh . fsZyh uVQkJh uVQfdnK th w?A T[jdh brkw fyu
fyu oydkHHHHH eV eV eVHH eVHHH eodk T[j T[vDk ukj[zdk. fJsokia eodk fe w?A brkw feT[I
fyue/ oydK. c[zeko/ wkodk, g?o gNedk, g{S s/iah Bkb fjbkT[Idk. s"pk, pkpk, x'Vk feE/, pkia
;h pkia. fJe fdB w?A fe;/ gk;/ Bz{ uVQdh grvzvh tZb s'o fbnk. uVQdk frnk jw/;a tKr
fsyh ukb. fJe EK ike/ o[e frnk. w?A sK j'fJnk ;akfJo. fBrkjK n;wkB tb s/ fynkb
n;wkB s'I gko. fJj s/iasoko wz{jia'o x'Vk o[e feT[I frnk< fJj ikDB tk;s/ fJXo T[Xo
Biao wkoh sK dfjb g? frnk w?Bz{. yZp/ gk;/ ezX tKr yb'sk f;Xk ;b/N gjkV. ;Zi/ gk;/ d' ;"
ria vz{xh yZv. fe;/ gk;/ T[soB i'rk BK. nZSh B;b d/ x'V/ Bz{ id'I gsk bZr ikJ/ fe fgS/
w[VB i'rk o;sk BjhI, T[j T[E/ o[e ikfJnk eodk j?. w;K d' c[ZN u"Vh grvzvh. x'Vk yVk
u[gukg. w?A ;'funk d't/I BjhI woB/ ukjhd/, ;kv/ ftu'I fJe iDk sK pu/. w?A T[;dh rodD d/
tkb cV/, bwe e/ rodD d/ j/m T[so frnk. T[;B/ fJe g"V T[go u[Ze fdsk. w?A T[;d/ g/N
j/m'I dh ;oedk j'fJnk T[;dhnK fgSbhnK bZsK sZe g[Zik. T[;B/ fJe bZs u[e fdsh. w?I fgS/
fBeb frnk. nkg fgS/ jNdk frnk s/ x'V/ Bz{ tkg; p[bkDk F[o{ ehsk. T[j j"bh j"bh g[m
g?ohI fgS/ tb s[oB bZrk. s[od/ s[od/ id'I nfijh EK g[Zi/ fiE'I T[j w[V ;edk ;h, T[E'I n;hI
tkg; gos/.
@@fJe gk;/ J/Bk wz{jia'o fe okZfJb o'fenK Bk o[edk, go i/ o;s/ ftu e'Jh w?Bz{ ;fs ;qh nekb
p[bk fdzdk, T[Eh o[e iKdk. T[; Bz{ gsk j[zdk fe ;odko B/ th sK T[;dk jkb ukb g[ZSDk j?.
BhthI gkJh T[Bh d/o yb'sk ofjzdk fiZBh d/o s[oB dk fJ;akok Bk fwbdk.
@@fJe fdB dh xNBk d;dK. ;?o eoe/ tkg; nk fojk ;K sK gzi uko ;" pzfdnK dk fJeZm
d/fynk. x'Vk o'e fbnk, d/yhJ/ eh j' foj?. eKro; dk bhvo j[zdk ;h fJe, fgqEth f;zx
nkiakd. T[;B/ nkiakdh x[bkNhnK dk ;BwkB eoBk ;h. 1950 dh rZb j? fJj. cohvw ckJhNo
;BwkB/ ikD bZr/. Bkw p'fbnk iKdk - T[; pko/ fejk iKdk - fit/I r[o{ noiB d/t B/ s;hj/
MZb/, fJ; GkJh B/ T[tI/ e;aN ;j/. rb ftu jko, ;BwkB. nrb/ dk Bkw fbnk iKdk - fJ;
B/ pkpk dhg f;zx tKr beho tkj fdZsh ;h, jko, ;BwkB. nkiakd dh fBrkj w/o/ tZb j'Jh sK
fejk - nk ikU GkJh ;kfjp ih, ;N/i s/ nk ikT[. s[jkv/ puB ;[DB/ jB. nkU. w?I fejk-
;N/i T[go sK w?A nkT[Dk BhI, i/ r[;skyh Bk ;wM' sK fJE/ okZfJb dh fgZm T[go p?fmnK p?fmnK
e'Jh rZb ejK< T[BQK fejk - ih ;fs puB. c[owkU. s[jkv/ p'b ;kv/ bJh w[ZbtkB jB.
w?I fejk - @@nfijk j'Dk ;zGt j? fe nfGnk; eodk eodk e'Jh i[nkB J/vk wjkB sho nzdkia
j' ikJ/ fe Xo{ skok c[zv dJ/. j' ;ed? fJj. go T[;dk Bkw r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx BjhI j' ;edk.
tZfvnK d/ Bkw fet/I bJhd/ B/, i/ s[jkBz{ Bh gsk c/o GkJh d[BhnK Bz{ gsk fet/I bZr/rk< s[;hI
nkiakdh x[bkNhnK Bz{ ;BwkfBs eo oj/ j' fe ngwkfBs< fJBQK B/ uzr/ ezw ehs/ B/, fJBQK dh
fJZias j'J/, fJj w/oh ekwBk j?, go fJ; fJeZm Bz{ gsk jh BjhA bZr fojk fe fJj j' eh foj?<
w/o/ s'I bkjBsK jk;b eoB d/ th s[;hI jZedko BjhI. jt/bh ike/ y[d Bz{ bkjBsK gktKrk fe
w?I ijkbs GohnK rZbK ;[DB bJh T[E/ feT[AI o[fenk. fJj rZbK d/o sZe w?Bz{ p/u?B
eoBrhnK.@@ gzB{ ;kfjp, d/fynk< fJ; xNBk Bz{ phfsnK 56 ;kb j' rJ/ B/ nZi. w?Bz{ nZi sZe
:kd n?. ;[Dk fdsh Bk s[jkBz{< :kBh fe ni/ sZe p/u?B eo ojh j? w?Bz{ fJj xNBk. w?I ekjBz{
o[eDk ;h T[E/< nkgD/ okZfJb T[go p?mk d"VK bkT[Idk ofjzdk.
@@okZfJb fpwko j' frnk fJe fdB. pV/ UjV g'jV ehs/. jehwk dh s/ dtkdko{ dh eh xkN
;h< go dod xNdk BjhI ;h. w?A ;wM frnk fe j[D i'V ftSVBr/. id'I e'Jh tkj Bk uZb/,
T[d'I nkgK c/o T[jh eod/ j[zB/nK Bk i' w?A ehsk. pZfunK Bz{ nky fdsk - w?Bz{ p[bkT[Dk BjhI,
ukj gkDh BjhI g[SDk. w?AI ;[ywBh ;kfjp ih dk r[Nek b? e/ T[;d/ f;o d/ Biadhe p?m frnk
s/ gkm eoB bZrk. gkm eofdnK eofdnK T[;dk f;o gb';dk. T[;dk dod xND bZrk. go
Bkb Bkb nZyK th pzd j'D bZrhnK. ub' F[eo j?. ftSVBk j? sKftSV ikJ/. sVgdk BjhI Bk
d/y j[zdk. fco T[;B/ w/oh r'd ftu nyhobk ;kj fbnk.
31
@@E'vk fynkb n? pJh n;hI N'fJnk g[ZfNnk s/ fco xVh; e/ okZfJb Bz{ N'J/ ftu dZp nkJ/< fJj
fotki BjhI J/E/. T[; dh noEh w'fYnK s/ u[e e/ dcB eoB rJ/ ;K n;hI. d/y bT[ GkJh.
;Zi/ yZp/, T[ukD j? iK YbkD. fezB/ nkdwh bZr/ j'Dr/ fJ; ezw ftu s/ fezB/ n"y/ j'J/ j'tKr/
n;hI fJ;Bz{ gjkVh s'I T[skod/ j'J/. c/o eh j'fJnk< fpibh dh fb;aeko tKr fijVk gjkVh
T[go w?Bz{ fpmke/ uVQdk j[zdk ;h, T[j iwhB j/m ;akBk Bkb T[so/rk BK.
@@e[s/ oydk j[zdk ;K w?I. e[s/ Bz{ y[d pkjK ftu u[e e/ dcB eoB ikfJnk eodk ;K.
@@nj[ d/y' w/ok vkpow?B. fd;d?< nZy ns/ iZs dh fb;ae d/yh< ;zrbh y[bk frnk fJe fdB.
ekp{ Jh Bk nkJ/. e'Jh ;zrbh cVe/ B/V/ ikJ/ sK tZY/. BZ;dk BZ;dk nj[ ik p?mk d' whb T[uh
gjkVh s/. G"Ieh ikJ/, j/mK Bk nkJ/. pZu/ w/o/ e'b nkJ/ efjD bZr/ - fgsk ih s[;hI eo' e'Jh
jhbk. ;jkok d/ e/ w?Bz{ T[E/ b? rJ/ fiE/ okZbc Bz{ w?I ;kc fd;dk ;K. fJj fijVh ;'Nh w/o/
jZE @u n? Bk j[D, fJj' T[Zgo bfjok e/ T[uh d/Dh fejk - wko ykJ/Irk okbca. S/sh T[Zso
j/m. w?I T[vhe fojK s?Bz{.
ikBto ;'Nh d/y e/ edh GZik nkfJnk eod?< ;'Nh sK ikBto Bz{ GikT[D bJh j[zdh n?. go
w/o/ okZbca Bz{ w/ok s/ w?Bz{ T[;dk gs?. T[j grvzvhnK T[godh BjhI, gjkV s'I j/mK f;ZXk d"fVnk.
w?I vfonk pJh fes/ fc;b Bk ikt/. nke/ w/oh r'dh ftu wz{j oZy e/ v[;eD bZrk. w?I fejk,
w?Bz{ gs? g[Zso, w?I eJh fdBK s'I s/o/ Bkb rZbK Bh ehshnK. go d/y sK iok w?I j[D mhe BjhI
ofjzdk. w/o/ s'I fezB/ fezB/ fdB ngD/ ewo/ u'I Bh fBeb j[zdk. p[ok Bh wBkJhIdk tZfvnK dh
ykw';ah dk g[Zsok. fco w?I pZfunK Bz{ fejk - fbnkT[ pJh ;zrbh fbnkT[. fijVk iDk woiah
;zrbh b? nkJ/, pzBQ bJ/, tY/rk BjhI. fJe pZu/ B/ ;zrbh gk bJh. uz{ uz{ eodk fojk. g{S
fjbkT[Idk fojk. w/o/ s'I f;tk fe;/ e'b'I fp;e[N BjhI ykX/ T[; fdB. id'I w?I eJh eJh fdBk
pkd d"fonK s'I tkg; w[Vdk j[zdk sK nkgD/ e[ZfsnK Bz{ ;cao dhnK ;G rZbK ;[DkfJnk eodk
;K. i/ Bk ;[DkT[Idk G"Ied/ ofjzd/.
@@gq'c?;o', eoBh ;h feskp dh e'Jh rZb. S/V p?mk T[obhnK gobhnK. gzithI iwks ftu w?Bz{
nfj;k; j'D bZr fgnk ;h fe w?AI edh cko;h dk ;akfJo pDKrk. w"bth s;Bhw ih s'I cko;h
f;Zyh. w/o/ tb T[Irb eoe/ fejk eod/ ;h - ekm ek :/ T[Zb{ cko;h ek nkjbk ;akfJo j'rk
J/e fdB. nZmthI d/ ;oNhfce/N T[go j?vwk;No B/ i' gzesh jZEhI fbyh T[j j? - :j skfbp/
fJbw itK j'eo cko;h ek niahw ;akfJo j', w/oh swzBk j?. nkwhB. d;yas. s[;hI th efjzd/
j', j'oK B/ th pVh tko fejk fe s[jkBz{ J/Bh ;[jDh cko;h feE'I fwb rJh. nukBe BjhI
fwbh. edh JhokB BjhI frnk. w/o/ tZv/ Gok B/ cko;h dh n?wHJ/H r'bv-w?vb b? e/ ehsh.
;koh T[wo cko;h d/ fszB tke ;jh BjhI fby ;fenk. w/o/ e'b nk iKdk mhe eokT[D bJh.
w?Bz{ edh edh brdk j[zdk fit/I fgSb/ iBw ftu w?I JhokBh jh Bk fes/ j'tK. ;apdK dk eh
n?< ;apdK Bkb sK fve;aBoh Goh gJh n?. e"D gVQd? fve;aBoh< U GkJh bciaK dh esko Bz{
iapkB BjhI efjzd/. gfjbK fJjBz{ fynkb fdT[. c/o J/; ftu ozr Go', c/o ;[rzX Go', c/o
;zrhs Go'. J/Bk e[M oukT[Dk g?Idk j? bcaiK ftu sK ik e/ e'Jh dkB;ato ceho jkfcia ;ahokiah
nytkT[Idk j?. w?Bz{ cko;h s'I f;tkfJ j'o e'Jh wiw{B GkT[Idk jh BjhI ;h. fj;kp ftu ewia'o
;K. i'o bkT[Idk sK fj;kp th nk iKdk. fJwfsjkB ftu i/ d/ydk fj;kp ftZu'I pj[s ;tkb jZb
eoB/ nkT[Id/ jB sK th 35-40 BzpoK s'I tX Bk nkT[D, fJzB/ e[ eZY nkT[Idk. ;'udk i/ tZX
Bzpo b?D bZr frnk sK pkg{ B/ efjDk j? fe fj;kp gfVQnk eo. w?I ;'funk eodk, fco cko;h
ftu ;akfJoh e"D eo/rk<
w?I g[fSnk - GkJh ;kfjp s[jkvh Biaw pko pko gVQfdnK, bfrnk, s[jkv/ T[Zgo GkJh Bzd bkb
ih dk n;o j't/<
T[BQK fejk - BjhI ih. GkJh Bzd bkb ih tZv/ jB, T[BQK T[go jkfcaia ;ahokih dk n;o j?. w/o/
T[go ;a/y ;kndh dk n;o j?. r?p[br?p d/ ijkB ftu ;ahokiah dk wokspk ;a/y ;kndh Bkb'I
32
fes/ T[u/ wekw T[go j?. T[BQK torh fe;ws fe; Bz{ B;hp j'J/rh< GkJh Bzd bkb tZfvnK d/
w[ohd ;B, pj[s tfvnK d/, ebrhXo j}{o d/ edw S[j/ j'D fi; B/, e"D T[; tork j'
;e/rk<
- sK th GkJh ;kfjp pj[s ;kdrh ns/ e'wbsk j? s[jkvh p'bh ftu.
T[BQK fejk - @@s[jkv/ tkbh ghjVh ck;Nc{v ghjVh j?. sNcN. n;hI jko/ ftu Xoh ekVQBh tKr
jK. ;ji. r?;h u[ZbQ/ T[go rowkfJnk d[ZX fes/ ekVQBh d/ d[ZX tork j' ;ed?< ekVQBh d/ d[ZX
ftu e[dosh fwmk; nkJh s/ d/y' j"bh j"bh d[ZX B/ nZr e'b'I r[bkph ozr th u[ok fbnk. bj{,
d[X ftu spdhb j' iKdk j? go bzwk no;k brdk j? fJ;Bz{. Xh izwdh j?, y/vdh y/vdh
i[nkB j[zdh j?, fco to bGd/ jK, fco ;zskB g?dk j[zdh j?. fJzBk no;k bj{ T[vhedk ofjzdk
j? fe w?I edh d[ZX pDK. E'Vk e[ eowk tkbk fjZ;k d[ZX pDdk j? ;kok BjhI. ;wK brdk j?.
j' iKdh j? eokwks, w[;b;b pzdrh ;dek.
@@s[jkv/ fynkb ftu ;[bskBg[o d/ w'dh ykB/ ftu r[o{ pkpk ih Bz{ s/oK s' nr/ frDsh G[b
rJh ;h< T[j, GkJhU p/fj;kp ;h BK fijVk, T[; B/ fj;kpK s'I yfjVk S[vkT[Dk ;h S[vk fbnk.
T[;Bz{ e"D pBQ/rk frDshnK fwDshnK ftu.
@@n?t/I Bh nk rJh ;ahohI iapkB cko;h w?Bz{. d;thI iwks sZe ebrh s'I b?e/ wjkoki d/ i'fVnK
sZe w?I cko;h d/ e;hd/ fby fby ;ikJ/. e;hdk fbydk. wjkoki nr/ noi'Jh eodk - pkpk
ih E'Vh e[ cko;h dh Biaw d/ fdT[. J/Bh sK w?I Bh wzrdk fizBh s[;hI GkJh Bzd bkb ih Bz{
fdZsh ;h. E'Vh e[ sK fdT[. s[jkv/ ;kjwD/ gq'c?;o' fijVk fJj p[ZYk p?mk j?, fJjBz{ gsk ;h fet/I
wzrhd?. wjkoki J/B/ fwjopkB j' rJ/ fe cko;h dh Biaw sK fdsh jh, noph oz[r/ ftu w/o/
tZb ;[ZN fdZsh. fe;/ yk; fwjBs dh b'V BjhI gJh.
@@gke e[onkB fezBk e[ fjcia (:kd) j? skfoe ;kfjp< T[Zso - ih p; Bwkia gVQB tkbhnK
nkfJsK. GkJh ;kfjp B/ jT[ek fbnk. @@T[wo eoe/ vodk jK GkJhU. tv/ dknt/ ikfJia BjhI
j[D. J/Bk gkm ehsk ;h e[onkB dk fe fjcia j' frnk ;h ;kok.
@@w?I Bh fe;/ d/ do s/ ;tkbh pD e/ frnk ed/. nkJ/ dk nkdo ehsk fts w{ip. fJj th
BjhI fe fJE/ GhVK fJeZmhnK j'D fdnK. gfjb'I tes fce; eo', ezw d;', fco d/yKr/. fJe
ftdtkB nk frnk fJE/. pV/ ;kb j' rJ/. w?I gfjbK sK fJj g[fSnk fe fe;dh pd"bs nk
frnk sz{ fJE/< T[;B/ fe;/ Gb/ pzd/ dk Bkw fbnk. fco T[;B/ fJe feskp fdsh fi;dk Bkw
r[o{ BkBe dk ;akjeko ;h. w?I T[;Bz{ e[M g[fSnk. T[j nkdwh w?Bz{ ckbs{ fe;w dk bZfrnk.
fJe tke T[; e'b nfijk BjhI ;h fi; ftu tiaB j't/. w?I g[ZfSnk - fJ; feskp dk w?I eh
eoB?< T[;B/ fejk - ih ohthT{ fby fdT[. s[jkvk tZvk Bkw j?. w?I fejk - n;hI caeho fi;
;akjokj s/ w[Zds s'I s[o/ j'J/ jK, T[; se fijVh grvzvh iKdh j? s?Bz{ ni/ T[j BjhI bZGh.
feskp ;w/s Bdkod.
@@fJe j'o i'Vh nkJh. :{Bhtof;Nh dk gq'c?;o ns/ T[;dh phth. phth fe;/ ekbi ftu gVQKT[Idh
;h. rZbK eod/ oj/. w?I ;[Ddk fojk. fco w?I nkT[D dk ;pZp g[ZfSnk. gq'c?;o B/ dZf;nk- w?I
ig[ih s/ y'i eo fojK. s[jkv/ s'I th e[M ikDBk j?. w?I g[ZfSnk- ig[ih dk gkm mhe soK eoBk
nkT[Id?< T[;B/ fejk- jK ih. w?I e'Jh rZb ni/ eoB jh tkbk ;K fe T[;dh gsBh ;wM rJh.
s[jkBz{ gs? w?I j"bh j"bh rZbK eodK. ftu'I dh e'Jh d{ik ;akwb j' ;ed/. w?I w"ek fdzdk ofjBk.
T[j efjD bZrh- Bk ih Bk. ;kBz{ d'tK Bz{ eZy Bh nkT[Idk. n;hI sK s[jkv/ s'I f;yD?. i/ e[M
nkT[Idk j[zdk fco fJE/ feT[I nkT[Id/< y{p jZ;/. pukn eo rJh phph nkgD/ yktzd dk.
@@w?I ih u?b s'I BkG/ frnk. fJe fdB fynkb nkfJnk, ub' sbtzvh ;kp' ik e/ wZEk N/ehJ/.
wjkoki d/ puB jB Bk fe fJj r[o{ eh ek;ah j?. fJE/ nke/ ikjb b'e ;BwkB :'r ftdtkB
33
pD ikDr/. ;'funk ijkbs d{o eoB bJh fJj fiankos bkiawh j?. ub'ukb ub'ukb g[Zi rJ/
sbtzvh. o;s/ ftu'I w?I ;oeV/ d/ ekB/ eZN e/ b? frnk ;K. T[j fbyD-;o ftu v[p' fdZs/.
s[jkBz{ fd; Jh foj?, w?I f;o wz{j wBk ofyn?. f;o s/ o[wkb pzfBQnk j'fJnk ;h. gkm ehsk. fco
ekB/ eZY e/ N[eV/ ehs/. ebwK xVhnK. fJe fJe ebw gkDh ftu vp' e/ noia eodk ;K -
wjkoki ! fJBQK ebwK ftu'I jia{o dk fiaeo ;jh j't/. w/oh fbys f;Xh eo wkbe. s[jkv/ pkps
fbyD t/b/ e/tb jZE BjhI ti{d ezpD brdk j?. w?Bz{ skes fdT[ j/ ;akfj ;afjB;akj. w?I sK
fynkb Bh ehsk, fgS/ fJe fBjzr f;zx yb'sk ;h. w?I ezw fBp/V e/, ekBhnK e'o/ o[wkb ftu
tb/NhnK sK T[;B/ g[ZfSnk - eh eodk j[zB? i[nkBk< w?I fejk - wjkoki dk i; eoBk ukj[zBk
pkpk ih, go j[zdk Bh mhe. fJE/ wZEk N/eD nkfJnK fe n;h; fwb/. T[;B/ fejk - id'I sZe w?I
tkg; Bh nkT[Idk fJE/ ojhI. w?I u[g ukg yb'sk fojk. T[j x'V/ Bz{ nZvh bk e/ fe;/ gk;/ T[v
frnk. w?I d/ydk fojk. e[M d/o pkd gofsnk. w/o/ f;o s/ jZE oZfynk. c/o u'b/ dh i/p ftu'I
fJe eVk eZY e/ w/o/ jZE gfjBk fdsk. ;/o gZe/ tiaB dk fJj eVk nrbh t/o fdyktKrk
s[jkBz{. w?Bz{ jZ; e/ efjzdk - sz{ efjzdk ;h Bk jZE ezpd? fbyD t/b/. eKp/ dk pzd' p;s j'
frn?. ikj, wjkoki ;jkJh j'Dr/. fJ; soK dhnK ;[rksK fwbhnK ih w?Bz{. id'I fBjzr f;zx ih
ub/ rJ/ sK fJe ;aoXkb{ B/ dZf;nk - fJj row ;[Gkn dk ioB?b n?. uZeo eNdk ofjzd?
feXo/ e'Jh fpndph sK Bh j' ojh. s/o/ tb d/y d/y w?I j?okB j[zdk fojk fe w'B/ f;y T[go
fJj fezBk fwjopkB j' frnk. sz{ e'Jh eowK nkbk n?I GkJh.
@@1953 ftu vke okjhI GkJh tho f;zx ih Bz{ w{bwzso dk cko;h Biaw ftu soiwk eoe/
G/fink. ys okjhI ys dk itkp BjhI fdZsk T[BQK B/. d' pzd/ G/i/ ;bhe/ tkb/, ;kT{ s/ ;[xV.
T[BQK B/ GkJh tho f;zx ih tZb'I w/o/ pkps ej/ fwZm/ ;apd d[jokJ/ s/ nkfynk - s[jkBz{ :kd
eod/ jB ih. nzfwqs;o ub'. w?I T[dhI fsnko j' frnk. fwfbnk. gfjbK e/tb ;[fDnK ;h T[BQK
pkps. j[D fwb e/ gsk bZrk, T[j fevk tZvk sgZ;th j?. T[;sfs d/ i' ;apd T[BQK w/o/ soiw/
ns/ Biaw pkps ej/, w?I T[BQK d/ :'r BjhI ;K. ;[D ;[D ;'udk - fezBk uzrk j't/ i/ fJj' fijk
j' iK. efjD bZr/ - s[;hI g{o/ ig[ ih dk soiwk cko;h Biaw ftu eo'. w?I fejk - ih noE
BhI nkT[Id/. j[D sZe d/ ;ko/ Nhe/ d/y bJ/ jB. fdb BjhI fNfenk fe;/ s/. efjD bZr/ - fJE/
oj' ;kv/ gk;. n;hI noE d;Kr/.
@@w?Bz{ eh ukjhdk ;h ih j'o< i' i' d;d/, ftnkfynk eod/, w?Bz{ brdk, by by BiawK T[so
ojhnK jB, w?Bz{ brdk, j[D w?I eo ;eKrk fJj ezw. ih j' frnk T[BQK dh feogk Bkb. id'I
1969 ftu fJj feskp Sgh ;h T[;d/ w[y pzd ftu w?I n?bkB ehsk ;h fe fJ; dk jo/e ;[jDk
fjZ;k GkJh tho f;zx dh dfJnk ;dek j?, fJ; ftu'I e[ZM uzrk bZr/, T[BQK Bz{ dkd d/Dh. ih
fijV/ GkJh tho f;zx dk fJ; eoe/ nkdo eod/ jB fe T[j uzr/ ;akfJo ;B, T[BQK dh
ikDekoh nX{oh j?. B/e pys T[j J/v/ tv/ ekwb caeho ;B fe f;o s/ jZE oy e/ sedho dk
o[y pdb fdzd/ ;B. w/o/ T[go T[BQK dh ;akfJoh dk G'ok n;o BjhI. ;akfJoh dk n;o jz[dk sK
w?I gzikph ftu Bk T[BQK torhnK BiawK fbyD bZr iKdk< xZN' xZN oh; sK eodk. edh Bh
oh; ehsh. ;kv/ f;b/p; nZv nZv ;B.
@@w/o/ xo dk Bkw tho fBtk; GkJh ;kfjp ih d/ Bkw s/ jh w?I oZfynk j?. T[BQK dk fNekDk j?
fJZE/. w/o/ p/fNnK d/ BktK Bkb th tho ;apd w?I u/sB j'e/ bkfJnk j?, ;wMdk jK ;kok T[BQK
dk gfotko j?.
@@fJe ;akw n;hI d't/I T[BQK d/ u[pko/ ftu p?m/ rZbK eo oj/ ;K. fJj T[BQK dk fbyD-dcaso
;h. w?I fejk - GkJh ;kfjp ih fit/I fe;/ Bz{ jho ;[jDh brdh j? fe;/ Bz{ ;Z;h, fJT[I w?Bz{
wjhItkb dh ;'jDh pj[s c?;hB/N eodh j?. w/ok ih eod? fJe Biaw ;'jDh T[go fbyK. T[BQK
fejk - fby'. w?I fejk - fJj o[wKfNe rZbK fJsokia:'r sK BjhI< T[BQK fejk - fpbe[b BjhI.
T[BQK dZf;nk fe pfmzv/ d/ feb/ ftu ebrhXo ji{o fpokiwkB ;B. T[BQK d/ ezBh b'e rhsK
dhnK, ;kozrh dhnK X[Bk gJhnK sK ;/te Bz{ fejk - fJBQK rkfJeK Bz{ feb/ ftu fbnkT[.
rkfJe s/ ;kfiazd/ nk rJ/. wjkoki B/ T[jh ;[DB dh c[owkfJ;a ehsh i' T[j rk e/ jN/ ;B.
34
rtZJhnK B/ fMiefdnK fejk - wjkoki fJj eZuh pkDh j?. s[jkv/ dopko d/ bkfJe BjhI.
wjkoki B/ c[owkfJnk - s[;K ;jh fejk. go ;w/I dh nkth ftu d/o s'I, ;dhnK s'I gedhnK
gedhnK fJj ;[oK ;[jDhnK j' rJhnK jB. ;kvk ;[DB dk wB j? nZi. sd d/o sZe rtZJhnK
B/ o'wKfNe fe;/, b'e ;[oK ftu ;[DkJ/. wjkoki B/ n;h;K fdshnK, XB fdsk s/ nkdo Bkb
ftdk ehs/.
@@fJj rZbK eofdnK eofdnK ykD/ dk ;wK j' frnk sK n;hI j/mK T[so/. GkJh tho f;zx, r/N
tb ub/ rJ/. w?I th Bkb Bkb. edh T[BQK B/ ykDk ykD pr?o BjhI ikD fdsk ;h. r/N e'b
nk e/ yb' rJ/. fJj BjhI efj ;ed/ ;B fe ubk ikj. w?I fejVk p/;wM ;h. s[o nkfJnk.
ekria eZY/. ebwK xVhnK s/ f;nkjh dh dtks ;kc eoe/ ;'jDh T[go Biaw fbyD p?m frnk.
ih ebw T[j uZbh fe d' gfjo ftu feZ;k g{ok j' frnk. fco fibd pzBQh. u[bQ/ d/ B/V/ wZm/
wZm/ ;/e ftu ;[ekJh. id'I ;[Ze rJh, gzB/ mhe gbND bZr/ sK d[pkok dkp d/e/ o'Nh ykXh s/ ;"I
frnk. nzfwqs t/b/ ikr y[bQ rJh. tkj'dkjh s[fonk GkJh ;kfjp ih dh jt/bh tZb. fwfbnk,
T[BQK d/ jZEK ftu ;'jDh dk feZ;k cVkfJnk. c'b e/ g[fSnk - M{m wkod/ ;h eth ih eZbQ, fe
feZ;k fbyD dh nkfrnk fdT[< s[;hI sK wjhfBnK s'I fbyd/ nk oj/ ;h. w?I fejk, BjhI ih.
s[jkv/ nr/ M{m p'bD dh fe; dh skes< s[jkvk fJ;akok ;wM frnk ;K eZbQ ;akwh fe fpBk
fJe gb B;aN ehs/ fby d/j. feZ;k g{ok eoe/ ;[Zsk ih oks.
@@nkJ/ wfjwkBk Bz{ GkJh ;kfjp B/ y[d fe;k ;[DkfJnk s/ cko;h d/ noE gzikph ftu eo eo
dZ;/. Bkb/ dkd fdsh. fJ; s'I pkd sK id'I y[;a j[zd/ T[dhI efj fdzd/ - eth ih, ;'jDh dhnK
e[S rZbK eohJ/. feZ;k ;[DkT[. T[BQK B/ sKZn T[wo w/ok Bkw BjhI fbnk ih. @@eth ih@@ fejk
eod/ ;B w?Bz{. w/ok fJj' Bkw uZb fgnk ;h nzfwqs;o. eth ih dk wsbp be;atho f;zx s'I
fpBK j'o e'Jh BhI j[zdk ;h.@@
gfjb/ fdB T[go-fbys rZbK dk nKf;ae fpT[ok j?. nca;'; fe w?I nktkia foekov eoB dh
w;ahB feT[I Bk yohd e/ b? frnk. w?I feB/ e[ B'N; b? ;edk ;K< oZp dk F[eo fe ekcah e[M
w?Bz{ cNkcN :kd j[zdk ofjd? s/ d/o se :kd ofj iKd?. fco th. nDw'b w'sh fJe th ;Zi/
yZp/ froBk BjhI ukjhdk. nr'I Bz{ fynkb oZyKrk. gfjbh ;akw T[BQK dZ; fdsk ;h- @@p[ZfYnK dk
ekjdk NkJhw N/pb. id'I BhId y[ZbQh, wjkoki Bz{ :kd ehsk. phs/ ;w/I dk f;woB th j[zd?. e"D
pu ;ed? fJ;s'I< s[;hI w?Bz{ d;' gq'c?;o' fe G[s fe;Bz{ BjhI uzpfVnk j'fJnk, fJ; s'I S[Nekok
e/tb pkpk ih dk Bkw fdtk ;edk j?. fco T[;dk Bkw b?D bZr ikBk. wkbk c/oBh F[o{
ehsh. eJh ;kb fJj ezw eodk fojk. fi; T[Irb ftu wkbk bNedh ;h, fJe fdB, Bk e'Jh
rZb Bk ejkDh, dhtkB s'I T[mD bZrk sK eh gsk fet/I fJ; fJe' T[Irb s/ fJT[I tiaB nkfJnk
fe g'Nk N[ZN frnk. j[D th fJj g'Nk w[Vdk BjhI. wjkoki Bz{ frDshnK g;zd BjhI BK< T[jh
T[Irb s'Vh fijVh wkbk okjhI frDshnK eodh ;h. pugB ftu w?A frDsh s'I Bkpo j'fJnk, p[Y/
tko/ Bkw dh frDsh eoB bZrk. ;kv/ pkp/ ebrhXo Bz{ gyzv mhe BjhI brdk. T[j sK r[ZN
s'V ;edk ;h. T[; fj;/ Bz{ ;iak fdsh fiE/ wkbk bNeh.
wjkoki dhnK w/jopkBhnK dk fiaeo eofdnK efjD bZr/- fe;/ seV/ ;akj B{z g[ZS' fe fezB/ g?;/
B/ pJh s/o/ e'b< T[j ej/rk- w?B{z eh gsk. w/o/ w[Bhw B{z g[ZS'. fJT[I j[zd?. pkd;akj eh ikDB
b?DdkohnK d/DdkohnK< nkgK S'N/ w'N/ w[Bhw p;s/ fij/ u[eh fcod/ jK fit/I ;kB{z T[; d/ yikB/
dk b/yk eoBk nkT[Id?. cai{b j? fJj dkntk. nkgD/ jZE ftu tjh ns/ ebwdtks d/y e/ b'e
;s f;oh nekb p[bk fdzd/ jB fe fJj wjkoki dk w[Bhw n?, fJ; s'I e[M fwb/rk. b/yk e'Jh
Bh ehsk nkgK T[jdk. r[D rkJ/ oZi e/.
@@fJe e[Vh d[X d/ wZN bJh p?mh ;h sK yohdko i[nkB nkfJnk s/ nkgDk posB T[; nr/
oZfynk. e[Vh B/ eJh eN'ohnK d[X gk fdsk. i[nkB B/ g[ZfSnk - fezBk d[X gkfJnk< e[Vh p'bh,
gsk BjhI. w[zv/ B/ c/o g[fSnk, fezB/ g?;/ j' rJ/< e[Vh B/ fejk - gsk BjhI. w[zv/ B/ g[ZfSnk -
35
j'o gsk fe; Bz{ j?< s?Bz{ feT[I gsk BhI< e[Vh p'bh - fi; Bz{ fgnko eod/ j'JhJ/ T[; Bkb
fj;kp feskp Bh eohdk.@@
gkme', w?Bz{ cko;h d/ nfbc p/ dk gsk BjhI. r[ow[yh nZyoK ftu fit/I nkg w[jko/ iacoBkwk s/
GkJh Bzd bkb :kd j'Jh iKd/ jB, fJ; soK w?I w[Bkikfs pkwdkdh dk brksko gkm eodk
fojk. d' EktK s/ w?Bz{ bZrk fit/I tiB ftu B[e; j?. fB;akBh bk bJh. skfoe ;kfjp Bkb
rZb ehsh. T[BQK B/ uko f;anoK s/ fB;akBhnK bkJhnK j'JhnK ;B fiBQK ftu w/o/ tkb/ d' f;ano
th ;B. fJj efjD dh fjzws BjhI ;h fe ;kBz{ s[jkv/ f;anoK ftu rbshnK fd;hnK. skfoe B/
fejk - j}{o e[S J/e n;anko jw;/ mhe soj gVQ/ BjhI ik oj/. fe; soQK fJB e' gVQ/I< T[BQK
B/ fB;akBhnK tkb/ f;ano gVQ/ sK GkJh ;kfjp jZ; gJ/. fejk - gq'c?;o' J/Bh fbjkia dh b'V Bh
J/E/. f;Xh soQK ej' tiaB mhe Bh. w?Bz{ gs? feE/ feE/ rVpV j'Jh. s[;hI uko fB;akBhnK
bkJhnK B/ p;. doiD e[ rbshnK j?rhnK. pzfd;a pDh Bk. pVh skes bkJh. Bk. fes/ fes/,
s[;hI B'N ehsk j'D?, pzfd;a mhe eoB bJh w?I noph d/ nbckia tos/. fJj, r[;skyh j?. noph
noph j?, cko;h cko;h. d'jK dk e'Jh w/b BjhI. go nD;od/ Bz{ fJj ezw ehsk. j[D d/ydK
Gbk i/ mhe j' ikD. fwjBs eoKrk fJe tko c/o. w?I fJe tko nkro/ frnk. T[E/ ski-wfjb
d/ ;zrwowoh wkvb fte oj/ ;B. pj[s g[okD/ fdBK dh rZb j? 1932 dh. fJe EK pj[s
fiankdk ;[jD/ wkvb d/y/. ehws g[Sh. o[gJhJ/ s'I xZN e'Jh BjhI. w?I d/ydk fojk. fJe wkvb
g;zd nkfJnk. g?;/ E'V/ xZN eoB bJh fejk. d[ekBdko wzfBnk BK. w?I wkvb Bz{ jZE ftu cVh
fXnkB Bkb d/fynk sK fJe EK s/ so/V fdZ;h. fejk - fJj wkvb sK pkoK nkfBnK dk d/
d/j, fJ; ftu so/V nkJh j'Jh j?. d[ekBdko B/ fejk - fdykT[. w?I so/V fdykJh sK T[;B/
wkvb i'o Bkb gZEo s/ wkoe/ ezeo ;w/NfdnK fejk - wkVh uhia d/ pkoK nkB/ th BjhI
tNKrk. fJE/ yok ;"dk j[zdk j? ih. ;"d/pkiah eoBh j?, j'o pE/ohnK EktK B/ j}{o. T[d'I dk
w/ok fdb eodk j[zd? fi; f;ano ftu so/V j? T[; Bz{ gZEo T[go wkoK. w/o/ Bkb'I sK gZEoxkVk
ekohro uzrk, B[e;dko uhia s'VB dk do/r BjhI eodk. ofj rJhnK ykwhnK B{z d{o eoB dk
:sB eoKrk. soiwk do[;s sK j?, u[;s th j't/. bk fdnKrk wraiha. r'Nk ;bwk f;skok
bZrDk ukjhdk j?. wkbe B{z i/ g[;ake g;zd Bk nkJh fco fwjBs ehsh rJh Bk p/eko< ig[ih
dk wkbe jko f;azrko B{z T[Ii p/eko ;wMdk j?. T[j i' woih eo/, nkgK T[j' eoKr/ fiv/ e[
nkgK j?r/ nK. d/yd/nK eh pDd?.
-e'Jh e'Jh ekchnK pVk szr eodk j[zd?. do[;s Jh Bh j'D ftu nkT[Idk. ;kv/ t/b/ d/ ;akfJo
fJj' fij/ f;ano th fejk eod/ ;B L
e'Jh fJj' fijk ekcahnk sz{ xV wkwdhBk.
ihjd/ ftu ;akfJo y[d ikJ/ nV wkwdhBk.
y{p jZ;/. nZi eZbQ j?r/ fJj' fij/ wkwdhB fe BjhI< T[BQK B/ g[ZfSnk. w?I fejk - fJ; wkwdhB
B/ sK nkgDh EektN bkj fdsh. j[D d/ wkwdhB fJj' fij/ y[;a wikia BjhI. ni'eh ;akfJoh T[s/
Bk jk;k nkJ/ Bk o'Dk.
fco efjD bZr/ - go fJE/ ejkDh j'o j?. fJE/ ig[ ih ;kfjp j?. w?I nkgD/ nkg Bz{ Xotk;
fdsk fe Bzpo fJe, fi; wjkoki dh fJj pkDh j?, T[; Bz{ f;ano dh pzfd;a dk fynkb BjhI,
T[j fJ; rb'I p/gotkj j?. d{ih rZb fJj fe tiaB mhe eodk eodk w?I c/o noE s'I d{o
ubk iKdk. noE w/o/ bJh gfjbK j? tiaB pkd ftu. w?Bz{ gs? pkpk ih d/ p'bK bJh ;[oyhnK
fpzdhnK dh e'Jh b'V Bh. c/o th. j[D w?I skes bktKrk. eh gsk mhe j' ikD f;ano. d/y'
;kc rZb n?. w?I ;ah;a/ dk rbk; pDk fbnk. T[; dh tos'I eodk jK. fJSk j? fe pb"o dk
rbk; pD/. :sB eoKrk. go id'I sZe pb"o dk rbk; BhI pDdk T[d'I sZe ;ah;a/ dk rbk; sK
BjhI Bk s'VBk ukjhdk. mhe j? fe rbs gq'c?;o'< sK th, w?I ekchJ/ dk y{B eoKrk, fynkb dk
BjhI. r[o{ w/ok ekchInk j?, r[o{ w/ok odhca. r[o{ w/ok tiaB j?, r[o{ w/oh s;aphj. r[o{ pkpk
36
ukjhdk j? w?Bz{ e/tb. T[; ftu ekfJBks dh g{oh ;[zdosk w"i{d j?. fi; ebkw ftu j}{o dk
fiaeo BjhI, T[; ;akfJoh dk ;[jZgD e'm/tkbh dh ;[zdosk j? i' nDfrDs tko bZfis j'J/rh s/
bZfis eo/rh.
eJh tko fJT[I th j[zd? gq'c?;o' fe fszB uko wziabh jt/bh T[;ko b?Idk j? pzdk. jt/bh d/ pkjo
fijV/ yZv/ pu iKd/ B/ Bk fiBQK ftu u{b/ pzBQD tkb/ pkb/ c;kJ/ rJ/ ;B, T[j yZv/ pzd BhI
j[zd/ skn T[wo. i'o jt/bh pDkT[D T[go J/Bk bZr u[Zek j[zd? fe c/o yZv/ pzd Bh j[zd/. ;kb
1969 ftu w?I fJe feskp T[go g{oh skes bk fdsh ;h. T[; s'I pkd gJh ojh 37 ;kb. w?I
d/yh U BjhI d[pkok. T[j yZv/ T[t/I d/ T[t/I gJ/ oj/. w[ozws eoB dk j";bk BhI fgnk. j[D s[;hI
nkJ/. pzBQd/ nK e'Jh pKBQD{. mhe j? c/o.
@@w/ok d';s j[zdk ;h BkG/, ;Z:d fJiajko j[;?B. ;c?d fbpk; gfjfBnK eodk ;h. ;c?d N'gh,
;c?d nueB, ;c?d u{Vhdko gikwk, ;c?d i[Zsh s/ i[okpK, jZE ftu ;c?d o[wkb. Bwkiah ;h.
;zskbh ftu dzrkekohnK jZE'I esb j' frnk. T[; fdB s'I b? e/ nZi sZe w?I ;c?d t;so BjhI
gfjfBnK. fezBhnK c'N'nK B/ fJ; ewo/ ftu g[okDhnK. d/y bT[ i/ fes/ ;c?d eZgVk j't/. T[j
ubk frnk w/o/ e'b'I, sK w?I th ubk frnk. w?I fejVk fJE/ nK j[D< BjhI jK w?I fJE/. ngD/
ftnkj tes Bt/I eZgV/ Bh f;bkJ/ w?I. i/ j[;?B j[zdk c/o d' i'V/ Bt/I f;bkT[Idk, fJe T[; bJh
d{ik nkgD/ bJh. T[; d/ ykBdkB dhnK w?I S/ e[VhnK puk bJhnK s/ s[o fgnk b?e/ T[BQK B{z
bkj"o tZb. o;s/ ftu y{B Bkb bEgE f;yK d/ ekcb/ w?B{z T[Xo ikD s'I toid/, nkyd/ w[;aeb
Bkb E'V/ e[ pu e/ nkJ/ jK. w/o/ T[go e'Jh gkrb X[B ;tko ;h. w?I bkj"o ;bkws g[Zi e/
fo;as/dkoK d/ xohI e[VhnK g[uk fdshnK. nypkoK ftu w/oh uouk j'Jh. w[;bwkB Gkoh frDsh
ftu nk nk fwbd/. bkj"o dk vhH ;hH nk frnk. efjD bZrk - fezB/ fdB oj'r/ ;odko ih
bkj"o ftu< w?I fejk, fJe wjhBk xZN' xZN. tkX{ fizBk fuo s[;hI oZy ;e'. fJj fJe nr;s
1947 dh rZb j?. efjD bZrk - d' jcs/ ofj bt'. w?I fejk - BjhI. wjhBK ojKrk. T[j jZ;
fgnk s/ iKdk j'fJnk efjD bZrk- uzrk fJe fdB s[jkv/ Bkb w?I th bkj"o d/yKrk.
@@T[j 14 nr;s B{z ekoK dk ekcbk b? e/ nk frnk. w?I p?m frnk. T[j tkjxk pkovo gko
eotk e/ y[dk jkfcia nky, gos frnk. 15 nr;s B{z d'tK d/;K d/ pkovo ;hb j' rJ/.
skfoe ;kfjp, 26 ;kb w?I Jhd d/ fdB Jhdrkj ftu Bwkia ndk eoB frnk feT[Ife j[;?B
ikfJnk eodk ;h. T[j BjhI sK eh< w?I i[ jK T[; dh EK. fJj noi eodk j[zdk ;K
gotodrko nZr/ fe w/oh Bwkia dk f;bk w/o/ fJiajko j[;?B B{z fwb/.
Bhb/ d/ ;tko dk fiaeo eofdnK efjD bZr/- fe;/ seV/ ;akj B{z g[ZS' fe fezB/ g?;/ B/ pJh s/o/
e'b< T[j ej/rk- w?B{z eh gsk. w/o/ w[Bhw B{z g[ZS'. fJT[I j[zd?. pkd;akj eh ikDB b?DdkohnK
d/DdkohnK< nkgK S'N/ w'N/ w[Bhw p;s/ fij/ u[eh fcod/ jK fit/I ;kB{z T[; d/ yikB/ dk b/yk
eoBk nkT[Id?. cai{b j? fJj dkntk. b/yk e'Jh Bh ehsk nkgK T[jdk. r[D rkJ/ oZi e/.
w?I g[fSnk, s[jkvk eh NkJhw N/pb j? GkJh ;kfjp < T[; w[skpe s[jkv/ Bkb whfNzria oZfynk
eoKr/.
r[D r[DkT[D bZr/L
fdB e' fcefo ;[yB fiaefo y[dk eosk j{z.
oks e' dod Go/ rhs ;[Bk eosk j{z.
feXo/ yksodkoh ftu e;o ofj ikJ/ GkJhU sK p[ok Bk wBkT[Dk. cehoK dh fBrkj n;wkB'
gko j[zdh j? feXo/ d{o. s[fonk iKdk ceho o'V/ s'I fsbe e/ fvr/ sK jZ;' Bkj. T[;dh fBrkj
Xosh s/ j? Jh BhI id'I, fco o'Vk feE/ fd;dk<
GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ j}{o dh T[;sfs ftu fit/I bzwh raiab- ekdfo joeko r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx
p/e;K ok :ko r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ouh ;h T[;/ pzd;a ftu w?I bzwh Biaw fbyh-
37
j;s fizadkwho GkJh tho f;zx
w{Bf; fdbrho GkJh tho f;zx.
:{Bhtof;Nh ftu'I Sg/rh sK s[jkvh feskp dh wfje d{o d{o sZe c?b/rh- w?I fejk.
p'b/- @@r';a/ ftu'I pkjo eZY'r/ sK pdBkw j'tKrk. edh w'sh y[d uZb e/ d[ekB ftu frnk< p;
e'Jh b? ikfJnk eodk j?, fco w[Zb g?Idk j?. e'Jh w[Zb gkT[Idk j?, e'Jh yohd e/ b? iKd?. w'sh
ykw';a ofje/ irs swk;ak d/ydk ofjzd?.
@@nwho y[;o' B/ fejk ;h- w?I d[ZX dzdK Bkb eftsk fbyh. d{ih tko fJj rZb w/o/ s/ th bkr{
j ' Jh fwZso'. F[eor[iako jK r[o{ wjkoki dk. fijVk pzdk F[eokBk Bh eodk, T[j o'Nh feT[I
yKd? c/o< F[eokBk Bh eoBk c/o sz{ o'Nh bJh jZE Bk c?bkn GkJh. fi; foiae tZb s/ohnK
T[IrbK rJhnK. T[; bJh cfo;as/ so;d/ jB. s?Bz{ r[Bjrko Bz{ fwbh iKdk j?. F[eokBk eoh
ikj.
@@w?I s[jkB{z ;aw; spo/ia ;[DkfJnk, wB;{o, i[B?d, p?niahd, jkfcaia ;ahokiah, w"bkBk o{w, ;a/y ;kndh
s/ nwho y[;o' pko/ rZbK ehshnK, fcod";h s/ T[wo y:kw dk ebkw ;[DkfJnk. w?I w{oyK tKr
fJTI[ rZbK eodk fojk fit/I s[jkBz{ e[ZM gsk Jh Bk j't/. r[;sky jK ih. s[;hI ;G e[M gfVQnk
j'fJn? c/o th fJ; p[Y/ B{z d/o se ;[Dd/ oj/. s[;hI fezB/ fwjopkB j'.
skfoe B{z fejk- @@;[DkU e'Jh nkfJs. skfoe ;kfjp B/ nZyK BhthInK ehshnK, e[ZM d/o ykw';a
oj/, fco fJe nkfJs gVQh. GkJh ;kfjp B/ fejk - r[;skyh feT[I ehsh< gfjbK fp;fwZbk feT[I
BjhA gfVQnk< fJj sK fpndph j?. skfoe B/ fejk - fdb ftu gfjbK fp;fwZbk gfVQnk ;h.
fco nkfJs gVQh, feT[Ife j[ew s[;hI nkfJs gVQD dk fdsk ;h. skfoe d[nkok gVQh nkfJs dk
GkJh ;kfjp B/ T[ukoB do[;s eofdnK fejk - e'Jh ;aZe j? sK ;kps eoK fe w?A mhe rZb
dZ;h s[;K B{z< w/o/ dcaso ftu fJwkw riakbh sZe dk ;G e[ZM fgn?. eh eoK s[fonk BjhI
iKdk. e[o;h s/ Bh p?fmnk iKdk. fpBK bkfJpo/oh d/ e'Jh eh eo/< ekria ebw s'I pr?o j'o
e[ZM edh ehsk Jh Bh ih w?I.
@@Bhsh (wjkokDh gfNnkbk, gqBhs e"o ih) dk c'B nkfJnk ;h gfNnkfbT[I. efjzdh fwbD?. w?I
fejk- Bk XhJ/. j' rJ/ w/b/ r/b/ pE/o/. j[D nkokw eo' wfjbK ftu. fiaZd eoB bZrh sK w?I
fejk- w/o/ e'b yakB;kwk BjhI. ok;aB BjhI. ;odhnK ftu ;aZeo dh ukj ghnk eodK. ;aZeo th
BjhI. w[Zeh gJh n?. nk rJhnK ih. fszB/ XhnK nk rJhnK. Bhsh, T[jdh Xh, nZr'I T[jdh Xh
:kBh fe d'jsh. ;aZeo dh E?bh gfNnkfbT[I Jh b? nkJhnK. ykD uhiaK th. nkg/ ukj gkDh
ghsk. J/Eh p?mhnK ;B fiE/ s[;hI p?m/ U. Bhsh efjzdh- n;h; b?D nkJhnK ih s[jkE'I. w?I fejk-
Bk. j[D Bh n;h; d/Dh. s[;hI nkj fijVk e[M b? e/ nkJhnK UI BK, fJj jiko e[ dk j'J/rk
fBe ;[Ze. jZd v{Y jiko. fJzBk e[ d/ e/ n;h;K d; bZy dhnK fbiKdhnK ojhnK s[;hI. w?I sK
b[ZfNnk frnk. fdtkbhnk j' frnK. j[D BhI n;h; d/D i'rk feT[Ife pzdrh Bh eo j[zdh. pdb/
ftu oZp dk F[eokBk eoBk j[zd? sK Jh eoia T[sod? Bk ih. pkjo ewo/ ftu wjkoki dk
fNekDk j? Bk ih. T[BQK B{z T[E/ b? frnk. fejk fJj ;G s'I tZvk pkpk n?. J/; pkp/ dh
;woZEk nBzs j?. s[jkB{z fJjB/ fdsk pVk ;h gfNnkb/ tkfbnK B{z go s[jkBz{ EK EK fcoB dk
;a"e n?. e/tb fJjd/ T[go JhwkB Xoh oyd/ fes/ BK iKd/, skes s[jkv/ e'b pVh ofjDh ;h.
s[;hI edh ;Zi/ GZi/ edh yZp/, edh T[go uVQ rJ/ F{z eoe/, edh j/mK nk rJ/. p; fJj ezw
ofj frnk fJe d"VB GZiD dk. T[; fJe fgsk T[go nk;Ek oZy'. GkJh Bzd bkb B/
c[owkfJnk sK ;h- nkBzdg[o ikT[r/ sK d/y'r/ nBzdg[o dhnK rbhnK ftu x[zwd/ j'J/ wzrs/,
pkd;akjhnK tzvd/ fcod/ jB.
38
@@wZEk fNekfJnk. nodk; ehsh, j[ewBkwk fbnk. T[BQK tb'I fbnKd/ w/t/ ftu'I osk e[ gq;akd
fdsk s/ s'o fdZshnK. s[;hI th GkJhU wZEk N/e' r[o{ dopko ftu, fco nkg' nkgD/ wfjbK ftu
tkg; ikU gfNnkb/. n;hI th fsnkohnK ftu jK.
eh gsk ed'I ;[B/jk fwb ikJ/. uzr?. j[D ikDk ukjhd?. Bkb/ w/oh :ksok ;"yh n?. w?I fejVk
Gko u[ZeD?< jZv wk; dk Gko th BjhI. fB;au/ Bkb efj ;edK, eowK d/ Gko s'I ;" ch ;dh
w[es nK. SweK ykD bJh c/o th fsnko nK feT[Ife ;" ch ;dh Bzpo nkg/ d/ bJ/ B/ ngD/
nkg B{z, fj;kp ed/ nkfJnk Bh ;koh T[wo, rZbK ch ;dhnK dhnK eo fojK.
- g[ZfSnk - s[;hI feE'I d/ j' skfoe ;kfjp <
- ih wb/o e'Nb/ dk.
- wb/o e'Nb/ fe; EK s/ fojkfJ;a<
- ih b[jkoK tkbh rbh.
- ed'I ikUr/ wb/o e'Nb/<
- n?stko Bz{.
- nZSk fJj d;' fJ;/ rbh ftu ofjzd/ nyso got/ia dk eh jkb n?<
- pkeh ;G mhe n? ih T[BQK dh Xh dk fBekj b/N j' foj?. fes/ rZb f;o/ BjhI uVQ ojh.
pV/ fceowzd B/.
- uV/Qrh f;o/. j[D w?Bz{ s[jkE'I gsk bZr?. w/oh fJ; B/epyas Xh dk fBekj feT[I b/N j'J/< w?I
d[nk eoKrk. s[;hI wb/o e'Nb/ ikU sK fJBQK d/ xo ikDk. j'o e'Jh rZb Bk efoT[, p; fJj
nkfyU fe u?b ike/ nkJ/ nK. c/o pkeh rZbK got/ia d/ gfotko s'I ;[DBhnK.
gfNnkb/ tkg; nk e/ p'gkokfJ ih Bz{ c'B s/ dZf;nk fe w[bkeks eoe/ tkg; gos/ jK. d' e[
rZbK ;[DkJhnK sK efjD bZr/- eZbQ B{z S[ZNh j? feXo/ ikDk sK BjhI< w?I df;nk- fes/ Bh ikDk.
p'b/- d; ti/ nk ikfJU. nkokw Bkb ;[DKr/ fJ; dkB;ato dhnK rZbK. T[E/ nrb/ fdB ihH
n?;H fonkb, skfoe feckfJs[Zbk, pbd/t f;zx ;zX{ s/ tkJh; uK;bo ;kfjp gfjb'I p?m/ ;B.
;tk d' xzN/ fBozso fJ; dot/;a dhnK rZbK ;[DkJhnK. fJT[I brdk ;h fit/I ojZ;wJh gqtuB
;[Dd/ j'JhJ/. p'gkokfJ B/ ;zX{ B{z g[ZfSnk - J/v/ ;ay; B{z eh d/ ;ed/ nK nkgK< ;zX{ B/ fejk-
:{Bhtof;Nh ftu ;G s'I tZvh T[gkXh gq'c?;o ;kfjp dh j?. iapkBh c?;bk 4 Btzpo B{z j'fJnk s/
10 Btzpo f;zvhe/N dh whfNzr ftu ;op;zwsh Bkb gqtkB j' frnk. T[BQK Bz{ nkBo/oh gq'c?;o
nkca gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh dh T[gkXh d/D dk n?bkB j'fJnk.
fJj y[;aypoh u?b fBtk;h GkJh ;kfjp B{z c'B s/ ;[DkJh. ;[D e/ c[owkfJnk- J/Bk e[S eoB dh
eh b'V ;h< w?I sK efjBk id'I u?b nkUI, d' jko b? nkT[D/. fJe c[ZbK dk fijVk ;oho bJh
;[ydkJh j[zdk j?. d{ik i[ZshnK dk, fi; B{z gfjB e/ w/ok fdb fdwkr do[;s oj/rk. nZr/
s[jkvh woiah. p[ZfYnK dh woiah ed'I ubdh j?< fco nkfynk - skfoe B/ dZf;nk ;h Bk gzB{
;kfjp fe nyaso got/ia dh p/Nh dk fBekj Bh j' fojk< w?I nodk; ehsh ;h wjkoki dh
ndkbs ftu. eZbQ ftnkj dk ekov nk frnk. w?I ;arB G/i fdsk. feT[I< j? Bk p[ZYk fe;/
ezw dk fe BjhI< w?I skfoe ;kfjp Bz{ c'B ehsk, T[BQK dZf;nk, jK ih w?I Bekj w"e/ th frnk
;h, gfjbK th ik e/ nkfJnk ;h. ;ko/ iD/ GkJh ;kfjp dhnK fwjopkBhnK :kd eod/ EZeD Jh
Bk. gzB{ ;kfjp fiBQK fiBQK gfotkoK dh ypo ;ko b?D dk w?Bz{ T[BQK j[ew ehsk, T[j ;ko/
rohp w[;bwkB B/. id'I e'Nb/ nkT[Id/ GkJh ;kfjp sK Btkp ;kfjp d/ wfjwkB j'fJnk eod/
;B, go nkgD/ Bkb nwhoiakfdnK dh e'Jh rZb Bh ehsh. rohp b'eK pkps feB/ go/w dhnK
rZbK ehshnK T[BQK B/ nkgD/ Bkb.
T[go doi rZbK :{Bhtof;Nh d/ ekch jkT[; ftu p?fmnK gzi ;Zs fwZsoK B{z ;[Dk fojk ;K sK
fJfsjk; d/ gq'c?;o n?;Hn?wH towk nk p?m/, E'Vh d/o pkd p'b/- fJj ehjdk fposKs S/V oZfyn?
s{z nZi< w?B{z th gsk bZr/. w?I fejk- u?b ftu fJe ;akfJo ofjzdk j? fi; dk Bkw GkJh
be;atho f;zx j?. T[; B{z fwb e/ nkfJnK. T[j efjD bZr/- ewkb n? pJh. T[j sK w/o/ ukuk
39
ikB jB. fi; okfZJb x'V/ dhnK sz{ rZbK dZ;hnK, gzi ;kb dh T[wo/ w?I u?b ik e/ T[; T[go
M{N/ bJ/ ;B. nZr/ nZr/ brkw cVh ukuk ih, x'V/ s/ ;tko w?I, s/ fgS/ fgS/ w/o/ gkgk, n;hI
gjkVh grvzvhnK T[go ;kok ;kok fdB ;?o ;gkN/ bJh s[od/ fcod/ rZbK eod/ ofjzd/, ;akfJoh
j[zdh fi; dh T[d'I e'Jh ;wM BjhI j[zdh ;h w?Bz{.
@@s[jkv/ ukuk fet/I j'J/ T[j<## w?I g[ZfSnk
-rZb fJj j? gzB{ ;kfjp fe ;akfJo dk tZvk Gok ;h gq'H pbtho f;zx. T[j w/o/ gkgk dk iwksh
ns/ fwZso ;h. w/o/ gkgk ih ukuk ikB s'I gzi ;kb tZv/ ;B, T[j j[D 93 ;kb d/ j' rJ/ jB.
ukuk ih B{z n;hI gfotko d/ ;ko/ ih Btkp ;kfjp fejk eod/ jK. T[BQK d/ tos'I ftjko ftu
riap dh ;akjkBk fbnkes s/ soia j[zdh ;h. edh w/o/ gkgk B{z fwbhI. pj[sk w/b fwbkg sK
T[BQK dk gq'H pbtho f;zx Bkb fojk, go c/o th, j' ;ed? e'Jh g[okDh rZb :kd nk ikJ/.
fJe iBtoh 2007 B{z w?I ngD/ e[bhr d/ xo T[BQK d/ fgsk gq'H okw r'gkb towk B{z fwbD
frnk. ;t/o dk frnk ;akwh tkg; gofsnk. ;G s'I gfjbK w?I fJj ;tkb g[ZfSnk fe T[BQK tb'I
fizBh ;kB{z dZ;h rJh, eh tkeJh GkJh be;atho f;zx T[Bh ikfJdkd d/ wkbe ;B iK jB<
towk ih jZ; gJ/. efjD bZr/- ;akfJo dk fj;kp ns/ ;Zu nkgD/ d[BhnKdkoK d/ ;Zu ns/
fj;kp feskp Bkb'I tZyok j[zd?. ;koh eEk ftu'I fizBK e[ w?B{z :kd n? T[j ;[D'L
@@fJj Byo/pkia w[zvk j[zdk ;h. g{ok nkeV yK go gVQB B{z fYZbk. d;thI eoB s'I pkd NZeoK
eJh gk;/ wkohnK go w/ok BjhI fynkb fe e'Jh nrbh iwks gk; th ehsh j't/. ;akfJo fJj
j?rk ;h, fJ; pkps n;hI ;ko/ fJ; dk f;Zek wzBd/. fJjdk tvk Gok pbtho pj[s fwjBsh
ftfdnkoEh ;h s/ cko;h T[go T[; dh y{p geV ;h. ;jh noEK ftu cko;h dk ftdtkB
pbtho ;h. go fJj ypsh S'eok, fi; B{z n;hI @@Btkp ;kfjp## dh S/V gkJh j'Jh ;h,
ebk;heb cko;h d/ rqzE gVQdk ofjzdk. w?I iakwB jK fe cko;h iK fJE'I sZe fe noph dk e'Jh
w;bk pbtho gk; nV iKdk sK T[j be;atho ;[bMk fdzdk. pbtho y[;a th j[zdk d[yh th.
y[;a fJ; bJh fe be;atho p[ZXhtkB j?, d[yh fJ; eoe/ feT[Ife gVQdk BjhI ;h, iwksK gk; BjhI
eodk ;h ;kv/ tKr. wkfJe jkbs mhe ;h fJBQK d/ fgsk ih dh. f;nk;s ftu o[uh b?Id/ ;B.
BkGk fonk;s ftu uzrk o;{y ;h. wihmhJ/ ;odkoK ftu edo ;h. iBob jopya;a f;zx id'I
g?g;{ ftu wzsoh bJ/ rJ/ frnkB f;zx okV/tkbk dh e?pfBN ftu sK be;atho d/ fgsk ih T[BQK
d/ g[bhfNeb ;?eNoh fB:[es j'J/. T[BQK dh gpfbe vhfbzr pj[s uzrh ;h. ;fseko/ iKd/ ;B.
T[j th be;atho s'I tXhe pbtho T[go y[;a ;B fe uzrk gV{ fby{ s/ o[iarko s/ bZr{. fgsk
B{z fes'I gsk bZrk fe be;atho b'eK dk jZE d/yd?, i's;a dk ezw eoB bZr fgn? sK Bkokia
j'J/, fejk- fJe sK fJj ezw ;kv/ ykBdkB dk j? Jh Bh. d{ik be;atho B/ fJj ftfdnk fe;/
gk;'I f;Zyh BjhI. fijVh ftZfdnk ftXhts jk;b Bk ehsh j't/, T[; dh tos'I eoBh ;aokcs BjhI
j?. go E'V/Q ;w/I ftu cko;h ;akfJoh tKr T[; dk i's;a ;ak;so ftu th f;Zek ifwnk. tv/ tv/
oJh; T[; gk;'I nkgDk Gfty g[ZSD u?b sZe iKd/.
@@w?I s/ pbtho gfjb'I bkj"o gVQB rJ/, c/o id'I d/; tzv j'Jh n;hI tkg; gfNnkb/ nke/
wfjzdok ekbi ftu dkyb j' rJ/. id'I pbtho BkG/ ns/ w?I gfNnkb/ nkgD/ wkfgnK Bkb
g[;as?Bh S'N/ xoK ftu ofj oj/ ;K, T[d'I fJ; Btkp B/ u?b dh tkdh ftu ;akBdko e'mh pDkJh.
pbtho s/ w?I gfNnkfbUI BkG/, ;wkD/, ;[Bkw, GtkBhrVQ d';sK fo;as/dkoK B{z S[ZNhnK ftu fwbD
;kJhebK T[go ikfJnk eod/ ;K go fJjB/ ;akBdko x'Vh yohdh j'Jh ;h. F[o{ F[o{ ftu sK
n;hI fJjB{z S/VB tk;s/ Btkp dk bep pyf;ank ;h go T[j ;Zuw[u dk Btkp pD frnk s/
n;hI nkgD/ nkg Bz{ T[; dh goik wzB fbnk.
@@;kBz{ T[j u?b ;Zddk, edh n;hI nkgDh woiah Bkb S[ZNhnK eZND T[; gk; ub/ iKd/ sK pVk
y[;a j[zdk. T[; dh e/tb fJZe fJSk j'fJnk eodh ;h, T[j fJj fe fJe fdB gfjbK T[; Bz{
;kv/ g[ZiD dh fJsbkj fwb ikt/. fJ; Bkb T[j wfjwkBk dk fJzsiakw g{oh mkm Bkb eo
;edk. ;kv/ g[ZiD t/b/ dotki/ T[Zgo todh gfjBh dopkB yb'sk j[zdk i' ;[nkrs eodk,
dotkik y'bQdk, fJE'I sZe fe ;kv/ p{NK d/ s;w/ nkg y'jbdk. fco ghD ykD dk f;bf;bk F[o{
sK j[zdk go w[edk edh BjhI ;h. fi; fe;/ B/ i' i' ghDk ykDk j[zdk ;' ;' jkiao j[zdk iKdk.
40
fejVk whN ykDk j?, fe; fe; fe;w dk ykDk j?, ykB;kwk B'N eodk iKdk. T[; dh fJeKs
ftubh jt/bh e'Jh oki/ dk wfjb brdh. wikb n? e'Jh rZb ;bhe/ s'I T[o/ go/ j' ikt/. e'Jh
uhia c}{b fdykJh BjhI fdzdh ;h. e[Zsk oZfyn? sK F[ZX B;b dk ;akBdko. x'Vk oZfyn? sK T[;
tork d{o d[okv/ th Bk j't/. bzwk no;k j' frn? frnK Bz{ u?b. j[D sK ;akfJd T[;dh jt/bh
g[okDh j' rJh j't/. pVh ;akB ;h T[d'I fJ;dh.
@@fJe fdB n;hI grvzvhnK T[go s[o/ fJ; dhnK BiawK ;[Dd/ ik oj/ ;K. x'Vk y[ZbQk S'fvnk
j'fJnk ;h. w;sukb s[o/ iKfdnK T[;d/ jZE ftu'I S[N e/ brkw fvr fgnk i' fc;b e/ j/mK
xkNh ftu E'Vh d{o ik o[fenk. n;hI :kBh fe w?I pbtho s/ be;atho o[e e/ d/yd/ oj/.
be;atho r[Z;/ Bkb efjD bZrk - d/yd/ eh j' fpNo fpNo< brkw fvfrnk fd;dk BjhI< u[ZeD
ftu ;aow nkT[Idh j?< x'V ;tkoh dk wiak sK b?D? go fvfrnk brkw Bh u[eDk< feT[I<
@@w?I ns/ pbtho j/mK tb ;fji/ ;fji/ fy;e e/ brkw u[Ze fbnkJ/. ;kBz{ T[;dh fJj rZb
bZrh sK r[;skyh g{oB, T[j ;kv/ s'I S'Nk ;h, T[; bJh nfijk eoBk ;a'GBhe BjhI ;h, go T[j
th ikDdk ;h s/ n;hI th fe T[j j? Jh Btkp. Btkp dk j[ew goik fet/I Bk wzBdh< gq'c?;o
;kfjp, ;Zu wzBDk T[j ;kv/ T[go oki eodk ;h. T[jdk f;Zek ub fgnk ;h. fco fJE/ T[wo
dk xkNk tkXk eh wkfJB/ oydk< T[j ;kvhnK S'NhnK w'NhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB tk;s/ fsnko
po fsnko ofjzdk. pZu/ r[Z;/ ftu nk ikD. p[o/ BjhI bZrd/ j[zd/. fJjd/ T[go edh eo'X BhI
nkfJnk ;kBz{. T[j ;kv/ s/ n;hI T[; T[go fcdk ;K.
w?I g[ZfSnk - s[jkvh i[nkBh t/b/ dk g[okDk gfNnkbk pVk ;[jDk j't/rk gq'c?;o ;kfjp feT[Ife
wjkokik G[fgzdo f;zx dh okiXkBh ;h< T[j jZ; gJ/. fejk - feE/ ih. fJj s[jkvk fynkb n?.
szr rbhnK ftu szr xo. ;N/N dh nkwdB dk nZ;h ch;dh sK wjkoki/ dhnK n:Zk;ahnK T[go
you jz[dk ;h c/o gfNnkbk fet/I ;[jDk j[zdk< fdB eNh j' ojh ;h p;. j[D dk gfNnkbk sK
T[d'I BkbI' pVk ;[jD?. w?I wjkoki/ Bz{ T[d'I th d/fynk id'I skig';ah fgS'I T[j gfNnkbk do;aB
bJh fBefbnk ;h. g{ok ib"n. ;[jDk th ;h, f;nkDk th, ftdtkB th. raiap dh nzro/iah ;h
T[jdh. nZ:k;ahnK B/ T[; Bz{ oky eo fdZsk ;h. T[; Bz{ fGzneo fbzr o'rK B/ x/o fbnk. w"s
s'I gfjbK T[;B/ fJe tko ngDh okiXkBh d/yD dh fJZSk iakjo ehsh. jkEh s/ ;tko j' e/ T[j
piakoK ftu'I dh fBefbnk. w?I T[;Bz{ nkyoh tko B/fVUI d/fynk. ozr ekbk f;nkj j' frnk ;h.
nZyK nzdo X;hnK j'JhnK, fBrkjK p/B{o. T[;dh ;aeb d/y e/ vo brdk ;h. fJe skesto
ns/ r[Dh wjkoki/ dk nzs y"cBke ;h. e[M fdBK pkd gfNnkb/ ftu wksw Sk frnk.
@@s[;hI ;Zfdnk ;h Bk gzB{ ;kfjp be;atho Bz{ fgSb/ wjhB/, w?Bz{ fwbe/ frnk ;h. T[; dh T[jh
Btkph mkm d/yh fijVh i[nkBh ftu ;h. T[; d/ ;[Gkn ftu tXhe ;fji nk frnk j? j'o e'Jh
coe BhI. w?B{z efjzdk ;h u?b nkJhI, T[jh g[okDh je{ws fdyktKrk fijVh phs/ ftu ekfJw
ehsh ;h s/ j[D se T[t/I j[ew ubd?.## fi; ;t/o T[BQK B/ w/oh :{Bhtof;Nh ftu nkT[Dk ;h
w?B{z p'gkokfJ B/ fejk j'fJnk ;h- T[BQK Bkb ;zgoe oZyDk. r?;ZN jkT[; ftu T[BQK d/ nkT[D s'I
gfjbK w?I g[ZiKrk. gfNnkb/ s'I 15 feb'whNo d{o ;B sK w?I e'mh ftu fJsbkj eo fdsh.
;odkoBh ns/ ;odko p'gkokfJ d't/I T[jBk d/ ;[nkrs bJh g[Zi/. y?o ;[Zy g[ZSh dZ;h. T[BQK Bkb
u?b s'I T[BQK dk c?fwbh vkeNo nkfJnk ;h s/ S'Nk g[Zso fe;aBtho fgsk d/ fgS/ ;ktXkB yb'
frnk. fJ; t/b/ w?B{z rZb dh g{oh ;wM bZr rJh. fit/I rtoBo d/ fgZS/ T[; dk J/HvhH;h
yb'sk j[zdk j? fpbe[b T[;/ gqeko fe;aBtho B/ fvT[Nh fdsh i' fJ; tes ps"o J/HvhH;hH Btkp
;kfjp fgS/ sD e/ yb'sk. rzGho, ;ktXkB, u[;s, c[oshbk. d'jK d/ mkmdko fbpk;, otkfJsh
Yzr d/, yk; yk; w"e/ s/ gfjBD tkb/. wkD gZso gVQB T[gozs id'I tkJh;-uK;bo tb'I T[BQK B{z
nkBo/oh gq'c?;of;ag Bkb ;BwkfBs ehsk frnk sK ft;at gzikph ekBcoz; d/ v?bhr/NK dhnK
skVhnK Bkb ;kfJz; nkvhN'ohnw ftu rz[iko g? rJh. eth ih B/ d/o sZe nkgDk wZEk w/ia
T[go fNek e/ gotodrko, w/iapkB :{Bhtof;Nh ns/ ;o'fsnK do;aeK dk F[eokBk ehsk.
41
JhokB d/ tv/ ;afjo e'w s'I fJe ukbh e[ ;kb dh T[wo dk y'ih w[jzwd o{jkBh ngq?b 2006
ftZu w/o/ e'b nkfJnk s/ d' wjhB/ wJh i{B ofjD dh nkfrnk wzrh s/ bkJhpo/oh tosD dh
r[ikfo;a ehsh. T[j shyD p[ZXhtkB s/ fwjBsh pzdk ;h. T[; d/ ;tkbK ftu'I skiarh dh wfje
nkJh. w?I g[ZfSnk- f;yh pkps gfjbK gVQh e'Jh feskp fijVh uzrh bZrh j't/< T[;dhnK nZyK
fb;aehnK, fejk- ih w[Bkikfs pkwdkdh. pj[s wep{b n"o pj[s nkjbk feskp j? :/. pV/ b'r'I
B/ fJ; dk ;jkok bhnk j? nkgek wijp ikBB/ e/ bhJ/. e:k nkgB/ d/yh :j niahw feskp<
w[jzwd o{jkBh d/ nkT[D s'I S/ wjhB/ gfjbK sZe w?I fi; feskp ns/ b/ye dk Bkw sZe BjhI
;[fDnk ;h, T[; pkps d/o sZe n;hI d't/ rZbK eod/ oj/.
fJe fdB o{jkBh efjD bZrk- nkg w[M/ e?Bt; n"o eZbo bk eo d/ d' s' w?I jiaos pkpk
BkBe nbfj ;bkw eh g/IfNzr pBkBk ukjsk j{z. fJ; vo'I, fe fes/ g?;/ b[nk dJ/, nkT[Idk iKdk
e[M Bk j't/, g[ZfSnk- nkT[Idh j? fusoekoh<
T[; B/ w/o/ s'I ekria wzr/. pkb g?BZ Bkb d' d' fwzN ftu fszB ;[jD/ ;e?uZ pDk e/ w?B{z
fdykJ/. eh wikb fe;/ beho Bz{ fwNkT[D dh b'V gt/. T[; B{z d[ekB s/ b? frnk. pkoK s/oK
;" dk ;wkB yohfdnk. fJe jcs/ ftu T[; B/ s;tho w[ezwb eo bJh. T[; ;w/I dk fdq;a
fusfonk j? id'I r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ prdkd g[Zi e/ gqtuB ehs/ ;B. fgS'eV ftu ;akjh
w;fid d/ r[zpd ns/ whBko fdZ; oj/ jB. T[u/ dhtkB T[go pkpk ih ns/ ;kjwD/ w[;bwkB
;zrs p?mh ;[D ojh j?. GkJh wodkBk ih opkp ;w/s jB. nkbk d[nkbk thokBrh dh Mbe
tkbk j?. yi{o d/ doys d/ Bidhe p?m/ jB. MkVhnK d/ ezv/ jB gZs/ BjhI, eoho ns/ E'jo.
pkpk ih dk fijVk edw dhtkB s'I j/mK iawhB B{z S{j fojk j? e/tb T[; d/ bkrbh MkVh
T[go e[ZM c[Zb fyV rJ/ jB, i' dZ;Dk ;h dZ; fdZsk.
GkJh be;atho dk fiaeo fJE/ pzd eoBk mhe oj/rk feT[Ife tZfvnK d/ bkr/ BhtK j'D ns/
w[okdK wzrD Bkb ;[os fNekD/ ofjzdh j?. ;akfJo be;atho ih B/ y[d fejk ;h- nkdwh eh
uhia j? nkyo< fJjB{z sK pZfunK fizBh y/v y/vDh Bh nkT[Idh. dkntk eod? fe g?rzpoK dh y/v
pkps ikD frn??.
feFB B/ w?~ g[ZfSnk - feFsoK d/ bZr/ w/o/ gkgk s[jk~ < w? fejk - ¿ndB d/ pkra ftZu'I d{ih
tko nkdw ngDh wo}h Bkb Xosh T[go T[sfonk j?. ndB dk tofis cb ykDk sK
dofBeko, d/fynk sZe BjhI. nkfd-gkg s'I w[es nfwqs ;zskB. w?~ efjD bZr/ - j}os
fB}kw[dhB gk; fizBk ;wK ][;o' fojk, fJzBk ;wK gzB{ ;kfjp w/o/ e'ba ofjzd/, Gbk j[zdk. e/tb
tZv/ nikfJp xo dh gfoeowk ehsh T[;B/. fJe-fJe r?boh dk izdok y[ZbQ/rk. p/nzs ]}kB/ gJ/
B/.¿ ngD/ p/N/ nwotho f;zx ~ fejk, ngD/ xo ftu fJj BtK w?Ipo dkf]b j'fJnk j?, Gok
n? s[jkvk. fJjd/ ;[ZyK-d[ZyK ftu jk}o j'Dk. d' ijkBK ftu s[jkvhnK B/ehnK dk }kwB j'J/rk
fJj.
15 caotoh 2007 dh ;t/o ig[ih ;kfjp dk gkm eofdnK ftdk j'J/. Fkw, ekcabk F;FkBxkN
tZb s[fonk, sK jbe/-jbe/ poca d/ dkD/ feoB bZr/. fit/I w'shJ/ d/ c[ZbK dh tkSV j'J/. fit/I
e'Jh wykfDnK c[ZbhnK dk fSZNk fdzdk iKdk j't/. nzfsw dhdko eoB bJh id'I n;hI w{zj T[go'I
gZbk ;oekfJnk, ;{oi B/ X[zd dk godk goQ/ ehsk. ;{oi B/ th FkfJo dk dhdko eoB? pJh,
;G fgZS/ jN/. ;[Bfjoh X[Zg ftu b/fNnk FkfJo fJT[I bZrdk ;h, fit/I fw;o d/ fgokfwv ftu
pkdFkj dh d/j j't/. E'V/Q e[ gbK pknd ;{oi B/ c/o godk eo fbnk.
feFBtho f;zx B/ fejk - gzikj ;kb gfjbK 1956 ftu u?b tkbah jt/bh dh uZm eoBh ;h, sK
GkJh tho f;zx ~ ;Zfdnk. T[BQK dk itkp nkfJnk- w?I BjhI nk ;eKrk. wjkoki tk;s/ o[wkbk
vke gko;b okjhI G/IidK. gko;b fwfbank, sK wZE/ Bkba S[jk e/ p'b/- GkJh ;kfjp tZv/ jB, w/o/
s'I gfjbK ftdk j'Dr/. w?I T[BQK dh nodk; ftu o[wkbk fbiktKrk, go w/oh nodk; t/b/ T[j
BjhI j'Dr/. fJj o[wkbk w/oh nzfsw nodk; t/b/ wjkoki nzrheko eoBr/. w?~ fdyk e/
gfotko B/ nzfsw ;;eko t/b/ GkJh tho f;zx tZb'I fdsk T[jh o[wkbk wjkoki ~ nogD ehsk.
fJe fdB T[BQK ~ nwotho B/ g[ZfSnk, ¿ sbtzvhIUI fijVk eVk fbnKdk ;h, edh gfjfBnk feT[I
Bh fgsk ih <¿ - ¿e'Jh p/nebk nK w? < fJj gfjBD tkbh uh} n? <¿ wZE/ ~ S[jk e/ e/;oh
o[wkb T[go w/} s/ oZy e/ fbyd/ gVQd/. fejk eod/ - fJj w/ok ;op-b'j dk febk n?.
42
JhokBh cako;h pkps fejk - ;ZmftnK ftu JhokB d/ pkdFkj dk gfotko fFwb/ nkfJnk. wjhBk
;kok fojk. T[BQK B/ g[ZfSnk, ¿fJE/ e'Jh \ko;h BJhI ikDdk < pZu/ rZbK eoB d/ fJS[Ze B/.¿
u?b s'I fFwb/ ngD/ e'ba p[bk bJ/. Fkj}kd/ s/ Fkj}kdhnK Bkba rZbK eod/ ofjzd/. FkwhI u?b
nkT[Id/, sK nZXh-nZXh oks sZe fJeb/ \ko;h ftu rZbK eod/ ofjzd/ - eZbQ ~ fijVh ejkDh
Fkj}kfdnK ~ ;[DkT[Dh n? Bk, T[; dh fonk} eod/. p; fJ; ;w/I ftu T[j fjzd[;skBh s'I
JhokBh j'J/.
;{yw G?D S'Nh n? ;G GoktK s'I. ftSVB s'I d' e[ fdB gfjbK T[; e'b \'B nkfJnk - w?I
j[D ikD? phphJ/ XhJ/. ;{yw |[Z;/ j' e/ p'bh - E'~ gsk Bh gkgk, XhnK Bkba fJj' fijhnK rZbk
BjhI eohdhnK < \'B pzd. oZi e/ o'Jh.
GkJh beFtho f;zx w?~ efjzd/ - w/o/ e'ba b/N nkJ/, s[;hI gq'\?;o ;kfjp. bzwk ;wK w/o/ Bkba
fpskfJnk j[zdk, sK w?I E'~ J/; ekpb eo fdzdk fe itkbkw[yh ftZu'I o[fVQnk nkT[Idk bktk nkokw
Bkba ngD/ jZEK ftu p'u b?Id/.
E'VQk e[ bktk sK jZEK ftu nk jh frnk nkf]o. fJjh pE/o?. o{;' nkgDh ;t?ihtBh eB\?FB}
ftu fbydk j? - w/oh G{nk pVh ;[jDh ;h. w?~ gzi-S/ ;kbK d/ ~ ;?o eoB Bkba fbikfJnk
eodh. T[j fgnkok rhs rkT[Idh j[zdh, fi; dhnK nZm-d; gzeshnk ;B. pkeh w?~ G[Zb rJhnK,
uko bkJhBK :kd jB. i[nkBh ftu wo rJh ;h T[j. w?I eJh tko ;'funk pJh ngD/ GkJhuko/
d/ pkeh w?IpoK B/ th sK T[jdk rhs ;[fDnk j'J/rk. uZb' g[ZS-g[Sk e/ g{ok eohJ/. c/o w?I nkg/
fJokdk pdb b?Idk, feT[Ife fJj w?E'I podkFs Bk j[zdk fe fe;/ j'o B/ th T[j rhs ;[fDnk
j'fJnk j?. w?I sK u[Zg-u[Zghs/ uko ;soK Bkba T[wo fpsk bT{IrkA.
T[jdh n;h; fwbh, fJjh ek\h oj/rh, o{;' d/ rhs tKr. gkmeK ~ T[jd/ e[M p'b fwb/. j'o
eh ukjhd? <
GkJh tho f;zx ih dh fJfsjk;e T[od{ jZE fbys dk fbZghnzso
1H BkGk e/ wFj{o FkfJo beFtho f;zx ih w[}so B/ J/e B}w jkb jh w/I ebwpzd eh
j? fi; ek Bkw j? ikfw Fjkds. fJ; w/I ;kfjp Fqh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih e/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kd'I eh
Fjkds dk fdb;'} s}eok j? i' fJ; y{ph ;/ p:kB ehnk r:k j? fe ;dhUI ek r[}ok tkfenk
fJ; soj ;/ g/F/ B}o j' iksk j? fe r':k nGh nKy'I e/ ;kwB/ j' ojk j'.
2H :/ w[;b;b B}w d' o'} w/I jh FkfJo B/ fbyh j?. y;{;hns :/ j? fe J/e jh ekchJ/
w/I gKu ;" e/ eohp nFnko ej/ j?I. pbfe cko;h esnks Gh T[;h pjo n"o t}B e/ j?I.
3H sFphjks n"o fJFfsnkoks J/e nB'yk fJwfsnk} oys/ j?I. w[nop :k cko;h e/ F[nok
eh sebhd BjhI eh rJh pbfe Gkos toF e/ p}[or'I n"o wkdo/ tsB eh fgnkoh uh}'I F/
sFphj eh rJh j? :k e[dosh wBk}o :k skohyh tke:ks n"o w[Bkf;p jkfb nF:k e' ;kwB/
oZyk r:k j??. |?o e[dosh n"o p/n;b uhi e' fFno w/I ygk:k BjhI r:k. sbwhjks Gh
ekfpb/ skohc j?. fJ; edo sFphjks e' B}w eoBk nk;kB BjhI.
4H w[jkf;B/ ;[yB e/ fbjk} ;/ :/ B}w y{phUI ;/ Gog{o j?. seokfo nb\k}, j[;B/ f;de,
w[jktok, ;ckJh p:kB, ;kdrhfJ e[dofs w}w{B, y{phJ/ soehp, j[;fB fJ;fsnkok, b[sfc
sFphj, tkfe:k r[}koh, i}pk fBrkoh, wkfwbkpzdh, p[bzdhfJ i}pks, w[skfpefs nbck}' w}w{B,
;'}'r[dk} n"o ;jfb w[wfsBk i?;h f;cks ;/ nFnko w[}JhnB j?. nkws ek :/ nkbw j? fe
dfonk ;k pjsk ubk nk ojk j?. eJh irk |w w/I v{p/ j{J/ nFnko n?;/ tkfenks ;[Bks/ j?I
fe p/fJyfsnko nKy'I w/I nK;{ T[wv nks/ j?I.
5H skohyh B[eskfJ fBrkj ;/ Gh :/ B}w do[;s j?. rbs[b nkw tkfenks ;/ fJjsok}
eoe/ ;jh tkfenks ehJ/ j?I. skn;[p :k fonkfJs ek dyb BjhI. fJB tkfenks go eJh
n;jkp B/ ykwk co;kJh eh j? wro jehes w/I w[}so eh B}w ;jh tkfenks n"o fJj;k;ks
;/ g[o j?. ejhI ejhI s' okwkfJD n"o Ges s[b;h dk; e/ i}pks ;kwB/ nk iks/ j?I. gq/w n"o
Gesh ekfpb/ skohc j?. ps"o w[}so, ¿T[Beh n;b T[Bek yb{; j? n"o p;.¿
6H nkg e/ iZd/ nwid GkJh w{b uzd ih nkfoc n"o ekfwb p}[or j[J/ j?I. wFj{o cko;h
e/ FkfJo n"o r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih e/ wfbe T[F F[nok GkJh Bzd bkb ih r':k fJB e/
p}[orkfB ;bc w/I ;/ E/. r':k FkfJoh T[Be' fto;/ w/I fwbh j? n"o }"fe ;bhw B/ nkgee'
FkfJo pBk:k j?. jo fFno i}pkfs jeheh ek nkJhBkdko j?.
43
7H w/ok f]nkb j? ikfw Fjkds jo r[od[nko/ w/I w"i{d j'Bh ukjhJ/ n"o jo ykb;k ;e{b'I
eh bkfJpo/oh w/I s[bpk e/ gVQB/ e/ bhJ/ fJ;/ oyk ikt/ sK fe co} n"o Xow eh ;jh skbhw
;/ nkJhIdk B;b/I ckfJdk T[mk ;e/I/.
tho f;zx v/jokd{B 09-04-19
44
oftzdoBkE N?r'o
w[rbK d/ Gkos ftu jwfbnK s'I gfjbK pqkjwD wZs ns/ FoZwD wZs dh ;ys NZeo ojh.
gfjbK i?BhnK B/ :Zr nkfde eoweKv d"okB j'D tkbhnK o;wK, yk; eoe/ pbh dh o;w dk
vNe/ fto'X ehsk. fgS'I wjkswk p[ZX B/ Jh;ato ftu ft;atk; dk wiake T[vkfJnk. p[ZX B/ nkw
p'bh gkbh ftu Xow T[gd/;a fds/ s/ fbytkJ/, iksgks dh tor-tzv Bz{ s'fVnk. ;fji/ ;fji/
p'XhnK B/ oki;aesh gqkgs eo bJh. nF'e, efB;ae ns/ g'o; d/ ;fwnK ftu fJj nkgDh
skes d/ f;yo T[Zgo ;h. t?fde wZs d/ nB[nkJh p'X Fesh Bz{ podk;as sK eod/ oj/ go fJ;
fto[ZX T[BQK d/ wB ftu Bcaos ;h. nfijk th gqshs j[zdk j? fit/I FoZwD wZs dqktV b'eK dk
j't/ s/ t?fde wZs nkohnK dk. fJT[I fJj d' ;fGnsktK dk G/V ;h. ;zaeokukohnk t?fde wZs Bz{
g[Bo ;[oihs eoBk ukj[zdk ;h. T[;B/ t?fde wZs bJh wiap{s cb;ck fdsk ns/ fjzd{ ;wki Bz{
;zrfms ehsk. fJ; ;w/I s'I fjzd{ Xow dh F[ZXsk T[go nwb j'Dk F[o{ j'fJnk Gkt fe fijV/
Gkosh Bk;se wZsK ftu ub/ rJ/ ;B, T[BQK Bz{ tkg; ;BksB Xow ftu fbnkT[D d/ T[gkT[ F[o{
j'J/. nZmthI ;dh sZe pzrkb ftu fjzd{ Xow w[V nkgDh geV wiap{s eo frnk.
fJ; ;w/I eB"i, ftdtkB pqkjwDk dk e/Ido ;h.eB"i ftu'I gzi ftdtkB pzrkb ftu ;Zd/ rJ/
fiBQK dhnK j[D sZe pz;ktbhnK dk pkekfJdk foekov fwbdk j?.fJBQK gzi ftdtkBK ftu'I fJe
dk Bkw dZy (;z;feqs dZe;a) ;h i' N?r'o ykBdkB dk tv/ok ;h. fJBQK Bz{ pzrkbh b'e mke[o
(Gkt jkew) fejk eod/ ;B. nzro/iaK Bz{ mkeo bcaia T[ukoD eoBk Bk nkfJnk, T[j fJBQK Bz{
N?r'o efjD bZr gJ/.GkoshnK B/ fJj' bcaia ngDk fbnk.
Gkt/I fe w[;bwkBk tZb'I jZb/ pj[s gfjbK, nZmthI ;dh s'I jh F[o{ j' rJ/ ;B go pkjothI ;dh
ftu pzrkb ;w/s ;kok fjzd[;skB w[;bwkBk d/ epia/ ftu nk frnk. fJj' fijh jkbs ftu e[ZM
b'e vod/ wko/, e[M bkbu t; Xow gfotosB eo fbnk eod/ jB. fJ;/ mke[o ykBdkB dk
i[nkB fJe w[;bwkB e[Vh d/ fJ;ae ftu c; frnk s/ ftnkj eoB dh fJZSk gqrNkJh. e[Vh d/
wkfgnK tZb'I ;aos oZyh rJh fe fJ;bkw ep{b eo/Irk sK Bekj eo fdnKr/. nfijk j'fJnk.
uzr/ xokD/ dk s/ fsyk fJj p[ZXhtkB i[nkB, gho nbh ykB d/ Bkw Bkb ikfDnk frnk fi;B/
dZyDh pzrkb d/ i?;"i fJbke/ d/ ;{p/dko gk;'I dhtkB dh e[o;h jk;b eo bJh. gho nbhykB
d/ d' Gok Bkwd/t ns/ i?d/t ;B fiBQK B/ nkgD/ w[;bwkB Gok Bkb'I ;pzX sK BjhI s'V/ go
T[j nkgD/ fjzd{ fto;/ Bkb i[V/ oj/.
ykB pkekfJdk Bwki gVQdk ns/ o'ia/ oydk. owiakB d/ fJe fdB Bkwd/t B/ d/fynk, gho nbh
ykB fBzp{ Bz{ ;z[x fojk ;h. Bkwd/t p'fbnk - gozgok fJj j? ykB, fe ykD ghD tkbh t;s{ Bz{
;[zxDk th r[Bkj j? feT[Ife wzfBnK iKdk j? fe fJj nZXk ykD d/ pokpo j[zdk j?. ;' s[jkvk
o'iak Gzr j' frnk j?. ykB Bz{ fJj tke p[ok bZfrnk go T[; e'b fJ;dk e'Jh itkp BjhI ;h.
T[;B/ nkgD/ wfjbK ftu ;zrhs ;Gk p[bkJh, ykD/ dk gqpzX ehsk s/ nkgD/ fjzd{ GoktK Bz{ ;Zdk
fdZsk. ;o's/ ;zrhs ;[DB ftu wrB ;B. Bkb d/ ewo/ ftu w[;bwkBk bJh dknts tk;s/
T[BQK d/ g;zdhdk getkB pD oj/ ;B. ykD/ dh y[;ap{ fJXo nkJh sK i?d/t B/ fejk - pVhnk
bihia ;[rzXhnK nk ojhnK jB gho ykB. ykB B/ fejk - rT{ dk wk; foZM fojk j?, T[;/ dh
y[;ap{ j? fJj. fJ;Bz{ ;z[x b?Dk ykD tork jh j[zdk j? fit/I s[jkvk ft;atk; j? i?d/t. s[jkvk
Xow fGq;aN j' frnk. e[ZM j'o fjzd{ ;o'fsnK ;w/s fJj d't/I Gok BZe pzd eoe/ ;Gk ftu'I T[m
nkJ/. fJ; Bkb fJBQK d/ GkJhuko/ ftu d'jK GoktK dh j/mh j'Jh. mke[o GkJhukok Bcaos Bkb
fJBQK Bz{ ghokbh mkeo (gho nbh s'I ghokbh) efjD bZrk.
fi; fJbke/ ftu fJE/ T[BQK d/ p}[or dZy Bz{ ;fseko Bkb ;Zfdnk frnk ;h j[D T[E/ fJBQK dk
fsq;eko F[o{ j' frnk. gfjbK sK j";b/ Bkb fJj dV tZN iawkBk eZN dh Bhsh nB[;ko fdB
eNh eod/ oj/ go B"ps fJj nk rJh fe pkeh mkeoK B/ fJBQK dhnK XhnK ftnkj[D ns/
nkgDhnK XhnK fJBQK Bz{ ftnkj[D s/ pzd;a bk fdsh. fJe fjzwsh nrKjtX{ i[nkB irB BkE
e[;ako B/ GkJhuko/ dh fBzfdnK dh gqtkj Bk eofdnK ghokbh mkeoK dh e[Vh ftnkj bJh fi;
d/ cb;o{g fJ; Bz{ th T[iVBk fgnk.
e[;ako gfotko ns/ ghokbh gfotko B/ gqshs ehsk fe nfijk eoweKv i' Bcaos phidk j?,
T[ikV fdzdk j?, T[; Gko s'I w[es j'fJnk ikt/. tZvh s'I tZvh ;ZN j'o eh j' ;edh j?< ;kps
eohJ/ fe nkgK wB[ysk d/ Gb/ bJh fezB/ ;[fjod jK. fJeZbk pqkjwD GkJhukok Bkokia j' frnk
45
j? sK eh< pkeh b'e fejVk gF{ jB< T[BQK d/ fdbK ftu nkgDh EK pDktKr/. T[uhnK e[bK
gk;, ngwkB s'I fJbktk, d/D tk;s/ j'o e[M BjhI fojk.
;skoQthI ;dh d/ nyho sZe nzro/iaK B/ tgko ftu nkgDh wiap{s geV ekfJw eo bJh ;h.
T[BQK dh uVQs dhnK ejkDhnK fjzd{ gfotkoK ftu sK s[ohnK jh, w[;bwkB th T[BQK pkps u"e;
ofjD bZr/. nzro/iaK ftu Bk iks-nfGwkB ;h BK fjzd{nK torhnK ofjD ;fjD ghD ykD dhnK
pzd;aK. fJ; ghokbh ykBdkB B/ r'fpzdg[o Bkw dh p;sh ftu nkgDk v/ok bk fbnk. fJj EK
pzdorkj d/ B/V/ ;h fiE'I nzro/ia nkgD/ ijkiaK okjhI wkb dh Y' Y[nkJh eod/ ;B. fJj rohp
wS/fonK dh p;sh ;h. fJBQK ny"sh BhthI iks d/ b'eK Bz{ id'I gsk bZrk fe Bt/I nkJ/ pkf;zad/
pqkjwD jB sK T[BQK d/ wB ftu dfJnk dh EK s/ nksw ;BwkB d/ Gkt g?dk j'J/ fe nfij/
pqkjwD th ;' ;ed/ jB i' wS/fonK Bz{ Bcaos BjhI eod/, T[BQK ftu ofjD bZr gJ/ jB.
;fseko Bkb wS/o/ fJBQK Bz{ @@mkeo ukuk## efj e/ p[bkT[Id/. fJj th T[BQK d/ d[yK ;[ZyK ftu
;jkJh j[zd/.
oZp Bz{ fJj' rZb uzrh bZrh. fsq;eko/ j'J/ pqkjwD id'I wS/fonK ftu nk t;/, fJBQK dh fe;ws
gbND bZr gJh. ;fji/ ;fji/ fJBQK gk; iawhdkohnK nkJhnK s/ fgqz; sZe d/ fyskp fwb/. i/
fes/ fJj gfotko GkJhuko/ tb'I S/fenk Bk iKdk, ;zGt j? pkeh ihnK tKr fJj th nT[X fpsk
fpsk wod/ izwd/ ofjzd/. Bcaos dh nZr ftu'I fBeb e/ fJj ;'Bk gfjbK Bkb'I tXhe yok j'
frnk.
oftzdoBkE d/ pkpk dtkoekBkE dh T[wo ni/ 13 ;kb dh ;h id'I fgsk ekb t; j' rJ/.
dtkoek fJzBk tZvk T[Zdwh fBefbnk fe soZeh eofdnK Bhb d/ ekoykB/ bkJ/, F'o/, uhBh dhnK
c?eNohnK bkJhnK ns/ ykDk yohd e/ e'fJbk eZYDk nozfGnk. pzrkb ns/ T[Vh;k dhnK
pzdorkjK T[go fe;ashnK dk wiap{s p/Vk fsnko ehsk. ;cbsk fwbdh rJh sK dtkoek BkE
B/ Gkos dh okiXkBh ftu nkX[fBe p?Ie dh ;EkgBk ehsh fi;dk Bkw :{BhnB p?Ie oZfynk. fJ;
;ko/ eko'pko Bz{ nkgDh N?r'o n?Iv ezgBh d/ nXhB oZfynk.
;fji/ ;fji/ fJe ;XkoB xo wfjb dk o{g b?D bZr fgnk fiE/ ftuko r';aNhnK j[zdhnK, ;zrhs
wifb;K ;idhnK ns/ r'fonK ;w/s j'o j[ewokBK Bz{ ft;eh ;w/s ;akBdko ykfDnK dhnK
dkntsK fdshnK iKdhnK. y[;ap{dko swke{ d/ j[Ze/ sK ;kok fdB x[zwd/ ofjzd/. ebeZs/ d/ n?B
ftuko i'Vk;Ke' Bkw d/ fJbke/ ftu yb'sk wfjb nZi th fJ; ykBdkB d/ T[u/ woksp/ dh
pekfJnk fB;akBh j?. j[D fJj ftfdnk dk e/Ido j? s/ ;akBdko fJfsjk;e :kdrko j?.
T[j pV/ ft;akb fdb tkb/ dkBh ;B. e'Jh ;z;Ek nfijh BjhI i' efj ;edh fe T[;Bz{ dkB
BjhI fwfbnk. ;kb 1816 ftu T[BQK B/ gfjbk fjzd{ ekbi ;Ekgs ehsk i' nzro/iah soia s/
;?e{bo ;z;Ek ;h. gfjbK wdo;/ w[;bwkBk bJh s/ gkm;akbktK fjzd{ ftfdnkoEhnK bJh tZy tZy
;B. pkd ftu fJ; dk Bkw gq?iahv?I;h ekbi oZfynk frnk. 1835 ftu T[BQK B/ ebes/ ftu
gfjbk w?vheb ekbi ns/ j;gskb y'fbQnk. b'Vtzd ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ tihc/ fdzd/. w[odk fi;w
Bkb S/V-SkV gkg j?, fjzd{nK dk fJj Gow d{o eoB bJh T[j b?pkoNohnK ftu ftfdnkoEhnK
d/ Bkb fdB pshs eod/.
1784 Jh;th ftu nzro/iaK B/ J/;ahnkNe ;';kfJNh nkca pzrkb ;Ekgs ehsh sK dtkoekBkE
gfjb/ Gkosh w?Ipo bJ/ rJ/. fJ;/ ;';kfJNh ftu'I nkofenkb'ih ;ot/ nkca fJzvhnk, i{nkb'iheb
;ot/ nkca fJzvhnk, pNkBheb n?Iv ihnkb'iheb ;ot/ nkca fJzvhnk, nkX[fBe ftfrnkBe ;z;EktK
g?dk j'JhnK. T[BQK Bz{ fJzrb?Iv fty/ ps"o ;N/N wfjwkB ;Zdk gqkgs j'fJnk. T[;B/ ;kro gko
eoe/ fjzd{ gozgok dh T[bzxDk ehsh.
T[j jo/e T[; edw Bkb nkgDk edw fwbk b?Id/ fijVk b'eK d/ Gb/ bJh s[fonk j't/. okik
okww'jB okfJ Bz{ nkX[fBe pzrkb dk fBowksk fejk iKdk j? fiBQK B/ pzrkbh ;wki d/ fgSKj
fyu{ tfjw g[ZND bJh fJe gqeko dk :[ZX S/fVnk. okik ih dh B/e Bhns d/ye/ dtkoekBkE
T[BQK d/ fwZso j' rJ/ s/ GbkJh fjs dkB fdzd/ oj/. T[BQK dk fJj ft;atk; pD frnk ;h fe
nzro/iah je{ws d"okB Gkos nkX[fBe ftfrnkBe :[Zr ftu gqt/;a eo ;e/rk. fJj th nzro/iaK
dh pd"bs jh ;h fe fonk;sh N[efVnK ftu tzfvnk Gkos fJeZmk j' ;fenk.
gfjbh tko 1842 s/ d{ih tko 1844 ftu fJzrb?Iv rJ/. T[E'I coK; dh :ksok ehsh. g?fo;
ftu T[j B"itkB ftfdnkoEh co?vfoe w?e;w{bo Bz{ fwb/ i' gq'c?;o poB't nXhB fort/d dk
nfXn?B eo fojk ;h. nkgDh ihtB ejkDh ftu w?e;w{bo B/ dtkoekBkE pkps y{p;{os tke
46
fby/ jB, @@w/o/ wB ftu fJ; fjzd[;skBh ;ay; B/ ;EkJh :kd pDkJh j?. w?I T[; dknts ftu
;akwb j'fJnk fijVh coK; d/ pkd;akj b{Jh fcfbg d/ ;BwkB ftu dtkoekBkE B/ fdsh. tZvk
wfjwkBxo o/;awh, ;akBdko e;awhoh ;akbK g;awhfBnK B/ fJT[I Ye ofynk ;h fit/I n;hI ;ko/ GtB
ftu T[vd/ iKd/ j'JhJ/.## ‘
nr;s 1846 ftu 52 ;kb dh T[wo ftu T[BQK dk bzdB ftu d/jKs j'fJnk sK nypko @d
NkJhwia# B/ 3 nr;s 1846 Bz{ fbfynk, @@Gkos ftu T[; tork j'o e'Jh BjhI ;h i' nkgD/
fJod frod ofjzd/ b'eK dk ;dk Gbk b'u/, ;[oZfynk d/t/. Gkos ns/ fJzrb?Iv ftu nfij/ b'eK
dh ewh BjhI fiBQK B/ dtkoek BkE okjhI ;cabsk gqkgs ehsh s/ i' fJ; mkeo d/ eoiaJh Bk
j'D.##
dtkoekBkE d/ fszB p/N/ ;B fiBQK ftu ;G s'I tZvk dftzdoBkE jEb/ BkfJe oftzdoBkE dk
fgsk ;h. dftzdoBkE XBkv fgsk dk bkvbk p/Nk iao{o ;h go d[Bhnkth ;akB;a"es, XB, dkntsK
nkfde s'I fBob/g. fgsk Bz{ b'e nkdo Bkb fgqz; fejk eoe/ ;B sK dftzdoBkE Bz{ fo;ah ih
fejk ikD bZrk. fgsk dh EK nkswe s"o s/ T[j okik okww'jB okfJ d/ tXhe B/V/ ;B fi;
eoe/ T[BQK Bz{ okik ih dk T[ZsokfXekoh wzfBnk frnk.
d/ftzdoBkE dh T[wo 10 ;kb dh ;h id'I T[;dh dkdh dh w"s j'Jh. w"s s'I gfjbK dkdh Bz{
rzrk feBko/ fJe e[Nhnk ftu fbikfJnk frnk feT[Ife ft;atk; ;h fe fJ; EK w[esh fwbdh
j?. fszB fdB dkdh w"s Bkb x[bdh ojh s/ g'sk gfjok fdzdk fojk. nkgDhnK :kdK ftu
d/ftzdo B/ fbfynk, @@w"s s'I gfjbh oks Bdh feBko/ id'I w?I fJeZbk p?mk ;K sK nukBe w?Bz{
e'Jh d?th nB[Gt j'fJnk. w?I p/j';ah fijh ftu r[zw j' frnk. w?I gfjbK tork Bk fojk. XB
d"bs Bkb'I w/ok w'j Gzr j' frnk. fijVh caNh g[okDh pK; dh uNkJh T[go w/ok nk;D ;h,
w?Bz{ bZrk ;G s'I ehwsh ns/ w/o/ bJh T[g:'rh fJj' j? pkeh dk ;kok fdyktk X'yk j?.## fJ;
xNBk pkps n?ftfbB nzvofjZb B/ fbfynk, @@nkswk dh T[vkD d/ nfij/ ojZ;wJh gqwkD
fJfsjk; ftu xZN fwbd/ jB.##
fgsk ngD/ p/N/ d/ ;[Gkn ekoB go/;akB j' iKdk. fe;/ Bz{ th nfijk fynkb BjhI ;h fe
dtkoekBkE 52 ;kb dh T[wo ftu uZb t;Dr/ go fJzrb?Iv ikD s'I gfjbK jh T[;B/ fJj
;'ue/ fe fes/ eko'pko spkj j' ikt/ s/ w/o/ pZu/ ;zeN dk f;aeko j' ikD, ekch iawhB nkgD/
fszB/ g[ZsoK tk;s/ yohd fdsh. d/jKs pkd fJj' j'fJnk. Gkoh wkbh xkNk fgnk, eko'pko pzd j'
rJ/, gfotko Bz{ dhtkbhnk J/; eoe/ BjhI n?bkfBnk frnk feT[Ife b?Ddko ikDd/ ;B fe
dtkoek nfsnzs fdnkb{ fJB;kB ;h. g[ZsoK B/ b?DdkoK Bz{ fejk fe n;hI feT[Ife jZ; e/ eoiak
T[skoB d/ fJS[e jK, ;koh eko'pkoh ikfJdkd s[;hI nkgD/ Bkw spdhb wbehns eotk bt'.
b?DdkoK B/ fejk - BjhI s[;hI B/epys fJB;kB d/ pZu/ j'. nkgK ob fwb e/ eko'pko bhjK
T[go b? nktKr/ s/ s[jkBz{ nZSh sBykj fwbdh oj/rh.
S/sh jh fco tgko ftu ;ws'b nk frnk. dftzdoBkE B/ Bk e/tb fw;afos ftnki ;w/s ;ko/
eoia/ T[sko/ ;r'I n?bkB ehsk, @@bzvB ikD s'I gfjbK fiBQK ;z;EktK Bkb fgsk ih B/ tkndk
ehsk ;h fe dkB fdnKrk, w?I fgsk dh fJj fJSk g{osh th eoKrk.##
T[j eJh eJh wjhfBnK tk;s/ fJeKstk; fjs fjwkbk ub/ iKd/ fiE/ fBozso pzdrh eod/. ;kb
1858 ftu T[BQK B/ d/fynk, fBowb MoBk ;tZS gkDh G/i fojk j?. T[; d/ tjkT[ d/ Bkb Bkb
T[j j/mK T[sod/ rJ/. w?dkBk ftu nke/ T[;dk gkDh rzXbk j' frnk d/fynk, Bkb/ d/fynk,
fe;kB T[; rzXb/ gkDh Bkb c;b dh T[gi tXk oj/ jB. T[dhI fynkb nkfJnk - w?I fezBh
rbsh s/ ;K i' ;'udk ;K fe pzdrh eoB bJh fjwkbk dh T[ukD iao{oh j?. fJ; MoB/ tKr w?I
b'eK ftu iktKrk, fi; Bz{ w?b ;wMdk fojk, T[jh g?dktko bJh b'VhIdh j?, fJj' ;kvh eow
G{wh j?. d[BhnKdkoh fBGkT[IfdnK j'fJnK w?I oZp d/ Biadhe ofj ;eKrk. T[BQK B/ eJh tko
;dhth ;fBnk; b?D pko/ ;'funk, fynkb fsnkr fdsk s/ Xkofwe coia gfotko ftu ofjzfdnk
fBGkJ/.
7 wJh 1861 Bz{ oftzdo dk iBw j'fJnk. G?D Gok fizB/ r'o/ ;B T[BQK d/ w[ekpb/ oth dk ozr
eDetzBk ;h. tZvh G?D ;[dkwDh fejk eodh @@BjhI r'ok Bk ;jh, w/o/ oth (;{oi) tho dhnK
feoBk ft;at Bz{ g[oB{o eoBrhnK.## ;akodk d/th ft;akb gfotko dh nfsnzs XhoitkB wK ;h
fi; d/ nkgD/ 14 pu/ sK ;B jh, uku/ ukuhnK d/ pu/ th, s/ nZr'I fotki nkg/ nfijk ;j/V
fbnk fe XhnK s/ itkJh th fJE/ i'Vk;Keh d/ tv/ xo ftu ofjzd/.
47
pkbe oftzdo Bz{ B"eoK dh fBrokBh ftZu oZfynk frnk. B"eoK ftueko T[j fuVfuVk s/ fiaZdh
j' frnk. szr nke/ B"eo T[;d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ wzihnK dh ezX T[;ko e/ T[;Bz{ fJ; fgzio/ ftu
pzd eoe/ nkyd/ - i/ pkjo fBeb frnk sK wo ikJ/Irk. fJ; p/o[yh tkb/ wkj"b dk fiaeo T[j
ngDh feskp w/ok pugB ftu eodk j?.
tZvk Gok dfizdoBkE eth, ;zrhseko, fcbk;cao s/ rfDs ;ak;sqh ;h. oftzdo B/ fJ; Gok s'I
eftsk i'VBh s/ b?n ftu T[ukoBh f;yh. d{ik Gok ;fszdogkb nkJhH;hHn?;H eoB ftu ;cb
fojk s/ ;koh T[wo ;Zsk dh e[o;h T[go fpokiwkB fojk. fJj seVk gVQke{ ns/ b/ye ;h.
pzrkbh, ;z;feqs ns/ nzro/iah fszBk ftu T[j bkitkp ;h. T[;B/ rhsk ns/ w/xd{s dk pzrkbh
eftsk ftu gfjbh tko T[Zsw nB[tkd ehsk. T[;B/ wokmh ebkf;e rqzEK d/ nB[tkd pzrbk ftu
ehs/. fgsk dftzdoBkE dh ;t?-ihtBh T[;B/ nzro/iah ftu nB[tkd ehsh i' w?efwbB bzvB B/
Skgh. ;fszdo dh gsBh ;[jDh ;h. id'I Bzr/ wz{j sKr/ ftu fpmk e/ ;fszdo ;Ve T[go dh
;N/;aB ikD bJh bzfxnk sK g{o/ ebes/ ftu fJj ypo izrb dh nZr tKr c?bh. jo/e nky
fojk ;h -n?Bk tZvk ebze fJj fet/I X'Dr/< go ;fszdo X[B dk nfijk gZek fe id'I fJzrb?Iv
frnk sK gsBh Bz{ Bkb b?e/ frnk. fJE/ jh 14 ;kb dh T[wo ftu gfjbh tko oftzdo gVQB
tk;s/ ngD/ Gok d/ gfotko ftu fojk fiE/ T[;dk y{p fdb bZrk.
fjfwzdoBkE shik Gok ;h i' 40 ;kb dh T[wo ftZu oZp Bz{ fgnkok j' frnk. oftzdo fJ; Gok
dk pV/ ;fseko Bkb fiaeo eodk j?. fJ; B/ fejk ;h fe nozG ftu nzro/iah BjhI, pzrbk
f;yDh j?. N?r'o B/ fbfynk j? - id'I pkeh pu/ cob cob nzro/iah p'bd/ j[zd/ T[d'I w?I ph J/
vh, p?v s/ n?w J/ vh, w?v Bz{ oZNk bkT[Idk fcodk. w/o/ Gok dk c?;bk, fpbe[b do[;s ;h.
fgS'I fJ;/ gkfb;h Bz{ w?I nkg bkr{ eodk fojk i' ;cb f;ZX j'Jh.
xo ftu ;kdrh dk wkj"b sK ;h go g?;/ Ne/ dh szrh BjhI ;h. oth B/ pugB d/ fdB :kd
eofdnK fbfynk j? - @@ykD-uhiK ftu tzB ;[tzBsk j[zdh. eZgV/ uzr/ j[zd/, p/;ae nZi eZbQ d/
pZfunK Bz{ T[j uzr/ Bk bZrD. d;thI gk; eo b?D s'I gfjbK ;[jDh r[orkph BjhI fwb ;edh
;h. ;odhnK ftu w'Nk ;{sh e[Vsk j[zdk. edh BjhI bfrnk ;h fe ;kv/ Bkb ftseok j'fJnk
j?. T[d'I iao{o f;aekfJs eod/ id'I p[ZYk doih e[Vs/ d/ i/p bkT[Dh G[Zb iKdk feT[Ife fJ; xo
dk e'Jh pZuk J/Bk rohp BjhI ;h fe i/p ftu gkT[D bJh e[M g?;/ Bk j'D.
oth dk pugB ozr ozr dh ebgDk Bkb fJ; edo Gog{o ;h fe T[;Bz{ ;Zuh rZb uzrh Bk
brdh. npd[b wbkj wZShnK b?e/ nkfJnk eodk ;h. T[;B/ pkbe oth Bz{ fJe xNBk ;[DkJh
fe fJe t/o u/s d/ nyho ftu T[j wZShnK cVB bJh frnk sK B/oQh nk rJh. p/Vh go/ jh
go/ ik ojh ;h. T[;B/ p/Vh dk oZ;k cfVnk s/ gkDh ftu e[Zd fgnk. pVh w[;aeb Bkb x;hN
e/ ezY/ T[go g[Zik. oth fbydk j?, @@fJj ejkDh w/o/ ;[Gkn d/ T[bN S/sh ysw j' rJh. p/Vh
pu rJh, wbkj th ;bkws fojk. fJj eh ejkDh j'Jh< w?I pko pko g[Sdk - c/o eh j'fJnk
< nZr/ dZ; eh j'fJnk< npd[bk eh d;dk id'I e[ZM j'fJnk jh BjhI ;h. go w?I jfNnk BK sK
T[j p'fbnk - nZr/ pVk e[M j'fJnk. w?I d/fynk s{ckB nkT[D t/b/ fJe uhsk doys s/ uVQ
frnk go id'I s/ia B/oQh Bkb doyas rzrk ftu fvr fgnk sK uhsk bZrk Bdh ftu r's/ ykD.
v[pdk sodk T[j feBko/ nk bZrk. T[;Bz{ pVh G[Zy brh j'Jh ;h s/ w?Bz{ d/yD ;ko T[;dhnK
nZyK uwe gJhnK s/ wz{j ftu'I okbK trD bZrhnK. T[;dh Bhns GKgD ;ko w?I oZ;/ Bz{ tZvh
;koh ;oethI rzY wko bJh :kBh fe cK;h dk czdk fijk pDk fbnk. id'I T[j nrb/ gzi/ u[Ze
e/ w/o/ tZb GZfink w?I cNk cN czdk T[; tZb ;[ZN fdsk s/ rb ftu g?D ;ko oZ;h fyu fdsh.
fiT[I fiT[I T[j czd/ ftu fBebD dk :sB eodk, czdk j'o ef;nk iKdk. nkyo T[jdh ihG
pkjo nk rJh.##
@@T[j wfonk BjhI<## w?Bz{ pVk i';a nk frnk sK w?I g[ZfSnk. ##jVQ gko eoe/ w?I th sK
pjkdorzi tkg; g[ZiDk ;h, w?I feT[I woB fdzdk< w?I T[jBz{ nkgDh p/Vh nr/ i'V fbnk. ukbh
whb T[; s'I nkgDh p/Vh fyutkJh. id'I T[j uheD brdk w?I uZg{ Bkb T[jdh G[rs ;[nkodk.
gzdoK xzfNnK dk ;cao T[;B/ v/Y xzN/ ftu w[ek fdsk. p; poy[odkok, nZr/ j'o ;tkb Bk
g[ZShI w/o/ s'I. j'o w/o/ e'b e'Jh itkp BjhI.##
@@nZSk##, w?I fejk, @@ub' fJj sK uhs/ dh rZb j'Jh. j[D wrowZS dh e'Jh rZb th ;[DkT[.
npd[b nkydk, @@w?I T[jd/ BZe dh eo{zpb gkDh ftu'I fBebh eJh tko d/yh j?. po/s/ ftu X[Zg/
b/Ne/ T[j pVk w[;eKdk j?. i/ pzd{e j't/ w?I T[jBz{ dZ; jh fdnK fe w?I e"D jK go w/ok b;z;
48
ysw j' frn?. c/o th fJe fdB dh rZb ;[DkBk. fJe nkiVh n"os Bdh feBko/ dksh Bkb
pK; fSZb ojh ;h s/ T[jdh pZeoh B/V/ xkj uo ojh ;h. wrowZS nkfJnk s/ X{n e/ peoh Bz{
dfonk ftu b? tfVnk. iBkBh B/ nZrk d/fynk Bk fgSk, MN dfonk ftu Skb wko e/ wrowZS
dh fgm T[go p?m rJh s/ dksh Bkb T[; tv/ ;ko/ feob/ dk rbk uhoB bZrh. wrowZS B/
pZeoh SZv fdsh s/ nkg gkDh ftu v[peh bk frnk.
@@c/o< nr/<## w?I j?okBh Bkb g[Sdk.
@@U :ko wrowZS v[Zp frnk sK ejkDh th Bkb jh v[Zp rJh. id'I wrowZS fBeb nkfJnk sK
ejkDh th fBeb nkJ/rh go wrowZS Bz{ eZYD tk;s/ ;wK bZr/rk. nrbh tkoh fe;/ Bz{ G/iz{rk
gsk eoB fe nr/ eh j'fJnk, c/o s?Bz{ d;z{rk.##
@@npd[bk w[V e/ nZi sZe BjhI nkfJnk. wrowZS Bz{ bGdk fcodk j'D?.##
ebgDk ftu oth nfXnkge pD iKdk. izrb/ dhnK ;hyK T[;dh ebk; ftu p?mhnK
ftfdnkoEDk ;B. @@T[BK ftu'I e[M pVhnK ;a?skB ;B s/ gVQkJh dk fynkb Jh BjhI ;h. w?I T[BQK
Bz{ fGnkBe vokt/ fdzdk fe tZvhnK j'e/ wid{oh eo'rhnK. SweK d/ tko th eodk. f;o s'I
g?oK she T[BQK d/ fi;w T[go wko ykD d/ fB;akB ;B, c/o fejVk ;aokosK eoB s'I pkia
nkT[IdhnK ;B< T[j sK ;aokosK eoB' BjhI jNhnK, w?I fJj y/v y/vD s'I iao{o jN frnk jK.##
e[M ;wK xo ftu fNT{No gVQkT[D nkfJnk eod/. G?Dk GkJhnK Bz{ pZxh ftu p?me/ ;e{b iKd/
d/ydk sK oth uheD bZr iKdk - @@w?Bz{ th ;e{b dkyb eokT[. w?I BhI xo ftu gVQBk.##
nfXnkge B/ ug/V iVfdnK fejk - nZi ;e{b ikD bJh o'IIdk j?I, eZbQ Bz{ ;e{b'I jND tk;s/
n;wkB f;o s/ u[e bJ/Irk.## fJj GftypkDh ;Zuh j'Jh. edh th pkbe dk ;e{b ftu fdb
Bk bZrk. nZm ;kb dh T[wo ftu T[;B/ s[epzdh eoBh F[o{ eo fdsh.
ftjkoe fe;w dh ftfdnk T[;Bz{ nekT{ brdh. fbfynk j?, @@w?I feskp ftu gfVQnk fe nkdwh
B/ ;G s'I tZvh ekY T[d'I eZYh id'I T[;Bz{ nZr pkbDh nk rJh. w?Bz{ fJj rZb ;jh Bk bZrh.
w?I ;'udk, fuVhnK Bz{ nZr pkbDh BjhI nkT[Idh c/o eh j' frnk< T[BQK d/ wkfgnK Bz{ okshI dhtk
pkbD dh b'V th Bh. Bk ;e{b ikDk gt/. fijVk fJe gkm T[BQK Bz{ :kd j' frnk j?, ;t/o
;akw nBzd Bkb T[jh rkJh iKdhnK jB.##
oth dk fgsk ne;o fjwkbk dh :ksok s/ iKdk s/ fJeKs ftu f;woB eodkl edh edkJh_ oth
Bz{ Bkb b? iKdk. fJe tko fgT[ g[Zso fjwkbk ikD t/b/ nzfwqs;o eJh fdB mfjo/ s/ jfowzdo
;kfjp d/ do;aB ehs/. d/o se ehosB ;[Dd/, ;zrs rkT[Idh sK ;akwb j[zd/.
id'I gVQkJh ftu ;[;s fBefbnk sK wkfgnK B/ ;'funk fe ;e{b pdb e/ d/yhJ/. ;/IN i/aftno
;e{b ftu dkyb eotk fdsk. fJE/ th e'Jh coe Bk bZfrnk, oth B/ fbfynk, @@fJj th
j;gskb ns/ e?d ykB/ dk xkbkwkbk fijk ;h.## nfXnkgeK B/ d/y fbnk fe fJ; BbkfJe B/
edh BjhI gVQBk, nZe e/ fMVeDk cNekoBk th pzd eo fdsk. J/Bh rZb iao{o ;h fe id'I
T[;B/ pzrbk gVQBh fbyDh f;Zy bJh sK T[j jo jZE nkfJnk toek, feskp gVQ e/ ;kj b?Idk.
T[j nDEe gkme ;h.u"dK ;kb dh T[wo ftu T[;dh eftsk cotoh 1876 ftu nzfwqs pkiako
gZfsqek ftu Sgh, sK ;kps j' frnk fe T[; nzdobh skesto gqfsGk gqrN j'D bZr gJh j?.
fJ;/ ;kb wkou ftu wK dk d/jKs j' frnk. oth d/ e'wb wB T[go vz{xh ;ZN Bk tZi/, Gok
ifszdo dh gsBh edzpoh B/ g{ok ;B/j fdZsk. pzfewuzdo u?Noih dk Bktb pzr do;aB Sfgnk
sK pzrkb ftu fJe s{ckB fijk g?dk j' frnk. xo xo ftu fJj Bktb gfVQnk frnk. Gkph
ukj[zdh sK y[d gVQ b?Idh, go T[j oth Bz{ efjzdh - sz{ gVQ e/ ;[Dk. fpibh sK j? BjhI ;h,
Gkph gZyh Mbdh s/ oth Bktb gVQ e/ ;[DkT[Idk. d{i/ gk;/ Gok ifszdoBkE, i' ;zrhse gqfsGk
dk wkbe ;h, fgnkB' u[e fbnkT[Idk, wjhB X[Bk tikT[Idk j'fJnk nkydk - oth, fJ; r[zr/ ;kia
Bz{ p'b d/j. oth rhs i'Vdk, r[Dr[DkT[Idk s/ rhs d/ p'b g{o/ j[zd/. fJ; Bkb oth d/
nzdobh ebk sK gqitbZs j[zdh jh, T[;Bz{ nfij/ ;fj:'rh GkJh Gkph fwb/ fe nkbkd[nkbk
ngDZsg{oB j' iKdk, fgnko tkbk j' iKdk. fBeh ebh d/ fyVB tk;s/ fi; gqeko dk ;ki'a;kwkB
ukjhdk ;h, T[j ;kok w"i{d ;h. oth B/ fbfynk, @@Gok s/ Gkph dh e?d u'I fBebD dk :sB
BjhI ehsk feT[Ife fJ;dh iao{os BjhI ;h. fJ; e?d ftu'I id'I edh w?I ;[szso j'fJnk, sK d[y s'I
fJbktk w?Bz{ j'o e[M BjhI fwfbnk.##
Gok Bkb T[j nkgDh ikfJdkd dk d"ok eoB iKdk. Gok F/o dk f;aeko eoB iKdk sK oth Bz{
Bkb fbiKdk. ;a/o d/ f;aeko dh fJe xNBk pkps oth B/ fbfynk, @@izrb ;zxDk ;h. X[Zg SK
49
ftu fes/ F/o fdykJh Bk fdZsk. i'sh dkdk (ifszdo Gok) B/ pK;K dh fJe ezw ubkT{ g"Vh
pDkJh s/ Goh j'Jh pzd{e b?e/ n;hI doys s/ ik uVQ/. w/o/ e'b sK F/o dh p/fJish eoB
tk;s/ vzvk ;'Nk th BjhI ;h. pj[s d/o sZe nZyK gkV gkV e/ fXnkB Bkb d/yD pkd ;zxDhnK
MkVhnK ftu'I nkT[Id/ T[;d/ g?o fd;/, Gok B/ r'bh dkr fdZsh. r'bh izrb d/ oki/ dh ohVQ dh
jZvh ftu'I dh gko j' rJh s/ T[j w[V T[m Bk ;fenk. pV/ fGnkBe Yzr Bkb rZidk fojk s/
fiE/ fiE/ T[;d/ gzi/ ik ;ed/ ;B MkV MzykV T[go MgNdk fojk s/ ia'o ia'o dh g{S Xosh s/
gNedk fojk. w?I ;wM frnk fe fJj wo frnk j? feT[Ife ;a/oK dk fJj ;[GkT[ BjhI j[zdk fe
T[j woB dh T[vhe Xhoi Bkb bzwk ;wK eoB. w?I fJj th ;'funk fe fgSbh oks eh gsk
fJ;d/ ykD/ ftu fe;/ B/ nchw obk fdsh j't/.##
;fszdoBkE, i' fiabk ;?;aB iZi ;B B/ S[ZNhnK eZND fJzrb?Iv ikDk ;h. T[;B/ fgsk Bz{ fejk fe
oth th Bkb ubk ikJ/ sK uzrk j't/. fJE/ gVQdk BjhI, T[E/ gVQ ;edk j?. tehb dh fejVk
xZN fJiZas j?< fJj bkn eo bt/. fgsk ih wzB rJ/. Gok dk gfotko gfjbK otkBk j' u[Zek
;h. ;bkj fJj pDh fe ;fszdo gfjbK e[M ;wK oth Bz{ nfjwdkpkd ngD/ pzrb/ ftu oZy e/
nzro/iah ns/ r'fonK d/ ofjD ;fjD d/ s"o sohe/ f;ykt/. T[; fgS'I fJzrb?Iv otkBk j' ikDk.
fi; jt/bh ftu iZi dk fBtk; ;h, T[j pkd;akj ;akjijkB dk pDtkfJnk j'fJnk wfjb ;h.
fJ; ftu nzro/iah, pzrbk ns/ ;z;feqs dhnK nBw'b nB/e feskpK ;B. pkbe oth B/ fJBQK
T[go G[Zy/ F/o tKr jZbk p'b fdsk. T[;Bz{ fJE/ nzrq/iah ;kfjs dh nwhoh dk p'X j'fJnk, gfjbK
sK wk;No ipoB gVQKd/ ;B, j[D y[d fJ; pkr ftu dkyb j' frnk. T[;B/ nzro/iah okjhI
:'og d/ pkeh ;kfjs dk nfXn?B Gh fJE/ ehsk. Bkb Bkb B'N; b?Idk iKdk s/ bzw/
nkb'uBkswe b/y fbydk s/ SgD bJh G/idk. T[;d/ fJBQK fdBK ftu fijV/ b/y Gkosh ftu
Sg/ T[j ;B, d ;?e;zia n?Iv n?Irb' ;?e;B fbNo/uo, d Bkowzia n?Iv n?Irb' BkowB fbNo/uo,
g?Nokoe n?Iv b'ok, dKs/ n?Iv fjia g'fJNqh, r/E/, u?NoNB nkfde. T[; ftu fBeh T[wo/ fynkbK
dh gfenkJh gqrN j'D bZrh. T[dkjoD bJh e[M tke d/y' L
@@nfij/ b'e xZN j[zd/ B/ fijV/ nwho jz[d/ j'J/ rohp fdykJh d/D. w?I J/Bk rohp jK fe e'N
d/ fgsb d/ pNDK T[go ;'B/ d/ w[bzw/ eoe/ nkefVnk fcodk jK. w?Bz{ J/Bk nwho sK pDBk
gJ/rk jh fJe fdB fe w?I dZ; fdnk eoKrk - fJj fgZsb d/ B/.##
@@fejk iKd? fe fgnko nzBQk jz[d?. fJ;dk fJj wsbp sK fes/ BjhI fe finkdk d/yDk wkfJB/
nzBQk j'Dk j[zd? feT[Ife gq/w fiE/ nZyK dh Xko s/ia eodk j? T[E/ neb xNk fdzdk j?.##
@@fwsosk ns/ fgnko ftu fJj coe j? fe fwsosk ekoB d[BhnK dk p'X j[zdk j? s/ fgnko
ftu d' ;ay;K dk p'X j[zdk j?. fwsosk ftu fJe iwk fJe pokpo j? fszB s/ fgnko ftu fJe
iwQk fJe pokpo j? fJZe.##
@@t/dBk, nkgD/ nkg ftu y' ikDk j?. fJjh ekoB j? fe ;[zdosk ;kBz{ nkgD/ nkg/ ftu'I pkjo
eZY e/ y[d gqt/;a eo iKdh j? s/ n;h nBzd ftG'o j' iKd/ jK.##
@@e[M b'eK dk fynkb j? n"os f;co tKr j? s/ wod fJe tKr. i/ f;co J/e/ d/ ;Zi/ gk;/
bk fdT[ sK d; dh frDsh j' iKdh j? i/ yZp/ bk fdT[ sK fJe, fJeZbk ofj iKdk j?.
@@;kv/ p}[or fejk eod/ ;B fe ;aow fJ;sqhnK dk ;G s'I ;[jDk i/ato j? go n"osK nkgD/
nkg Bz{ rfjfDnK Bkb J/Bk bZd b?IdhnK jB fe bZi ;aow bNekT[D tk;s/ EK BjhI pudh.##
nfjwdkpkd ftu T[j uko wjhB/ fojk. fJj uko wjhB/ e'Jh uwsekoh ;wK ;h feT[Ife fJBQK
jh fdBK ftu ;zrhs dhnK nfijhnK X[Bk dk oth ftu nkt/;a j'fJnk fe pkd ftu fJj' othIdo
;zrhs gZXsh pD rJh i' pzrbk ;zrhs gZXsh s'I tZyoh ;a?bh j?. edh rhs gfjbK T[Zsodk,
;zrhs ;[o pkd ftu nkT[Id/. edh d't/I fJeZm/ nk T[sod/, edh ;zrhs dhnK X[Bk gfjb'I gqrN
j' iKdhnK s/ eth T[BQK Bz{ p'b d/D tk;s/ p/u?B j' iKdk. fJE'I fJj f;bf;bk fJ; gqeko F[o{
j'fJnk fe ihtB ftu T[BQK B/ d' jiako rhs fby/. pzrbk s'I ikD{ b'e d;d/ jB fe T[;d/
rhs T[; dhnK eftsktK Bz{ fgS/ Sv rJ/ jB.
Gok B/ ;'funk fe ni/ fJzrb?Iv ikD tk;s/ f;ybkJh dh fonkia nX{oh j?. fJe wokmh d';s
w[zpJh ftu vkeNo ;h i' nzro/iah ;fGnkuko ftu ozfrnk j'fJnk ;wki ;[Xkoe ;h. vkeNo dh
i[nkB Xh nzBk fJzrb?Iv ofj e/ nkJh ;h. T[; dh fvT[Nh bkJh rJh fe T[j oth Bz{ T[E/ d/
s"o sohe/ f;ykJ/ feT[Ife g/fJzr r?;N d/ s"o s/ T[E/ T[;Bz{ fe;/ r'o/ d/ xo ofjDk gt/rk.
fJj' fijh e'wb ;[GkT[ dh nfXnkgek Bz{ T[j ;koh T[wo G[b BjhI ;fenk. nkgDh T[wo d/
50
nyhob/ wjhfBnK ftu T[j fJ; nT[X pkps fbydk j?, @@w/o/ ftu T[d'I e'Jh r[D BjhI ;h fJ;
eoe/ i/ T[j w?Bz{ g{oB Biaonzdkia eo fdzdh sK th e;{o w/ok j[zdk go T[;B/ nfijk ehsk jh
BjhI. w?I T[;Bz{ dZf;nk fe w?I eftsk fby ;edk jK p;, j'o e[M BjhI ikDdk. T[;B/ w/oh fJ;
rZb s/ G'ok ;aZe Bk ehsk, s[os wzB rJh. e'Jh ;tkb Bk ehsk, fejk BjhI fe ;kps eo sz{
eth j?I. T[;B/ e/tb fJj wzr ehsh - w/ok fJe Bkw oZy. fijVk Bkw w?I T[;Bz{ fdsk, T[j
gqkgs eoe/ T[j pj[s y[;a j'Jh s/ fejk - @@fizBk ;[jDk sz{ fJj ;apd u[fDnk j?, w?I fJ; torh
BjhI jK.## w?I ukj[zdk ;K ;zrhs tKrz{ fJj Bkw th w/ohnK eftsktK dh o{j pD ikJ/. T[;
tk;s/ w?I fJe rhs fbfynk s/ fJj Bkw T[; ftu go' fdsk. nzfws t/b/ w?I ;w/I d/ okr G?oth
ftu T[;Bz{ fJj rhs ;[DkfJnk sK p'bh - dcBkJh ikD tk;s/ oZyh w/oh bk;a d/ Biadhe fJj
rhs rkfJnk ikJ/ sK w?I fiT[Idh yVQh j' iktK. e[VhnK ikDdhnK j[zdhnK B/ fe j";bk nciakJh
fet/I eohdh j?. pzd/ Bz{ fJj ;[D e/ y[;ah j'J/ Bk j'J/, T[j nfijk eoe/ g{ok nBzd b?IdhnK
jB. T[;B/ fJe jdkfJs w?Bz{ fJj fdsh - edh dkjVh w[ZSK Bk oZyh feT[Ife s/o/ fujo/ T[go
fJe th beho nfijh BjhI fijVh S[gkJh ikt/. ;G ikDd/ B/ w?I T[;dh fJj rZb BjhI wzBh.
T[; e[Vh B/ ;ekNb?Iv d/ fBtk;h Bkb ftnkj eo fbnk s/ E'V/ ;w/I pkd w"s j' rJh. oftzdo
dhnK eftsktK ftu T[j fiT[Idh j?.
;kb 1878 ftu Gok Bkb T[j fJzrb?Iv ftu bzvB g[Zik fi; d/ gfjb/ gqGkt pkps yas ftu
fbfynk, @@nfijk wBj{; ;afjo w?I gfjbK BjhI d/fynk ;h. X{J/I Xz[d ftu fbgfNnk ;?bkfpnk
HHHHjVpVh ftu Gi/ iKd/ fJe d{i/ dk w'Yk fSbd/ j'J/ b'eHHHfJE/ feskpK dh d[ekB sK fes/ d{o
d[okv/ jh fd;dh j?, ft;eh dk m/ek ;Ve dh jo/e B[Zeo s/ j?.
@@e[VhnK fgnkB' tiKdhnK jB, rkT[IdhnK jB. nZr B/V/ p?mhnK ofjzdhnK jB. wfjwkBk dk
wB'oziB eodhnK B/ s/ nkgDh y[;ah tk;s/ u[jb eo b?IdhnK jB. fJE'I d/ b'eK dk fynkb j?
fe id'I sZe w?I bzdB BjhI nkfJnk ;h, w?Bz{ gsk BjhI ;h ;fGnsk eh j[zdh j?. fJe GkJh B/
w?Bz{ pVh rzGhosk Bkb dZf;nk fe e?wok fe; fuVh dk Bkw j[zdk j?. fJe w?vw B/ w?Bz{ g[ZfSnk
-- fJ; s'I gfjbK sz{ edh fgnkB' d/fynk ;h< ;t/o S/ ti/ T[m e/ w?I mzY/ gkDh Bkb BjkT[Idk
jK, fi; fe;/ Bz{ fJ; pko/ gsk brdk j? pVk j?okB j[zdk j?.
E'Vh d/o pkd T[;B/ fJe r'o/ fw;No pkoeo d/ xo g/fJzr r?;ZN ti'I ofjDk F[o{ ehsk. gsh
gsBh ftu pDdh BjhI ;h. pkoeo r[;/ ftu j[zdk sK gsBh dh EK ngD/ e[Zs/ Bz{ cNekoK
gkT[Idk. ykD d/ w/i s/ fe;/ ykD uhia dh b'V pko/ pkoeo nkydk sK r'oh vKNdh - s[jkBz{
E'Vk fBwo j'Dk gt/rk fw;No. pkoeo nkydk - w?I nkgD/ tke Bkb @gbhia# ;apd bkfJnk sK
;h. r'oh efjzdh - w?Bz{ sK ;[fDnK BjhI fJj bcia. pkoeo nkydk - c/o fJbki eotk ezBk
dk. w/ok fJ; ftu eh e;{o< w?I sK fejk ;h.## p; fJ;/ rZb s/ y{p oZcV fSVdk.
T[;B/ fJj wekB pdb fbnk s/ vkH ;ekN d/ xo ofjDk F[o{ ehsk. fJ; vkeNo dhnK d'
i[nkB XhnK fJ; rZb s/ GZi rJhnK fe xo T[go fJe ekb/ fjzd[;skBh dk epik j'D bZrk
j?. id'I T[BQK Bz{ g{ok :ehB j' frnk fe fJj pb?eh wkoyzvk BjhI j?, sd goshnK.
d';sK fo;as/dkoK ns/ xofdnK Bz{ oth B/ i' ys fby/ T[BQK ftu r'ohnK dh nkiakdh dk toDB
j[zdk. wod ns/ n"os d/ nfXekoK ftu e'Jh coe BjhI. ;r'I pj[sh EK n"os Bz{ tXhe ;BwkB
fwbdk j?. fJj ys gVQ e/ tv/o/ go/;akB j[zd/ fe fJ; i[nkB Bz{ T[E/ fJeZbk SZv s/ ifszdo Bz{
Gkos BjhI nkT[Dk ukjhdk ;h. fJj ftrV ikt/rk. cb;o{g, gfotko dk c?;bk bzdB g[Zi
frnk - ;kBz{ s/oh gVQkJh fbykJh dh e'Jh b'V BjhI HHHH s[os tkg; nk ik.
oth Bz{ ukn uVQ frnk. T[j sK y[d gVQkJh fbykJh s'I Bmdk ;h, fB:fws ftjkoe ftfdnk s'I
Gr"Vk j'e/, T[j fpBk e'Jh ;oNhfce/N jk;b eoB d/ d/; gofsnk, fbfynk - w/o/ d/; dh
o";aBh, w/o/ d/; dk ;kca ykw';a n;wkB w?Bz{ ;Zd oj/ jB.
T[; dk BkN ekft N[ZNk fdb Sfgnk sK y{p uouk j'Jh. wjhB GktK, ;{yw X[BK s'I fJbktk fJ;
ftu dko;afBe S[jK th ;B. fJ; d/ ;ko/ gkso fJe d{i/ dk fdb s'VB d/ wkfjo jB. nkyoh
gzeshnK jB - fi; e'b e[M BjhI j[zdk, T[; e'b ;G e[M j[zdk j?. fi;dk e'Jh d';s BjhI,
T[j fe;/ bJh niBph BjhI. id'I w?Bz{ fe;/ t;s{ dh fJZSk jh BjhI, fco th fJj fBok;sk feT[I
j?< fe;/ B/ w/o/ T[go jwbk BjhI ehsk, fco fJj iayw fet/I j'fJnk<
pzrbk ftu fJj BthI fe;w dk ekft gq:'r ;h. fso[gok d/ wjkoki/ B/ nkgDk dhtkB G/i e/
oth Bz{ ;Zdk fdsk fe wjb ftu nke/ nkgDh fJj ouBk ;[DkJ/. ;kfonK B/ fJ;dh Gog{o dkd
51
fdsh. eth B/ fbfynk - j?okBh dh rZb fJj BjhI ;h fe nmkoK ;kb d/ S'eo/ B/ e'Jh uzrh
uhia ;[DkJh, uwseko fJj j'fJnk fe T[E/ w"i{d ;G tv/o/ nmkoK nmkoK ;kb d/ S'eo/ j' rJ/
;B.
fJ; fgS'I sK rhsK dk MoBk c[ZN fgnk. eth pko pko oZp dk F[eo eodk fe bzdB s'I yfjVk
S[fNnk sK rhs gos/. j[D T[;B/ rhs BkN, pkbwhe gqfsGk fbfynk. nkozG ftu b/ye ;{fus
eodk j? fe gVQB dh EK fJj BkNe d/yD:'r j?. w{b nkXko pkbwhe dk rqzE j? go fJ;
ftu w"fbe ebk j?. vke{nK dk ;odko eo"Iu gzSh d/ f;aeko s'I BjhI fJe i[nkB e[Vh dhnK
uheK s'I dqfts j[zdk j? fi;Bz{ pzdh pDk e/ wzdo tb pbh d/D tk;s/ fbikfJnk ik fojk j? sK
fe d/th y[;a j't/.
edh edkJh T[;dhnK gzeshnK dh T[dk;h fJ; soQK th gqrN j[zdh, @@d{;o/ Bz{ nkgD/ fgnko ftu
ftzBQD dk fJokdk eodk jK sK d/ydk jK y[d ftzfBQnk frnk jK, d{;ok w[es j?. d[BhnK Go d/
yiakB/ fJeZm/ eoe/ w?I nkgD/ bJh fJe e?d fsnko ehsh. p/nzs ykj;aK Bkb w?I ngDh fe;ash
J/Bh Go bJh fe j[D v[pD jh tkbh j?.##
fJe gZso ftu fbfynk, @@w?I ;[zdosk ;ak;so T[go nzro/iah dh feskp gVQdk gVQdk EZe frnk.
feskp w/ia s/ gNeh ns/ w'wpZsh p[Mk e/ b/N frnk. BhId BK nkJh. fyVeh d/ o;s/ pkjo
fyVh ukBDh nzdo bzx nkJh s/ fMbfwbk T[mh. pkjo d/fynk nkek;a fyfVnk fgnk ;h. w?Bz{
j?okBh j'Jh fe nkdwh dh pDkJh j'Jh S'Nh fijh w'wpZsh fet/I nkokw Bkb e[dos dh y{p;{osh
Bz{ go/ XZe fdzdh j?.##
d{ih tko eth id'I bzdB gVQB tk;s/ frnk T[d'I T[; dk fJe p/Nk S/ ;kb dk s/ Xh uko ;kb
dh ;h. ;kok gfotko, B"eo ukeo, gsBh, ;G d/ ;G T[; dh fsnkoh ftu wrB ;B. e'Jh
fJe uhia fbnk fojk j? sK e'Jh d{ih. iao{oh jdkfJsK fdshnK ik ojhnK jB. id'I d' NozeK
;w/s T[j ikD tk;s/ fBebD brdk j? sK eth dh Xh dotki/ ftu yb' e/ nkydh j? - gkgk
w?I s[jkBz{ ikD BhI d/Dk. eth nkydk j? - w?I s/o/ bJh ;[jDhnK ;[rksK G/idk ojKrk, nkT[D
t/b/ pj[s ;[rksK Bkb th b? e/ nktKrk. Xh nkydh j? - w?Bz{ ukjhdhnK Jh Bh ;[rksK id'I.
w?I s[jkBz{ ikD Bh d/Dk.
e[Vh Bz{ fJj efje/, fe mhe j? BjhI iKdk, Nkfbnk frnk. pjkB/ Bkb fe;/ gk;/ b? rJ/ sK
T[j N?e;h ftu p?m e/ ik ;fenk. ;koh T[wo T[;Bz{ fJj xNBk BjhI G[bdh, fbydk j? - ;kok
xo w?Bz{ s'o fojk ;h. gfotko d/ e/tb fJe w?Ipo B/ w?Bz{ nkfrnk BjhI fdsh ;h.
fJj gzeshnK gVQfdnK w?Bz{ r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk ;apd :kd nkfJnk -
BdhnK j'tfj X/DtK ;[zw j'tfj d[X xhT[.
;rbh Xosh ;eo j't? y[;h eo/ fBs ihT[.
gops ;[fJBk o[gk j't? jho/ bkb iVkT[.
Gh s{j? ;kbkjDk nkyD bj? B ukT[. (wkM wH1, 141H)
(rktK BdhnK pD ikD. u;aw/ d[X fxT[ d/ j' ikD. ;koh Xosh ;aZeo j' ikt/, b'e ;dk y[a;a
j'D. jho/ bkb iV/ j'J/ uKdh ;'B/ d/ gjkV j'D, sK th w?I sK s/ohnK f;csK eoKrk wkbe,
EZeKrk Jh Bh. s/ohnK uhiK w/ok fXnkB BjhI fyu ;edhnK fgsk.)
wjKGkos dh g[okD eEk ftu'I fJe xNBk u[D e/ eth B/ fusqKrdk Bkw dk rhs BkN fbfynk
i' pVk wep{b j'fJnk. d?IsK d/ nkukohnk F[eo nwokgd dk G/d ikDd/ ;B s/ fJZSk nB[;ko
w[od/ Bz{ fiT[Idk eoB d/ ;woZE ;B. d/tK dh fJZSk ;h fe T[BQK Bz{ th fJj frnkB gqkgs j't/.
T[BQK B/ nkgD/ nkukohnk pqfj;gs d/ ;[jD/ ns/ i[nkB p/N/ eZu Bz{ fJ; we;d bJh u[D e/
F[eo gk; G/fink. F[eo T[;Bz{ ftfdnkoEh ti'I ;theko eoB Bz{ fsnko BjhI ;h. fJj F[eo dh
Xh d/ftnkBh dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ;zGt j'fJnk. F[eo gk; ike/ T[;B/ ftfdnk jk;b eoBh F[o{
ehsh. d/ftnkBh eZu Bz{ fgnko eoB bZr gJh. id'I T[j nwo j'D$eoB dh ftfdnk gqkgs
eoe/ ikD bZrk sK d/ftnkBh B/ fejk-
@@nkyo sz{ T[j ftfdnk jk;b eo bJh fi;dh s?Bz{ fJZSk ;h. fi; frnkB dh gqkgsh tk;s/
d/ts/ p/u?B jB, j[D s/o/ gk; j?. go fJj dZ;, f;tk ftdkfJrh wzrD s'I s/o/ e'b j'o e[M
BjhI< e'Jh nfdy ezvk s/o/ fdb ftu u[Gdk BjhI<
@@BjhI d/ftnkBh, nfijh sK e'Jh rZb BjhI.##
52
@@sd sz{ fJ; f;q;aNh dk ;G s'I tXhe ;[yh pzdk j?I. ikj, ;[orb'e ftu ike/ ngDh fiZs d/
Brko/ tik, d/ts/ ;zyK s/ c[ZbK Bkb s/ok ;[nkrs eoB fjs ekjb/ jB. j/ pqkjwD, ;Zu dZ;,
fJ; p/o; Xosh Bz{ fe;/ B/ s/o/ tk;s/ wzrbwJh BjhI ehsk ;h<##
eZu B/ fejk, @@gSskt/ Bkb BjhI, d/ftnkBh, y[;ah Bkb w?Bz{ G/i.##
@@y[;ah< fJj s/ok ;[orb'e BjhI j? ;y/. fJ; Xosh T[go y[;ah J/Bh ;;sh fwbdh BjhI fes/.
fJE/ sK fjod/-ewb ftu t;D tkbk ehVk c[Zb Bz{ yk iKdk j?. fJE/ sK f;wosh fuzsk ftu
v[ph ofjzdh j? s/ nkyo w[oMk e/ gZs/ tKr MV iKdh j?. mhe j?, ikj. ehwsh ;wK popkd
feT[I eoBk j'fJnk<
d't/I nkg' nkgDhnK skesto dbhbK fdzd/ jB. eZu fiazw/tkoh fBGkT[D dk gkpzd j? s/ d/ftnkBh
fgnko fBGkT[D dh. T[j nkydh j? - @@d[;awD d/ g[Zso Bz{ ftfdnk fdtkJh w?I nkgD/ fgsk gk;'I,
i' fe n;zGt ;h.##
@@w?I s/ok F[eor[iako jK. s/ok nfj;kB oj/rk w/o/ T[go d/ftnkBh. w?Bz{ fywk eo d/j
d/ftnkBh.##
@@fywk< fywK fe; bJh pqkjwD g[Zso< sz{ nkgD/ n?;a' fJ;aos Bkb Go/ ;[or ftu ubk ikJ/Irk
s/ w/o/ bJh pu/rk izrb dk T[ikVk. :KdK ;" ;" ;{bK pD e/ w/o/ T[go jZbk eoBrhnK s/
fJe gftso bki w?Bz{ s'V s'V e/ ykJ/rh. bki sK s?Bz{ th nkDh ukjhdh ;h pqkjwD feT[Ife
X[Zg dh nZr ftu w?I SK pD rJh ;h s/o/ tk;s/, g{oB prhuh j' rJh ;K w?I s/o/ nkb/ d[nkb/.
fJ; prhuh d/ ;ko/ c[Zb s'V e/ sz{ cNkcN fJe wkbk th go' bJh s/ c/o MNe/ Bkb wkbk dk
Xkrk s'Ve/ c[Zb o/s ftu ;[Ne/ efj fojk j?I - w?I ikBk, w?Bz{ fywk eo.
@@mhe j? ;y/. ikj j[D. s?Bz{ fJe ;okg bZr/rk. w/oh ;jkfJsk Bkb sz{ ftfdnk gqkgs ehsh.
w/ok fsq;eko eoe/ ikD bZrk j?I sK Bshik fJj j'J/rk fe sz{ fJ; frnkB dk Gko sK Y'J/Irk,
fJ; dh tos'I BjhI eo ;e/Irk.nzfwqs eh j[zdk j?, fJ; pkps s/o/ e'b bzw/ Gk;aD j'fJnk eoBr/
go T[j Gk;aD w[od/ ftu ikB BjhI gk ;eDr/. j[D ikj.##
1898 ftu nkiakdh dk nzd'bB Gfynk sK ;oeko B/ okiXq'j n?eN gk; eo fdsk fi; ftu
pkrhnK bJh ;ys ;iaktK ;B. b'e wkBhnk fsbe B/ fJ; fybkc nktkia T[mkJh sK fsbe Bz{
frqcsko eo fbnk frnk. eth B/ fsbe d/ jZe ftu eqKsho'X BK dk bzwk b/y Skfgnk fi;
ftu ;oekoh dwB dh ;yas nkb'uBk ehsh s/ fsbe d/ jZe ftu dkB fJeZmk eoBk F[o{ ehsk.
J/B/ Bz{ ebeZs/ ftu gb/r c?b rJh. f;;No fBt/fdsk dh ;jkfJsk eofdnK XB th fJeZmk
ehsk s/ wohiK dh ;zGkb bJh th i[N rJ/.
p'X ;kyh T[go eftsk fbyh. p[ZX dk f;Zy T[gr[gs wEok ;afjo dh ukodhtkoh s'I pkjo iawhB
T[go ;[Zsk fgnk ;h fe T[; dh tZyh ftu ;ZN tZih. oki Boseh tk;pZsk nkgD/ gq/wh Bz{ fwbD
oks Bz{ fBebh ;h fe jB/o/ ekoB fGy{ d/ m'jeo ti rJh. d/fynk, fJj sK i[nkB s/ ;[jDk
T[gr[gs ;h. Boseh B/ fejk - U ftdtkB s/ ;[jD/ fGZy{, fJj em'o iawhB s/o/ b/ND bJh
BjhI. sz{ edh w/oh jt/bh nkJhI, s?Bz{ dZ;Krh ;[y nkokw eh j[zd/ B/.
fGy{ B/ fejk - id'I s/o/ e'b nkT[D dk tes nkfJnk w?I nktKrk Boseh. jkb/, sz{ fiE/ ik
ojh j?I, T[E/ ikj. T[j ubh rJh.
;wK phsdk frnk. x[zwdk x[wKdk ;kbK pkd fGy{ c/o wEok ;afjo bkfrUI bzfxnk sK d/fynk,
fJe fpwkoh rq;s bkuko n"os fJeZbh, iawhB T[go b/Nh sVg ojh j?. B/V/ frnk sK gSkDh,
fJj sK T[jh Boseh j?. u/ue j'D T[gozs b'e T[; Bz{ pkjo ;[ZN rJ/ fe fe;/ j'o Bz{ S{s
o'r Bk bk dJ/. fGy{ B/ fpwko n"os dk f;o nkgDh r'd ftu oZfynk, gkDh fgbkfJnk, T[;d/
c'fVnK Bkb Go/ fi;w T[go dtkJhnK dk b/g ehsk, szdo[;s j'D tk;s/ GiB gVQ/. fpwko
fJ;soh B/ j';a nkT[D s/ g[ZfSnk - feogk fBXkB, e"D j' s[;hI<
@@fGy{ T[gr[gs jK Boseh. tkdk ehsk ;h Bk fe nktKrk< tkndk fBGkT[D nk frnk d/y.##
T[ZBhthI ;dh phsD s/ fJe bzwh eftsk, ;askpdh dh ;zfXnK fbyh. fJ; ftu do;kfJnk j? fe
:{og ftub/ d/;K dh nkg;h Bcos dh nZr pbD bZrh j? fi; ftu ;z;ko ib ikJ/rk. @@fJ;
;askpdh dk nzsw ;{oi gZSw d/ y{Bh pZdbK ns/ fxoDk ftueko T[bMdk j'fJnk v[fpnk j?.##
d' g[Zso s/ fszB XhnK T[;dk gfotko ;h. nkgD/ pZfunK Bz{ y[d gVQkfJnk eod/ ;B.
fJeKstk; bJh nkgD/ g[;as?Bh ckow jkT{; f;nkbdk ftu ub/ rJ/. T[;Bz{ nzro/iaK tb'I F[o{
53
ehsh soehp nB[;ko ftfdnk d/Dh wB}{o BjhI ;h. pugB ftu i' i' e[M p[ok bZrk, SZv
fdsk. T[;Bz{ we?Beh gqeko dh ftfdnk d/Dh jw/;a p[oh bZrh. T[j ukj[zdk ;h g[oksB Gkosh
wjKfo;ahnK tkbk izrbh sg'tD j't/, fiE/ e[dos ns/ nfXnkge, d't/I ftfdnk dh pko;a eoB.
fJ; wB'oE dh g{osh tk;s/ T[;B/ 22 d;zpo 1901 Bz{ ;aKsh fBe/sB dh ;EkgBk gzi ftfdnkoEh
dkyb eoe/ ehsh. fJBQK gzi gfjb/ ftfdnkoEhnK ftu fJe T[;dk i/mk g[Zso, fszB Gkosh
Jh;kJh ;B s/ fJe nzro/ia. fJj T[j nzro/ia ;h i' eth d/ pfunK Bz{ nzrq/iah gVQkT[D xo
nkfJnk eodk ;h. eth B/ fbfynk - @@w?I ngD/ ;e{bhJ/ fdBK Bz{ G[b BjhI ;edk. pZfunK Bz{
w{oshnK tKr eskoK ftu ;ik e/ ;kv/ T[go gkmK d/ r'b/ po;kJ/ iKd/. fpbe[b fJ; soQK fit/I
prhuh T[go rV/wko j't/.## ;aKsh fBe/sB okjhI eth dk pugB ftu d/fynk ;[cBk ;keko
j'fJnk. eth pzrbk ftu gVQkT[Dk ukj[zdk ;h go pzrbk ftu gkm g'EhnK BjhI ;B. pj[shnK
nkg fbyhnK, e[M j'oK s'I fbytkJhnK. doysK j/m ebk;K brdhnK. ;ys fwjBs eofdnK
j'fJnK ftu'I osk ftjb fwbdh sK rkT[D br iKd/.
23 Btzpo 1902 Bz{ gsBh fwqDkbBh dk d/jKs j' frnk. T[; B/ thj ;kb eth dh ;/tk ehsh.
Bk ehwsh eZgVk gfjBdh, Bk rfjD/ rZN/. ftnkj tes T[j gVQh fbyh BjhI ;h. eth B/ jh
gVQBk fbyDk f;ykfJnk. J/Bh fwjBsh fBebh fe w{b ;z;feqs okwkfJD dk pzrbk ftu ;zy/g
nB[tkd eo fdsk. T[;B/ nzro/iah gVQBh s/ ;wMDh f;y bJh ;h. gsh d/ BkNeK ftu ndkekoh
eodh. d' wjhB/ id'I wzi/ s/ gJh ojh, eth B/ B"eoK Bo;K dh pikfJ nkg fdB oks ;/tk
ehsh.rhs fbfynk -
@@d[y dh ;/i T[go w/oh oks phsh
w/ohnK nZyK Ew e/ j[D ;[Ze rJhnK jB
T[;dh oks Bz{ gqGks gqkgs j' rJh j?
s/ sz{ fgsk T[;Bz{ nkgDhnK pkjK ftu ;zGkb fbnk
w?I s/ok F[eokBk eodk jK
s/ T[j ;[rksK fijVhnK T[;Bz{ fdshnK, tkg; G/idK.
w/ok xo S'Nk j?, i' fJe tko iKdk j? gosdk BjhI
go wkbe s/oh feogk sK nBzs j? Bk
T[; Bz{ bGdk bGdk w?I s/o/ dotki/ g[Zi frnk jK.
gsBh dh w"s s'I e[M wjhB/ fgS'I T[;dh Xh o/D[ek fpwko j' rJh. wK pr?o ;ko/ pZu/ Udo
rJ/. eth T[BQK Bz{ fdbk;k d/D tk;s/ ngD/ fdb T[go ekp{ gk e/ oydk. pZfunK dhnK fiZdK
g{ohnK eodk. T[BQK Bkb rZbK eodk ofjzdk. fJBQK fdBK ftu T[;B/ i' rhs, eftsktK fbyhnK
T[BQK dk Bkw fFF{ (pZuk) j?. fJj S'Nk fijk ekft ;zrqfj nzro/iah ftu d efo;?IN w{B Bkw j/m
Sfgnk sK gqf;X u?eZ ftdtkB gq'c?;o b?;Bh B/ fbfynk, @@pfunK pkps fbyhnK rJhnK fJjBK
eftsktK dk ;z;ko ;kfjs ftu ftbZyD EK j?. pugB ftu ;[or t;dk j?, eftsk d/ e[M p'b
jB -
w'shnK dh sbk;a ftu r'sky'o v[peh bkT[Idk j?.
tgko eoB tk;s/ tgkoh ;w[zdo ftu p/V/ m/bQd/ jB.
pZu/ ezeo u[D u[D ;[Nd/ ofjzd/ jB.
nBzs ft;at d/ ;kro sNK T[go
pZfunK dh wjK;Gk fpokiwkB j?.
o/D[ek fJ; ;z;ko ftu'I ftdk j' rJh.gsh th ;z;ko fsnkr rJ/. wjkswk rKXh nkiakdh nzd'bB
Bz{ gquzv eo oj/ ;B go fJ;d/ T[bN oftzdoBkE B/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ fJeKstk;h eo fbnk. fJ;
rZb dh pVh nb'uBk j'Jh go eth B/ fejk - fijVk ezw eoB d/ w?I :'r BjhI, T[j feT[I
eoK< w?I J/; soQK dk iiapksh pzdk BjhI jK.
nkgD/ rhsK ftu eth pj[s tko nkgD/ nkg Bz{ oZp dh fGykoB wzBdk j'fJnk fbydk j? - w/o/
Biadhe dh oki e[wko bzfxnk s/ w?E'I Ghy wzrh. w?I T[; Bz{ eh d/ ;edh ;K< w/o/ gk; sKp/ dk
fJe f;ek ;h i' w?I oki e[wko Bz{ d/ fdsk. tkg; M"gVh ftu ike/ d/fynk sK sKp/ dk f;ek
54
fi; i/p'I eZfYnk ;h, T[E/ ;'B/ dh w[jo gJh fwbh. c/o w?I pVh gSskJh fe w?I nkgDk ;kok
nkgk oki e[wko Bz{ feT[I BK ;"Ig fdsk<
Btzpo 1913 Bz{ T[j r'o/ fwZso Bkb ;?o eod/ ;aKsh fBe/sB tb ik oj/ ;B sK o;s/ ftu
vkeykBk g?Idk ;h. N?r'o Bz{ d/ye/ vkehnk d"fVnk nkfJnk s/ jZE ftu sko cVk fdsh. eth B/
sko i/p ftu gk bJh. E'VQh d/o pkd r'o/ B/ fejk - d/y' sK sko ftu eh fbfynk j?< eth B/
fejk - xo gZ[i e/ d/y btKr/. r'ok p'fbnk - fi; sohe/ vkehnk sko cVkT[D nkfJnk, w?Bz{
brd? e'Jh yk; ;[B/jk j?. gVQ'. d't/I iD/ o[e rJ/. N?r'o B/ sko y'bQ e/ gVQh. ;ft; nekdwh
dk ;[B/jk ;h - s[jkBz{ B'pb gqkJhia bJh u[fDnk frnk j?. tXkJh j't/.
;aKshfBe/sB ftu T[s;akjh gq;za;eK dk jVQ nk frnk. jiakoK n"osK wod jko b? b? e/ nk oj/
;B. gqkfJwoh ;e{b d/ pZu/ Bu oj/ ;B, rk oj/ ;B. nfij/ w"e/ gq;za;eK dk XzBtkd eofdnK
N?r'o B/ fejk - fJj eh j' foj?< pZu/ i' BjhI ikDd/ B'pb gqkJhia fe; fuVh dk Bkw j?, BZu
oj/ jB. fiBQK B/ w/oh fJe ;so edh BjhI gVQh, T[j th tXkJh s/ tXkJh d/ oj/ jB. fJj
fJe soQK dh p[Zsg{ik j?. p[Zss'V w[;bwkB th fJ; fpwkoh s'I BjhI pu ;e/ - s[jkBz{ p[Zs g{i
fjzd{nK Bz{ sK pj[sk jh ;ktXkB ofjDk gt/rk. w/oh BjhI, fJj w?Bz{ fds/ fJBkw dh fJiZs j'
ojh j?.
id'I 1914 ftu N?r'o Bz{ B'pb fJBkw fwb u[ek ;h sd th ;e{bK d/ nfXnkge ;wMd/ ;B fe
T[;Bz{ pzrbk fbyDh BjhI nkT[Idh. d;thI d/ fJwfsjkBK ftu N?r'o dh fbys dk g?ok d/e/
fbfynk j[zdk ;h - fJ; gq;zr Bz{ F[ZX pzrbk ftu fby'. b'e nkgD/ pZfunK Bz{ T[;d/ ;e{b ftu
Bk G/id/ s/ gouko eod/ fe d{i/ th Bk G/iD. T[; Bz{ ;oeko dk ;{jhnk th fejk frnk.
fJBQK fdBK ftu T[;dk BkNe vkexo nkfJfo;a ozreowhnK B/ ;cabsk Bkb bzdB ftu y/fvnk
s/ fJ; fgS'I iowB Gk;ak ftu nB[tkd eoe/ iowBh ftu y/fvnk frnk. ftbhnw phH :/N; ns/
;hHn?cH n?fvqT{ia B/ fJBQK BkNeK dh Gog{o ;okjBk ehsh.
@@;Zu gqkgs eoB tk;s/ nkgDhnK ;aosK fwEhJ/ fe ;Zu dhnK ;aosK wzBhJ/< :kdK fJfsjk; BjhI
pDdhnK. :kdK ns/ fJfsjk; ;wkBzso ubd/ jB, c/o th d't/I fGzB fGzB jB.##
bzdB ftu ngDh Gshih fJzdok Bz{ fbfynk, @@rhsKibh d/ nzro/iah nB[tkd ftu w?I s/ok fiaeo
ehsk j?. w?Bz{ j[D se gsk BjhI bZfrnk b'eK B/ fJ;Bz{ J/Bk g;zd feT[I eo fbnk. ;G Bz{ gsk
j? w?I nzro/iah BjhI fby ;edk. fJ; ewi'oh ekoB w?Bz{ ;aofwzdrh th edh BjhI j'Jh. e'Jh
pzdk ekria T[go nzro/iah ftu fby e/ w?Bz{ ukj ghD dk ;Zdk G/i/. w?Bz{ fJj th gsk BjhI fe
fJ; dk itkp fet/I fdnK. nzro/iah ftu fbyD bZfrnK w?Bz{ nfj;k; j'fJnk fe w?I fe;/ Gow
dk f;aeko j' frnk jK.
ngD/ g[Zso ofEzdoBkE ns/ Bz{j gqfsGk ;w/s bzdB bJh otkBk j'J/. nzro/ia fusoeko ftbhnw
o'fiaB;NkJhB B/ T[BQK dh ebk pkps :'og Bz{ ikD{ eotkfJnk. o'fiaB;NkJhB, ;aKshfBe/sB nke/
eth gk; fojk eodk s/ eftsktK ;[Ddk. rhsKibh dk nzro/iah nB[tkd N?r'o B/ T[;d/ ;g[od
ehsk. o'fiaB;NkJhB B/ fbfynk - @@;akw sZe w?I ;koh feskp gVQ bJh. w?I ;'funk - fJj tZyoh
fe;w dhnK Biawk jB - wjkB ojZ;tkdhnK dhnK fij' fijhnK owig{oB rZbK j'fJnk eodhnK
jB, fpbe[b T[; soK dhnK. w?I fJj ekft ;zrqfj n?IfvqU{ia p?qvb/ Bz{ gVQB bJh fdsk i' w/o/
Bkb ;fjws j[zfdnK efjD bZrk - brdk j? ;kv/ ftueko e'Jh wjKeth w"i{d j?. w?I fJe ys
:/N; Bz{ fbfynk, T[;B/ itkp BjhI fdsk, c/o d{ik ys fbfynk sK w?Bz{ eftsktK G/iD bJh
fejk. eftsktK gVQe/ T[j th w/o/ tKr nBzd ftG'o j' frnk. T[j bzdB nkfJnk s/ pVh ;aKsh
Bkb d[pkok gkm ehsk. fes/ fes/ ;[Mkn io{o fds/ go w{bgkm Bz{ BjhI S/fVnk. T[;B/ rhsKibh
dh G{fwek ftu fbfynk, @@nB[tkds Biawk dk yoVk jZE ftu cVh w?I o/bt/ Nq/Bk, p;K ns/
j'NbK ftu p?mk gVQdk fJ; soQK r[zw j' iKdk fe w?Bz{ d/ye/ niBph j?okB j' iKd/.## fJE/ jh
N?r'o ;hHn?cH n?IfvqT{ia Bz{ fwfbnk.n?IfvqT{i pVk B/e fBogZy gkdoh ;h fi;B/ BBekDk ;kfjp s/
i?s' d/ w'ou/ ftu ;aKs nekbhnK Bz{ r'fonK jZE'I vKrK r'bhnK yKd/ d/ye/ fejk ;h, @@;?IeV/ :;{
w;hj nkgDhnK nZyK Bkb w?I wko yKd/ d/y/.##
n?iaok gkT{Iv, fi;Bz{ d/o pkd B'pb fJBkw fwfbnk ;h, B/ fbfynk, @@fJe wjhBk gfjbK w?I
:/N; d/ ewo/ ftu frnk ;K. w?I d/fynk :/N; fe;/ wjKeth d/ nkrwB ;dek nkBzfds jB,
nfijk eth fi; tork ;kv/ ftu e'Jh BjhI, ;wekbhnK ftu T[j Fq'wDh j?. w?Bz{ gsk BjhI
brdk w?I rZb fet/I F[o{ eoK - w?Bz{ brd? fit/I ;kBz{ BtK :{BkB fwb frnk j?. :'og d/
55
g[BoikrqD d/ d"o tork wkj"b pD frnk j?. we?Beh ;z;ko ftu fJ; soQK dh ;aKsh dk fwb
ikDk ewkb j?. ekft fe;/ s{ckB iK nriaBh d/ wkj"b ftu'I g?dk BjhI j'fJnk. fJj nBzs
;fji dk ;[zdo gqrNktk j?. nkX[fBe gZSwh T[j Yzr fJBQK ftu BjhI fi; BkNeh Yzr okjhI
;kps ehsk iKdk j? fe nkdwh B/ e[dos T[go cfsj jk;b eo bJh j?. fJj T[; gqkuhB
:{BkB torK ekft th BjhI fiE/ nkdwh d/tfsnK d/ jZEK ftu wfji fyv"Dk j?. id'I @N?r'o Bkb
rZbK eoe/ w?I tkg; gofsnk, w?Bz{ brdk ;h, n;hI ni/ th T[jh pDwkD; jK fiBQk B/ gF{ dh
yZb bZe d[nkb/ bg/Nh j'Jh j? s/ jZE ftu gZEo u[eh woB wkoB Bz{ fsnko yV/ jK. fJe d/
pjkB/ ukbh j'o t;sK gqkgs eoB tk;s/ :'og wjKBroK d/ F'o ftu tV frnk j?. nkdwh
fJ;afsjkopkiah d/ Gow ftu T[bM frnk j?. N?r'o dk ekft nZi dh BthI nzihb j?. e[M b'e
efj ;ed/ jB fe fJj BiawK fJ; bJh uzrhnK BjhI feT[Ife fJj Xow d/ ozr ftu ozrhnK
j'JhnK jB go w?Bz{ brd? dKs/ dh pzdrh fpbe[b fJj' fijh ;h.##
@@sz{ T[j b'e w/o/ whs pDkJ/ i' niBph ;B.
w?Bz{ T[BQK xoK ftu ;BwkB fwfbnk i' w/o/ BjhI ;B.##
`o'iaB;NkJhB B/ fbfynk, @@Gkos ftu rbs rZb c?bkJh ik ojh j? fe rhsKibh dh nzro/iah
feT[Ife :/N; B/ mhe eo fdsh fJ; bJh fJj wFj{o j' rJh. fJj ;ok;o petk; j?. w/o/
e'b N?r'o dh w{b fbys th gJh j? s/ T[j yoVk th fiE/ :/N; B/ ;bkjK fdshnK. :/N;
dhnK oktK BjhI wzBhnK rJhnK, n;hI N?r'o dk w{b gkm Skfgnk j?. FZe j't/ sK w/o/ e'b d/y
bt'.
rhsKibh dk ohthT{ eofdnK NkJhwia fbNo/oh ;gbhw?IN B/ fbfynk, @@fJj Biawk fe;/ niBph
dh fbys BjhI ikgdhnK. fJT[I brd? fit/I fJj ekft d/ nkfd eEB j'D, i' fJE/ fJzrb?Iv ftu
th fbyhnK ik ;edhnK j'D, i/ fes/ ;kv/ eth GktBktK ns/ ftukoK dk ;ws'b oZy ;ed/, T[j
fby ;ed/ ;B fJ; soQK. go n;hI Xow ns/ do;aB d't/I m[eok fds/ jB. Bshik fJj j'fJnk
fe m'jeoK ykXhnK. e[M nkb'ue efjDr/ - fJj ftd/;ah do;aB j?, ;kvk BjhI. w?I g[Sdk jK -
s[jkvk do;aB j? feE/< s[;hI g{oh soQK T[bM/ fcod/ j'. ;kv/ ethnK e'b efjD tk;s/ j? eh<
e[M r'o/ nkb'ueK B/ fJj th ;a/yh wkoh fe nzro/iaK B/ Gkos Bz{ ijkbs ftu'I pkjo eZYD dk
i' c?;bk fbnk ;h, N?r'o T[;/ dk Bshik j?. nwohek ftu fJe r'o/ B/ Gk;aD ftu id'I fJj
fejk fe N?r'o fijk eth ;dhnK pkd g?dk j[zdk j? sK T[E/ w"i{d e[M pzrkbh gqrshtkdh i[nkBk
B/ T[uh T[uh fejk - petk;. N?r'o s'I gfjbK th s/ j[D th T[; s'I tXhnk eth ;kv/ e'b
w"i{d jB. BthB ;/B ns/ dfizdo bkb okfJ N?r'o s'I tZv/ jB. N?r'o e'b j? eh< T[;B/ g[okD/
t?;aBt GrsK dh Beb wkoh j? s/ T[;dk do;aB T[gfB;adK dk do;aB j?.
N?r'o nwohek ftu frnk. T[; Bz{ EK EK s'I ;Zd/ fwbD bZr/. p;zs e[wko okfJ B/ fejk -
fizBh ibdh ;zGt j' ;e/ nkgDh ;koh ouBk dk nzro/iah nB[tkd Skg'. s[jkBz{ B'pb gqkJhia fwb
;edk j?. Gkos sK eh, J/;ahnk ftu jkb sZe fe;/ Bz{ fJj ;BwkB BjhI fwfbnk. N?r'o B/
g[ZfSnk - eh fe;/ J/;ahnB Bz{ J/; ekpb ;wfMnk ik ;ed?<##
T[;B/ f;aekr' ns/ fBT{:koe dhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK ftu Gk;aD fds/. T[; dh gqf;Xh d[BhnK ftu
fJzBh c?bh fe ;?IeV/ wod n"osK J/; eoe/ tkg; gos iKd/ feT[Ife jkb ftu yb'D i'rh EK
th Bk j[zdh. fJE' tkg; fJzrb?Iv nkJ/ sK r'o/ T[BQK Bz{ ikD u[e/ ;B. EK EK Gk;aD j'J/. d
rkovBo, d feq;?IN w{B ns/ BkNe fusok, nzro/iah ftu Sg e/ gkmeK d/ jZEK ftu g[Zi/.
gzithI ftu gVQdh e[Vh B/ g[ZfSnk - s[;hI eftsk fet/ fby b?Id/ j'<
N?r'o B/ fejk - s/ok Bkw eh j? < e[Vh B/ dZf;nk - Sft. N?r'o B/ pzd xfVnk.
s'wko Bkw Sft, nkwko Bkw oft, p'B/ r?b' eftsk, y[;ah j'b' eft.
(s/ok Bkw Sft, w/ok Bkw oft, pD rJh eftsk, y[;a j'fJnk eft.)
Jh;kJh nypko p?gfN;N NkJhwia B/ fbfynk - Jh;kJh nB[GtK d/ gqSkt/I fjzd{ wkBf;esk ftu
;kca fdZ; oj/ jB. p/;poh Bkb n;hI fi; wB[Zy dh T[vhe eo oj/ ;K T[j nk frnk j?.
e[dos B/ fJj nkdwh fJ; bJh G/fink j? sK fe
gqG{-oE d/ nkT[D s'I gfjbK fJj T[;dk o;sk ;ztko ;e/.
56
go f;bf;b/tko i' e[M fJBkw gqfeqnk d"okB j'fJnk T[j fJj ;h. ;G s'I gfjbK o;wh wsk
nzro/iah eth ;Noia w{o B/ B'pb nekdwh d/ ;eZso Bz{ nekdwh w?Ipo dh j?;hns ftu fby e/
G/fink. fbfynk - wkB:'r ;eZso, :{BkJhfNv fezrvw dh okfJb ;';kfJNh dk w?Ipo j'D dh
j?;hns ftu w?Bz{ fJ; rZb dk wkD j? fe oftzdo BkE N?r'o Bkw d/ fJe :'r ftnesh dh w?I
f;ckfo;a eofdnK ;wMdk jK fe w/o/ fynkb nB[;ko fJ; Bz{ ;kfjs d/ B'pb fJBkw Bkb
;BwkfBs ehsk ik ;edk j?. ;jh$- NhHn?;H w{o.
toBo tkB jkJhdB;N/w B/ fJ; dh gq'VQsk ehsh. toBo Bz{ fszB ;kb pkd B'pb fJbkw
fwfbnk. ;eZso g/o jkb;Nkow B/ fbfynk- o{jkBh ekft dk u;awk feE/ c[ZN ;edk j? fe;/ Bz{
gsk BjhI. nkgD/ fBZist s'I go/ jNe/ n;hI fJj tvk c?;bk b?D bZr/ jK. fJ; fJBkw Bkb
XBok;ah i'V e/ c/o e[M nzdki/ bkT[D/ s/ c?;b/ b?D/ mhe BjhI. N?r'o ekft fBok Xowyzv j?,
fpbe[b T[;/ soQK fit/I v/ftv d/ pkJhpb ftub/ GiB iK ;zs coKf;; d/ rhs. fJBK ouBktK
;kjwD/ g?;k eh uhia<
fJBkwh ew/Nh ftu r/N/ Bz{ :kd ehsk frnk fi;B/ pqkjwD ezfBnk T[go eftsk fbyh ;h - MoB/
d/ gkDh Bkb w[fNnko xVk Godh j? go id'I T[;dh Biao gkDh s/ g?Idh j?, gkDh gEok iKdk j?
s/ fJ; soQK pko pko j[zdk j?. fJe ew/Nh w?Ipo B/ fejk - r/E/ dh w"s 1832 ftu j' rJh
;h. j[D sZe, eh :'og ftu fJe th T[; tork eth j'fJnk< N?r'o ftu T[; torh ;woZEk
d/y e/ wfj;{; ehsk fit/I w?I fJe Bt/I :[r Bkb Neok frnk j'tK.
nkfJob?Iv d/ fJe r[wBkw e'B/ ftu p?m/ 15 ;kb d/ S'eo/ T[go fJ; dk i' gqGkt fgnk T[j
fJT[I ;h - @@N?r'o Bz{ gVQfdnK w?I d{o nDd/yhnK ftbZyD tkdhnK ftu y' frnk ;K. N?r'o dk
fJj oZp fe; soQK dk j?< ;yk, gq/wek, ewbc[Zb, wS/ok fijVk fJeZbk fe;ash ftu fJeskok cVh
rkT[Idk ik fojk j?, fJE'I s'I b?e/ T[E/ d{o d[w/b sZe. Bdh dh Xko d/ Bkb Bkb. edh fJT[I
brdk j? w?I w"s d/ ;kjwD/ yb'sk jK. fJj o{jkBh :EkoE gZSwh wB ftu gqkuhB ekb dk
ni{pk j?.## fJj ;apd jkbdko b?e;B?;Z d/ jB fi; Bz{ d/o pkd y[d th B'pb fJbkw
fwfbnk.
d/; ftd/; ftu fJe eftsk fijVh pj[s g;zd ehsh rJh T[j fJ; ygsekbh ;z;ko ftu yohd-
t/u Bz{ o{ge pDk e/ fbyh rJh. fJe nkdwh nkgDh fgm T[Zgo vZrh u[Zeh ;[zdo t;sK t/udk
fcodk j?. okik T[; Bz{ XwekT[Idk j? - w?I ;kok ;kwkB ipod;sh y'j ;edk jK. fJe nXyV
pzdk efjzdk j?, fizBk Gko vZrh dk j? T[ZBk ;'Bk b? b?, ;kwkB w?Bz{ d/ d/j. fJe y{p;{os
w[fNnko T[; Bz{ nkgDh w[;ekB ftu c;k e/ ;wkB jk;b eoB dh fJS[Ze j?. c/oh tkbk fe;/
Bz{ e[ZM BjhI fdzdk, T[t/I Gko f;o T[go bZdh s[fonk iKdk j?. fJB/ Bz{ jZE ftZu e"vhnK cVh
fJe fBek pkbe nke/ T[;dh pKj cVe/ efjzdk j? - fJj ;kohnK uhiaK w/ohnK B/. p'M s'I
T[;Bz{ T[d'I okjs fwbdh j? id'I fpBK e[M fbnK T[j ;kok ;kwkB pZu/ ;kjwD/ oZy fdzdk j? s/
pZuk uhiaK Bkb y/vD bZr iKdk j?.
;aKshfBe/sB d/ fJe nfXnkge B/ g[ZfSnk - Jh;ato dk nB[Gt eh s[jkBz{ fBih s"o s/ gqkgs
j'fJnk< eth B/ T[Zso fdsk - fi; xVh nBzd ftG'o nt;Ek ftu rhs T[sod/ jB, T[d'I fJ;
soQK e[ZM j[zdk j? -
w?I BjhI, w/o/ rhsK B/ s/o/ uoB S[j/.
sz{ dfonk d/ gko w?I T[oko.
w?Bz{ fwbDk, sz{ Nkbdk fojk.
%%%
fdb i/ fgnko eoB bJh BjhI pfDnk
sK ;t/o/ nkek;a Bz{ sz{ rhsK Bkb feT[I Go fdzB?<
Xosh c[ZbK Bkb feT[I fyV T[mdh j?<
jtk ftu fwZmh r[Dr[DkjN feT[I s?odh ofjzdh j?<
ezweki dh fiazw/tkoh ftu i/ J/Bk pzBQDk ;h
c/o nBzs nBzd dh po;ks feT[I eodk j[zB? w/o/ f;o T[go<
i/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ ;kV e/ ;[nkj eo fdnK sK uzrk
57
feT[Ife fJ; fgS'I ib woB dk ysok Bk oj/.
wjkswk rKXh Bkb T[BQK dk fgnko jw/;aK ekfJw fojk p/;ae d'tK ftu f;nk;h wZsG/d ;B. ;u
sK fJj j? fe N?r'o Bz{ f;nk;s dk Bk gsk ;h Bk fJ; ftu T[;dh fdbu;gh ojh. T[j fejk
th eodk ;h fe fijVk ezw Bk nkT[Idk j't/, T[; ftu Nzr BjhI c;kT[Dh ukjhdh ;h. rKXh dk
fynkb ;h fe uoy/ dh ftnkge tos'I Bkb ;toki gqkgs j'J/rk feT[Ife uoyk nkdwh Bz{ nksw
fBoGo j'D tZb fJe edw j?. N?r'o Bz{ fejk frnk fe i/ T[j th uoy/ dh tos'I F[o{ eo/ sK
fJ;d/ uzr/ ;ze/s ikDr/. N?r'o B/ rKXh Bz{ fejk - i/ w?I rhs eZsh iktK sK mhe Bk oj/< fJj
ezw w?Bz{ nkT[Idk j?. w?I s[jkBz{ rhs eZsD bJh BjhI efjzdk feT[Ife s[jkBz{ eZsD/ BjhI nkT[Id/.
w?Bz{ Bh uoyk eZsDk n"Idk.
rKXh ih ;aKshfBe/sB nkJ/ N?r'o gk; oj/. d/;h fxT[ ftu pDkJhnK g{ohnK ns/ ;piah
toskJhnK rJhnK. rKXh ih sbhnK uhiK s'I goj/ia eod/ ;B. efjD bZr/ - s[jkBz{ gsk BjhI,
s[;hI fBok iafjo yk oj/ j'. N?r'o B/ fejk - nZXh ;dh s'I fJj iafjo yKdk nk fojk jK,
wfonk BjhI, j[D th e[M Bh j'Dk.
bkov ekowkJheb, pzrkb d/ rtoBo B/ N?r'o Bz{ B'pb fJBkw fdsk ;h. N?r'o B/ T[;Bz{
;aKshfBe/sB nkT[D dk ;Zdk fdZsk. N?r'o B/ pj[s ;akBdko sohe/ Bkb 20 wkou 1914 Bz{ T[;dk
;[nkrs ehsk. d/;aGrsK B/ N?r'o dh pj[s ;ys nkb'uBk ehsh. N?r'o B/ fejk - w?I s[jkv/
d/;aGrsh d/ Gow ns/ nzX-ft;tk; ftu ;akwb BjhI j'tKrk. w?Bz{ s[jkvh e'Jh gotkj BjhI.
fco fbfynk - GkoshU, id'I w?I ejK fe w?Bz{ s[jkvh e'Jh gqtkj BjhI sK w/oh rZb fes/ ;Zu Bk
wzB ikfJT[.
nzro/ia ;oeko B/ id'I@BkJhN# dk fyskp fdsk, d/;a GrsK B/ T[;Bz{ g{ok pdBkw ehsk s/ 1916
dh nwohek c/oh T[;d/ nekdfwe Gk;aD dh bVh ;h go nkb'ueK B/ d';a bkfJnk fe T[;Bz{
Gkos dh pdBkwh eoB dh wB;ak Bkb G/fink frnk j?. fJ;d/ T[bN nzro/iaK Bz{ T[;d/ :[ZX
fto'Xh tfynkB Bkg;zd ;B. T[BQK Bz{ brdk ;h fe fJj iowB ikgkB d/ jZe ftu jB go
nzro/ia fJ; eoe/ u[Zg oj/ fe id'I T[;d/ ngD/ d/;atk;h pdBkwh eoB bZr/ j'J/ jB nkgK fJ;
MziN s'I eh b?Dk. id'I ikD rJ/ fe nzro/iaK Bz{ T[; dh Bhsh g;zd BjhI sK T[j nwohek dh
:ksok nX{oh SZv e/ 1917 ftu igkB ubk frnk.
ikgkB ike/ pj[s ;ko/ Gk;aD fds/. T[;d/ wB T[go jw/;aK skia/ gqGkt T[eo/ iKd/. fbfynk-
ikgkB ftu w?I fizB/ fdB fojk, fe;/ n"os wod iK pZu/ Bz{ r[Dr[DkT[Id/ BjhI d/fynk. fJBQK b'eK
d/ fdb MoB/ tKr BjhI tfjzd/. Mhb tKr ;fEo jB. w?I fJBQK d/ rhs gVQ/ sK d/fynk fe fJj
fuso-rhs jB, rkD-rhs BjhI.
T[;B/ ikgkB pko/ i' fejk, ;z;ko :[ZX B/ T[j fNZgDh GftZypkDh ;kps eo fdykJh - fyv"Dk o/s/
ftu fvr e/ fbZpV frnk j? feT[Ife oZp B/ ;kps eoBk j?, o/sk s/o/ fyv"D/ s'I tXhe wjkB j?.
T[j d/y fojk ;h fe Gkos ftu eJh tko ;ak;soK ekoB ihtB o[e iKdk j?, nfBnK j[zdk j?.
fJ; ft;a/ s/ T[;B/ eJh ejkDhnK fbyhnK fiBQK ftu'I fJe @pzXBw[es# th j?. fJ;dh BkfJek
;[jDh e[Vh wzi[bh j? fi;dk ftnkj j'fJnk go ibdh ftXtk j' rJh. wzi[bh dh wK s'I nkgDh
i[nkB Xh dk d[y ;jkfonk BjhI iKdk s/ fpwkohrq;s j'e/ dw s'V fdzdh j?. T[; dk p[ZYk fgsk
jo tes j[Zek ghIdk ofjzdk j? s/ ;ak;so ftfdnk MkVdk ofjzdk j?. T[;Bz{ fJeZb ;skT[D
brdh j?. p/;ae wzi[bh ngD/ fgsk dh jo/e b'V dk fXnkB oydh j? go T[j fJeZbsk s'I szr
nke/ d{ik ftnkj eotk b?Idk j? feT[Ife nfijk eoBk ;ak;soK nB[;ko T[;dk jZe j?. fJj d/y
e/ wzi[bk rtKYh vkeNo Bkb BZ; iKdh j? fi; Bz{ T[j fdb'I fgnko eodh ;h go wkfgnK dh
woiah s/ c[Zb uVQk e/ fiE/ T[BQK fejk ftnkj bJh wzB rJh ;h. fgsk T[;Bz{ ;okg fdzdk j?
feT[Ife n"os dk d[pkok ftnkj ;ak;soK nB[;ko tofis j?.
fJBQK fdBK ftu ;aKshfBe/sB ft;at Gkosh dk doik b? fojk ;h fi; ftu fjzd;skB dh
g[oksB p"fXe nwhoh Bz{ w[V s'I ;[oihs eoBk ;h. nkX[fBe fe;w dh ftfdnk pko/ T[;B/ fNZgDh
fdsh - nZi d/ ftdtkB fJe e{V/dkB Bz{ co'bd/ jB edh d{;o/ Bz{. i' euok fJeZmk j[zdk j?
T[; Bz{ nkgD/ Bkw j/m Sgtk e/ tkj tkj yNd/ jB. T[;B/ @s'sk ejkDh# fbyh. fJe fuVh
cVh rJh s/ fgzio/ ftu pzd eoe/ ftfdnk d/D dk n?bkB ehsk frnk. y[;ah Bkb SkbK wkodh,
T[vdh, rhs rkT[Idh fcoh ikt/, fJj n;ZfGne ezw pzd j'D/ iao{oh jB. nkyo eko T[; B/
58
;fGn ;wki ftu fJis Bkb ofjDk j? fJ; eoe/ ftfdnk gqkgs eo/. T[j b'e th d/ye/ gq;zB
j'J/ fijV/ Bk fuVh Bz{ ikDd/ ;B Bk ftfdnk Bz{. pqkjwDk dh fJe i[zvbh fgzio/ d/ d[nkb/ p?m
rJh s/ fdB oks fuVh Bz{ gVQkJh fbykJh f;ykT[D dk pzd'p;s j'fJnk. j'fJnk fJj fe fuVh
fJe fdB wo rJh. ;G Bz{ d[y j'fJnk. okik nc;'; eoB nkfJnk. T[;B/ woh gJh fuVh Bz{
T[Irbh Bkb fjbkfJnk sK T[; nzdo'I feskpK d/ tofenK dh ;o;okjm ;[DkJh fdsh.
coK;h;h fuzse o'wk o'bK T[;d/ ftukoK Bkb g{oB ;fjws ;B s/ :[ZX d/ fybkc. T[j d/;aGrsh
d/ Mzv/ nzdobh ve?sh s'I tkec ;B. o'wk B/ fbfynk, @@;Zu ;G ok;aNoK tk;s/ fJe j? s/
;BwkB:'r go jo/e ok;aNo d/ nkgD/ nkgD/ M{m th j[zd/ jB fiBQK Bz{ T[j nkdo;atkd dk Bkw
fdzd/ jB. o'wk o'bK B/ ;[szsosk dk n?bkBBkwk fbfynk fi; T[go ;z;ko Go d/ fuzseK d/
d;ys eotkJ/. N?r'o B/ 26 i{B 1919 Bz{ fJ; T[go d;yas ehs/. :'og d/ d"o/ d"okB T[;B/
fbfynk, @@r'o/ uKjd/ jB fe :[ZX ftu T[BQK tk;s/ n;hI bVhJ/ s/ eZuk wkb G/id/ ojhJ/. go
fJBQK B/ nkgD/ dotkia/ T[go syash Nzrh j'Jh j? - J/;ahnkJh b'eK dk nzdo nkT[Dk wBQk j?.
cV/ ikD dh ;{os ftu ekBz{Bh ekotkJh j't/rh. w/ohnK GktBktK fJj ;'ue/ ezpD bZr iKdhnK
jB s/ w?Bz{ ngDk d/; :kd nkT[D brdk j?, yk; eoe/ ;aKshfBe/;asB dk X[Zg tkbk e'Bk,
fijVk BQksk X'sk w?Bz{ T[vhe fojk j?.
tkg;h t/b/ ijkia d/ jw;co nkrkykB T[BQK Bkb ;B fiBQK Bz{ jkfcia dk dhtkB pj[s :kd ;h
s/ T[j ne;o N?r'o Bz{ dhtkB ftu'I e[M Bk e[M ;[DkT[Id/ ofjzd/. jkfcia B/ fJe f;ano ftu
;woezd ns/ p[ykok ;afjo nkgDh wfjp{p dh rZbQ T[gob/ fsb T[s'I b[Nk d/D dh fJZSk gqrNkJh
j?. N?r'o B/ fJj ;[De/ fNZgDh fdZsh, @@;aKshfBe/sB d/ fJe e'B/ T[go'I w?I th bzdB b[Nk d/Dk
ukj[zdk jK go eh eoK, bzdB w/oh ikfJdkd jh BjhI. go ;woezd s/ p[ykok fejVk jkfcia dh
ikfJdkd ;B< jkfcia dh ikfJdkd rZbQ T[gobk fsb ;h s/ w/oh ikfJdkd ;aKshfBe/sB.##
eth T[d'I :'og ftu jh ;h id'I bzdB dh gkobhw?IN B/ ifbnktkb/ pkr d/ w[Zy jfsnko/ iBob
vkfJo Bz{ nkw wkch d/ fdsh. nypko ftu ypo gVQ e/ N?r'o B/ fejk - fJ; fywkdkB B/
poskBhnK dk eo{g fujok s/ em'o fdb fdyk fdsk j?.
bzdB d/ d"o/ ;w/I T[j fJe B"i[nkB bkoz; nkca no/fpnk Bz{ fwfbnk. fJ; i[nkB B/ dZf;nk -
w?I fJe x[wZeV fe;w dk ;[szso pzdk jK. j[D w?I nkgD/ d/; nop ftu BjhI iktKrk feT[Ife
w/o/ efjD s/ nopK B/ nzro/iaK Bkb fijVk ;wM"sk ;jhpzd ehsk ;h nzro/ia T[; s'I w[Zeo rJ/
jB. bkoz; B/ eth Bz{ fejk - nzro/ia s'I fJZias jk;b eoB dk sohek fJj j? fe id'I T[j
s[jkv/ ug/V wko/, T[;s'I tXhe i'o Bkb T[; d/ ipkV/ s/ x;[zB iV'. fJ; soQK T[;dk ifwnk
j'fJnk fdwkr ikr gJ/rk s/ GkJh nkgD/ GkJh Bz{ gSkD/rk.
g?fo; ftu T[j por;K f;btk b/th Bz{ fwfbnk. ps"o ftfiafNzr gq'c?;o, b/th ;aKshfBe/;sB th
nkfJnk. jkb?Iv j[zd/ j'J/ T[j p?bihnw frnk s/ pkd;akj B/ y[d T[;dk ;BwkB ehsk. fJE'I T[j
fBT{ :koe nwohek frnk. T[;B/ :'og ns/ nwohek s'I ;aKshfBe/sB bJh dkBok;ah wzrh go Bk
fwbh. ;kok XB sK :[ZX dh G/N uVQ fojk ;h. T[j T[dk; BjhI j'fJnk, ;r'I fbfynk @@w?
;[iksk dh ;kyh gVQh. wjkswk p[ZX B/ T[; gk;'I ykDk BjhI wzfrnk ;h. T[j sK sgZf;nk ftu
bhB ;h. ;[iksk nkg/ yho dk eN'ok Go fbnkJh feT[Ife p[ZX dh sgZf;nk g{oh j' rJh ;h. id'I
w/oh sgZf;nk g{oh j'Jh T[d'I nkg/ b'e g?;/ d/D nk ikDr/. r'o/ fijV/ tvh wksok ftu
Bo;zxko eoB br/ j'J/ jB, fJBQK gk;'I dkB wzrDk tkip jh BjhI ;h.##
;thfv;a nekdwh B/ sko G/ih - n;hI s[jkvk 60tK iBwfdB wBktKr/. feogk eoe/ ;thvB
nkU. ;aKsh fBe/sB tk;s/ feskpK th fdnKr/. eth T[E/ g[Zik s/ tfynkB fds/. nkoe fp;ag B/
Gk;aD ;[D e/ fejk - ;kfjs dk B'pb fJBkw T[; nkdwh tk;s/ j? fi; ftu f;woB ns/
f;oiDk d't/I j'D. N?r'o ftu d't/I jB. T[; s'I fJbktk j'o e'Jh fJ; ;aos s/ g{ok BjhI
T[sfonk. ;Nkej'w s'I T[j pofbB frnk. fJzBh GhV fe eJh n"osK p/j';a j'e/ fvr gJhnK.
;?IefVnK Bz{ jkb nzdo nkT[D dh nkfrnk Bk fwbh fi; ekoB nrb/ fdB fco T[jh Gk;aD
d[jokfJnk. fwT{fBy ftu NkZw; wkB T[; Bz{ fwfbnk. :[ZX ftu iowBh dh p[oh jkbs j' rJh
;h. Gk;aDk okjhI fizBh oew T[;B/ fJeZmh ehsh, T[j fwT{fBy d/ iaywhnK ns/ G[y/ pZfunK tk;s/
dkB d/ fdsh. iowB fuzse wkT{IN jowB e?;ofbzr B/ fbfynk - fizfBnK Bz{ nZi sZe fwfbnk
jK, N?r'o ;G s'I tZvk j?. ;z;ko ftu'I fwbh gqf;ZXh ns/ Gkos ftu fwb/ ;EkB s'I T[j pj[s
T[uk j?. eJh ;askpdhnK s'I b?e/ T[; tork j'o e'Jh BjhI j?. w?I T[; ftu ;zg{oB wB[Zy d/fynk
59
j?. tkg;h tes gqkr gj[zu/ fiE/ gq'c?;o thH b?;Bh Bkb w/b j'fJnk . b?;Bh B/ N?r'o dhnK
eftsktK dk w{b pzrbk ftu'I nB[tkd ehsk s/ ihtBh th fbyh. eth dh fJj ihtBh pkd ftu
nzro/iah ftu th Sgh. u?e';btkehnk ftu T[; dk g{o/ T[s;akj Bkb ;tkrs j'fJnk. i[bkJh
1921 T[j Gkos gofsnk.
T[;B/ c?;bk ehsk fe T[j ;aKsh Bkb ;kfjs ouBk eo/rk. okiBhsh d/ yZgykB/ s'I eh b?Dk. go
nke/ T[;B/ d/fynk fe wjkswk rKXh dk nzd'bB jo/e dotkik yVek u[Zek ;h. fdwkr dh eh
b'V, b'e, GktBk fgS/ s[od/ s[od/ fti/ dtko se g[i oj/ ;B. feq;aB feqgbkBh dk eEB j? -
@@fezBk e[ fuo jB/oh dk ;[tkrs eod/ oj'r/< nZyK ftu eD nk tV/ c/o nkg/ uheK wko'r/.##
rKXh gZek f;nk;sdkB ;h. nukBe BkNeh w'V eZNe/ j?okB eo fdzdk. edh edh pj[s tZvh
xNBk Bz{ Biaonzdkia eo fdzdk fit/I fJj xNh BjhI, edh fBeh fijh xNBk s/ o"bk gke/ okJh
dk gjkV pDk fdzdk feT[Ife fJ; dk f;nk;h bkG ;h. y[Zs nZy Bz{ B?b;B tKr d{ophB d/ ;ah;a/
nr/ eoe/ nkydk - w?Bz{ sK e[ZM fdykJh BjhI fdzdk fJ; ftu'I. go N?r'o dh pkia nZy ;kok
e[M ;kc d/y e/ gq/;akB ;h. fJj' fijh nzBQh d/;aGrsh fto[ZX sK T[j nB/e Gk;aD ftd/;aK ftu
d/e/ nkfJnk ;h fi; ftu jo/e ftd/;h t;s{ Bz{ fxoDk Bkb d/fynk ikt/. fJE/ feqgbkBh dh
fNZgDh j? - nfXnkge i' d/Dk ukj[zdk j?, ftfdnkoEh ne;o T[j BjhI b?Id/, T[j T[jh b?Id/ jB
i' T[j b?Dk ukj[D.
d[ekBk ftu'I ipoB ftd/;h eZgVk eZY eZY e/ nZr ftu ;[Nh ikD d/ T[j ;ys fybkc ;h. id'I
rKXh B/ ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ fejk fe gVQkJh SZv e/ nkiakdh d/ nzd'bB ftu e[Zd gt', T[j fJ;
n?bkB d/ th fybkc ;h. uoyk eZsD Bkb d/; dh nkofEesk mhe j' ikJ/rh, T[;Bz{ fJj rZb
c}{b brdh ;h. rKXh B/ eEkeko ;aosuzdo u?Noih Bz{ nkgD/ d{s ti'I N?r'o gk; G/fink fe
w/o/ okiBhse nzd'bB dk ;woEB eo'. ;h n?cH n?IfvqT{ia th fJ; whfNzr ftu ;akwb j'fJnk.
N?r'o B/ ;kc efj fdsk fe w?I rKXh ih Bkb ;fjws BjhI jK. id'I fJj rZbpks uZb ojh ;h
sK rKXh-GrsK B/ N?r'o dh neb fmekD/ eoB bJh d[ekBk ftu'I ftd/;ah eZgV/ d/ EkB ipoB
u[e/ s/ N?r'o d/ ftjV/ ftu nZr bk fdsh. pko pko rKXh efj fojk ;h w/ok nzd'bB nfjz;e
j?. N?r'o B/ fbfynk - y[d nke/ w/o/ xo ns/ toKv/ d/y' sK gsk bZr/ s[jkv/ ;aKshd{s fejV/
uzd ukVQ oj/ B/. fusg[o o'v d/ d[ekBdkoK s'I eZgV/ y'j e/ T[j w/o/ ftjV/ ftu X{Dh pkbe/
fJ; d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ gkrb ebzdoK tKr uheK wko oj/ jB. fJjh j? s[jkvh nfjz;k, s[jkvh
;aKsh<
o'wk o'bK Bz{ d'tK dh wkBf;esk dh ;jh ;wM ;h. T[;B/ fbfynk - d't/I fJe d{i/ d/ edodkB
jB go d'tK d/ o;s/ nv' nv jB. fit/I fcbk;co Xow gqukoe s'I tyok j[zdk j?, fJt/I jB
fJj d't/I. ;/INgkb bJh fJj iao{oh th j? fe T[j fe;/ ncbks{B s'I d{o oj/. rKXh, Nkb;NkfJ
tork ;h fi; dh jo uhi fjz;e ;h. fJE'I se fe T[;dk nfjz;ktkdh f;XKs th fjz;e ;h.
N?r'o J/;ahnk dk w;hjk j'e/ d[BhnK gk;'I o{jkBh ;fj:'r wzrdk fco fojk ;h, fJj ;wMe/ fe
rb'p fJe tvk xo j?. T[E/ rKXh B/ n;fj:'r nzd'bB gquzv ehsk. N?r'o Bz{ rKXh dh
;ay;hns dk gsk ;h go T[j ikDdk ;h fe T[;d/ u/b/ d/;aGrsh d/ iiap/ j/m e'Jh th nB?se
ezw eo ;ed/ jB. T[j ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ fejk eod/ - rKXh s[jkv/ s'I fej' fijk pbhdkB wzr
fojk j?< ftfdnk dh pbh ! w?I s[jkv/ nr/ gqkoEBk eodk jK fe ftfdnk jk;b eoe/ ;zg{oB
wB[y pD' sK fe gsk br/ s[jkvhnK fizw/tkohnK eh jB.
eth B/ rKXh d/ nzd'bB ftubhnK ykwhnK T[go bzwk b/y fby e/ wkvoB ohthT{ ftu
SgtkfJnk fi; dk f;ob/y ;h - d ekb nkca d No{E. wjkswk rKXh B/ fJ; u[D"sh Bz{
ep{bfdnK :zr fJzvhnk ftu nkgDk ;ys gqsheow Skfgnk. fJ; b/y ftu N?r'o Bz{ @wjkB
;zsoh# fejk frnk fi;d/ ;Zae fBokXko BjhI ;B go fJ; rb dh fBzfdnk ehsh rJh fe id'I
xo Bz{ nZr bZrh j't/, u"eVh wko e/ ;aKs BjhI p?mhdk.
rKXh B/ fbfynk, @@eth Gbe ftu fiT[Idk j? s/ ;kE'I th fJjh nk; eodk j? fe Gfty ftu
ihthJ/. ;t/o/ ;t/o/ nkek;a ftu T[vdhnK fuVhnK d/y e/ T[j GiB rkT[Idk j?. fJj T[j gzSh
B/ fiBQK B/ ebQ ykDk ykXk ;h s/ okshI T[j jiaw j'e/ y{B ftu ob frnk. w?I nfij/ gzSh d/y
fojk jK i' fgzio/ ftu pzd jB s/ yzGK ftu T[vD dh ;Zfsnk pkeh BjhI puh. Gkosh nkek;a
ftu wB[Zy T[v BjhI ;edk j[D, T[j sK o'Nh sZe dk w[Eki j?. T[;Bz{ ezw fdT[ sK fe T[j g/N
Go ;e/. epho d/ GiB rk b?D/ ;"yk ezw j?, o'rhnK Bz{ okjs g[ukT[Dk n"yk j?.##
60
fJj gVQ e/ N?r'o B/ fejk, @@fJfsjk; d/ tv/ ;zeN ftu i{Md/ nkgD/ ;kEhnK d/ edw Bkb
edw fwbk e/ i/ BjhI uZb ;ed/ sK fJj th Bk ej' fe w?I mhe jK, T[j rbs jB.##
iowB ;akfJo jhB B/ fbfynk, @@T[j ;kv/ :[r dk nfijk ;zrhseko j? i' ekb d/ yzvoK s/
p?mk rk fojk j?. T[j ekb dh nBzssk ftu Usg's j? go toswkB Bz{ th Biaonzdkia BjhI
eodk.##
B'pb gqkJhia dh oew sK gfjbK jh eth B/ ;aKshfBe/sB Bz{ d/ fdsh ;h. 1921 ftu nkgDhnK
;kohnK ouBktK d/ ekghokJhN nfXeko th d/ fds/. eth edh edh T[dk; j' iKdk fe
d[BhnKdkoh ftu T[;B/ fezBk ;kok ;wK B;aN eo fdsk, edh nkydk, ;aKshfBe/;asB dk J/vk tZvk
gzrk yVQk eoB dh eh s[e ;h< fbfynk, @@id'I w?I d[BhnK ftu nkfJnk w/o/ e'b fJe pz;oh s'I
fJbktk e[M BjhI ;h. w?I ;e{b SZv fdsk, d[BhnKdkoh ftu ;cb Bk j'fJnk go w/oh pz;oh w/o/
e'b ojh. w/ok fJe ;yk w/o/ ;zrhs ftu ;akwb j[zdk. T[;dk ;zrhs gZfsnK ftu, trd/ gkDh
ftu, skfonK dh ykw';ah ftu, jzM{nK, w[;ekBk, d[yK s/ ;[yK ftu sozfrs j' iKdk. w?I ngD/ ;y/
dh wK p'bh ikDdk ;K fJ;/ eoe/ ib ns/ g"D w/oh pz;oh d/ ftueko nke/ yb' rJ/. w/I
p/te{cK tKr T[BQK dhnK rZbK wzBh frnk. pz;oh fes/ oZye/ w?I G[Zb frnk. gb ftu jh w?I p[ZYk
j' frnk s/ p[ZXh dk Gko fgZm s/ bZdh dodo j'ek fdzdk fojk. fJj ;kok e[M w?Bz{ vokT[D/
;[cB/ tKr brdk j? s/ nZXh nZXh oks G?Ghs j'e/ ikr g?Idk jK s/ ngD/ nkg Bz{ g[Sdk jK -
w/ok ;zrhs feE/ frnk<
@@w?I nzsook;aNoh gqf;Xh tkbk ft;atftfdnkbk sK f;oi fbnk, mhe j? fJj fJe tZvk ezw ;h
go w?I nkgDk fBek fijk rhs y' p?mk. w/ok xkNk edh g{ok BjhI j't/rk. w?Bz{ sK w/oh pz;oh
ukjhdh j?, ;wMdko b'e ukj/ w?Bz{ Bcaos eoB ukj/ Biaonzdkia, Bekok efjD ukj/ ntkok, w?Bz{
gqtkj BjhI.
;szpo 1922 ftu eth dZyD gZSwh Gkos d/ d"o/ s/ fBefbnk. nfjwdkpkd ;kpowsh nk;aow
frnk. T[d'I rKXh i/bQ ftu ;h. eth B/ fejk @@pbhdkB dk ;jh noE rKXh dZ; fojk j?.##
d[pkok ikgkB ns/ uhB dk d"ok ehsk.fJBQK d"fonK ;dek f;azxkJh ftu J/f;ankfNe n?;'f;J/;aB
pDh i' j[D sZe ;orow G{fwek fBGk ojh j?. eth dh T[wo 63 ;kb j' rJh ;h go gq/w
rhs fco g{oh fBoSbsk Bkb T[soB bZr/ L
jzM{nK Bkb v[pv[pkJhnK nZyK Bkb id'I sz{ w/o/ tZb d/fynk
w?I fejk ;h edh BjhI G[ZbKrk s?Bz{
fywk eohI, w?I G[Zb frnk.
w[ds j' rJh J/; rZb Bz{
w/oh o{j T[go SghnK j'JhnK jB s/ohnK ekbhnK nZyK
gq/w dk gfjbk yas, ;zrdk s/ vodk
T[; T[go s/o/ fdb d/ d;ys
;w/I dh e{uh fco rJh ;h X[Zg SK T[go dh
w/o/ d[y dh bkN i/ u[gukg ftdkn j' rJh ;h
sK w?Bz{ fywk eohI
w?I J/Bk ikDdk jK fe sz{ w/o/ ihtB ftu nkJh
sK rhsK dh Gog{o c;b T[Zrh.
eth gho{ dh :ksok s/ fBefbnk sK o;s/ ftu J/Bk fpwko j' frnk fe d"ok oZd eoe/ ;kB
fJ;hdo' T[Zso frnk. T[j fJE/ fe;/ Bz{ BjhI ikDdk ;h go fJe Gbh n"os fteN'ohnk UeKg'
T[; pkps nypkoK okjhI ikDdh ;h. T[j eth Bz{ nkgD/ y{p;{os pzrb/ ftu b? rJh. xo d/
Biadhe dh Bdh bzxdh ;h i' pkbe'Bh ftu'I pj[s wBw'je bZrdh. fJE/ i' eftsktK fbyhnK
T[BQK d/ ;zrqfj dk Bkw g[oth (;akw dk fJe okr) oZfynk. fJj feskp T[;B/ nkgDh fJ;
fwjopkB w/iapkB Bz{ ;wofgs ehsh j?. vke okjhI feskp T[;Bz{ G/ih sK fbfynk, @@ukj[zdk sK
fJjh ;h fe nkgD/ jZEhI fJj feskp ;"Igdk go vke okjhI G/idk jK. s?Bz{ br/rk fe fJ; ftu
sK e[M th BjhI. p; fJjh fe fizBk ;wK w?I s/o/ xo fojk, w/oh feskp T[; Bkb'I tXhe ;wK
s/o/ e'b fpskJ/rh.## fJ; B/e phph Bz{ :kd eofdnK eth fbydk j?, @@j;dh j'Jh, y[;ah d/ c[Zb
b?e/ T[j w/o/ e'b nkJh. pdb/ ftu d/D tk;s/ d[y d/ cb s'I fJbktk w/o/ e'b e[M BjhI ;h.
61
w?I g[ZfSnk, @@e"D jko/rk i/ nkgK fJj d't/I uhiaK nkg; ftu pdb bJhJ/<## T[j fgnko Bkb
w[;eKdh p'bh, @@nkU pdbhJ/. nfj b? w/o/ c[Zb s/ jzM{nK ftu fGZfink nkgDk cb w?Bz{ d/j. w?I
T[; tZb d/fynk sK T[j ;zg{oB ;z[dosk ;h. w/o/ cb dk p'M u[e e/ T[j jZ; gJh. @@w?I fiZs
rJh##. j;fdnK T[;B/ fejk s/ ubh rJh. rowh pVh s/ia ;h. fijV/ c[Zb wzre/ w?I T[; gk;'I
jk;b ehs/ T[j d[gfjo se e[wbk e/ MV rJ/.##
wJh 1925 ftu wjkswk rKXh ;aKshfBe/sB nkJ/, fJ; T[whd Bkb fe T[j eth Bz{ ;wMk d/Dr/
fe ;toki dk o;sk uoy/ ftu'I fBebdk j?. fi; ewo/ ftu rKXh ih dk e:kw ;h T[j
;[rzXhnK Gog{o c[ZbK Bkb ;ikfJnk frnk ;h. jZ; e/ rKXh ih p'b/ - fJj ;[jkr ;/i fe;
tk;s/ fsnko eo oZyh j?< eth B/ fejk - ;aKsh fBe/sB, w/oh ;d?t i[nkB :[tokDh s[jkvk
;[nkrs fJ; ewo/ ftu eodh j?. uoyk, eth d/ fdb T[go n;o gkT[D ftu ekw:kp Bk
j'fJnk, rKXh ih Bz{ d[y j'fJnk. fJ;/ ;kb ;odhnK ftu tv/ Gok fdi/IdoBkE dh w"s j' rJh.
eth Bkb'I T[j rKXh ih d/ tXhe B/V/ ;h feT[Ife T[j uoy/ dh fyZbh BjhI T[vkT[Idk ;h. fJ;/
;w/I w;'bhBh B/ d' ftdtkB ;aKsh fBe/sB ftfiafNzr gq'c?;oia ti'I G/i/ s/ pj[s ;kohnK feskpK dh
;[rks G/ih. w;'bhBh B/ fJNbh nkT[D dk ;Zdk-gZso G/fink.
15 wJh 1926 Bz{ T[j B/gbia tk;s/ otkBk j' rJ/. eth dk Gog{o ;tkrs j'fJnk. ;Zs i{B
Bz{ o'w rJ/ fiE/ rtoBo B/ ;tkrs ehsk. fJE/ ebk dk noE ft;a/ T[go Gk;aD w;'bhBh ;w/s
;kfonK B/ ;[fDnk. wjkokik fteNo fJw?B[nb shi/ B/ tyok ;BwkB fdsk s/ fJE/ fusok
BkNe fJNkbhnB Gk;ak ftu y/fvnk frnk. eo'u/ T[BQK fdBK ftu Biaopzd ;h. eth B/ T[;Bz{
fwbD dh fJZSk gqrNkJh sK u'oh u'oh, ysok w[Zb b?e/ e[M d';sK B/ fJj w/b eotk fdZsk.
fJNbh dh ;oeko T[BQK d/ Gk;aDk Bz{ ck;ahtkd d/ go;ko bJh nypkoh ;[oyhnK d/ o{g ftu
Skg ojh j?, fJ; dk eth Bz{ e'Jh fJbw BjhI ;h. ;ftNiaob?Iv d/ d"o/ ;w/I fJj rZb T[BQK Bz{
o'wK o'bK B/ dZ;h. eth Bz{ d[Zy g[fink s/ fJZE/ T[BQK B/ ck;ahtkd dh iw e/ nkb'uBk ehsh.
eth B/ fbfynk, @@w?I T[ve/ ;aKsh fBe/sB g[iDk ukj[zdk jK feT[Ife ;ktD d/ pZdb nkT[D tkb/
jB i' nke/ g[Sd/ fcoBr/, feE/ frnk ;kvk fgnkok eth fijVk ngD/ Bt/I Be'o rhsK Bkb
;kvk ;[nkrs efonk eodk ;h, feE/ j? T[j<##
iowBh ftu T[BQK dk ;[nkrs ok;aNogsh fjzvBpor B/ ehsk. fJE/ jh T[j nkJhB;NhB Bz{ fwb/
s/ fJj w[bkeks ;dhth fwsosk pD rJh. fJe jcsk gokr ftu o[fenk fiE/ u?eZ p'bh ftu
T[;dk vkexo BkNe y/fvnk frnk. fJE'I :{BkB ub/ rJ/ fiE/ ;oeko B/ J/Ezia fty/ @nkovo
nkca d fovhwo# fyskp d/ e/ ;BwkB/. fJ; fgS'I s[oeh rJ/. eth d/ ;BwkB ftu s[oeh dh
;oeko B/ gkobhw?IN dh ubdh ekotkJh o'e fdsh. okik c"d B/ noph feskpK ft;at-Gkosh
bJh G/N ehshnK. go eth fJBQK ft;akb ;wko'jK ftu nZe iKdk, fbfynk, @@gqf;ZXh ns/ ;aKsh
fJeZmhnK BjhI j' ;edhnK. i/ Xe/ Bkb fJeZmhnK eo fdT[, ibdh ftSZV iKdhnK jB.
gKvhuoh ;qh noftzd' Bz{ fwb/ s/ fbfynk, @@id'I w?I tfoQnK gfjbK i[nkB noftzd Bz{ gquzv
okiBhse :'X/ d/ o{g ftu d/fynk ;h w?I fdb ftu fejk ;h, @@noftzd - oftzdo dk gqDkw
;theko eo'.## j[D w?I fJe ;aKs fo;ah Bz{ ;wkXh ftu p?fmnk d/fynk sK fco d[jokfJnk,
@@noftzd - oftzdo dk gqDkw ;theko eo'.##
o{; s'I iowBh d/ o;s/ gosd/ j'J/ T[j nwohek rJ/. EK EK T[BQK dk ;BwkB j'fJnk s/ Gk;aDk
dhnK bVhnK uZbhnK. ok;aNogsh j{to T[BQK Bz{ p';NB b?e/ nkg rJ/. nwohek th poskBhnK
dhnK rsh-ftXhnK s/ y[;a BjhI ;h. fJE/ T[j gqf;ZX fcbk;co ftb v{oK Bz{ fwb/. ftb v{oK B/
Gkos d/ fjZsK dk gZy g{ofdnK feskp fbyh, d e/; cko fJzvhnk fi; T[go nzro/ia ;oeko B/
gkpzdh bk fdZsh ;h. fJj feskp N?r'o Bz{ ;wofgs eofdnK v{oK B/ fejk, @@e/tb N?r'o eoe/
jh nzro/iaK Bz{ Gkos ftu'I ub/ ikDk ukjhdk j?.##
eth B/ @;akjijkB# BK dh bzwh eftsk fbyh fi; ftu T[j fJ;d/ fBowksk dh fJ; fJSk dk
edodkB j? fe ;z;ko ftu ;dhnK g;zd nkT[D tkbh :kdrkoh ;[zdosk SZvh ikt/. fco th eth
;'udk j? fe fpjsohB ;[zdo epo ftu p?m e/ ;'uh ikD Bkb'I pZu/ dk fBek gzx{Vk skiwjZb s'I
tXhe w[ZbtkB j? feT[Ife fJE/ wB[ysk dh t/b nZr/ tX ojh j?.
4 iBtoh 1932 Bz{ T[BQK dk iBw-fdB tZvh gZXo s/ ebeZs/ wBkT[D dk c?;bk j'fJnk go T[d'I
jh rKXh ih dh frqcskoh dh ypo Sgh. eth B/ fJj ;wko'j S'Nh gZXo dk eo fdsk. ni/
fJe jcask gfjbK T[j :'og s'I tkg; gos/ ;B. T[BQK B/ bzdB gqXkB wzsoh o?wi/ w?ev'Bkbv
62
Bz{ bzwh sko G/ih- J/Bk tXhe dwB F[o{ j' frnk j? fe Gkosh ;EkJh o{g ftu poskBhnK d/
fybkc j' ikDr/. 26 iBtoh Bz{ fpnkB th ikoh ehsk i' ;oeko B/ ;?I;o eoe/ S'Nk eoe/
Skfgnk. eth B/ fJ; ftu nkgDh p/fJZiash d/yh s/ @gq;aB# BK dh eftsk fbyh fi; ftu
fbfynk fe j/ gowkswk sz{ nkgDk d{s G/i fdzdk j? i' s/ok ;[B/jk d;dk j?. nZi T[j ;[B/jk i'
:;{ w;hj okjhI nkfJnk, wiake pD frnk j?. sz{ fJBQK b'eK Bz{ fywk fet/I eo/Irk j[D< s/ok
o';aB o;sk nzXekowJh j' frnk j?, eh sz{ T[BQk Bz{ gq/w eo/Irk fiBQK B/ s/oh Xosh iafjohbh eo
fdsh j?<
T[wo tXD eoe/ ewia'oh j'D bZrh s/ eth B/ c?;bk ehsk fe j'o ftd/;ah d"ok BjhI eoBk,
f;js nkfrnk BjhI fdzdh ;h. JhokB d/ pkd;akj oiak ;akj gfjbth dk ;Zdk gZso nk frnk.
eth B/ vkfJoh ftu fbfynk, @@nkgD/ fwZso d/; d/ ;ot[Zu okigqw[Zy dk ;Zdk fet/I w'V ;edk
jK<## ;' 11 ngq?b 1932 Bz{ JhokB tk;s/ uZb gJ/, n?seh ;w[zdo okjhI BjhI, jtkJh o;s/.
gfjbK ;ahokia rJ/ fiE/ jkfcia ;ahokiah ns/ ;a/y ;kndh, ;akfJoK dhnK epoK T[go c[Zb uVQkJ/.
;kndh 13thI ns/ ;ahokiah 14thI ;dh d/ ceho ;B. fJ;ckjkB dh :ksok ehsh s/ fco okiXkBh
sfjokB g[Zi/. tZy tZy ;fwnK d"okB ;ahokia ns/ fJ;ckjkB th JhokBh je{wsK dhnK okiXkBhnK
ojhnK jB. fJBQK ;soK d/ b/ye B/ fJBQK ;kohnK EktK dk d"ok eoe/ ikfDnk fe JhokBh ebk
dk ;z;ko edh w[ekpbk BjhI eo ;edk. fJNbh s/ :{BkB th BjhI. ekriaK ftZu c;kT[D tkb/
efbZg th pr?o fusoekoh s'I BjhI jB. pkd;akj B/ sfjokB ftu eth dk T[j ;BwkB ehsk fe
;wko'j fJfsjk;e :kdrko j' frnk, T[BQK Bz{ @@g{oph n;wkB dk ;G s'I tXhe o";aB skok##
fejk frnk. tkg;h tes T[j prdkd ftu'I dh nkJ/ fiE/ Jhoke d/ pkd;akj c?;b B/ y[d
;tkrs ehsk. fJe fdB p?d[fJBk dh p;sh ftu th fpskfJnk.
T[BQK B/ ihtB ftu pj[s w"sK d/yhnK, fJe fJe eoe/ ;G fgnko/ fwZso ns/ Gok G?Dk g[Zso
ftSVd/ rJ/. prdkd ftu ypo fwbh fe T[BQK dk pj[s fgnkok g'sk fijVk eth dk fJe
;zrqfj SgtkT[D tk;s/ iowBh frnk ;h ;z;ko s'I ubk frnk j?. fJ; ypo B/ eth Bz{ pj[s
tvh ;ZN wkoh. eftsk fbyh @@gZEo fdb wjkBsk B/ s?Bz{ nfiZs sK pDkfJnk jh fGnkBe th
eo fdsk, s/oh skes s'I G?Ghs ezpd/ fdb Bkb w?I s/o/ ;kjwD/ yb'sk ;K. sz{ fJj ;ZN wkoh.
w?I ezpfdnK g[ZfSnk - e[ZM j'o th pkeh j?< fe fJj nzfsw j?< j'o sK BjhI e[ZM< w/ok vo ubk
frnk. id'I sz{ w/o/ T[Zgo fpibh v/rD bZrk T[d'I sz{ fezBk tZvk bZr fojk ;?I, go id'I fpibh
fvr gJh sK sz{ w/o/ fiZvk e[ j' frnk, w?I T[;/ soQK T[t/I dk T[t/I fojk. sz{ wjkB j' ;edk j?I
go w"s s'I tZvk BjhI. j[D w?I jK i' w"s s'I tZvk jK. fJjBz{ sz{ w/ok nzsw tke ;wMhI.
rKXh ih B/ 20 ;szpo 1932 Bz{ i/bQ ftu woB tos F[o{ eo fdsk. nzro/ia B/ T[uhnK ns/
BhthnK iksK d/ nZv nZv u'D y/so Ekg e/ ;d?th c[N dh BhIj oZy fdZsh fi; c?;b/ fto[ZX fJj
tos oZfynk frnk. ;G s'I gfjbk ys T[BQK B/ N?r'o Bz{ fbfynk, @@fgnko/ r[o{d/t, nZi
wzrbtko j?. ;t/o d/ fszB tZi/ jB. d[gfjo Bz{ w?I nrBh dotki/ ftu dkyb j'tKrk. fJ;
:sB tk;s/ s[jkvh n;h; dh b'V j?. s[;hI w/o/ ;Zu/ fwso j' feT[Ife jo/e rZb w/o/ e'b s[;hI
fB;azr fB;aegN j'e/ ehsh. i/ fdb'I w/o/ fJokd/ dk ;woEB eod/ j' sK w?Bz{ n;ahotkd fdT[.
w?Bz{ fJ; Bkb ;aesh fwb/rh.##
ni/ ys vke ftu gkfJnk BjhI ;h fe T[BQK Bz{ eth dh sko fwbh, @@Gkos dh J/esk ns/
;wkie fJei[Nsk Bz{ ekfJw oZyD fjs ngDk nBw'b ihtB e[opkB eoBk ;jh c?;bk j?.
s[jkvh wjkB sgZf;nk dk ;BwkB eofdnK gq/wg{ote n;hI s[jkv/ o;s/ s/ uZbKr/.##
eth dk e'wb fdb sko d/ e/ ;aKs BjhI j'fJnk. T[j 24 ;szpo Bz{ :otdk i/bQ g{B/ wjkswk
Bkb w[bkeks eoB bJh otkBk j' rJ/. go ysok GKgfdnK ;oeko B/ 26 ;szpo Bz{ nkgDk
c?;bk tkg; b? fbnk sK rKXh ih B/ tos ysw eo fdZsk. fJ; tes eth rKXh ih e'b p?m/
;B. rKXh B/ fbfynk, @@Jh;ato dk Bkw b?e/ tos F[o{ ehsk ;h. r[o{d/t d/ ;kjwD/ Jh;ato
dk Bkw b?e/ fJ; Bz{ ysw eoB bZrk jK. fJ; w"e/ eth B/ rhs rkfJnk L
ihtB iyB F[ekJ/ ikJ/
eo[Dk Xkok: J/;'HHHHH
(id'I ihtB ;[Ze ikJ/ sK gqG ih dfJnk dh Xkok ftu nkU.
id'I ;koh fwmk; w[Ze ikJ/ sK gqG ih nzfwqs rhs dh pko;a eo'.)
63
15 iBtoh 1934 Bz{ T[soh Gkos ftu fGnkBe G[ukb nkfJnk fi; Bkb p/nzs ikBh s/ wkfJe
B[e;kB j'fJnk. mzY d/ fdBh b'e n;wkB j/m ;"D bZr/. wjkswk rKXh dk fpnkB nkfJnk,
@@iks gks d/ nkXko s/ wB[Zy wB[Zy Bz{ Bcaos eodk j?. fJj G{ukb fJ;/ gkg dh oZp tb'I
fdsh ;iak j?. w?Bz{ gZek ft;atk; j? fe S{s nS{s Bkb fJ; G{ukb dk nfdy ;pzX i[fVnk
j'fJnk j?.##
fJj gVQe/ N?r'o j?okB th j'J/, d[yh th. T[BQK fejk, @@w?Bz{ fJ; rZb dk ;ys nc;'; j? fe
rKXh ih G{ukb dk ekoB Jh;atoh ;iak d;d/ jB. fJ; s'I tXhe d[y fJ; rZb dk j? fJ;
soQK dhnK r?o ftfrnkBe rZbK Bz{ Gkos tk;h ;Zu wzB b?Id/ jB.##
eth dh fJj fNgDh gVQe/ johiB ftu fco rKXh B/ d[jokfJnk, @@w/o/ tk;s/ fJ; G{ukb dk
ekoB Jh;ato tb'I fdsh ;iak j?, fJj w/ok e'Jh nzX ft;atk; BjhI. Jh;ato dhnK BhshnK,
fB:wK s/ ekoiftXh dk fe;/ Bz{ e'Jh gsk BjhI. w/ok fJj' ft;atk; j? fe fJj Jh;atoh gqe'g
j?.##
fJ; pko/ itkjo bkb Bfjo{ dh fNZgDh j?, @@id'I w?I G{ukb ghVs y/soK dk d"ok eo fojk ;K
sK rKXh ih dk fpnkB gVQe/ w?I j?okB ofj frnk fe fJj Jh;ato tb'I fdsh ;iak j?. fJj pVk
fBok;akiBe fynkb j?. w?I oftzdo BkE N?r'o d/ fpnkB Bkb g{oh soQK ;fjws jK.##
rKXh ih jo/e xNBk$d[oxNBk ftu'I f;nk;h ;wheoD bZG b?Id/ ;B s/ fJBQK ftu'I wB ukfjnk
bkG gqkgs eod/ ;B. fJj mhe j? fe ;G fBZih BjhI j[zdk ;h, d/; d/ Gb/ bJh j[zdk ;h.
fjzd[;skBhnK dh wkBf;esk Bz{ rKXh s'I tXhe Bk N?r'o Bz{ gsk ;h Bk Bfjo{ Bz{. fJjh ekoB j?
fe b'e N?r'o ns/ Bfjo{ s'I tXhe rKXh ih ftu ft;atk; eod/ ;B. e/tb eEBk eoe/ BjhI,
rKXh dk ihtB th nkw rohp g/Iv{ tork ;kdk ;h id'I fe N?r'o ns/ Bfjo{ dk ofjD ;fjD
e[bhB tor tkbk ;h.
;aKshfBe/sB N?r'o dk T[j ;[cBk ;h i' ;keko j'fJnk. ;keko sK j' frnk, go youk pj[sk,
nkwdB fBr{Dh. fiBQK b'eK d/ pZfunK dk GftZy ;ztkoB tk;s/ T[;B/ y[d dh ;koh gz{ih bk
fdsh, T[; d/; d/ t;Bhe fJ; ft;at ftfdnkb/ dh wkfJe wdd eoB tk;s/ fsnko BjhI ;B.
Gkos tk;hnK dk nzro/iaK t/b/ s'I b? e/ j[D sZe fJj' o[MkD s[fonk nk fojk j? fe T[j iK
Xow d/ Bkw s/ g?;/ d/ fdzd/ ;B iK fco okiBhshtkBk Bz{. ftfdnkfbnK dk fXnkB fe;/ Bz{
BjhI.N?r'o tes d/; r[bkw ;h, rohp ;h. fco th fijV/ XBh b'eK gk; g?;k j'D dh ;woZEk
;h T[j th fjueukT[Id/ feT[Ife T[BQK dh d';sh rKXh ih Bkb ;h. XBtkB pzd/ ;oeko Bz{ Bokia
BjhI eo ;ed/ j[zd/.
jZE ftu m{mk cV e/ wzrD s[o g?Dk th N?r'o d/ ;[Gkn ftu BjhI ;h. fJe ftT[Is xVh rJh.
EK EK fgzvK ;afjoK ftu x[zw e/ N?r'o dh ouBk Bz{ wzu T[s/ gq;s[s ehsk ikt/. Gkt/I fe T[wo
dk nyhobk fjZ;k gj[zu frnk ;h s/ chbv ftu ezw eoBk ;"yk BjhI ;h go T[; Bz{ d' rZbK B/
T[s;akfjs eoh oZfynk. fJe sK ;aKshfBe/sB fiT[Idk ofjDk ukjhdk ;h, d{i/ fJ; gqdo;aB Bkb
T[; dh ebk GkoshnK d/ wB ftu g[ZiDh ;h. T[BQK d/ fdbK ftu th T[soBh ;h i' gVQ/ fby/
BjhI ;B, T[BQK d/ th i' pzrbk BjhI ikDd/ ;B. T[BQK B/ ;kfizad/, rtZJhJ/ ns/ nfGB/sk fJeZm/
ehs/. y[d fBod/;ae j[zd/. ;kb 1932 s'I 1936 sZe gzi ;kb Gkos d/ ty tZy EktK s/ fJj ezw
ubdk fojk.
id'I w?I ngq?b 2008 ftu JhokB d/ d"o/ s/ frnk T[E/ N?r'o Bkb nkfJs[Zbk wkok;ah dh c'N' d/yh.
wkok;ah B/ ft;at gqf;ZX bkfJpo/oh e[zw ;afjo ftu ;Ekgs ehsh j? fi; dk ft;Eko Bkb fiaeo
w?I nkgDh fe;/ j'o fbys ftu ehsk j?. :ksoktK d"okB N?r'o dh ;kfjs ouBk th Bkb' Bkb
ubdh ojh.
T[;dhnK nyhobhnK ouBktK ftu j'o fwmk;, tXhe ;aKsh dk gqt/;a j[zdk j?. ;aKshfBe/sB d/
bkfrUI e'gkJh Bdh bzxdh j?. pugB s'I p[Y/g/ se T[j e'gkJh d/ nzr ;zr fojk. fBe/ j[zfdnK
wbkj s'I Bdh Bkb ;pzXs ejkDhnK ;[DfdnK ;[DfdnK ns/ Bdh d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ x[zwd/ b'eK Bz{
d/yfdnK T[; d/ fdb nzdo ;EkJh :kdK ekfJw j' rJhnK. fJe tzBrh d/y', @@T[;dhnK rZbK
ftdtkBk torhnK BjhI, ;r'I nkw pzfdnK tKr f;ZXhnK ;kdhnK jB. w'Y/ T[go sho ewkB
bNekJh id'I e'Jh ;fBnk;h pkbe fJ; d/ feBko/ feBko/ s[odk j? sK bfjoK G? Ghs BjhI
j[zdhnK. pbd ;fji/ ;fji/ rZvk fyud/ s[oh iKd/ jB. nkgD/ M[e/ j'J/ w'Y/ T[go x[fwnko
64
posDk dh tfjzrh u[eh, N[Nd/ i[Vd/ ;kjK Bkb s[fonk ik fojk j?. fgzv dk gkbs{ e[Zsk T[;dh
SK d/ Bkb Bkb s[fonk ik fojk j? e[M d{o sZe. nkgDk ;wK T[;B/ fJ; soQK pzBQ fbnk j?
fit/I fgzv d/ ;e{b wk;No Bz{ fszB o[gJ/ wjhB/ dh sBykj B/ pzBQ fbnk j?, nkgD/ jZE ftu
p'dh g[okDh Ssoh cVh j"bh j"bh gVQkT[D ik fojk j?.## fJj ;soK @e'gkJh# eftsk ftu'I jB.
eth bJh ;[or fes/ d{o n;wkB ftu BjhI, Xosh T[go j?. T[;dk eEB j?, @@w?I fgnko ehsk.
gsk BjhI fezBk ns/ fe; soQK dk. w?I Xosh Bz{ fgnko ehsk. d/o se w/ohnK nZyK brksko
Xosh Bz{ d/ydhnK ofjzdhnK jB. G[Zy ns/ so/j ftu th w?I fgnko dk nzfwqs Sfenk. fJ; d/
o/s/ ftu w?Bz{ nkgD/ ihtB dh ;Zuh ;koEesk fwbh. d[oeko/ j'fJnK p/fJias j'fJnK b'eK ftu
w?Bz{ nkgDh w[esh fwbh j?.##
@g[B;au# Bkw dh fJe eftsk ftu eth B/ fJe xNBk fuso fdsh j?. nwhBk w[;bwkB bbkoh
dh Xh j?. ftdtkB pqkjwD Fzeo bkb Bz{ nkgD/ gzvskT{gD T[go Gkoh cyo ;h. T[;B/ fe;/
j'o ftdtkB Bkb NZeo b?D tk;s/ ikDk ;h. T[BQK fdBK ftu fJj' fijhnK p"fXe e[;ashnK nkw
j'fJnk eodhnK ;B. T[;B/ d/fynk fe d;sko w?bh j' rJh j?. bbkoh B{z X'D ns/ ozrD
tk;s/ d/ fdsh. bbkoh B/ nkgDh Xh nwhBk Bz{ fejk - ikj, Bdh T[go ike/ gZr X' fbnk.
id'I e[Vh gZr X' e/ ;[eD/ gkD bZrh sK T[;B/ d;sko d/ fJe e'B/ ftu eftsk dh gzesh Xkr/
Bkb fbyh j'Jh d/yh. fbfynk ;h L
s'wko Fqhgd w'o bbkN/ fpoki/..
(s[jkv/ gftso uoB w/o/ f;o T[go F[F'fGs jB.)
nwhBk nkgDh M'IgVh ftu rJh. ;{Jh ftu Xkrk go'fJnk s/ fJj gzesh fby e/ eftsk dk pzd
g{ok eo fdsk L
go;a gkJhB/ skJh jod:/o wkM/..
(fJ; tk;s/ fdb T[BQK dh Ekj gk jh BjhI ;fenk.)
gzfvs B/ d{ih ;so gVQ e/ fejk - e[VhJ/, j[D w?I okidopko ftu pfj; eoB eh ikDk< sz{ w/o/
x[wzv Bz{ fdb d/ frnkB ftu pdb fdsk i' j[D se f;o ftu ;h. j[D w/ok o;sk e'Jh j'o
j?.
fJe ;akw eth ngD/ ewo/ ftu fJeZbk p?mk ;h. T[;Bz{ fJe e[Vh :kd nkJh fi; Bkb T[j
pugB ftu y/fvnk eodk ;h. T[; Bz{ eftsk ftu T[skofdnK fbydk j? - nukBe fit/I e'Jh
;o;okjN w/o/ B/V/ nk rJh. w?I T[;d/ ;kjK dh wfje gSkD frnk, T[;d/ nkT[D dk nfj;k;
j'fJnk. w?I g[ZfSnk - d{ih d[BhnK ftu'I sz{ tkg; gos nkJh j?I e[VhJ/< e[Vh p'bh - fe; e'b
nktK tkg;< eth B/ g[fSnk eh w?I fJE/ BjhI< eh s?Bz{ w?I fdykJh BjhI fdzdk< fco nktkia nkJh
- Xosh T[go fijVk w/ok ;h, T[j w/o/ pugB dk ;kEh ;h fJe fBek fijk. fJ; ewo/ ftu
T[j sK fes/ BjhI. w?I g[ZfSnk - eh T[j fes/ BjhI< fJe jbeh nktkia fco ;[Dh - T[j T[E/ j?
fiE/ w?I jK. j'o fes/ BjhI fdZf;nk.
eth gfotko d/ ;ko/ ih fJe fJe eoe/ ftSV rJ/. fJe Xh puh ;h e/tb, fJ; Xh dk
fJeb"sk g[Zso iowBh ftu w"s Bkb x[b fojk ;h. wK f;ojkD/ p?mh ;h. g[Zso dh w"s j'Jh,
nrb/ fdB T[;dh wK th ub t;h. fJj ;kok e[M oth bJh ;fjB eoBk w[;eb pD fojk
;h. T[; B/ nkgDh fojkfJ;a pdbDh F[o{ eo fdsh. nZi fJE/, eZbQ T[E/, fi; EK nZi ;[Zsk,
eZbQ T[E/ BjhI oj/rk. nkyao c?;bk ehsk fe fwZNh dk eZuk ewok T[;ko e/ T[; ftu ofjDk j?.
id'I fwNh Bkb fwNh j'D dk w"ek nk jh fojk j? B/V/, c/o/ gfjb'I feT[I Bk fwZNh d/ ftueko
fxo ikJhJ/. p;, p/u?Bh s'I w[es j'D d/ o;s/ ;B ;ko/.
ebeZs/ s'I rhs BkNeK dh :ksok T[so tb tXdh tXdh fdbh sZe g[Zih. T[BQh fdBh rKXh ih
fdbh ftu ;B. T[BQK Bz{ d[y j'fJnk fe J/Bh tZvh T[wo/ N?r'o Bz{ ;aKshfBe/sB tk;s/ XB fJeZmk
eoB dk e;aN MZbDk g? fojk j?. T[BQK B/ ;Zm jiako dk u?e d/ e/ fejk - @@j[D nkokw eoB
dh T[wo j? r[od/t. tkg; ikT[.##
go T[BQK Bz{ feskpK ftu'I fBeb e/ wzu T[go s[odk fcodk nkoN d/yDk uzrk bZrD bZr fgnk
;h.feq;aBk feqgbkBh B/ fbfynk- ;aKs fus fJe gk;/ p?m/ d/yd/ ofjzd/, Bk do;ae tKr, Bk
nkb'ue tKr, fJT[I brdk j[zdk fit/I fJe gk;/ ouBk ;kfynks j?, d{i/ gk;/ ouBk dk d;sys
p?mk j?.
65
;kb 1937, ;odh B/V/ B/V/ ;oedh nk ojh ;h. d; ;szpo dh ;akw, e[o;h s/ p?m/ p?m/ p/j';a
j' rJ/. T[d'I N?bhc'Bk dh ;[ftXk BjhI ;h. ebes/ vkeNoK sZe ypo eofdnK eofdnK d/o j'
rJh. e'Jh fpwkoh BjhI ;h, mhe fbyd/ gVQd/ ;B. eh j' frnk nukBe< ;'bK gfjo p/j';ah
d"okB w"s ns/ ihtB ftueko bNed/ oj/. c/o ;fji/ ;fji/ j';a nkJh. fJ; xNBk fgS'I nmkoK
eftsktK dh wkbk SgtkJh fi;dk Bkw @gqKfse# oZfynk. fJBQK eftsktK ftu t?okr iK d[y BjhI
j?. eth fit/I jo/e nB[Gt s'I ;[szso j' frnk j't/, fbfynk, @@wzu T[go godk T[fmnk, wzu
T[go e[M BjhI ;h. godk frfonk, c/o th e[M BjhI ;h, Bk f;azrko, Bk f;azrko eoB tkb/.
eth Bz{ edh edkJhI p/u?B eoB tkb/ ;[cB/ nkT[Id/. fbfynk - @@fJe tko w?I d/fynk, ebeZsk
bVyVKd/ edwk Bkb fe;/ gk;/ ikD tk;s/ s[o fgnk. jiakoK o";aBhnK fJe d{ih Bz{ nZr/
XedhnK ik ojhnK ;B. fJNK dhnK ft;akb fJwkosK r?IfvnK tKr s[o gJhnK, fyVehnK s/
dotki/ cVcVkD bZr/. rbhnK ;okbK tKr s[o gJhnK fiBQK ftueko pZ;K, ekoK, NokwK fvrD
bZrhnK. piko dhnK d[ekBk B;a/ ftu NZbh ;aokph tKr ;a'o eodhnK, bVdhnK d/yhnK. j?oh;B
;Ve Bz{ ngD/ wro wro Xoz{jdk j'fJnk jktVk g[b tv/ fpS{ tKr fdZf;nk. gkrb j'fJnk
;kvk ;e{b ;G s'I nr/ GZiD bZrk, rfDs s/ ftnkeoD dhnK feskpK T[; s'I th nZr/ fBeb
rJhnK. eo'VK b'e uhe/ - fJ; gkrbgB Bz{ o'e'. T[J/ ebeZs/, sz{ d; sK d/j feXo uZfbn?I<
ocasko d/ B;a/ ftu u{o ebes/ d/ ezBk sZe ntkiK g[ZihnK Jh BK. T[; dh BZuD dh fJSk
ekoB yzG/ ns/ ezXK p/u?B j' rJhnK. w?I ;'uD bZrk, ebeZs/ B/ i/ fdbh nkro/ iK bkj"o ikDk
j? c/o fJ; Bz{ gZr pzBQDh s/ i[Zs/ gfjBD/ ukjhd/ B/. i/ fJ; dk c?;bk fJzrb?Iv ikD dk j? c/o
N'g, ;{N s/ p{N gfjB bt/. c/o fJe Xwkek j'fJnk. w/oh nZy y[ZbQ rJh. ebesk jw/;a tKr
ebeZs/ ftu ;h.##
gzi ngq?b 1940 Bz{ ;hHn?cH n?IfvqT{ia dk ebeZs/ ftu d/jKs j' frnk. eth d/ fdb T[go fJe
j'o ;ZN. ;aoXKibh fdzfdnK fejk - fe;/ j'o pzd/ ftu fJ; soQK dh ;o/;aN Jh;kJhns w?I BjhI
d/yh. n?IfvqT{ia fejk eodk ;h - wjkswk, nzro/iaK Bz{ rkbK d/D dh s[jkBz{ e'Jh b'V BjhI.
s[jkvh EK fJj ezw w?I eodk ojKrk.
N?r'o B/ nzro/iah ftu ;G s'I tXhe yas n?IfvqT{i Bz{ fby/ jB. n?IfvqT{i B/ y[d fJBQK dk ;zrqfj
nkgD/ fiT[Id/ ih Sgtk fdsk ;h fi;dk NkJhNb j? - b?Noia N{ J/ co?Iv . fJT[I gqshs j[zdk j?
fit/I N?r'o Bz{ fJe nfijk fwZso fwb frnk ;h fi; nr/ T[j fdb d/ ;ko/ ojZ; gqrN eo
;edk ;h. n?IfvqT{i dk fdb nBzs fwjopkBhnK Bkb bpo/ia ;h fi; ekoB Gkos ftu T[;dk
Bkw dhBpzX{ g? frnk ;h. n?IfvqT{i dh w"s fgS'I eth ih ne;o efjD br gJ/ ;B - w?I j[D
xkN dhnK g"VhnK T[go p?mk jK, wbkj Bz{ T[vhe fojK fe nrb/ gko w?Bz{ th b? uZb j[D.
nke;c'ov :{Bhtof;Nh B/ 7 nr;s 1940 Bz{ eth Bz{ nkBo/oh vhH fbNH dh fvroh d/D dk
c?;bk ehsk. Gkos dh ;[gohw e'oN d/ T[; tes d/ iZi ;o w"fo; rt/no, vkH okXk feq;aBB
ns/ ebeZsk jkJh e'oN d/ iZi B/ nke;c'ov dh gqshfBXsk ehsh. fJj ;BwkB ;aKshfBe/sB
ftu gqdkB ehsk frnk. fJ; ;zdoG ftu o'iaB;NhB dh fJj fNgDh fdbu;g j?, @@cke;
;N/Bt/ia dk ftuko ;h fe nke;c'ov iK e?Ipfoi, d'tK ftu'I e'Jh :{Bhtof;Nh N?r'o Bz{ ;BwkfBs
eo/. id'I T[;B/ fJ; pkps bkov eoiaB dh ;bkj bJh sK tkfJ;okfJ eoiaB B/ fejk - Gkos
ftu N?r'o Bkb'I tZv/ pzd/ w"i{d jB. w?I j?okB ofj frnk fe T[; s'I tZvk j'o e'D j' ;edk
j?. N?r'o dh ;kfjs f;oiDk s'I fJzrb?Iv fJT[I w[eo ikJ/rk, fJj ikDe/ d[y j'fJnk. j[D w?I
;wM frnk fe fJzrb?Iv B/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ gokfJnk w[be ;wM fbnk j?.##
26 ;szpo Bz{ T[j fpwko j' rJ/. fJ; tes T[j efbzgKr gjkVh T[go nkokw eo oj/ ;B.
id'I sZe ebeZs/ s'I vkeNo BjhI nkT[Id/, T[d'I se dkoihfbzr d/ f;ftb ;oiB e'b p/Bsh ehsh
fe T[j wjKeth dh iKu eoe/ dtkJh d/t/. T[j pVh p/o[yh Bkb g/;a nkfJnk. s[o sK fgnk,
go nke/ g[fSnk - fJ; Bz{ nzro/iah nkT[Idh j? wkVh w'Nh< fJj ;kok e[M do;k fojk ;h fe
nzro/ia GkoshnK Bkb'I y[dpy[d fezB/ d{o j' u[Ze/ jB. iKu eoe/ fejk fe fevBh yokp j?.
tvk nkgq/;aB eoBk gt/rk. eth d/ ;/teK B/ nkgq/;aB BjhI eoB fdsk. fJzB/ Bz{ ebeZfsUI
vkeNoK dh Nhw g[Zi rJh.
wjkswk rKXh tb'I T[BQK dk ;eZso wjKd/t fpwko g[o;ah bJh nkfJnk s/ df;nk fe rKXh ih
d[y ftu rq;s jB s/ s[jkvh f;js tk;s/ gqkoEBk eod/ jB. eth Bz{ T[uk ;[DB bZrk ;h s/
iapkB v'b ojh ;h. bkuko T[j d/;kJh tb d/yd/ oj/, rZb Bk j'Jh, nZyK ftu'I jzM{ Nge gJ/.
66
T[BQK dh Bz{j i' fJ; t/b/ T[E/ ;/tk ftu jkiao ;h fbydh j?, @@ihtB ftu w?I gfjbh tkoh eth
dhnK nZyK ftu nEo{ d/y/. T[BQK dk nkgD/ fdb T[go J/vk ipod;s ekp{ ;h fe tZvhnK
tZvhnK ;ZNK MZbD tes jzM{ BjhI v/frnk. nZi T[BQK Bz{ d/ye/ fJT[I bZrk, pzBQ N[ZN u[Zek j?,
dfonk wBwoiah Bkb fiXo ukj/rk ikJ/rk.##
Btzpo d/ F[o{ ftu T[j fco s'I szdo[;s j' rJ/ s/ fBehnK fBehnK xNBktK Bz{ T[;/ soQK d/yD
bZr/ fit/I jw/;a s'I d/yd/ nkJ/ ;B. frnkoK Btzpo Bz{ @@u{edh fuVh## eftsk fbyh. fJj fuVh
fyVeh Bkb orVe/ uz[i ;kc eodh, fJXo T[Xo s/iah Bkb eZ[ddh, nkgDh frZbh g{S fjbk fjbk
ufjujkT[Idh s/ eth Bz{ g[fSnk eodh - w/o/ tk;s/ eh ypo j? s[jkv/ e'b <
oks dk e;aNdkfJe iroksk
bzwk j' iKdk j?.
w?I s/oh gfjbh ufjujkN T[vhedk ofjzBk.
sz{ w/o/ bJh F[G ;zd/;a ns/
fdB dk ukBD b?e/ nkJ/Irh fgnkohJ/ fuVhJ/,
U w/ohJ/ u{edhJ/ fuVhJ/.
fp;so/ T[go b/N/ eth Bz{ T[BQK dh ;/tk ftu bZrhnK e[VhnK id'I nkydhnK, @@;aKs b/N/ oj',
fiankdk rZbK BjhI, E'Vk e[ ykDk j'o ykDk gt/rk,@@ sK jZ; g?Id/. fijVhnK e[VhnK nZi jdkfJsK
ikoh eo ojhnK jB ni/ eZbQ sK w/o/ xo d/ e'B/ ftu r[ZvhnK gN'fbnK Bkb y/fvnk eodhnK
;B.
nkgD/ e'b pZfunK tk;s/ fwZmhnK r'bhnK dh ;ah;ah iK ukeb/N iao{o oyd/. e'Jh pZuk pr?o
rZbK ehfsnK, pr?o e[M ykfJnK ubk ikJ/, eth Bz{ g;zd BjhI ;h. fJZe ntkok e[Zsk eth dh
e[o;h j/m nk p?mk. i'o bk fbnk, pkjo fBebD s'I fJBekoh j' frnk. xo dk w?Ipo pD
frnk. eth d/ B/V/ nk e/ yb' iKdk, id'I f;o gb'; fdzd/, c/o e[o;h j/mK u[g eoe/ p?m
iKdk. fJ; w;skB/ e[s/ T[go eftsk fby fdsh @ykbh e[o;h#.
ewia'oh d"okB T[BQK Bz{ rb?e;' dh y[oke fdsh iKdh i' S'N/ pfunK bJh j[zdh j?. y[oke J/Bh
d/Dh j[zdh ;h fizBh d' wjhfBnK d/ pZu/ Bz{. dtkJh ykD pkd g[Sd/ - j[D w?I fezB/ wjhfBnK dk
j' frnK< nkJ/ rJ/ Bz{ ne;o g[Sd/ - eh s[jkv/ xo d/ ftjV/ ftu wj{J/ dk doyas j?< i/
BjhI sK p{Nk bk b?. id'I tZvk j'fJnk, d/yhI, ;[v"b ;zEkb n"osK fJ; d/ c[b u[D e/ e/jh riap
dh ;aokp fsnko eoBrhnK. w/oh p/oh d/ izp{ p/o yk e/ d/y/< wzrtkT[IBk. d/fyU fezB/ o;hb/.
fbfynk L
w?I ikD frnK ;Zu pkps.
;Zu em'o j?.
fJ; em'osk Bz{ eodk jK fgnko
feT[Ife fJj X'yk BjhI fdzdh.
T[;dhnK eftsktK rfjohnK sK j[zdhnK rJhnK go ifNb BjhI. t/d tkeK fijh ;kdrh d/y' L
gfjb/ fdB d/ ;{oi B/ g[fSnk -
BthI f;q;aNh dh p[Zeb ftu e"D j? sz{<
e'Jh T[Zso BjhI fwfbnk.
:[r phs/, nyhob/ fdB d/ nkyoh ;{oi B/ ;akwh g[ZfSnkL
e"D j?I sz{<
e'Jh T[Zso BjhI.
;Zs nr;s 1941 Bz{ d[gfjo T[;/ xo ftu eth B/ gqkD fsnkr/ fiE/ T[;dk nZ;h ;kb gfjbK
iBw j'fJnk ;h. ;"D wjhB/ dh g{oBwk;h dk fdB ;h. ni/ e[M fdB gfjbK fJj rhs oue/
fejk ;h - fJ; Bz{ w/o/ ub/ ikD fgS'I rkfJU L
;kjwD/ ;aKs fuZs ;w[zdo fpokiwkB j?.
67
j/ wbkj, fe;ash s'o
sz{ jh sK j? w/ok fJe' fJe ;zrh
%%%
feskp Gzvko d/ wkbe B{z w?A fejk N?r'o ouBktbh d/ d' ;?ZN ukjhd/ jB ih. fJe nzro/}h dk
d{ik fjzdh dk. N?r'o pkps feskpK BjhA ukjhdhnK. N?r'o dh w"fbe ouBk G/fiU. nzro/}h dk
th T[j ;?ZN ukjhdk j? fijVk T[;B/ nkg soiwk ehsk ;h. j'o nB[tkdeK dhnK feskpK BjhA
ukjhdhnK. jcs/ e[ pkd w/o/ e'b feskpK g[Zi rJhnK fiBQK ftu fJe w?sqh d/th fbys- X{JhA_
bkr/ N?r'o (N?r'o pkJh ckfJo-;kJhv) th ;h. w?A fejk- id'A s[jkB{z nky fdsk ;h fe;/ j'o dh
fbyh feskp BjhA ukjhdh N?r'o pko/, fco fJj feT[A gk fdsh w/o/ yks/ ftu ykjwykj< T[;B/
fejk- gVQe/ d/y'. pj[s tXhnk feskp j?. w?A g[ZfSnk- s[;hA gVQh j? fJj< jZ; e/ efjD bZrk-
feskpK t/uD tkb/ ns/ bkfJp/qohnB, feskpK BjhA gVQd/ j[zd/. T[BQK B{z fJj io{o gsk j[zd? fe
fejVh feskp tZX gVQh ik ojh j?.
feskp gVQB F[o{ eo fdZsh. vkH ;[o/AdoBkE dk; r[gsk dh Xh fJj b/yek nkgD/ vkeNo gsh
Bkb fjwkbhnk izrbK ftueko pD/ ;oekoh pzrb/ ftu wz[rg[o ofjzdh ;h. N?r'o d/ d';s,
dk; r[gsk ;aKsh fBe/sB ftu cb;ck gVQkfJnk eod/ ;B. d/th ns/ T[;dk gsh ne;o efjzd/
ofjzd/- rowhnK ;kv/ mzY/ xo ftu fpskfJnk eo' r[o{d/t. jK nkyd/ s/ w[;eok fdzd/. T[wo d/
nyhob/ uko ;kb rowhnK d/ wjhB/ d/th e'b fpskJ/. fJBQK uko d"fonk d/ fposKs T[;B/
nkgDh fJ; feskp ftu doi ehs/ jB. pkeh ihtBhekoK B/ ;dhnK gfjbK d/ fJ; ykBdkB dh
y'i eoB fgS'A T[;dk ihtB fpT{ok fdsk. fJ; phph B/ ;kjwD/ p?m/ N?r'o dk Be;ak pDkfJnk.
;o'QA fe;B/ phih, e'jb{ fe;dk ;h, fwNh dk dhtk fe; x[fwnko B/ pDkfJnk nkfde t/ot/ BjhA
fds/. i's ;kjwD/ j?, T[; pkps fbfynk.
d/th, eftsoh ;h. N?r'o B/ fejk- s/ohnK eftsktK uzrhnK jB. s{z w/o/ T[go e'Jh rhs feT[A
Bjha fbydh< d/th p'bh- s[jkv/ T[go fbyDk e'Jh ;"yk ezw j?< fby ;edh, io{o fbydh. eth
B/ fejk- w/o/ T[go rhs fbyDk eh n"yk j?< BZuD bZr ikU s/ rkJh ub', U othAdokHHH U
ethAdokHHH (j/ ;{oiK d/ ;{oi, j/ ethnK d/ ethHHH), p; rhs pD frnk, w/o/ pkps fbyDk
w[;aeb BjhA e'Jh. s/ok fdb BjhA eodk.
d/th dh Xh y/vdh y/vdh d"Vh nkT[Adh s/ eth dh r'd ftu p?m e/ nkydh- rhs ;[DkU pkpk.
fgSbh T[wo/ fby/ pkbrhs rk e/ ;[DkT[Ad/. fJe rhs ftu wK nkgD/ pZu/ Bkb rZbK eo ojh
j? L
s{z w/o/ s'A eJh tko g[fSn?
fe s{z feE'A nkfJnk w/o/ bkb.
fBeh T[wo/ id'A r[ZvhnK gN'fbnk Bkb y/vdh
T[BQK r[ZvhnK ftu s{z j[zdk ;h w/o/ pZu/.
s/oh BkBh Bkb id'A w?A d/ts/ dh g{ik eoB iKdh
;kvk d'tK dk d/tsk s{z jh j[zdk ;h w/o/ bkb.
i[nkB T[wo/ id'A fdb dhnK gzyVhnK y[bQD bZrhnK
T[BQK gzyVhnK d[nkb/
y[Fp{ pDe/ s{z jh T[vdk ;h w/o/ bkb.
jB/oh oks ftu'A pkjo nkT[D bJh
g{op ftu fit/A ;{oi wubdk j?
s{z th ukBD ftu nkT[D bJh wufbnk w/o/ bkb.
s{z s/ ;{oi fJeZm/ izw/ ;T[ w/o/ pZu/.
s[z s/ ;{oi i"V/ Gok j' w/o/ bkb.
68
edh edkJh fJ; e[Vh B{z eth nky fdzdk- nZi e'Jh rhs BjhA w/o/ e'b. T[j nkydh- mhe j?.
c/o Nkch fdT[. N?r'o jZ; e/ d/th B{z nkydk- w/o/ ;o's/ fJj' fij/ ukjhd/ B/ fiBQK tk;s/ rhs
ns/ Nkch fJe' rZb j?. rhs BjhA j? sK Nkch, Nkch BjhA j? sK rhs.
d/th B{z fejk- g?ZB fdT[. e[M fbyhJ/.wfjzrk g?ZB fbnk fdZsk. ekriK T[go e[M fbyD bZrk,
g?ZB mhe soQK ufbnk BK. go eth fit/A fst/A fbydk fojk. d/th B/ g?ZB mhe soQK cVkT[AfdnK
fejk- N/Yk cV ofyn? r[o{d/t. J/; soQK ubkT[. jZ; fgnk- gSZso ;kb j' rJ/ B/ fbyfdnK.
j[D se g?ZB cVBk BjhA nkfJnk w?B{z, j[D eh ;[Xko eo/_Arh e[VhJ/< j[D feE/ f;ZyD i'rk jK
e[M<
feE/ w?A, feE/ N?r'o, T[; pko/ fet/A_ feskp fbyKrh, fJj ;'udh j'Jh w?sqh d/th B/ fJ; feskp d/
gfjb/ toe/ T[go N?r'o dh eftsk dk jh pzd fby fdskL
fBeh s/qb p{zd B/ ;{oi B{z fejk-
s?B{z r'd ftu f;oc n;wkB b? ;ed? U ;{oi,
w?A sK s/ok ;[cBk b? ;edhnK p;.
jzM{ j? w/ok fBek ihtB, s/o/ pr?o.”
;{oi B/ fejk- w?A o";aBh dk jVQ jK,
sK th i/ ukj/A_ sK fBehJ/ p{zd/,
fgnko d/ ;zrb Bkb pzBQ ;edh j? s{z w?B{z.
rZbK eodk eth d/ydk, fJj e[Vh e[M fbyh ik ojh j?. g[ZfSnk sK d/th B/ fejk- s[jkv/ ihtB
pkps fbyKrh, s[jkvhnK rZbK B'N eodh ofjzdh jK. eth B/ fejk- :kdK d/ ski wjZb, e[sp
whBko T[;koB dk e'Jh ckfJdk BjhA e[VhJ/. w"s dh t/dh T[go fBozso pbhdkB dk Bkw fIiazdrh
j?.
eth B/ dZf;nk- rhsKibh ns/ pkbrhs dk nzro/iah nB[tkd eoe/ w?A bzvB b? frnk. ethnK,
dko;afBeK, b/yeK B{z ;Zdk fdZsk s/ eftsktK gVQhnK. ;[De/ ;ko/ iD/ u[g ukg tkg; ub/
rJ/.fe;/ B/ e'Jh fNZgDh BjhA fdsh. w?A pj[s p/u?B j'fJnk. nzro/}h nkT[Adh BjhA, c/o w?A fJj
gzrk feT[A b? fbnk< pzrbk ftu fizBh fJZ}s fwbh eh T[j ekch BjhA ;h< nkgD/ jZEhA nkg
p/fJ}sh eotkJh. d' fszB fdB s/ oksK fJT[A p/u?Bh ftu phshnK. fco c'B nkT[D bZr gJ/.
fumhnK fwbD bZrhnK. b/ye nke/ fwbD bZr/, fejk- ;kB{z T[; fdB fJT[A_ bZfrnk fit/A tZvh
o{j n;wkB ftu_'A T[so e/ ;kv/ ftueko p?m rJh j't/. ;kB{z fJspko Jh Bh ;h nk fojk.” w?B{z
pkd ftu gsk bZrk fe s[os c[os fBzd d/Dk, cNkcN dkd d/ d/Dh, r'fonK dk fJ; soQK dk
;[Gkn BjhA. nkgD/ nkgD/ fNekfDnK s/ gose/ ;ko/ fJe d{i/ B{z d;d/ g[Sd/ oj/ fe w?B{z jh
fJj e'Jh eokwks bZrh, fe s[jkv/ T[s/ th fJj' n;o j'fJnk< c?;bk j'fJnk fe eth dhnK
fbysK B'pb ;ftZ; nekdwh d/ ftukoB tk;s/ G/ihnK ikD.
N?r'o B/ d/th B{z g[ZfSnk- s?B{z y[ZbQhnK eftsktK fet/A brdhnK jB w?sqh< d/th B/ fejk- petk;.
fijVh eftsk rkJh Bk ik ;e/ T[j eh eftsk j'Jh< ;kfonK ;kjwD/ eth B/ nkgDhnK y[ZbQhnK
eftsktK ;[DkJhnK. ;G B/ dkd fdZsh, d/th B/ th. N?r'o B/ jZ; e/ fejk- jko rJh Bk w?sqh<
s{z Szd-w[es eftsk d/ fybkc ;h< d/th B/ fejk- id'A w?A Szd w[es eftsk ;[DBh ukjKrh sK
N?r'o d/ j'A_m feE'A fbnkfJnk eoKrh< fJj y[bQh eftsk BjhA r[o{d/t, ft;atkswk dh nktk} j?.
eth jZ; fgnk- s{z ftiJh ofjDk ukj[zdh j?A sK fJj' ;jh.
N?r'o d/ B"eo B{z d/th B/ g[ZfSnk- s{z ftnkj BjhA eotkfJnk pDwkbh< e'Jh e[Vh g;zd BjhA
nkJh< pDwkbh B/ fejk- nkJh ;h fJe e[Vh g;zd. ofjzdh th B/V/ Jh ;h. T[;dh s/ w/oh
M'AgVh ftueko fJe fgzv nkT[Adk ;h p;.
N?r'o jZ; fgnk- d/fynk w?sqh< e'Jh eth, eo ;ed? fJ; soQK dh rZb fit/A pDwkbh B/ ehsh<
fJe fgzv nk frnk d'tK ftueko. i/ pDwkbh eth Bk j[zdk sK J/Bk ;wK w/o/ e'b B"eoh fet/A
eodk< w/oh e[o;h T[E/ fNekT[ w?sqh. nzfwqs t/b/ T[E/ p?fmnk eoKrk. uVQd/ ;{oi dh o';aBh fJ;
doys ftu'A_ dh id'A_ SD e/ nkJ/rh, w?A j}ko BdhnK ftu shoE fJ;aBkB eoKrk.
e[dos dhnK eo'ghnK d/ydk j'fJnk T[j nkydk- fJjB{z Xow rqzEK dh gotkj BjhA, e'Jh vo G?
BjhA, wkbe dhnK gkpzdhnK B{z s'Vdh d"Vh iKdh j? prkts eoe/. e[dos B{z ;kX{nK dh
69
sgZf;nk dk ;fseko BjhA. T[;dhnK MKioK ftu ;zrhs BjhA, skesto y"cBke ;a'o j?. Bk}e
i'pBtzsh nkgD/ gZb/ Bkb dht/ B{z pukT[Adh pukT[Adh fit/A_ ;fji/ ;fji/ s[odh iKdh j?, fJ; soQK
dh BjhA j? e[dos. s{ckB fJ; dh u[zBh T[vke/ b? rJ/ B/. GZih iKdh j? Bzr/ f;o, fybo/
tkb.
X[zdK dk godk T[mkJ/rk wz[rg[o,
nkJ/rk Bu//rk rkJ/rk ozrg[o.
(w[zrg[o s'A id'A X[zd go/ jNh sK Budk rkT[Adk ozrK dk d/; gqrN j't/rk.)
fco eth B/ fejk- fiBk e[M ihtB ftu fwfbnk, w"s pj[s E'VQk e[ y'j gkJ/rh T[; ftu'A. mhe
j?, oth mke[o dk vokwk pzd j' ikt/rk sK th w[zrg[o dhnK BhbhnK tkdhnK ftu ;zg{oD
toswkB g;fonk oj/rk. fJ;dh T[gwk ftu w?A ;koh T[wo rhs rkJ/. s[jkvhnK nZyK d/
;kjwD/ BK ;jh, nZyK d/ fgS/ sK w?A ojKrk Jh ojKrk. rhs fbfynk- ihtB dk p[Zs N[N
ikJ/rk nkyo. o';aBh ns/ goSkt/A dh :kd pkeh pu/rh fJe fdB. fit/A e'Jh dkBh, w/b/ ftu
wfmnkJh tzvdk fcodk j't/, fJT[a w?A nkgD/ rhs ;z;ko ftu tzvdk fcfonk. jZE ftu e"vhnK
cVh yb'sk jK pZu/ tKr j[D. oE T[go ;tko wkbe w?B{z b?D tk;s/ nkJ/rk. s[jkB{z fgS/ puh
rod fd;/rh e/tb.w/ok fi;w j[D vrwrk fojk j?. ;[DB' jN frnk j?. fi;B/ ezB fds/ i/
T[j tkg; b? frnk, c/o frbk fe; rZb dk< i/ nZyK ofjD d/t/ sK uzrh rZb j?. T[;dh
;[zdosk fit/A w?A wkDh s/ fbyh, T[; soQK e"D d/y/rk w/o/ pkd< e[dos nkgDh jh i/p feT[A
e[sodh ofjzdh j? w?sqh <
fJE/ ofjzfdnK fJe tko eth p/j';a j' frnk. fszB fdB j';a BjhA ;h nkJh. n?Ap{b?A; ftu
ebeZs/ ik oj/ ;B sK o;s/ ftu j';a nk rJh, efjD bZr/- eh j? fJj< pzd fgzio/ ftu w?B{z
feE/ fbik oj/ j'< w?B{z e[M BjhA fd;dk. i'sh pkp{ B/ fejk- “;kB{z th fJE/ e[M BjhA fd;dk
N?r'o s'A fpBk.” w[;ekT[AfdnK p'b/- s[jkB{z e[M sK fd;dk j?. w?B{z sK e[M th BjhA fd;dk.
ebeZs/ d/ n?B ftueko i'Vk;Ke' tvh iZdh jt/bh ;h. fJj jt/bh ft;at Gkosh B{z dkB eo
fdZsh. fgsk B/ S/ J/eV iawhB ;afjo d/ feBko/ yohdh. fJSk ;h fe tZv/ gfotko d/ ihn, g[Zso,
itkJh ;ko/ fJE/ pzrb/ T[;koe/ ofjDr/. fJj ;aKsh fBe/sB B{z dkB eo fdsh ;h. Nkb;NkfJ B/
nkgDh ikfJdkd ftu'A fjZ;/ ;wki GbkJh ;z;EktK B{z dkB d/D/ ukj/ ;B sK gfotko ftu
}pod;s fto'X j'fJnk ;h. N?r'o gfotko d/ fe;/ w?Apo B/ fJsok} BjhA ehsk, fJj gfotko
nihp ;[GkT[ tkbk ;h.
nkgD/ w/}pkBk B{z eth d;dk j?- fgsk ih B/ fJe tko w?B{z fejk- ikj nkgD/ ckow dh
fBrokBh eo. feskpK u[Ze e/ T[E/ b? ik. c;b gZeh sK nk ikJh_. T[E/ y/sK ftu p?mk gVQdk
fbydk ofjzdk. fJe fdB tkg; ebeZs/ nkT[D dk c?;bk ehsk sK sKrk nk frnk. ;wkB bZd
fbnk, ftdkfJrh tes fJe fJe eoe/ wId{o Bw;eko eoB nkT[Ad/ rJ/. fJe wiad{o fJj
efje/- }ok o[eDk ;kjp w?A nkfJnk, d"V frnk. nkgDh M"gVh ftu c'bkckbh eoe/ GZik
nkfJnk. w/o/ g?oK ftu uKdh dk fJe o[gJhnK oZy e/ wZEk N/e fdZsk. w?A fejk- fJj Bh j'
;edk. Bw;eko mhe j?. o[gJhnk u[Ze b?. wiad{o jZE i'V e/ yVQk j' frnk, efjD bZrk- s[;hA
;kv/ s'A i/ o[gJhJ/ b?D/ pzd eo fdZs/ sK c/o ykUAr/ eh wkbe. nB/e rqzE w?B{z fJ; sohe/ rZb
BjhA ;wMk ;ed/ fit/A wiad{o B/ ;wMkJh.
eth B/ fejk- w?sqh :kd j? w/ok rhs< w?A fbfynk ;h- ihtB, :Zr dh nrBh ftu ;[ZNh nkj{sh
tKr j?.e[M pkeh BjhA pudk, ;[nkj dh w[Zmh s'A fpBk.e'Jh e'Jh ;[nkj dh w[Zmh th rZbK eodh
ofjzdh j? pzfdnK Bkb.j' iKdh j? fJj eokwks th.
“ w?sqh, id'A ifbQnK tkb/ pkr dh j"bBke ypo ;[Dh, ;koh oks ;"A BjhA ;fenk w?A. bkjBs j?
fJ; soQK d/ ihtB d/. w?A fdB uVQB s'A gfjbK gfjbK nkgDk ‘;o dk fyskp tkg; eoB
tk;s/ ys NkJhg eo fbnk. fbckc/ ftu pzd eoe/ vke ftu gk fdZsk s/ BebK nypkoK B{z
tzv fdZshnK, ;koh d[BhnK B/ fJ; ypo dk B'fN; fbnk ;h. fyskp tkg; eoB tkbh rZb w?A
fe;/ B{z BjhA ;h dZ;h. w?B{z gsk ;h i/ w?A dZ; fdzdk, w?B{z ys fbyD s'A o'e d/Dk ;h. fJ; fgS'
id'A w?A fJzrb?Av frnk, r'fonK B/ w?B{z w{zj Bjh bkfJnk. w?A g[fSnk, fJj sK pVk ;fseko eod/
j[zd/ ;B w/ok, j[D rZb Jh Bh eod/. feT[A< w?B{z dZf;nk frnk fe r'o/ nkgDh pkd;akjs dk
70
pj[s nkdo eod// jB, fJ; gZy'A pj[s i}pksh jB. s[;hA fyskp tkg; eo fdsk sK fJBQK B{z
fJT[A bZrk fit/A s[;hA fJBQK d/ ski B{z m[Zvk wkfonk j?. fJj rZb ;[De/ w?A y[;a j' frnk. fJj'
w?A ukj[zdk ;h. r'fonK B{z sK w?A Bcos eodk Jh BjhA. w?A ski dh p/fJ}sh eoB dk fJS[Ze ;K,
T[j j' rJh, mhe j'fJnk. ;[nkd nk frnk.
-fJfsjk;eko pVh rVpV eo oj/ B/. w/ok fJfsjk; fbyD br/ j'J/ B/. w/ohnK w[YbhnK
eftsktK bZG b?Ad/ B/. eJh pj[s eZuhnK fgbhnK B/. n?t/A B/ p;. id'A w?B{z fdykT[Ad/ B/, w?A efj
fdzBk w/ohnK eftsktK j?B Jh Bh fJj. w?A J/Bh xNhnk uh} BjhA fbydk. fJj s[jkvhnK
j'DrhnK. w?B{z dZ;', i/ c[Zb pkps ikDBk j't/ sK eh p{N/ B{z iV'A T[ykV e/ nfXn?B F[o{ eoKr/<
efjD bZr/- oZp B{z F[o{ s'A jh ;G e[M nkT[Adk ;h, fJj rbs j?. fJe Xwkek eoe/ T[;B/
f;oiDk sK eo fdZsh go fJj T[;B{z iuh BjhA. e/tb gjkV s/ ;w[zdo, fJj eh ouBk j'Jh<
fco T[;B/ bZyK ;kb dh fwjBs Bkb iht izs{ pDkJ/. T[jBK B{z th sok;adk fojk, fit/A opV
Bkb gfjbh beho fwNk e/ d{;oh tkjz[d/ jK. nkdwh th gfjbK pVk nDxfVnk fijk ;h p/Ypk,
j"bh j"bh nkdwh dh s;tho g{oh ehsh oZp B/. s[jkB{z BjhA gsk w?sqh. j}ko ;kb bzwK op dk
;[cBk T[d'A ;keko j'fJnk ;h id'A Xosh T[go gfjbk c[Zb fyfVnk.
w?sqh d/th fbydh j?- T[; dh e[o;h d/ fgS/ p?mh w?A fBe/ w'N/ ezw eodh ofjzdh. edh edkJh_
e'Jh eftsk, e'Jh rhs, r?oo;wh sohe/ Bkb T[j w/oh M'bh ftu ;[ZN fdzd/. w?A oZp dk p/nzs
F[eokBk eodh fe fJ; bk;kBh fJB;kB dk fXnkB w/o/ tZb th ubk iKdk j?. fJj ;kok e[M
w?B{z e'Jh eokwks brdk.
eth B/ fejk- wjKGkos dk e'Jh w[ekpbk BjhA. gZSw d/ wjKekft ftub/ BkfJeK tKr, fti/sk
j'e/ gKvt tfj;ah y[Fh Bkb Bud/ e[dd/ BjhA.j}koK f;t/ pbd/ Sv e/ T[j fjwkbk ftu
nkswxks eoB s[o g?Ad/ jB. ekwBktK dh nZr gqiZfbs j't/rh sK :[ZX j'J/rk, Xosh y{B' y{B
j'J/rh. fJ; gkg B{z X'D tk;s/ e[opkBh d/Dh gt/rh. fJ; ;zrokw ftu'A ;" ria bzwh rhsk dk
iBw j'Dk jh j'Dk ;h.
w?sqh B/ g[ZfSnk- ;zrhs ;[DfdnK fdb ftu dod feT[A g?dk j[zdk j?< eth jZ; fgnk- s{z rbs
pzd/ B{z ;tkb g[S fbnk e[VhJ/. id'A ;zrhs r?ojk}o j't/ w/ohnK nZyK sK T[d'A th v[pv[pkJhnK
ofjzdhnK B/. w?A s?B{z eh T[Zso d/ ;edK<
w?sqh B/ fbfynk, “eh w?A T[;B{z G[Zb ;eKrh< T[j ubk frnk j?. w?A nZyK ;dek d/ydh jK. w?B{z
fJj n?bkB eoB dh b'V BjhA, w/o/ e'b nZyK jB- w/o/ e'b nZyK jB, eJh tko nkb/ d[nkb/
c[ZbK dhnK fenkohnK tZb fpBK d/y/ bzx iKd/ jK. eJh tko nZyK d/ ;kjwD/ j[zfdnK th skfonK
tZb BjhA d/yd/. sko/ ns/ c[Zb fiE/ ;B, T[E/ jh jB.
%%%
N?r'o ouBktbh ftu'I gkmeK tk;s/ d/ oj/ jK @pkbe# ftu'I e[M fjZ;/. fJj ouBk T[wo d/
nyho ftu nkJh fi;dk pzrbk ftu Bkw oZfynk fFF{ s/ nzro/iah ftu The Crescent
Moon. fBe/ fBe/ fJj pkbrhs e/tb pZfunK ftu BjhI, jo T[wo d/ b'eK ftu fgnko/ j'J/.
xo
id'I ezi{; pkDhJ/ tKr ;{oi nkgDk ;'Bk S[gkT[D ftu o[fMnk j'fJnk ;h, ;akwh w?I y/s ftu'I dh
bzfxnk.
ukBD j"bh j"bh jB/o/ dh p[Zeb ftu vz{xk T[sodk frnk s/ eZNh c;b j/mbh ftXtk Xosh
ykw';a gJh ojh.
nukBe fJe y[;a pZu/ dh febekoh n;wkB tZb iKdh rz{ih. nBzs jB/o ftu, T[dk; ;akw tes
fJj o";aBh dh beho ;h fJZe.
71
;kro ezY/
nBzs ;z;koK d/ pZu/ ;w[zdo feBko/ fwbd/ jB. T[Zgo ;aKs fBowb nkek;a, j/mK p/u?B skesto
rZidk j'fJnk ;kro. nBzs ;z;koK d/ pZu/ ;kro feBko/ fwbe/ BZud/ jB, febekohnK wkod/
jB.
o/s d/ xo T[;ko e/ T[j f;ZghnK Bkb y/vd/ jB. fpyo/ gZs/ i'V i'V T[j fe;ashnK pDke/
;w[zdo ftu SZv fdzd/ jB. ;kro ezY/ y/vD tk;s/ pZfunK dhnK nkgDhnK y/vK jB.
T[BQK Bz{ s?oBk BjhI nkT[Idk. ikb ;[ZND/ BjhI nkT[Id/. w'shnK dh sbk;a ftu r'sky'o j/mK vz{xkD
ftu v[peh bkT[Id/ jB. ;"dkro ijkia m/b fdzd/ jB go pZu/ ezeo fJeZm/ eod/ ofjzd/ jB
s/ fJeZm/ ehs/ ezeoK Bz{ fco o/s ftu trkj wkod/ jB. T[BQK Bz{ yiakfBnK dh sbk;a BjhI.
T[BQK Bz{ ikb ;[ZNDk BjhI nkT[Idk.
jZ;dk jZ;dk ;kro T[uk T[mdk j?. T[;dk jk;k feBkfonK Bz{ Sz[jdk j?. wK fit/I pZu/ d/ gzx{V/
bkr/ b'ohnK rkT[Idh j?, y{Bh bfjoK pZfunK Bz{ p/wkfJB/ rhs ;[DkT[IdhnK jB.
nBzs ;z;koK d/ pZu/ ;kro ezY/ fwbd/ jB. s{ckB p/brkw j?, ijkia v[Zp oj/ jB. w"s M{wdh
fco ojh j? s/ pZu/ y/vd/ jB. nBzs ;z;ko ;kroK feBko/ pZfunK dh pj[s tvh wifb;
i[Vh j?.
pZu/ dk okj
i/ ukj/ sK nZy d/ gbeko/ ftu pZuk T[ve/ n;wkB sZe g[Zi ;edk j?. e'Jh rZb j? fi; eoe/
T[j ;kE' d{o BjhI iKdk.
wK dh Sksh T[go f;o oZye/ ;"Dk T[;Bz{ uzrk brdk j?, wK nZyK s'I go/ j'J/, fJzBk e[ th
podk;as BjhI eodk.
pZu/ Bz{ ;G ;[jD/ s/ f;nkD/ ;apdK dk gsk j? go E'V/ e[ jB fJ; Xosh T[go fijV/ T[;d/
p'bK d/ noE ikDd/ jB. e'Jh rZb j? fi; eoe/ T[j xZN p'bdk j?.
wK d/ p'b T[j wK d/ p[ZbQK s'I f;ZyDk ukj[zdk j?. fJ;/ eoe/ T[j fJzBk wk;{w j?.
pZu/ e'b ;'B/ ns/ w'shnK d/ p'jb jB go Xosh T[go T[j wzrs/ tKr nkfJnk.
e'Jh rZb sK j? fi; eoe/ T[;B/ G/; pdfbnk. fBek, BzrXVzr fJj i'rh fpbe[b bkuko j'D
dk fdyktk eodk j? sK fe wK d/ fgnko dh d"bs jk;b eo ;e/.
uzdowk d/ d/; ftu pZuk jo/e pzXB s'I w[es ;h go e'Jh rZb j? fi; ;dek T[;B/ nkiakdh
SZv fdZsh.
T[; Bz{ gsk j? wK d/ fdb ftu T[; tk;s/ nBzs y[;ahnK jB, nkiakdh Bkb'I sK uzrk j? wK
GZie/ T[; Bz{ cV bt/ s/ nkgDhnK pkjtK ftu x[ZN bt/.
pZu/ Bz{ gsk BjhI o'D X'D eh j[zdk j?. T[j nBzs y/fVnK dh tkdh ftu t;dk j?. e'Jh rZb j?
fco th fi; eoe/ T[j jzM{ v/rdk j?.
T[;d/ fgnko/ j'mK dh w[;ekD tZb wK fyZuh s[oh nkT[Idh j?. sK th fpBk fe;/ rZb d/ id'I T[j
o'Idk j? sK T[j ukj[zdk j? fe wK dk fgnko ns/ jwdodh dk skDk g/Nk T[; d[nkb/
tfbnk oj/.
U wzrs/, wK dh rodD d[nkb/ pkjtK uw/Vh, d'jK jZEK Bkb sz{ eh wzr foj?I<
U bkbuh fdb, n;wkB ftu'I ;z;ko Bkw dk cb s'V e/ w?I s/oh fBeh jE/bh s/ oZy fdnK<
nozG
w?I feE'I nkfJnK < wK sz{ w?Bz{ feE'I u[Zfenk ;h<
jZ;dh, Sksh Bkb x[ZN e/ T[j nkydh -
fJSktK tKr sz{ fdb ftu dZfpnk fgnk ;?I w/o/ bkb.
id'I w?I pkbVh ;K, sz{ w/ohnK r[ZvhnK gN'fbnK ftu j[zdk ;h.
id'I rko/ dk d/tsk pDkT[Idh, T[d'I pko pko w?I s/o/ Be;a jh
pDkfJnk eodh.
id'I xo ftu d/ts/ dh g{ik j[zdh T[d'I w?I s?Bz{ g{fink eodh
don;b.
w/o/ fgnkoK, w/ohnK nk;K s/ s/oh BkBh dhnK nk;K ftu sz{
72
jh sK j[zdk ;h.
fijVh nwo o{j ;kv/ xoK s/ oki eodh j?, :[ZrK sZe
gkbdh ojh s?Bz{.
uVQdh T[wo/ id'I w/o/ fdb dhnK gzyVhnK y[ZbQD bZrhnK,
y[;ap{ pDe/ sz{ fJ; d[nkb/ uZeo eNdk j[zdk ;?I.
w?I i[nkB j'Jh, s/oh Biakes w/o/ nzrK ftu fJT[I wubh fit/I
gj[ c[Nkb/ s'I gfjbK g{op ftu ;{oi wubdk j?.
sz{ s/ ;{oi d't/I i"V/ Gok j'I w/o/ bkb, s[;hI fJeZm/ izw/.
s/ok wz{j d/ye/ w?I ft;wkfds j' ikBhnK, sz{ fijVk ;ko/ ijkB
dk yiakBk ;h, w/ok fet/I j' frnk sz{ fJeZbh dk<
fes/ r[nku Bk ikJ/I, skjhI Sksh Bkb x[ZNh oydh nK.
fe; soQK dk ikd{ ;h fJj fi;B/ d[BhnK d/ yiakB/ Bz{ oZ;/
ftu tb e/ w/ohnK Bkiae pkjK ftu fbnk oZfynk<
w/oh fJSk j? w?I T[BQK okjK s/ s[oK fijV/ w/o/ bkb d/ fdb
ftu'I fBebd/ B/.
fJfsjk; ftu fijV/ oki/ edh BjhI j'J/,
T[BQK dhnK okiXkBhnK ftu'I okid{s d"V/ nk oj/ jB ik oj/
jB, s/o/ ;[B/j/ fbikD fbnkD tk;s/ bkb.
dbhbK nkgD/ sohe/ Bkb fiE/ nkgD/ ozrK d/ gszr T[vkT[IdhnK jB,
fiE/ fgzio/ ftu pzd dbhbK Bz{ ;Zu nkiakd eo fdzd?,
sz{ T[E'I nkfJn?I w/o/ bkb.
pdBkwh
s/ohnK nZyK ftu jzM{ feT[I w/o/ bkb <
fpBk rZb s'I s?Bz{ fe; B/ fMVfenk<
s/ok wz{j s/ jZE f;nkjh Bkb fbpV rJ/ sK T[BQK s?Bz{
rzdk fejk<
uzd B/ ngDk ;kok wz{j f;nkjh Bkb Go oZfyn?,
fco T[j uzrk Bh brdk<
fpBk rZb s'I fMVed/ B/ w/o/ bkb Bz{ p/te{c.
y/vfdnK i/ ewhia gVtk nkfJn?I, c/o eh j'fJnk<
c/o T[j gsMV dh o[Zs Bz{ eh efjDr/ fijVh uhEfVnK
ftu'I dh jZ;dh j?<
s?Bz{ eh eh efjzd/ B/ b'e, fXnkB Bk d/j T[BQK tZb.
;G Bz{ gs? s?Bz{ fwmhnK uhiK g;zd B/, eh fJ; bJh s?Bz{
bkbuh efjzd/ B/ T[j<
fco ;kBz{ eh efjDr/ T[j< n;hI fejVk nkgD/ fwZm/ bkb Bz{
fgnko eoB' jNd/ nK<
y/vK
o/s/ ftu p?mk, N[ZNhnK NkjDhnK Bkb y/vdk
fJ; gqGks sz{ fezBk y[;a j?I.
w?I nkgD/ b/y/ i'fynK ftu T[bMh j'Jh jK.
edh edh sz{ w/o/ tb d/yd?I sK w?I ikD ikBh nK
fe w/o/ b/y/ s?Bz{ fezB/ c}{b brd/ B/.
NkjDhnK s/ mheohnK Bkb y/vDk w?I G[b rJh jK w/o/ bkb.
w?Bz{ wfjzrhnK y/vK, ;'B/ uKdh d/ fyv"D/ uzr/ brd/ B/.
73
s?Bz{ i' bZG ikJ/ T[;/ dh y/v pDk b?B?.
w?I ;kok ;wK ;koh skes T[BQK T[s/ brkJh i' gjz[u s'I
pkjo ;B.
nBzs ;kro ftu w/oh ewia'o fe;ash v'b ojh j?
w?I G[b rJh fe w?I th y/vK y/vdh ;K.
dkdk
w?I fejk, @@;akwh uzd id'I edzp d/ doyas dhnK NkjDhnK
ftueko nke/ c; iKd?, e'Jh cV BjhI fJ;Bz{ ;edk dkdk<##
dkdk jZf;nk, fejk, @@sz{ w{oy j?I. J/Bh d{o uzB Bz{
e"D cV/rk<##
w?I fejk - ;kBz{ y/vfdnK Bz{ u[pko/ dh pkoh ftu'I id'I wK sZe e/ w[;ekT[Idh j?, s[;hI T[jBz{ d{o
ej'r/ dkdk<
dkdk p'b/ - sz{ w{oy oj/Irk. uzd Bz{ cVB tk;s/ J/Bk tZvk ikb e"D p[D/rk<
w?I fejk - ikb dh eh b'V< jZEK ftu cV btKr/.
dkdk jZf;nk - sz{ w{oy j?I. id'I uzd B/V/ nkJ/rk T[d'I s?Bz{ gsk br/rk fe T[j fevk tZvk j?.
w?I fejk- s[jkBz{ fej' fijh gVQsh gVQk fdsh wk;NoK B/ dkdk<
wK BhthI M[e e/ id'I ;kvh fwmh b?Idh j?, T[d'I fes/ T[;dk wz{j tZvk j' iKd?<
dkdk fco jZf;nk - sz{ w{oy dk w{oy oj/Irk pZfunk.
pZdb ns/ bfjoK
pZdbK B/ w?Bz{ fejk wK- n;hI fdB oks y/vd/ ofjB/ nK. fdB Bz{ ;{oi Bkb okshI uzd Bkb.
w?I g[ZfSnk - w?I s[jkv/ Bkb y/vD fet/I nktK<
T[j p'b/ - Xosh d/ feBko/ s/ yb', n;wkB tZb jZE c?bkn, n;hI s?Bz{ u[ee/ T[vk fbiktKr/.
w?I fejk - go wK xo T[vhedh n?. w?I T[jBz{ Sv e/ fet/I iktK<
T[j j;d/ j'J/ T[v iKd/ jB.
go w/o/ e'b fJ; s'I th tXhnk y/v j? wK.
sz{ uzd j?I, w?I pZdb.
w?I s/ok wz{j nkgD/ jZEK Bkb Ye btKrk, ;kvh SZs ;kvk nkek;a j?.
;wz[do dhnK bfjoK B/ w?Bz{ fejk - fdB oks n;hI s[odhnK ofjzdhnK jK, nDikD/ okj gko
eodhnK j'JhnK, rhs rkT[IdhnK j'JhnK.
w?I g[ZfSnk - w?I s[jkv/ Bkb fet/I obK<
T[BQK fejk - Xosh d/ feBko/ nke/ yb'ik, nZyK pzd eo, n;hI nkgD/ Bkb tjk e/ s?Bz{ th b?
iktKrhnK.
w?I fejk - go wK ukj[zdh j? w?I ;akw sZe xo g[Zi ikfJnk eoK. w?I T[jBz{ SZv e/ fet/I iktK<
T[j j;dhnK j'JhnK BZudhnK j'JhnK s[o iKdhnK jB.
go w?Bz{ fJjd/ s'I th tXhnk y/v y/vDh nkT[Idh n?.
w?I bfjo pDKrk s/ sz{ feBkok pD wK.
s/oh r'd ftu w?I b'NDhnK yKdk foVQdk iktKrk
d[BhnK Bz{ gsk Jh Bh bZrDk n;hI d't/I feE/ jK.
uw/bh
coia eo w?I uw/bh dk c[Zb j[zdk, T[; NfjDh s/ bZrk j[zdk,
jtk ubdh sK M{wdk j'fJnk w?I y{p j;dk. eh sz{ w?Bz{ gSkD
b?Idh wK<
sz{ tki wkodh - feE/ j?I sz{ w/o/ bkb< w?I fdb nzdo j;dk,
pkjo'I u[g ofjzdk, gzyVhnK y'bQ y'bQ s?Bz{ d/ydk.
fJ;aBkB eoe/ frb/ e/;hI id'I sz{ uw/bh d/ p{N/ j/m gqkoEBk eoB nkT[Idh sK w/oh y[;ap{ sK s/o/
sZe nZgVdh go w/ok s?Bz{ gsk BhI ;h bZrDk fe w?I feE/ jK.
74
fdB Yb/ skeh ftu p?m e/ id'I sz{ owkfJD dk gkm eodh, uw/bh dh SK s/oh M'bh ftu p?mdh
sK w/o/ tkbh fBeh fijh SK owkfJD dh T[; gzesh T[go g?Idh fiE'I sz{ gVQ ojh j[zdh. eh s?Bz{
gsk brdk fe fJj s/o/ bkb dh SK j?<
;akwh id'I sz{ bkbN?D b?e/ gF{nK d/ tkV/ tZb iKdh sK uw/bh dh Nkjbh Bkb'I N[ZN e/ w?I Xosh
s/ T[so iKdk s/ s/oh T[Irb cV e/ nkydk - wK ejkDh ;[Dk.
sz{ nkydh- T[J/ BNyN pZu/, feE/ fojk ;h sz{ ;kok fdB<
w?I nkydk - w?I Bh s?Bz{ dZ;Dk wK, fpbe[b BjhI.
nkgK d'tK B/ fJj' rZb eoBh ;h c/o.
po;ksh fdB
izrb T[go ekb/ pZdb fxo nkJ/ jB.
pkjo BK ikJhI w/o/ bkb.
doys n;wkB Bkb NZeokA wko oj/ jB.
u[Zg eoe/ eK NkjDhnK Bkb uzwV/ M{b oj/ jB.
dfonk N[ZND Bz{ fcodk j?.
feb/ pzBQh rK ozwQ ojh j?.
o[e w/o/ bkb, w?I rK Bz{ nzdobh y[obh s/ pzBQ fdnK.
N'G/ T[Sb rJ/ s/ y/sK ftu nk rJhnK wZShnK b'e cV oj/ B/. rbhnK ftu'I dh gkDh fJT[I
s/ia d"V fojk j? fit/I fuVkT[D bJh wK dh geV ftu'I S[N e/ pZuk jZ;dk jZ;dk d"V iKdk j?.
;[D, xkN s/ e'Jh wbkj Bz{ tkiK wko fojk j?.
fdB fSg frnk j? w/o/ bkb, fe;ash pzBQ e/ wbkj ubk frn?.
pkjo Bk ikJhI w/o/ bkb. ;Ve ;z[Bh j?, o;sk fsbeDk j?. pK;K Bkb Neok Neok jtk fJT[I
rZi ojh j? fit/I izrbh ikBto ikb ftu c; frnk j't/. xo'I Bk ikJhI w/o/ bkb.
ekriah fe;ashnK
jo o'i trdh Bdh ftu ekria dhnK fe;ashnK s'odK. T[go nkgDk Bkw ns/ nkgD/ fgzv dk
Bkw fbydK. w?Bz{ gs?, fe;/ nBikD/ d/; ftu id'I w/oh fe;ash g[Zi/rh, e'Jh Bk e'Jh w?Bz{ ikD
ikJ/rk w?I e"D jK. prhu/ ftu'I s'V e/ ebh th oZy fdzBk, id'I fe;ash nrb/ d/; ftu g[Zi/rh,
c[Zb fyfVnk j't/rk.
fJXo_' w?I fe;ash SZvdK, T[Xo n;wkB ftub/ pZdb th T[Xo Bz{ s[o gJ/ jB fiXo fe;ash ik
ojh j?. w?I n;wkB ftu p?m/ nkgD/ d';s Bz{ ikDdk jK fijVk w/ohnK fe;ashnK pokpo pZdbK
dh d"V b[nkT[Idk j?. oks g?D s/ id'I w?I ;"I ikBk, skfonK d/ j/m j/m w?Bz{ w/ohnK fe;ashnK
fd;dhnK ofjzdhnK B/, BhId dhnK gohnK w/ohnK fe;ashnK ftu ;[ZshnK gJhnK ;co eo ojhnK
B/, T[BQK dhnK N'eohnK ;[cfBnK Bkb GohnK j'JhnK B/.
wbkj
wX{ wbkj B/ okirzi xkN T[go nkgDh fe;ash pzBQ oZyh j?.
w ' N/ oZ;/ Bkb pzBQh j'Jh fJj fe;ash w[ZdsK s'I fJt/I p/eko gJh j?. i/ w?Bz{ T[j fJj fe;ash d/
d/t/, w?I fJ; Bz{ ;" uZg{nK Bkb ubktK, gzi, S/ iK ;Zs pkdpkB pzBQK. p/eko piakoK tZb fpbe[b
Bk fbiktK. gohnK d/ ;Zs ;w[zdo s/ s/oK dfonK gko eoK.
w?Bz{ :kd eoe/, e'B/ ftu p?m e/ o'JhI BK wK.
okwuzdo tKr w?I e'Jh u"dK ;kb pDtk; eZND E'VQk uZfbnK.
w?I sK ejkDh ftubk okie[wko j'tKrk. i' woiah fe;ash ftu Godk ikT{Irk. ngD/ d';s nF{ Bz{
th fbikT{Irk. w"iK Bkb n;hI ;Zs ;w[zdo s/ s/oK dfonk gko eoKr/. ;t/o/ iok ibdh fe;ash
m/bKr/. id'I d[gfjo t/b/ sz{ Mhb feBko/ fJ;aBkB eodh j'J/Irh, T[d'I sK n;hI niBph oki/ d/
d/; ftu gj[zu th ikD?. fsog[oBh dk xkN bzxe/ n;hI s/gzso wko{Eb NZg iKr/.
tkg;h tes B/oQk g? ;ed?, w?I s?Bz{ ;co dhnK ;G rZbK ;[DktKrk wK. ;Zs ;w[zdoK s/ s/oK
dfonktK d/ ;cao dhnK rZbK.
75
c[ZbK dk ;e{b
id'I B/oQhnK n;wkB S[jD s/ i{B wjhB/ pZdb fSVekn eo ikD g{op tZb'I f;ZbQh jtk pK;K d/
izrb ftu'I pz;ohnK tikT[Idh nkT[Idh j?. nukBe c[ZbK dh GhV iwQK j' iKdh j?, gsk BhI feE'I
nkT[Id/ jB, nkT[D ;ko BZuD bZr g?Id/ B/. wK w?Bz{ brd? Xosh j/m c[ZbK dk ;e{b n?. p{j/
pzd eoe/ T[j ngD/ gkm :kd eoh iKd/ B/ s/ i/ e'Jh c[Zb S[Nh j'D s'I gfjbK GZi ikt/,
wk;No T[;Bz{ e'B/ ftu yVk j'D dh ;iak fdzdk j?.
po;ks d/ fdBh c[ZbK Bz{ S[ZNhnK j[zdhnK B/.
izrbh NkjDhnK nkg' ftu NeokT[IdhnK B/, gZs/ M{wd/ B/,
pZdb skVhnK wkod/ B/ s/ r[bkph, ghbhnK, ;c?d todhnK gfjB e/ c[Zb-pZu/ BZm/ nkT[Id/ B/.
s?Bz{ gs? wK, T[BQK dk xo n;wkB ftu T[E/ j? fiE/ sko/ B/, sz{ d/fynk BhI nkgD/ xo ikD
tk;s/ T[j fezB/ ekjb/ B/< s?Bz{ Bh gsk J/Bh ekjbh ek; dh j? T[BQK Bz{<
ngDhnK pkjtK T[j T[go n;wkB tZb feT[I T[bkod/ B/, gs? s?Bz{< fit/I w/oh wK j?, T[BQK dh th
sK wK j? fJe.
;[dkro
fJj ;'u wK fe s?Bz{ xo ofjDk gt/ s/ w?Bz{ niBph d/;aK ftu ;cao eoBk gt/.
;'u fe w/oh ;wkB Bkb Goh fe;ash feBko/ s'I s[oB tkbh j?. ;'u e/ dZ; wK, w?I s/o/ bJh eh
fbnktKrk.
s?Bz{ ;'B/ d/ p'jb ukjhd/ B/ Bk wK<
;[Bfjoh BdhnK d/ feBko/, ;'B/ Bkb y/s Go/ sK gJ/ jB g{o/. izrbh vzvhnK T[go uzgk d/ c[Zb
fybo/ j'J/ jB.
eJh ;" N'eohnK c[ZbK dhnK Goe/ w?I fe;ash ftu oZy bKrk.
wK s?Bz{ tv/ tZv/ w'sh th ukjhd/ B/ Bk< gsMV dh o[Zs dhnK w'NhnK eDhnK fiZv/<
w?I w'shnK tkb/ Nkg{ T[go T[soKrk. nzfwqs t/b/ uorkjK ftu T[E/ c[ZbK T[go w'sh BZud/ jB,
c/o w'sh xkj s/ fvr g?Id/ B/, s/ ;w[zdo d/ feBko/ o/s T[go sK nzsK d/ w'sh gJ/ B/.
nkgD/ Gok tk;s/ fbnktKrk yzGK tkbk x'Vk fi; s/ p?m e/ T[j pZdbK s'I T[go dh T[v/rk.
fgsk tk;s/ fbnktKrk ikd{ dk g?ZB, fgsk Bz{ gsk th Bh bZfrnk eoBk, g?ZB nkgD/ nkg fbyh
ikfJnk eo/rk T[j ;kok e[ZM i' fgsk B/ fbyDk ;h y[d.
s/o/ tk;s/ fbnktKrk wK itkjoks dh Goh ;zd{eVh, ehwsh J/Bh fe ;Zs okfinK dhnK
okiXkBhnK pokpo.
dfJnk
s/ok g[Zso BK j'e/ i/ w?I fBZek es{ok j[zdk s/ Ekbh ftu puh gJh s/oh i{mh p[oeh ykD brdk,
eh sz{ c/o fMVe fdzdh w?Bz{< @@dck j' ik es{fonk##, fJj efje/ eh Gik fdzdh sz{ w?Bz{<
sK c/o ikj wK, w?I th id'I p[bkJ/Irh BjhI nktKrk. w?Bz{ ykD Bz{ e[M dJ/Irh BjhI yktKrk.
s/ok pZuk Bk j'e/ i/ w?I fBZek jok s'sk j[zdk, c/o wK sz{ w?Bz{ pzd eoe/ oydh fe fes/ w?I T[v
Bk iktK d{o<
ngDh T[Irb w/o/ tZb eoe/ eh sz{ fJj nkydh, @@e/jk BkF[eok Yhm s'sk j?, ;kok fdB uz[i
Bkb fgzio/ dhnK ;hyK eZND dk :sB eodk ofjzd?.##
mhe n? c/o wK. w?I izrb tZb T[v iktKrk. s/ohnK pkjtK ftu w[Ve/ nktKrk Jh Bh c/o w?I.
tZvk S'Nk
wK s/oh S'Nh Xh fpbe[b p/te{c n?. T[jBz{ e'Jh gsk BhI fe rbhnK ftubh o";aBh skfonK tkbh
o";aBh torh BjhI j[zdh. id'I n;hI T[j y/v y/vd/ nk id'I ezeo ;kvhnK foT[VhnK j[zd/ B/, T[j
fJBQK Bz{ n;bh foT[VhnK ;wM e/ ykD brdh n?. id'I feskp y'bQ e/ w?I T[jBz{ T{Vk nkVk
gVQkT[D brdK, fpBk rZb s'I MZgNk wko e/ T[j toek gkV fdzdh j? s/ fcao j;dh j?. gkm
:kd eoB dk fJj sohe? T[jdk.
76
id'I w?I r[Z;/ Bkb f;o fjbkBk, T[jBz{ fMVedK, T[jBz{ efjBk fe ;aokosK pzd eo, T[j j;dh j?
s/ fJj T[; bJh p; y/v j? fJe. ;G Bz{ gs? fgsk ih d{o B/, go id'I w?I nukBe T[uh d/Dh
efj fdzBk @@fgsk ih!## T[j fJXo T[Xo d/yD brdh j? fit/I fgsk ih J/E/ Jh B/.
X'ph eZgV/ b?D nkT[Idk j? sK ngD/ Bkb d' pKdo fbnkT[Id?. w?I pkdoK dh ebk; bk b?Bk. w?I
fJjBz{ pko pko d;dK fe w?I ;e{b wk;No nK, go fJj w{oyK tKr w?Bz{ efjzdh j? - thok.
s/oh Xh uzd Bz{ cVBk ukj[zdh n?. rD/;a Bz{ T[j rD{;a efjzdh n?. fJj' fijh p/te{c e[Vh j'o
e"D j'J/rh, feE/ j'fJrh wK<
tZvk nkdwh
jkb/ w?I S'Nk jK feT[Ife jkb/ sK w?I pZuk jK. id'I w?I fgsk fiZvk j' frnk, T[d'I w?I tZvk j'
iktKrk.
wk;No nk e/ ej/rk - fbnk, ;b/N s/ feskpK b? e/ nk. nZr/ Jh pVh d/o j' rJh n?.
w?I T[jBz{ dZ;Krk - s?Bz{ fd;dk BhI j[D w?I fgsk ih fiZvk j' frnK< j[D w?Bz{ gVQB dh G'ok b'V
BhI.
j?okB j'fJnk wk;No p[Vp[V eo/rk - jK, j[D sK i/ fJj feskpK go/ oZy d/t/ sK th mhe n?.
j[D fJj tZvk j' frn? Bk.
nkg/ ngD/ eZgV/ gfjB e/ w?I GhV Go/ w/b/ ftu ubk iktKrk. GZik GZik ukuk nkJ/rk s/ ej/rk
- T[J/ fJj eh eo foj?I sz{< r[zw j' ikJ/Irk GhV ftZu feXo/. w?I s/o/ Bkb uZbz{rk.
w?I ejKrk - s?Bz{ fd;dk BhI ukuk< w?I fgsk fivk tZvk j' frnK, j[D w?I fJeZbk iktKrk w/b/
ftu.
ukuk ej/rk - jK pJh rZb sK mhe Jh n?. tZvk j' frn? j[D fJj, fJeZbk th ik ;ed? fiE/
fdb eo/.
r[;bykB/ ftu'I nkT[Idh wK d/y/rh fe pN{nk y'bQ e/ w?I fyvkth Bz{ g?;/ cVkT[D bZrK.
wK ej/rh - T[J/ fJj eh ;aokosh bVe/<
w?I ejKrk - w?I tZvk j' frnK, fd;dk Bh wK< j[D w?I ihjBz{ woiah fizB/ woiah uKdh d/ o[gJhJ/
fdnK.
wK ej/rh - rZb sK mhe j?. id'I j' Jh frnk tZvk, c/o woih Bkb g?;/ sK d/D/ Jh j'J/
fJjB/.
nes{po dhnK S[ZNhnK ftu gkgk id'I fwbD nkT[Dr/, w/o/ bJh fBe/ fBe/ fyv"D/, fBe/ p{N ns/
fBehnK o/;awh cokeK fbnkT[Dr/. w?I ejKrk - gkgk fJj fe;/ j'o Bz{ d/ fdT[, w?I sK s[jkv/
fivk tZvk j' frnK.
gkgk efjDr/ - fJj sK ukj/ nkgD/ eZgV/ j[D nkg yohd ;ed?. tZvk j' sK frn? fJj j[D.
nzs
ikD dk ;wK j' frn?. j[D w?I ikD? wK. wzih T[go'I w?Bz{ u[ZeD bJh id'I sz{ pkjtK c?bkJ/Irh, w?I
ejKrk - s/ok bkb j? Bh fJE/ wK, w?I uZfbnK. w?I jtk dk fJe p[Zbk pDe/ s?Bz{ S[jKrk. Bdh
s/ fJ;aBkB eoB ikJ/Irh sK w?I bfjoK pD e/ pko pko s?Bz{ uz[wKrk. oks Bz{ id'I sV sV
gZfsnK T[go eDhnK fvrDrhnK, j;dk j'fJnk fpibhnK Bkb w?I s/o/ e'b pkoh EkDh dh nk
iktKrk.
nkgD/ bkb Bz{ T[vhedh Bz{ i/ s?Bz{ BhId Bk nkJh, w?I skfonK ftu p?mk rhs rktKrk- ;"'ik wK
;"'ik. fgnkoh wK ;"'ik. uzd dhnK fo;awK EkDh T[so e/ w?I s/oh Sksh s/ b/N iktKrk, ;[Zsh Bz{
s?Bz{ gsk th Bk br/rk. ;[cBk pDe/ w?I j"bh d/e/ s/ohnK gbeK ftu dh s/o/ nzdo ubk
iktKrk wK. ikrD ;ko id'I sz{ fJXo T[Xo BiaoK okjhI w/oh sbk;a eo/Irh T[d'I i[rBz{ pD e/ w?I
T[v th u[fenk j'tKrk, rtKY d/ pu/ id'I BZuDr/ rkT[Dr/, w?I ;zrhs pD e/ s/o/ fdb nzdo
T[soKrk. g{ik ;wZroh b?e/ ukuh nkJ/rh s/ g[ZS/rh- feE/ j? s/ok bkb < Xhwh nktkia ftu sz{
ej/Irh- w/ohnK nZyK dhnK g[sbhnK ftu. w/o/ fi;w ns/ w/oh o{j ftu.
77
ykBkpd';a gzSh
rowhnK dh o[s/ ykBkpd';a gzSh w/ohnK pkohnK ftu p?m e/ rhs rkT[Id/ jB s/ fco T[v iKd/
jB. gsMV d/ ghb/ gZfsnK e'b rhs BjhI j[zd/, T[j jT[ek b?e/ MV iKd/ jB.
%%%
n? ykBkpd';a ;z;ko, w/o/ ;apdK T[go ngD/ edwk d/ fB;akB SZv ikj.
%%%
;z;ko nkgD/ fgnko/ ;kjwD/ id'I nkgDk Bekp T[sko fdzdk j?
sK fJj rhs fizBk S'Nk ns/ uz[wD fivk nBzs j' ikdk j?.
%%%
Xosh d/ jzM{nK ;dek c[bK dh w[;ekB ekfJw j?.
%%%
ft;akb wko{Eb, xkj dh fJe gZsh d/ fgnko ftu pb fojk j?. gZsh BKj ftu f;o fjbke/
jZ;dh j? s/ T[v iKdh j?.
%%%
;{oi v[pD t/b/ i/ jzM{ tjkT[D br/, fco s[jkBz{ sko/ th BjhI fdZ;D/.
%%%
s[jkv/ okjK dk o/sk s[jkE'I rhs wzrdk j?, Budk j'fJnk gkDh s[jkE'I s/ia ukb wzrdk j?. eh
s[;hI fJjBk ngkjiK dk Gko u[e bT[r//<
%%%
T[;dk T[s;[e fujok oks dh po;ks tKr w/o/ ;[cfBnK dk fgZSk eodk j?.
%%%
fJe oks ;[cBk nkfJnk fit/I n;hI niBph j'JhJ/.
ikr nkT[D s/ gsk brk n;hI sK fJe d{i/ Bz{ fgnko eoB tkb/ jK.
%%%
fit/I doysK dh ykw';ah ftu ;akw S[g iKdh j?, T[dk;h T[t/I w/o/ fdb dh ;aKsh ftu S[gh p?mh
j?.
%%%
r?aph T[IrbK w/o/ fdb dhnK skoK fJT[I fjbk ojhnK jB fit/I jtktK bfjoK Bz{ nkr/ s'odhnK
jB.
%%%
- s/ok ;a'o eh nkydk j? U ;kro<
- nBzs gq;aB.
- s/ok eh itkp j? n? n;wkB<
- nBzs ykw';ah.
%%%
T[sgsh dk ojZ; oks d/ jB/o/ tKr wjkB j?.
frnkB d/ G[b/y/ ;t/o dh X[zd tKr T[bM/ j'J/ jB.
%%%
fJ; ;t/o nkgDh pkoh ftu'I pkjo d/y fojK. w[;kcao tKr ;z;ko w/o/ e'b osk e[ o[e e/ f;o
M[ekT[Idk j? s/ s[o iKdk j?.
%%%
w/ohnK gkrb fJSktK w/o/ rhsK ftu th uheK wkoh iKdhnK jB wkbe. sK th, w?Bz{ ;[DBhnK
sK g?DrhnK jh.
%%%
w?I fpjsohB dh u'D BjhI eodk. fpjsohB B/ w?Bz{ u[D fbnk j?.
%%%
78
n;hI yVyV eod/ gZs/ jK fijV/ jB/ohnK d/ ;tkbK d/ itkp jK. s[;hI e"D j' i' rZb Jh BjhI
eod/<
## - n;hI sK fBwkD/ c[b jK ih p;.##
%%%
jo o'ia skia/ c[b G/i e/ oZp nk; eodk j? n;hI F[eokBk eohJ/. ;{oi uzd G/i e/ T[j ;kE'I
e'Jh nk; BjhI eodk.
%%%
gZfsnK ftueko Bzr/ pZu/ tKr y[;a y/vdh o";aBh ;'u BjhI ;edh fe nkdwh M{m p'b fdzd?.
%%%
U ;z[dosk, nkgD/ nkgBz{ fgnko ftu sbk;a eo, ;ha;a/ dh y[;akwd s'I pu e/ ofj.
%%%
- sz{ fe; dh T[vhe eo foj? uzdowK<
- ;{oi Bz{ Bw;eko eoe/ T[; bJh o;sk SZvDk j?I w?I.
%%%
doys w/o/ u[pko/ dh pkoh sZe fJT[I T[u/ T[m oj/ jB
fit/I rz[rh Xosh dhnK dphnK ykj;aK.
%%%
oZp nkgDh BthI ;t/o d/y e/ j?okB j' iKdk j? jo o'ia.
%%%
;[Zek dfonk nkgD/ G{sekb dk F[eokBk BjhI efonk eodk.
%%%
gzSh dk ih eodk j? w?I pZdb j'tK. pZdb ukj[zdk j? w?I gzSh pDk.
%%%
MoBk rkT[Idk j? - id'I w?Bz{ nkiakdh fwbh, p; T[dhI w?Bz{ rhs bZG frnk.
%%%
ezw eki eodh n"os id'I xo ftu s[oh fcodh j?, fJT[ brdk j? fit/I gZEo rhfNnK ftu'I dh
Bdh s[oh fcodh j't/.
%%%
gZSw ftu n;s j'D s'I gfjbK ;{oi, g{op Bz{ ;bkw eoBk BjhI G[Zbdk.
%%%
sz{ rZb sK e'Jh BjhI ehsh, p; w[;ekJh ;h osk e[. fJ;/ dk w?Bz{ w[Zds s'I fJzsiako ;h.
%%%
wZSh ;w[zdo ftZu ;aKs j?. gF{ Xosh T[go eb'b eo oj/ jB. gzSh nkek;a ftu T[vd/ rhs
rk oj/ jB.
wB[y ftu ;kro dh ;aKsh, Xosh d/ eb'b ns/ nkek;a dk ;zrhs j?.
%%%
sko/ i/ s[jkBz{ i[rB{nK tKr brd/ jB sK skfonK Bz{ fJ; rZb dh e'Jh fuzsk BjhI.
%%%
F[eokBk j? s/ok wkbe fe w?I ;aesh d/ gjhnK ftu'I BjhI, T[BQK ftu'I jK fijV/ fJjBK gjhnK j/m
e[ub/ rJ/.
%%%
wB fsZyk j? go tZvk BjhI fJ; eoe/ EK EK y[G iKdk j?, s[odk jh BjhI nZr/.
%%%
s/ok p[Zs N[ZN e/ o/s ftu fpyfonk sK ;kps j'fJnk oZp dk o/sk s/o/ p[Zs s'I wjkB j?.
%%%
;ah;a/ d/ b?Ig Bz{ w'wpZsh B/ id'I Gok fejk sK b?Ig r[Z;/ j' frnk.
79
id'I uzd uVQ nkfJnk sK b?Ig T[; Bz{ efjD bZrk - G?D, w/oh fgnkoh G?D.
%%%
;w[zdoh gzSh bfjoK Bz{ fwbe/ T[go T[v iKd/ B/ s/ bfjoK fgS/ jN iKdhnK B/, T[t/I nkgK fwb/
ftSV/.
%%%
w/ok fdB phs frnk. xkN ezY/ pzBh fe;ash tKr j[D w?I bfjoK dk Bku d/ydk jK.
%%%
ihtB ;kBz{ fwb frnk. ewkJh T[;Bz{ ejKr/ id'I fsnkr fdZsk.
%%%
s{cakB ibdh s'I ibdh S'N/ s'I S'N/ okj sbk;adk d"Vdk j?.
fiE/ ik g[Zidk j? T[E/ ik e/ ;'udk j?- fJE/ sK w?? nkT[Dk Jh Bh ;h.
%%%
w/oh ;aokp w/o/ fgnkb/ ftu'I gh fwZso.
id'I fJj fe;/ d{i/ fgnkb/ ftu T[bN fdzB/ nK sK MZr dh ezrDh N[ZN iKdh j?.
%%%
nkgD/ nkgBz{ g{oh soQK f;azrko e/, ;zg{oBsk nX{o/ Bz{ fgnko eodh j?.
%%%
oZp pzd/ Bz{ nkydk j? - s/ok fJbki eoBk ;h fJ; bJh d[y fdZsk.
w? s?Bz{ fgnko eodK fJ; eoe/ ;iak fdZsh.
%%%
xkj d/ fBe/ p{N/, s/o/ g?o sK fBe/ fBe/ jB go sz{ ;koh Xosh nkgD/ edwk j/m Ye bJh j?.
%%%
fyVB ;ko ebh y[;ah ftu febekoh wko e/ nkydh j? - w[oMk Bk ikJhI fgnko/ ;z;ko.
%%%
tZvhnK tZvhnK ;bsBsK ;Ekgs eodk eodk oZp EZe iKdk j?.
jo o'ia Bt/I Bt/I fBe/ fBe/ c[Zb G/idk fpbe[b BjhI Eedk.
%%%
MoBk rkT[Idk j? - fgnk;/ Bz{ p/;ae E'V/ e[ gkDh dh b'V j? go y[;ah Bkb w?I ;ko/ dk ;kok
fdnKrk.
%%%
nBzs nBzd dk T[j c[jkok feE/ j? fiE'I c[ZbK d/ dfonk tr s[o/<
%%%
beVjko/ B/ nkgD/ e[jkV/ d/ d;s/ tk;s/ oZ[y s'I bZeV wzrh.
o[y B/ gq;zBsk Bkb bZeV d/ fdsh.
%%%
Xz[d dk x[zv eZYh, pko;a ftu iKdh ftXtk ;akw dk jT[ek w?I nkgD/ fdb dh fJeKs ftu ;kca
;[fDnk.
%%%
d[BhnK Bz{ rbs wbs gVQB fgS'I n;hI nkyd/ jK fJj E'y/pkia j?.
%%%
;w[zdo feBko/, edh izrbK ftu, eth nkgDh nktkia bGdk fcodk j?.
%%%
jo pZu/ dk iBw ;kps eodk j? fe oZp nkdwh s'I ni/ fBok; BjhI j'fJnk.
%%%
xkj Xosh T[go nkgDh GhV bGdk j?. doys nkek;a ftu ngDh fJeKs Gkbdk j?.
%%%
r?aph nZr feE/ pb ojh j? fi; ftu'I skfonK d/ uzfrnkV/ fybo/ <
%%%
80
B/eh eoB dk fJS[e dotki/ s/ d;se fdzdk j?. fgnko eoB tkfbnK tk;s/ dotki/ y[ZbQ/ jB.
%%%
- sz{ feE/ j?I cb <
- w?I s/o/ fdb ftu jK c[Zb.
%%%
so/b pz{d B/ Mhb Bz{ fejk - sz{ w/o/ s'I tvh so/b pz{d j?I G?D.
w?I eztb d/ gZs/ T[go M{N/ b? ojh jK, sz{ gZs/ Bkb bNe ojh j?I.
%%%
ebkeko e[dos dk nk;ae j? fJ; eoe/ T[j e[dos dk wkbe th j? r[bkw th.
%%%
fwnkB y[zYk j?, fJ;/ eoe/ sbtko dh s/ia Xko puh ofjzdh j?.
%%%
gZfsnK dk iBw s/ w"s dk s/i x/ok T[; tZv/ uZeo dk fjZ;k jB fijVk j"bh j"bh skfonK
Bkb x[zwdk j?.
%%%
gb dk ;a'o nBzs ;zrhs tZb BZe ukVQdk j?.
%%%
ekb/ ozr dk pZdb ;aofwzdrh Bkb n;wkB d/ e'B/ ftu ik yb'sk.
uVQd/ ;{oi B/ ngDk ;[Bfjoh w[eN T[;/ d/ f;o s/ oZfynk.
%%%
s[od/ ikT[, c[b u[rD bJh o[e' Bk, fiXo ikUr/ skia/ c[Zb o;s/ ftu fyVd/ ikDr/.
%%%
iVQK Xosh ftu c?bhnK NkjDhnK jB. NkjDhnK jtk ftu bfjokT[IdhnK iVQk jB.
%%%
gsMV d/ d[nkb/ p;zs dk ;zrhs nkgDk g[okDk nkbQDk bGdk fcodk j?.
%%%
G[Zb/ ft;o/ fdBk dhnK :kdK w/o/ d[nkb/ fJT[I fbgNhnK j'JhnK jB fit/I g[okD/ o[y d[nkb/ t/bK.
%%%
rz{{i w nktkia dk wz{j fuVke/ nkydh j? - n;bh w?I jK.
%%%
e[M pzd/ oZp dhnK nfijhnK fwjopkBhnK dk fiaeo eod/ jB fe oZp ;aofwzdk j' idk j?.
%%%
;{oi e'b o";aBh dk ;kdk fbpk; j?. pZdb nkgD/ nkg Bz{ ;akjkBk fbpk; ftu bg/Nd/ ofjzd/
jB.
%%%
gjkV pZfunK dhnK febekohnK tKr jB fijV/ skfonK Bz{ cVB tk;s/ pkjtK T[go c?bkT[Id/
jB.
%%%
;[cBk gsBh tKr j? i' rZbK eo/rk.
BhId gsh tKr ykw';a d[y T[mkJ/rh.
%%%
v[pd/ fdB Bz{ uz[w e/ oks T[;d/ ezB ftu nkydh j?-
w?I w"s jK s/oh wK. s?Bz{ BtK iBw fdnKrh.
%%%
pkia ;'udk j? i/ wZSh Bz{ gkDh ftu'I pkjo eZY e/ fdyktK fe w?dkB fezB/ ;[jD/ jB sK T[j
pj[s y[;a j't/rh.
81
%%%
oks B/ ;{oi Bz{ fejk - uzd okjhI sz{ w/o/ e'b gq/w gZso G/idk j?I.
xkj T[go ftS/ jzM{nK okjhI w?I T[BQK ysK dk itkp fdzdh jK.
%%%
jE"fVnK dhnK ;ZNk BjhI, Bud/ gkDhnK dk ;zrhs gZEo rhfNnK Bz{ r'b ns/ w[bkfJw pDkT[Idk
j?.
%%%
;afjd dh wZyh c[Zb dk o; u{;e/ XzBtkd eoB bJh T[; d[nkb/ gfoeowk eodh j?. jzekoh
fssbh ukj[zdh j? c[Zb w/ok XzBtkd eoB.
%%%
gZsk id'I fgnko eoB bZr/, c[b pD iKdk j?.
c[b id'I pzdrh eoB br ikJ/, cb j' iKdk j?.
%%%
iVK doys dhnK NkjDhnK Bz{ cbK Bkb Go fdzdhnK jB
go NkjDhnK Bz{ fJj BjhI efjzdhnK fe ;kvk F[eokBk eo'.
%%%
nZXh oks tes s{ckB fJT[I brdk j? fit/I fe;/ d?Is dk pZuk p/tesk ikr e/ y/vD bZr ikJ/.
%%%
bcai B/ ezw Bz{ fejk - s?Bz{ d/ye/ w?I ngD/ ;ZyD/gD s/ ;aofwzdk j' ikBk.
ezw B/ bcia Bz{ fejk - s/o/ pr?o w?I fezBk rohp jK.
%%%
;ZukJh d/ fbpk; ftu e'Jh B[e; BjhI j[zdk go ebgDk nkgD/ fbpk; ftu nkokw Bkb s[odh
fcodh j?.
%%%
w?Bz{ fJ; rZb s/ gZek :ehB j? fe n;wkB ftub/ skfonK ftu'I fJe nfijk j? fijVk w/oh
fe;ws fB;afus eodk j?, w/oh nrtkJh eodk j?.
%%%
;dhnK d/ T[dk; yzvoK ftu'I fJj fJe nktkia, fNeh oks w?Bz{ ne;o ;[DkJh fdzdh j? - @@w?I
s?Bz{ fgnko ehsk ;h.##
%%%
nZr dhnK bkNK d/ fb;aeko/ w?Bz{ puD dh skVBk th eod/ jB s/ nZr w/o/ nr/ fwzBsK th
eodh j?- oky j/m dp/ nzfrnko wo oj/ jB, p[M oj/ jB, puk bJ/Irk w?Bz{<
%%%
jbeh y[;ap{ fGzBh g"D s'I oZp dh skes dk gsk brdk j?, jB/ohnK s'I s{ckBk s'I BjhI.
%%%
;[cB/ ftu uhiK fJXo T[Xo fybohnK gJhnK jB.
id'I ikr fgnk T[d'I fJBQK Bz{ fJeZmhnK eoe/ ;[o ftu eo fdnKrk.
%%%
ykw';ah ftu s[jkvh nktkia ;[oZfyns j? fit/I nkjbD/ ftu ;[Zs/ gzShnK d/ rhs ;[oZfyns jB.
%%%
oks u[g u[ghs/ c[Zb fyVk iKdh j? s/ ;t/ok, tXkJhnK, F[eokB/ ep{bdk j?.
%%%
e[ub/ b'eK dhnK fbysK gVQe/ je{ws nkydh j?- fJj b'e BkF[eo/ jB.
%%%
toyk dhnK pz{dk B/ Xosh Bz{ u[zfwnk s/ j"bh d/ e/ fejk- n;hI s/o/ s'I ftZSVhnK s/ohnK pZuhnK
jK s/ ;[orK s'I tkg; nkJhnK jK. ;kBz{ nkgDh r'd ftu ;wk b? wK.
%%%
82
NNfjD/ B/ skfonK Bz{ fejk- ftdtkB d;d/ jB fe fJe fdB s[jkvh o";aBh p[M ikDh j?.skfonK
B/ e'Jh itkp BjhI fdZsk.
%%%
i' w?Bz{ wip{o eo ojh j?, eh fJj w/oh nkswk j? i' pkjo nkT[Dk ukj[zdh j? iK fe fJj
ft;at-nkswk j? fijVh nzdo nkT[D bJh dotki/ s/ d;se d/ ojh j?<
%%%
S'N' posB ftu fgnk gkDh fb;aedk j? go ;w[zdo dk gkDh jB/ok j?. fBe/ fBe/ ;Zu ;kca
fd;d/ jB, tZvk ;Zu nBzs ykw';ah j?.
%%%
nkgD/ fgnkfonK ftu tzvD tk;s/ ;kv/ e'b fBehnK fBehnK uhiK jB. tZvhnK uhiaK sK ;ko/
ijkB bJh jB.
%%%
fit/I ;w[zdo B/ Xosh x/o oZyh j?, n"os d/ jzM{nK B/ ;z;ko x/fonk j'fJnk j?.
%%%
jZ; e/ XZ[g w/ok ;[nkrs eodh j?.
T[; dh T[dk; G?D pko;a w/o/ Bkb fdb dhnK rZbK eodh j?.
%%%
fijVk pzdk B/ehnK eoB ftu ;kok fdB o[Mk ofjzdk j?, B/e pDB tk;s/ T[; e'b ;wK BjhI
j[zdk.
%%%
gkbs{ e[Zsk ;wMdk j? fe ;kok ;z;ko T[; s'I T[;dk y[Zvk y'jD dhnK ftT[IsK xVdk ofjzdk j?.
%%%
sD/ j'J/ XB[y Bz{ sho B/ fejk - w?Bz{ nkiakd eo fdT[ j}{o.
w/oh nkiakdh ftu s[jkvh nkiakdh th j?.
%%%
fBok soe d' Xko/ uke[ tork j? fi;dk w[Zmk Bk j't/.
fJ; Bz{ tosD tkbk jZE bj{ b[jkD j't/rk.
%%%
;z;ko, ;[zdosk d/ ;zrhs Bkb ;kfXnk j'fJnk s[ckB j?.
%%%
S[j e/ j' ;ed? s[;hI wko fdT[. d{o ofjD Bkb j' ;ed? s[;hI jk;b eo bt'I.
%%%
fi; n;wkB B/ ;t/o ;ko ;G sko/ r[nk bJ/, c[Zb T[; Bz{ o' o' e/ d;dk j? fe w/ok so/b
s[gek r[nku frnk.
%%%
;{oi ;akw Bz{ id'I gZSw ftu v[Zp fojk j[zdk j?, g{op dk ;t/ok ;po eoe/ d/ydk ofjzdk j?.
%%%
gq;za;k w?Bz{ ;aofwzdk eo fdzdh j? feT[Ife fJ; nZr/ w?I wzrsk jK.
%%%
;op'sw fJeZbk BjhI nkT[Idk. ;ko/ T[; Bkb nkT[Id/ jB.
%%%
oZp dk ;Zik jZE fdnkb{ j?, yZpk ysoBke.
%%%
w/o/ T[dk; fynkb, w/o/ s'I nkgD/ Bkw g[S g[S e/ w?Bz{ szr eod/ jB.
%%%
83
MZyV T[; d[yh d/ts/ dk o[dB j? fi; dk fgnko Xosh B/ ep{b BjhI ehsk.
%%%
uzd nkgDk ukBD ;ko/ ;z;ko ftu tzvdk j? go ngD/ dkr ;hB/ Bkb bk e/ oydk j?.
%%%
X{nK n;wkB s/ uVQ e/, ;[nkj Xosh s/ fvr e/ ;a/yh wkod/ jB - n;hI nZr d/ G?D Gok jK.
%%%
bVyVkT[Id/ ewia'o fynkb', w/o/ s'I vo'I Bk. w?I ;akfJo jK.
%%%
fJj gops Gbk c[Zb tork BjhI< nkb/ d[nkb/ gjkVhnK dhnK gzyVhnK X[Zg gh ojhnK fd;dhnK
jB.
%%%
fBZek c[Zb fwZNh ftu o[fbnk fgnk j?.
fssbh d/ fgS/ fgS/ T[vD bZrk ;h.
s[oB tk;s/ gfjbK edw T[go T[mkDk j?, c/o j/mK oZyDk j?.
%%%
X[ZgK ns/ c[ZbK dh p'bh sK w?I ;wM iKdk jK,
w?Bz{ d[y d/ ns/ w"s d/ p'b ;wMD dh ;Zfsnk th sK fwb/ !
%%%
fijVk c[Zb okshI gfjbK jh fyV fgnk ;h, gqGks B/ id'I T[; dh fwZmh bJh, c[Zb B/ jT[ek
fbnk, ezfpnk, iawhB T[s/ fvr fgnk.
%%%
s/o/ feBko/ w?I niBph tKr T[sfonk, s/o/ xo wfjwkB tKr fojk, s/ok do j[D fwZso tKr SZv
e/ uZfbnK w/ohJ/ XoshJ/.
%%%
fdB dk ezw w[ek fbnk j?. nkgDhnK pkjK Bkb w/ok fujok Ye wK. w?Bz{ ;[cB/ b?D d/.
%%%
n;hI fJ; ;z;ko d/ T[Bk e[ fuo t;Bhe j[zd/ jK fizBk fuo n;hI fJ;Bz{ fgnko eod/ jK.
%%%
w?I s?Bz{ fJT[I d/fynk fit/I ;[sBhIdk pZuk ;t/o t/b/ gb e[ Go wK tZb d/y/, c/o ;"I ikJ/.
%%%
ihtB ed/ BjhI Eedk, fJj ikDB bJh w?Bz{ pko pko woBk gt/rk.
%%%
;t/o ;ko ufjed/ gzSh fit/I nBzd wrB j' j' s/ok BK b?Id/ B/, g[ikoh T[; soQK s/ok Bkw BjhI
b? ;edk.
%%%
iayw fwb/, iayw okih j'J/, fdB Yb/ s?Bz{ nkgD/ fi;w T[gob/ dkr fdyktKrk.
%%%
;Zu, ngD/ fto[ZX fJ; eoe/ s[ckB ykVQk eo b?Idk j? feT[Ife ngD/ phi fJ; B/ d{o d{o se
fybkoB/ j[zd/ B/.
%%%
;Zu nzsw ;apd p'b e/ u[Zg j' frnk. j[D fJj ;apd nrb/ ;apdK Bz{ iBw dJ/rk.
%%%
y[;aB;hp j? T[j fi; dh gqf;ZXh ;Zu Bkb'I tXhe BjhI fb;aedh. ykw';a oks wK torh ;[jDh,
fdB pZu/ tork u[b p[bk.
%%%
oZp fJzsiako ftu j? fe nkdwh nkgD/ pugB fizBk f;nkDk ed j'J/rk <
84
%%%
fgnko eoB t/b/ op Bk;atkB Bz{ u[zwdk j?, nkdwh nfpBk;ah Bz{.
%%%
fdB T[dk; j?, pZdb fJT[I ik oj/ jB fit/I fMVeK yke/ rZbQk_ T[go jzM{ bNekJh pZu/ s[o/ iKd/
j'D.
jtk iaywh ;z;ko tKr eokj ojh j?. go ngD/ ;y/ Bz{ fwbD sK ikDk jh gJ/rk.
%%%
fgnko ftu edh fe;/ B/ xkNk gkXk j?, w?I BhI wzBdk fJj rZb.
%%%
p/fJZias nkdwh ftiJh j'J/rk, ;po dh fJ; T[vhe dk Bkw ;fGnsktK dk fJfsjk; j?.
%%%
d[y d/y/, w"s dk gsk bZrk, y[;a jK fe w?I wjkB ;z;ko ftu fojk.
%%%
@@w?I s/o/ fgnko T[go fJspko ehsk##, w/ok nkyoh p'b fJj' j't/.
85
coKia ekcek
ekcek pkps fbyD dk c?;bk ehsk sK ;[Gkte ;h fe T[; Bkb ;pzXs ;wZroh gowkfDe j't/.
;'udk - T[; pko/ fby ;eKrk e[ZM fi; Bz{ gkme ;jh wzB b?D< iowB ;kfjs ftu ;Zs doiD
feskpK fby e/ XKe iwk d/D tkbk ;Ekgs b/ye w?e; po'd fbydk j?, @@T[; pko/ nzf;ae s"o
s/ ikD ;fenk jK. T[;dh ;zg{oBsk Bz{ d[BhnK edh ;wM BjhI ;e/rh.## ekcaek dh gfjbh
ihtBh po'd fbys j?. ekcaek pkps j[D sZe thj jiako s'I T[go feskpK fbyhnK ik u[ZehnK
jB.
;a/y ;kndh r[fb;sK d/ nkozG ftu fbydk j?, @@fbyD dh fJZSk ;h go tfoQnK sZe fJe nZyo
Bk fbfynk frnk. w/oh neb dh ;akjiakdh BhthI gkJh p?mh ojh feT[Ife T[j ;[jDh BjhI ;h.
fJe fdB T[mh, efjD bZrh - ;kndh, fbyDk F[o{ eo. w?I g[ZfSnk - fby ;eKrk e[ZM< gVQ/rk
e'Jh w?Bz{< ;akjiakdh p'bh - d/o Bk eo. ebw dtks u[Ze. fpZ;fwZbk nky ns/ fby. ;oeVk
phi, b'e rzfBnK tKr u{gDr/. rohp ekriK dh fjZe T[go ebw tkj, ;z;ko ftu j[zvhnK
tKr uZb/rk. fp;fwbk nky ns/ fby.
oZp ;Zu/ dk Bkw b?e/ fbyD sK bZfrnk jK w?I th go fJ; j[zvh dh ehws gt/rh BjhI. tko;
;akj torh jho j'o e'Jh BjhI fby ;fenk, sK th jhoK fbyhnK sK iKdhnK ojhnK. T[d'I w?I
c; iktKrk id'I w?I ekcaek dk cb;ck fpnkB eoBk F[o{ eo fdZsk. fJ; gk;/ iktKr/ jh BjhI.
T[; dh ihtB ejkDh fbydk jK. fit/I w?Bz{ T[j ;wM nkfJnk, :sB eoKrk, T[t/I ;wMk ;eK.
c/o th, fJj gqki?eN ;[y?B BjhI j?. caoKia ekcek fdwkr p"ybk d/D tkbk ;kfjseko ns/ fuzse
j?.
T[; pkps t/ot/ sK f;bf;b/tko d/D/ jh d/D/ jB, gVQB fgS'I fijVk ;zg{oB gqGkt T[; pko/ w/o/
wB ftu pfDnk, T[j fJj j? fe id'I skesto e'Jh wB[Zy ;Zu Bz{ nkjw' ;kjwD/ d/ydk j?,
T[;dk Bkw r[o{ BkBe d/t j' iKdk j? s/ ;koh T[wo d[BhnK Bz{ d;dk fcaodk j? fe fJj fezBk
;[jDk, fezBk n;uoi ns/ nBzs j?. i/ fes/ ewia'o pzd/ ;kjwD/ fJj' nBzs ;Zu gqrN j' ikt/
sK gkrb j' ikt/rk. S[gkT[D dk :sB eo/rk, y[d Bz{ th, ;Zu Bz{ th. T[j fJjh eodk fojk.
T[wo Go ekcek fpwko fojk s/ 40 ;kb dh T[wo ftu wo frnk.
T[; nzdob/ vo, p/u?Bh, T[s;[esk, wkw{bh BjhI ;B. jo/e t;s{ T[; tk;s/ eokwks ;h, jo
uhia fwZE. nkyoh ;kj sZe T[; dh jkbs nkb/ d[nkb/ pkps fJ; soQK ojh fit/I fszB ;kb dk
pZuk gfjbh tko o/b dk fJziD d"Vdk j'fJnk d/y/. T[; Bz{ nkgD/ nkg T[go edh :ehB BjhI
j'fJnk. T[j SgDk BjhI ukj[zdk ;h. T[; Bz{ uouk g;zd BjhI ;h. T[;dh gsBh d'ok fbydh j?
- T[j y[;a BjhI ;h ofjzdk. T[;dh w[;ekD ns/ T[;d/ ftnzr ysoBke j[zd/, go ;bhek J/Bk ;h
fe r[csr{ ;afjB;akj torh j[zdh. ikDeko nkT[Id/ iK niBph, tZv/ nkT[Id/ iK S'N/, T[; Bkb
rbK eofdnK fJT[I bZrdk j[zdk fit/I wywb d/ ft;akb ekbhB T[go Bzr/ g?ohI s[ohJ/. G'ok
nktkia BjhI. nBzs ;aKsh s;Zbh ns/ p/fceoh dk nkbw.
T[j ;apdK Bz{ ;kD s/ bkT[Idk, fJB/ s/ia x[wkT[Idk fe ;oe; d/ ebkeko wks yk ikD. ngD/
pkps fejk - iK sK s/ia Xko uke{ S[ohnK S[gk fdT[ iK c/o gkrb pzd/ d/ jZE pzBQ fdT[. s[;hI
w?Bz{ p'bDk s/ fbyDk feT[ f;ykfJnk< i/ rbsh eo p?m/ j' c/o w/o/ jZE feT[I Bh tYd/< iapkB
feT[I Bh eZNd/< y[d iaywh j' u[Zek jK, d[BhnK iaywh j'fJrh.
ekcek ftu'I w?Bz{ edh edkJh wB;{o fdZ; iKdk. iowB iapkB Bz{ T[;B/ T[j BtK ozr o{g fdZsk
fe iowB ;kfjs g{op ekcek s/ T[so ekcaek fjZf;nk ftu tzfvnk frnk. thjthI ;dh dh T[gi
BjhI T[j. T[; ftu'I thjthI ;dh iBw b?Idh j?. nkJhB;NhB s'I pkd ftfrnkB pdb rJh s/
ekcaek s'I pkd e'wb ebktK. d't/I iowB, d't/I :j{dh, d't/I ;wekbh, d't/I gokr ftu. d't/I Xow
d/ pzXBk s'I g{oB w[es go d'tK B/ :j{dh j'D dk ;zskg G'frnk. ekcaek T[wo Go :j{dh
wzdo (f;B/rkr) ftu BjhI frnk. T[;d/ fJe fJe tke ftu Xow, ojZ; ns/ ;"Ido: d/ dhdko
j[zd/ jB. T[j Gk;ak dh ;iktN BjhI eodk, nbzeko, rkfJp jB. gkme y[d nbzeko bk bk d/
T[;dhnK fbysK fBjkoB br iKd/ jB.
fJe tko fijVk T[;d/ ;zgoe ftu nkfJnk, T[wo Go T[;dk gqGkt G[Zb BjhI ;fenk. sgfde
dh fpwkoh Bkb fi; j;gskb ftu T[;dh w"s j'Jh, ukbh ;kb pkd e?Eh vkfJwzN T[;dk
fJbki eoB tkbh Bo; B{z fwbh s/ g[ZfSnk - e[M :kd j? fe s[jkv/ j;gskb ftu coKia
86
ekcaek Bkw dk fJe wohia nkfJnk ;h< sok;h ;kb dh pZ[Yh B/ jT[ek fbnk - T[jB{z e'Jh fet/I
G[Zb ;ed?< frDsh BjhI feB/ wohiK dh ;/tk ehsh. T[; tork e'Jh BjhI d/fynk. b'e df;nk
eod/ ;B fe e'Jh tvk b/ye ;h T[j. w?I T[;dk fJe nZyo BjhI gfVQnk. fJe wohia ;kca d/y
foj? w"s Bz{ ;kjwD,/ go T[;dh o{j boidh BjhI. T[j tZyok ;h ;G s'I.
T[;dh go/oBk ;dek u"dK gfotko gokr SZv e/ cb;shB ik t;/. cab;shB iKdh i[nkB e[Vh
Bz{ ngD/ d;yas eoe/ feskp fdzfdnK efjD bZrk - w?I sK ik BjhI ;eKrk nkgD/ g[ofynK d/
d/;, w/oh feskp sK ikt/. fJjBz{ sz{ b?ik. jkb/ s?Bz{ fJjdh ;wM BjhI nkT[Dh feT[Ife jkb/ sz{
szdo[;s j?I, y[;a j?I, i[nkB j?I. w/ohnK feskpK fpwkoK ns/ ewia'oK Bz{ ;wM nkT[DrhnK.
wfjwkBk Bz{ fJj feskp cayo Bkb fdykT[IfdnK 87 ;kb dh n"os jZ;fdnK nkydh j? - p[ZYh
jK, ewia'o jK, fpwko jK. j[D ;wM nkJh j? w?Bz{ T[jdh feskp. p[iafdbK, fpwkoK ns/ ewia'oK
dk g?rzpo j? coKia ekcek.
;G s'I tXhe Go';/:'r ihtBheko, noB;N gktb T[; dh ihtB ejkDh dk Bkw @@cb;c/ dk
vokT[Dk ;[cBk## oydk j?. ekcaek B/ fejk - ;kX{nK B/ ;Zu d/ do;aB fe; ftX fe; o{g ftu
ehs/ gsk BjhI. fgnko ns/ w"s nkgD/ ;kjwd/ d/y e/ w?Bz{ T[;dh Mbe fd;h. fgnko ns/ w"s
ftu e'Jh caoe BjhI. fbfynk - wo fwN u[eh g[okDh fe;/ :kd ftu i/ d[pkok ikB g? ikt/
c/o T[j wo ikDh ;'J/rh BjhI edh.
fi; ftu ikB g? rJh, nkfd ekbh ;BksBh :kd dk Bkw coKia ekcek j?. T[j gokr ftu
izfwnk s/ wkV/ w'N/ fJXo T[Xo d/ d"fonK ns/ gVktK Bz{ SZv e/ nkyoh ;kj th fJE/ fbnk.
T[j fejk eodk ;h - fsZy/ ns/ wiap{s gzfinK tkbh u[V/b j? gokr, fJ; dh geV ftu mhe
;kj th BjhI nkT[Idk. T[;d/ T[bN, ekcek dh ;j/bh fwb/Bk Bz{ e'Jh niBph Bkw g[Sdk sK
fejk eodh - gokr dh fwb/Bk. T[j edh ngDk fJeZbk Bkw Bk d;dh, p'b j[zd/ - fwb/Bk
nkc gokr. gokr w/oh i/p ftu j?. gokr ;wMd? w? T[;dh i/p ftu jK. fJ; e[Vh dk ;t/ok
d[gfjo sK pfDnk, ;akw edh BjhI Ybh. J/Bh dwdko n"os fe BkiahnK d/ s;hjK e?Ig ftZu
w[;aZes eofdnK woh go T[j ;ko/ e?dhnK bJh Xotk; pDh ojh. i/bQ ;[govzN, e?dD ;kjwD/
fBrkjK iawhB T[go'I BjhI u[e ;edk ;h. fwb/Bk :'og dh ihBhn; ;h fi; B/ e/tb uko fdB
ekcaek Bkb fpskJ/. g'b?Iv dh d'ok wkw{bh gVQh e[Vh ;h fijVh ekcek e'b fJ; noia Bkb
rJh ;h fe j'o gVQ ;e/. j'fJnk T[bN. fJ; g/Iv{ e[Vh e'b g[okDh nzihb, b'e eEktK, ;kyhnK
ns/ fjpo{ dk ;hBk p;hBk s[fonk nkT[Idk T[j yiakBk ;h fe ekcek T[;dk ftfdnkoEh j'
frnk. fejk - fJj e/jk tfuso ;z;ko j? fi; ftu sz{ w?Bz{ b? rJh< w?I ekBz{B ftu vkeNo/N
ehsh d'ok, w?Bz{ gsk Bk bZrk ekBz{B eh j[zd?. s/ohnK rZbK ;[De/ w?I d/y fojK - ;kv/ g[ofynK
B/ fijVk ekBz{B fdsk, T[j fj;kp feskp bke/ BjhI fdZsk. f;X/ ;kd/ d; gzdoK B/w fdzfdnK
fejk - fJjBz{ wzB'r/ pZfuU sK gow/;o gq;zB j'J/rk. ;zskB B/ J/Bk ft;atk; ehsk fe fJe tke
dh T[bzxDk j' rJh sK vod/ ;B fe bZyK ;kb d'iayK dh nZr ftu ;VBk gJ/rk. ;po ;zs'y
tkbh ;fGnsk ;[yh tZ;h. ni'ek ekBz{B wB[ysk Bz{ spkj eo/rk. w?Bz{ yzvo ;kca fdykJh fdzd/
jB. ftnkge w"s. nBzs ;'r ns/ o[dB.
fwb/Bk ns/ d'ok fezBhnK skesto ;ay;hnsK jB fJj fdykT[D bJh d'jK dh ;kyh tZyoh fbyh
ikt/rh. gfjbK fwb/Bk dh ca/o d'ok dh. jkb dh xVh jEb/ b/y ftu fes/ fes/ d'jK dk fiaeo
nkJ/rk go pj[sk BjhI.
coKia dk pkpk :ke{p ekcaek fdT[eZd ;aeshtkB wB[Zy ;h fijVk nkb{nK Bkb Goh p'oh dzdk
Bkb u[Ze b?Idk ;h. feZs/ ti'I MNeJh ;h. fgsk jowB ekcek nkgD/ pZfunK Bz{ dZf;nk eodk -
eowk tkb/ j' s[;hI fe uZi dh o'Nh ykD Bz{ fwbh. ;Zs ;kb dh T[wo d/ n;hI j' iKd/ sK
s[jkvk pkpk efj fdzdk - j[D o/jVh XZeD i'rk j' frn?I - ikj ike/ rbhnK ftu whN dk j'ek
d/j. pVh ;yas fiazdrh fpskJh n;K. feo feo g?Idh rohph ftu'I fBebD bJh fgsk jowB Bz{
J/Bh fwjBs eoBh gJh fe T[j wXtorh gfotkoe ;bhek G[Zb frnk. gfotko Bkb yoQtk
p'bdk. pkjob/ b'eK Bkb fwbD bZfrnK th T[j fBZx s'I ;ZyDk j[zdk. f;oca ezw, e/tb
fpiaB;. fejk eodk - pkJhpb ftu fbfynk j?, nkdwh e/tb o'Nh nk;o/ BjhI fiT[Idk, go
fJj th sK ;Zu j? fe o'Nh pr?o th BjhI fiT[Idk. pkp/ i?ep t/b/ :j{dhnK dh iB ;zfynk
xNkT[D tk;s/ u?eZ ;oeko dk fJj ekBz{B bkr{ ;h fe e/tb gb/mk w[zvk ftnkj eokJ/rk, pkeh
e'Jh BjhI. fJj sK 1848 dh prkts B/ ekBz{B pdbtkfJnk sK i?ep dk ftnkj j'fJnk. ;kb
87
1850 s'I 1859 sZe S/ pZfunK dk iBw fJe Yko/ B[wk ewo/ ftu j'fJnk s/ G[y fwNkT[D bJh
pj[sh tko e/tb nkb{ j[zd/. fit/I pjkdo ioB?b ngD/ ;oho T[gob/ iaywK d/ fB;akBk dh
frDsh d;dk j?, fgsk jowB ngD/ jZEK g?oK d/ nZND ns/ iayw ngD/ pZfunK Bz{ cayo Bkb
fdykfJnk eodk s/ efjzdk - fJj w/o/ rohph d/ swr/ B/ w/o/ pZfuU.
coKia ngD/ fgsk Bkb ;koh T[wo okiahBktK Bk eo ;fenk. T[;Bz{ fJsokia ;h, @@gfotko ftu
gfjbk pZuk ;kb dk ;h sK d{ik g?dk j' frnk. gfjb/ Bz{ T[;/ tes tZvk j'D dk fyskp fwb
frnk s/ T[; s'I ;kb dh T[wo/ jh pugB y[Z; frnk. w?Bz{ w/ok pugB ed/ Bk fwfbnk. fJ;
rZb B/ w?Bz{ J/Bk ;dwk g[ukfJnk fe ;koh T[wo tk;st ftu w?I tZvk j'fJnk Jh BjhI.
T[;B/ ngD/ eo'Xh fgsk Bz{ 25 ;kb dh T[wo ftu bzwk yas fbfynk i' j[D gqekf;as fwbdk j?,
@g[Zso dk fgsk Bz{ yas#, wK Bz{ d/ nkfJnk. wK B/ edh fgsk Bz{ BjhI gVQkfJnk. j[D s[;hI fJj
yas gVQ' sK s[jkBz{ bZr/rk fJe pzd/ tb'I don;b oZp tZb fbfynk ys j? fJj. fJj coKia dk
fgsk jowB BjhI, g[okDh fJzihb dk r[;?bk ns/ Jhoykb{ :kj'tk (oZp) j? i' n;wkB ftu
rZifdnK nkydk j? - w/o/ p'b Bk wzB'r/ sK ;ZfGnsktK roe eoKrk.
ekcafenK dh wK p'bh u?eZ ;h. ;e{b dh ftfdnk iowB wkfXnw ftu fdZsh iKdh ;h. p/;ae
pugB ftu jh fgsk jowB ;[jDh iowB p'bDh f;y frnk ;h go fejk eodk - fJjdhnK
pohehnK dk gsk Bh brdk. d[y ;[y, u?eZ ftu mhe sohe/ eo ;edk jK. u"dK ;kb dh T[wo
ftu T[j eko'pko ftu bZr frnk. eko'pko eh ;h, o'ia tos'I dhnK uhiaK t/uD bJh rbhnK
ftu j'ek bkT[Idk. f;rwzv cokfJv fszB ;kb dk ;h id'I T[; dk fgT[ dhtkbhnk j' frnk ;h.
:j{dhnK bJh pj[s wkV/ fdB ;B.
coKia dk BkBk fjpo{ s'I ikD{ gZek Xowh :j{dh ;h. nzfwqs t/b/ fJ;aBkB T[;dk fBsB/w ;h.
;odhnK ftu T[j dfonK dh iwh poca ftu w'xk eoe/ fJ;aBkB eodk. feskpK dhnK eskoK
xo ftu ;ihnK j[zdhnK. i{bh wK ngD/ gsh Bz{ g;zd eodh j't/, nfijh e'Jh rZb BjhI, fejk
eodh ;h - xo t;Dr/ i/ n"os ;po F[eo tkbh j't/rh. edh edkJhI fJeZbh pj[s o'Idh. pVh
;ys w[;aZes eodh. fszB i[bkJh 1883 Bz{ i{bh B/ f;jstzd pZu/ Bz{ iBw fdZsk. pkd;akj coKia
i';ca dh je{ws ;h, ;' Bkw oZfynk coKia ekcek. d; i[bkJh Bz{ ;[zBs ehsh. jB/o/ szr ewo/,
e'fbnK d/ X{J/I dh p{, pzd ewfonK dh p{, w'wpZsh dh o';aBh s'I go/ G{s yVek eo oj/ jB fe
u{j/, gsk BjhI. @@:j{dhnK Bz{ esb eo',## Bkno/ i/ Bk th r[z{id/ sK th vo/ j'J/ :j{dhnK d/
ezBk ftu rz{id/ ofjzd/.
fgsk dk wB ns/ ;oho xo dh EK d[ekB ftu ofjzd/. ;ys fwjBs ozr fbnkJh. gou{B dh
EK E'e dk tgkoh j' frnk. pugB ftu jh fgsk f;Zy frnk ;h fe ihjdh e'mh u dkD/ T[jd/
ewb/ th f;nkD/, go fJj rZb T[j nkgD/ uko/ pZfunK, g[Zso coK} s/ fszB XhnK Bz{ edh Bk
f;yk ;fenk. fejk eodk - g?;k i/ y[;ahnK Bh fbnkT[Idk, U w{oy' dkb o'Nh, wZyD, ;[jD/
eZgV/, wekB s/ feskpK sK fbnkT[Idk Jh n?. g?;k j'o eh eo/rk< fJe ikBto Bz{ pzdk sK pDk
Jh fdzd? fJj, c/o pzd/ Bz{ skes fdzd?, ;akB fdzd?, ;bkwK j[zdhnK B/. j'o eh ukjhd? pJh<
pZsh ;kb dh T[wo ftu ekcaek fbyd?, @@pugB ftu fgsk B/ w/o/ fto[ZX :[ZX bfVnk s/ w?Bz{
jok fdZsk. j[D sZe w?dkfB izr ftu pko pko w?I fgsk s'I wko yk fojK.##
ekcaek fgS'I d' p/N/ g?dk j'J/, d't/I wo rJ/. gfjb/ dh w"s t/b/ coKia uko ;kb dk ;h s/ d{i/
dh w"s t/b/ gzi ;kb dk. n;kXkoD p[ZXh dk wkbe sK fJj pZuk j? jh ;h, fszB ftu'I d' g[ZsoK
dh w"s t/b/ wkfgnK dh ;zrhB jkbs B/ fJ; d/ fdb fdwkr T[go tvh ;ZN wkoh. fJZE/ T[;dk
ti{d iw frnk i' ;koh T[wo Bk gzxfonk. d; ;kb dh T[wo fgS'I fJe s'I pkd fJe, T[;
dhnK fszB G?Dk B/ iBw fbnk. wkg/ d[ekB s/ ezw eod/ s/ B"eo iK B"eokDh pZfunK e'b
ofjzd/. fJBQK d; ;kbK ftu G[rfsnk T[do/tK T[; d/ bcai bcia ftu fd;dk j?. gkme', fJE/
fJj efjDk mhe BjhI fe r'oeh th sK :shw ;h, cbkDk pZuk th sK fJZebsk dk f;aeko fojk
go e'Jh n;o BjhI j'fJnk. fe; pzd/ T[go rZb fezBk n;o eodh j?, fB;afus eoB bJh e'Jh
g?wkBk BjhI. p[ZYk, noEh ns/ ;kX ;GBk B/ d/y/ jB, e'Jh n;o BjhI j[zdk. efgbt;s{ dk
f;XkoE n;o ep{bdk j? s/ BtK Xow f;oidk j?. pV/ EK ekfJdk ekBz{B ubdk BjhI.
pkd;akj i'iaca d{i/ B/ 1782 ftu ekBz{B gk; eo fdsk fe Xow nkXkos ftseok ysw. :j{dh
;G e[M d/ pokpo jZedko jB. fJ;/ ;kb n?bkB j'fJnk fe ;?e[bo ;e{b y'bQ/ ikDr/ s/
ftfdnk dk wkfXnw iowB j'fJrh. fijV/ fJBQK ;e{bK ftu BjhI gVQBr/, ftnkj tk;s/ ofi;No
88
BjhI ehs/ ikDr/. :j{dh ;zeNrq;s j' rJ/. fJe gk;/ y[;a jB fe ftseok ysw. d{i/ gk;/
T[dk; fe ;kvh Gk;ak, Xow, ;fGnkuko B;aN j' ikJ/rk. :j{dhnK dk o'j d/yfdnK ;oeko B/
c?;bk ehsk fe :j{dh pj[-frDsh tkb/ ;e{bK ftu 4 xzN/ ;?e[bo ftfdnk tk;s/ j'Dr/, pkeh
NkJhw N/pb ftu T[j ngDk Xow gVQ gVQkfJnk eoB. 15 ;szpo 1889 Bz{ B"eokDh caoKia Bz{
fJe xNhnk fij/ ;e{b ftu dkyb eotk nkJh. wjhB/ pkd tZvh G?D n?bh dk iBw j'fJnk s/
fJ;/ ;kb fjNbo, pj[s phwko pZuk, g?dk j'fJnk fi; pko/ vkeNoK dh okfJ ;h fe pu/rk
BjhI. pu frnk.
T[jB/ nkw pZfunK s'I tXhe Bcaos ehsh ;e{b Bz{. T[BQK fdBK Bz{ id'I T[j S/ ;kb dk ;h, :kd
eofdnK fbydk j?, @@w?Bz{ edh :ehB BjhI ;h nkfJnk fe w?I gfjbh ebk; ftu'I gk; j'
iktKrk. dfjb fgnk ofjzdk. gk; sK j'fJnk jh, fJBkw fwb frnk ykjwykj. ft;atk; BjhI
;h d;thI j' ikt/rh, eo frnk. fco ;'udk pkoQthI e"D gk; eokT{< c/bQ j'D dh fuzsk ftu'I
edh Bk fBefbnk. w?Bz{ brdk fJj ebk;K sK n"y/ ;"y/ gk; eoh ikBk go nkyo, n?B f;yo
s'I fvrKrk j/m. w?Bz{ vokT[D/ ;[caB/ nkT[Id/.
@@jo o'ia B"eokDh ;t/o ;ko ;e{b SZvD iKdh. ghbk ozr, gsbh, rZbQK s/ nZyK nzdo X;hnK
j'JhnK. T[j w?Bz{ tZyoh soK vokT[Idh, fejk eodh - s/o/ Nhuo Bz{ dZ;Krh xo sz{ eh eh
;aokosK eod?I, c/o d/yKrh s/ok eh pDd?. w?I ;aokosh BjhI, fiaZdh ;K, nkb;h ;K, sby ;K, Gkt
fe T[j szr nk jh iKdh s/ wk;No s'I e[NtkT[D bJh fJj w;kbk ekcah j[zdk. pVk vodk. go
fJe fdB w?I T[j Bz{ efj jh fdZsk - s?Bz{ uzrh soQK gs? wk;No feZvh wjkB uhia j[zd?. s/o/
torh nBgV s/ tkj:ks e[Vh wk;No Bkb rZb eo Jh Bh ;edh. wk;No s'I ;kok ijkB
vod?. cafo;as/ th. j";b? sK rb eo e/ fdyk. rZ[;/ ftu T[j p'bh - w?I s/oh fJj rZb th
dZ;Krh. w?I j'o vo iKdk. ;e{b sK gfjbK jh G?Vk ;h, fJj B"eokDh j'o th tvk Boe pDk
e/ Svdh. ca/o w?I T[j s'I wkcahnK wzrD brdk. frVfrVkT[Idk. T[j j'o ;a/oBh j' iKdh. w?I
nkyaoh dkT[ bkT[IfdnK nkydk - mhe j? c/o. sz{ wk;No s'I w?Bz{ e[Ntk. w?I s?Bz{ fgsk s'I
e[NtktKrk. T[j T[uh T[uh j;dh. T[jBz{ gek gsk ;h fe pkg{ coKia Bz{ e[N ;ed? B"eokDh Bz{
BjhI. vo e/ w?I b'eK dhnK pkohnK BKb, okj d/ doysK Bkb fuzpVdk iKdk. T[;dk ewhia
fyZu b?Idk, p?m iKdk, T[j pkjK s'I cV e/ X{Jh iKdh. ;e{b ni/ d{o j[zdk go ;e{b bZrD dh
xzNh tZiD brdh. c/o n;hI d't/I ;e{b tZb s/ia d"Vd/. d"Vdh d"Vdh T[j efjzdh ub' e'Jh
rZb BhI, nZi BjhI sK Bk ;jh eZbQ Bz{ f;aekfJs bktKrh. T[jB/ ed/ f;aekfJs BjhI bkJh go w?I
;dk vfonk ofjzdk - f;aekfJs bk ;edh j? fJj.##
i[bkJh 1910 ftu id'I T[j bkn ftu vkeNo/N eo u[ek ;h, T[d'I th fbyd? - ;kok ijkB w?Bz{
vokT[D bJh pfDnk j?. wkw{bh B"eokDh s'I b? e/ wkg/, wk;No, fo;as/dko, eJh b/ye, w/oh
B"eoh t/b/ ezgBh d/ wkbe ;ko/ jh dfjb gkJh oyd/. w/ok e'Jh jwdod BjhI ;h. T[;dhnK
pugB dhnK c'N'nK d/y'. T[;dhnK nZyK p/u?B jB ns/ do;ae Bz{ p/u?B eodhnK jB. T[jBz{
gsk BjhI brdk ed'I T[; Bkb e"D eh d[o ftjko eo/rk. ekcaek i' woiah ej/, T[j gVQkJh
ftu j[f;anko ;h, oZN/ wkoB ftu th gqphB, w'NhnK oewk, gjkV/, fJfsjk; dhnK soheK Bz{ x'Nk
wkodk, id'I woih g[ZS bT[, dZ; dJ/rk, go fJT[I fit/I fdb fdwkr s'I pkJhgk; j't/ T[jdh :kd
dk;as, fJe dw wekBeh. iwksh T[jdk nkdo eod/, wk;NoK Bz{ T[j uzrk brdk. fjT{r'
porwkB s/ w?e; po'd dh ekcek Bkb d';sh ;z;ko dhnK :kdrkoh d';shnK ftu oZyD:'r
jB.
;e{b ftu'I ekbi G/iD bJh ;ys fJwfsjkB bJ/ rJ/. ekcek T[BQK 24 w[zfvnk ftu'I fJZe ;h
fijV/ 83 pZu/ N?;NK ftu p?m/ ;B. T[jBz{ tXhnk ekbi ftu dkybk fwfbnk go jo N?;N T[;
bJh fJT[I j[zdk fit/I gob'I d/ fdB oZp fJe fJe Bz{ yVQk eoe/ fiazdrh dk fj;kp wzr/. id'I
T[j N?;N gk; eo iKdk sK ;'udk - fJe tkoh c/o iZiK Bz{ X'yk d/D ftu ekw:kp j' frnk
jK. go ;ko/ X'y/ id'I cV/ ikDr/ T[d'I ;iak fezBh fJeZmh j' ikt/rh, eh pDz{rk c/o< J/; G{ukb
tZb'I w?I nZyK pzd fet/I eo ;edK<
iowB, u?eZ p'bh Bz{ ns/ :j{dhnK Bz{ T[;/ soQK Bcaos eod/ ;B fit/I wZX ekbh w[rb, fjzd{nK
Bz{. ndB d/ pkr dk tofis cb J/vk tvk ngokX BjhI ;h fiZvk :j{dhnK jZE'I :Z;{ dk esb.
jo/e e[dosh nkcas dk ekoB :j{dhnK d/ e[eow ikfDnk iKdk s/ GhVK :j{dh p;shnK (r/N')
T[go jfEnko b?e/ N[ZN g?IdhnK. T[BQK dhnK d[ekBk dk e/tb pkJhekN BjhI, ;r'I ;kwkB b[ZN
89
fbnk iKdk, nriaBh j[zdh. gb/r g? rJh, fJ;d/ fizw/tko th :j{dh, e'Jh e[Vh BZ; rJh, fJ;
fgS/ :j{dh. nfijh nkp' jtk ftu nkw pzdk th x[ND dk f;aeko ;h, ekcaek sK fcao ekcek
;h nkyo. fwb/Bk Bz{ yas ftu fbydk j? - ebk;-o{w ftu wk;No nr/ e'Jh pjkBk bke/ pu
ikDk, ihtB ftu p/fJB;kcah d/y e/ nZyK pzd eo b?DhnK, ;[yh ofjD bJh uzrk ;wkB j?. fJ;/
soQK, ihtB i/ ;[ydkJh BjhI sK w"s sK nkgD/ jZE ftu j?, id'I woiah nBzs jB/o ftu e[Zd gt'
s/ ;aKs j' ikT[. fJ; ;G e[ZM d/ pkti{d w?I brksko p/u?Bh dk f;aeko feT[I jK<
@@;e{b s'I pkd wzdo p'o eodk. T[jh g[okDh oN, T[j' okr okrDh, T[j' nodk;. gkm BjhI,
w?I gkm eoB dk fdyktk eodk, T{Ixdk ofjzdk. T[pk;hnK b?Idk. fXnkB fes/ dk fes/ j[zdk. T[d'I
BjhI j[D w?Bz{ brdk j? fe ;e{b ns/ wzdo ftu pZfunK Bz{ fJ; eoe/ ;kok ;kok fdB
fpmkfJnk iKdk j? sK fe T[j f;Zy ikD fe ihtB em'o p'ohns j?, T[; tes fJ;/ soQK u[g
ukg nB[;ak;B ftu ofjDk j?, ;aKs ofjDk j? iK xZN' xZN ;aKs j'D dk fdyktk eoBk j?. fJ;
gZy'I fJj No/fBzr wkVh th BjhI. pkr pkr j?, izrb izrb j?. w?Bz{ brdk j[zdk, wzdo nzdo
ike/ wekoh eoB Bkb'I Bk ikDk tXhe gftso pzdrh j?. w?Bz{ gsk Bk brdk wzdo tk;s/
:j{dh woB Bz{ feT[I fsnko B/, esb j' ikD Bz{ p/u?B go wzdo pu/, pzd/ puD Bk puD.
jo/e :j{dh Bcaos fsq;eko dk f;aeko j'D ekoB d[yh j?. w?I :j{dh BjhI go w?I feT[Ife d[yh
jK fJ; eoe/ :j{dh jh j'fJnk J/; fj;kp <
id'I nkgD/ c?;b/ nkg eoB i'rk j'fJnk, T[j edh wzdo BjhI frnk, nodk; BjhI ehsh.
j?okBhiBe sZE fJj fe T[j wkoe;tkdh BjhI ;h. T[wo Go edh wkoe;tkd B/ T[;Bz{ gqGkfts
BjhI ehsk jkbK fe fJj T[j fdB ;B id'I o{; ftu fJBebkp nk u[Zek ;h s/ :"og bkb ozr
ftu ozfrnk ikD bZrk ;h. ekcah jkT{;K ftu T[j ekwo/vK d/ ftuko ;[Ddk, pfj;K j[zdhnK,
T[; T[go e'Jh n;o Bk j[zdk. jZ; e/ T[m nkT[Idk. :ko p/bh T[;Bz{ yZpk ;kfjs gVQB bJh
fdzd/. gVQdk. gVQB s'I tXhe sK T[j fe;/ rZb ftu rzGho BjhI ;h. fJj tkd T[;Bz{ ifunk
BjhI. id'I T[; dhnK e[ZM fbysK SghnK sK ;G s'I gfjbh rkb ekwo/vK B/ eZYh. T[;dh fBy/Xh
GKitkdh nky e/ ehsh.
porwkB B/ 1969 ftu i/o{;bw dh fjpo{ :{Bhtof;Nh ftu ekcek-B[wkfJ;a bkJh rJh. T[;B/
eftsk dk T[j pzd oZfynk i' 14 ;kb dh T[wo ftu ekcek B/ fbfynk-
nkT[Idk j? e'Jh, s[o ikD bJh.
fwbkg M{m, fti'r ;Zu.
gzi c[ZN B" fJzu, nZmthI ebk; ftu T[j ;G s'I bzwk w[zvk ;h. i[nkB j'e/ T[j S/ c[ZN eZd eZY
frnk. T[; dhnK fb;aedhnK nZyK ftu ;aow ;h, fMie ;h, p/u?Bh ;h ns/ ;[cB/ ;B. pkd
ftu ekcek dk d';s porwkB, fjpo{ :{Bhtof;Nh dk tkJh;-uK;bo fB:[es j'fJnk ns/ T[;B/
;z;ko gqf;ZX B?;aBb bkfJpo/oh nkca fJiaokJhb ;Ekgs ehsh. porwkB dk eEB j? - i[nkBh
ftu T[j w/ok s/ w/o/ :j{dh Xow dk wiake T[vkfJnk eodk ;h. T[; e'b dbhbK dhnK tkSVK
j[zdhnK. w?I ykw';a ;[Ddk ofjzdk. go T[wo d/ nyho ftu T[j :j{dh j' frnk ;h. i' i' w?Bz{
;[ZN d/D bJh nkydk, ekcek B/ nyho, T[j ;G ngDh fjZe Bkb bk fbnk. T[j p/nzs ;aohc
;h go ;apdK dh tos'I tes ibkd j' iKdk. w[;ek d/ p'fbnk T[;dk fJe tke jZv wk; ftu'I
dh bzx iKdk. go;go gZe/ fto'Xh ftukoK Bz{ T[j d't/I jZEK ftu cV e/ y/vdk s/ bj{ b[jkD
j[zdk.
iBw;kyh ftu nZyo ;apd w?I gfjbh tko jfEnko ti'I tofsnk iKdk gfVQnk. GkJh wodkBk, oZp
dh T[;ss BjhI, r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh T[;sfs rkT[D bZr/. wjkoki B/ wBQK ehsk sK GkJh ih
B/ fejk, w?I d/y fbnk j? pkpk, f;q;aNh dh ouBk d[pkok j'D bZrh j?. pqfjwzv dk g/Vk jZEK
ftu b? e/ sz{ d[pkok r[zBQD bZrk j?I. r[o{ ih B/ c[owkfJnk - p; GkJh p;. J/dz{ nr? BjhI
ubktDk j'o nZyo e[Jh.
sho, sbtko, r'bh ubdh ;[Dh ;h. nZyo ubdk ;kyh ftu d/fynk.
ekcaek dh ebk; Bz{ iowB Gk;ak gVkT[D tkbh Nhuo goh eEktK ;[DkT[Idh j'Jh fejk eodh -
fijV/ pZu/ goh ejkDhnK Bz{ fgnko eoBr/, T[j ihtB ftu T[dk; BjhI j'Dr/. :'fXnK tKr
bVBr/. ekcaek T[go fJj eEkB bkr{ Bk j'fJnk.
90
T[;dk efjDk j?, @@ebk Bz{ ekohroh dh b'V g?Idh j?, ekohro ebk s'I pr?o th ezw ubk
;edk j?. pKM n"os pZuk izwD s'I n;woE j't/, go pZu/ dh gfoto;a eoBh sK f;Zy/. fbys
w/oh ikB j?. fbyK BK sK wo iktK. w?I fbydk jK fJ; eoe/ oZp j' ikBk. w/oh fbys w/oh
gqkoEBk j?. fbyD tkbk w/ia e'Jh y'jDk ukj/ sK e/tb jZE ftu x[ZN e/ BjhI, dzdK ftu cVe/
oZyDk j?. w/ia w/ok wzdo j?.
T[BQh fdBh gokr b/yeK ebkekoK dk rVQ ;h. fdbu;g sZE fJj fe pj[s/ :j{dh. ;Ekgs
efwT[fB;N b/ye th :j{dh, efwT{fB;aNK d/ fto'Xh ojZ;tkdh th :j{dh. :"og d/ fe;/ ;afjo
ftu e'Jh nky fdzdk w?I gokr dk jK, p; T[;Bz{ b/ye wzB fbnk iKdk. fit/I jo/e pBko;
tk;h mZr jh j't/.
gktb dk tke j? - jo/e ;tkb ftu'I ekcaek d' T[Zso bGdk, d't/I fJe d{i/ d/ fto'Xh. d'tK
T[soK Bz{ ca/o ftukodk sK jo/e ftu'I uko uko ;tkb j'o fBebd/ fiBQK dk e'Jh itkp Bk
j[zdk. T[j izrb ftu rtkuk pZuk ;h.
T[jBz{ sK nkw fijhnK rZbK dh ;wM BjhI ;h, oZp T[;Bz{ fet/I ;wM ftu nkT[Idk< go oZp T[BQK
dh jh ;wM ftu g?Idk j? fiBQK Bz{ nkw rZbK BjhI nkT[IdhnK. sbtzvh okfJG'fJ fgzv ftu t;d/
fgsk wfjsk efbnkD okfJ Bz{ fJ;/ rZb dk d[y ;h fe T[;d/ g[Zso Bz{ wkw{bh fijh rZb th
;wM BjhI g?Idh.
23 nes{po 1902 Bz{ gokr d/ tZv/ ;?whBko jkb ftu 18 ;kb dk fJe i[nkB ;akcBjkto T[go
Gk;aD d/D bJh nkfJnk. fJj w[zvk ekBz{B dk ftfdnkoEh, ;zrhseko, ;akfJo ns/ T[Godk
Bktbeko ;h. ngD/ Gk;aD ftu T[;B/ Bhs;a/ Bz{ caokv efj fdZsk. s[ozs pkd ftu 19 ;kb d/
caoKia ekcek B/ J/; w[zv/ dh T[j fSZb bkjh fe ;o's/ dzr ofj rJ/. fJj w[zvk ;h w?e;
po'd. w?e; T[;/ gb ekcaek dk w[ohd j' frnk. d'tK dh d';sh T[woGo fBGh. T[wo ftu
S'Nk j'D d/ pktia{d T[;B/ ekcaek dh ;ogq;sh d/ ;ko/ coia T[wo Go fBGkJ/. id'I ekcek dk
e'Jh Bkw BjhI ikDdk ;h, w?e; :'og T[go Sk u[Zek ;h. ekcek SgD bJh fsnko BjhI ;h.
fejk eodk - fJj e'Jh SgD:'r uhiaK B/< pj[s fwjBs eoe/, fwzBsK eoe/ fJe tko NokfJb
(Trial) SgtkT[D bJh ekcaek Bz{ wBk fbnk. gqek;ae tZvk ;h s/ tkecahns eotkT[D tkbk
w?e; fejVk S'Nk ;h< yoVk T[;B/ cVkT[IfdnK ekcaek d/ ;kjwD/ gqek;ae Bz{ fejk - w?I fJjd/
;kwQD/ s[ZS jK. sz{ d/yhI fJ; dh fbys ftubh o{j.
nrb/ fdB ekcaek fJeZbk gqek;ae e'b frnk, fJj efje/ fe fJ; ftu sK doiDk rbshnK B/
ni/. jkb/ SgD:'r BjhI. T[E'I yoVk tkg; uZ[e fbnkfJnk. ekcaek szrh ftu ;h, fpwko ;h,
uzrh okfJbNh fwbDh ;h. go BjhI sK BjhI.
ekcaek dh w"s 1924 ftu j'Jh s/ w?e; 1968 sZe ihftnk. ekcek dh id'I ni/ fJe fbys th
BjhI Sgh ;h T[;dhnK 37 feskpK Sg u[ZehnK ;B s/ gkobhw?IN ftu :j{dhnK dk B[wkfJzdk
u[fDnk frnk ;h. fejk iKdk j? fe fJe' y/so d/ fJe ebkeko dh uVQs d{i/ tv/ ebkeko
bJh iafjo j[zdh j?. w?e; po'd j'o fwZNh dk ;h. T[;B/ ekcek dhnK ouBktK e/tb B;aN j'D
s'I BjhI pukJhnK, T[wo d/ nyho sZe fejk eodk ;h - d[BhnK w/oh fJiZs J/; eoe/ eo/rh fe
ekcek Bkw dk fJe ihBhn; w/ok d';s j[zdk ;h. gfjbK T[;B/ ekcek jZE'I T[;dhnK fbysK
pukJhnK feT[Ife ekcek B/ nZr bk d/Dh ;h. d{ih tko BkiahnK s'I pukJhnK. w?e; Bk j[zdk,
ekcek ;w/I dh X[zd ftu r[nku iKdk. id'I okfJbNh fwbdh, s[ozs ekcek dh gsBh d'ok Bz{ d/
nkT[Idk i' p[oh soQK rohph ns/ fpwkoh B/ x/oh j'Jh ;h. tfuZso rZb fJj j? fe w?e; ns/
ekcaek ftukoXkok ftu fJe d{i/ d/ fto'Xh ;B. w?e; eZNV :j{dh s/ fiaUfB;N bfjo dk
Bkwto bhvo id'I fe ekcek eoweKvh XowK s'I w[es, ;r'I fJBQK dh fyZbh T[vkT[D tkbk. go
w?e; ikD frnk ;h fe ekcek B/ :j{dhnK Bz{ T[whd fdZsh, ;z;ko Bz{ Go';k fdZsk, fJjh Go';k
w?e; dh fiazdrh dk X[ok pfDnk. Go';k jh Xow j?, ekcek Bz{ gsk ;h, w?e; B/ d/o pkd
ikfDnk. ekcek d/ Go';/ dk i/ e'Jh Bkw BjhI c/o eh j'fJnk<
Bw;sz nwip/
(Bw;eko nekb g[oy Bz{ fi;dk e'Jh wijp BjhI)
ikg ;kfjp dh fJ; gzesh pkps gq'c?;o G{fgzdo f;zx B/ fejk ;h @@oZp s'I w[Beo Bk;se XowK
dh EK w?I T[; oZp dk w[ohd jK fi;dk e'Jh Xow BjhI.##
91
iZi, jK; ro"; B/ ndkbs s'I n;shck d/e/ 1902 ftu gokr :{Bhtof;Nh ftu gq'c?;o ti'I
B"eoh F[o{ eoe/ efofwBb bkn gVQkT[Dk F[o{ ehsk. T[;dk wZs ;h fe ngokX dh EK ngokXh
Bz{ ;wM'. T[;dhnK fbysK g[b; ftGkr bJh ns/ b?euo ftfdnkoEhnK bJh wkvb pD/. ekcaek
T[;dk ftfdnkoEh ;h. e?;b ns/ NokfJb ftu fJ; gq'c?;o d/ B?D Be;a fd;d/ jB. ekcek
dk d';s, iZi dk g[Zso UN' ro";, wB'ftfrnkBh pfDnk. T[j cokfJv dk ftfdnkoEh ;h.
cokfJv cyo Bkb fejk eodk - UN' s/ i[zr ftu efjoK dh w"fbesk j?. nkyao UN' wB'o'rh
j' frnk s/ i[zr T[;dk fJbki eodk fojk. fgsk dh 1915 ftu w"s j'Jh s/ 1918 ftu UN' B/
y[de;ah ehsh.
nzBQ/ Bktfb;N nk;eo pkZw Bz{ fwbD bJh ekcek T[;d/ ewo/ ftu frnk sK M[e e/ ;bkw
noia ehsh. w?e; po'd B/ pkZw Bz{ dZf;nk, T[j s?B{z M[e e/ fwfbnk ;h. pkZw Bz{ :kd j? -
T[;Bz{ gsk ;h w?I nzBQk jK. T[j Bk M[edk c/o fejVk w?Bz{ gsk brdk< go T[j fe;/ tZvh
;fGnsk dk okie[wko ;h. d/y/ e'Jh Bk d/y/. T[jB/ B/eh eoBh ;h.
T[j d' ;z;koK dk Bkrfoe ;h. fJe sK wXtorh :j{dh pzdk, ;wkie fjz;k dk f;aeko, d{ik
fsnkrh i'rh, ;G ek;/ s'I fBob/g. fejk eodk - Boe ns/ ;[or s[jkv/ bJh d' tZy tZy EktK
j'DrhnK. w/o/ bJh fJj fJe' jB. po'd fbydk j? - @@T[jdh jkiaoh ftZu fe;/ dh fjzws BjhI
fe j'Sh, ;sjh, xNhnk rZb eo/. uZi dh rZb iK ykw';ah. b'e d;d/ jB fe XowK d/
iBwdkfsnK dk b'eK T[go fJj' fijk n;o j[zdk ;h. ekcek dh ;zrs B/ w/ok ft;atk;a gZek
ehsk j? fe g?rzpoK dh jkiaoh :ehBB T[j' fijh j't/rh fij' fijh b'e dZf;nk eod/ jB.##
T[;dh ebgDk e[M fJj' fijh j[zdh - @@coia eo' fJe nkdwh dh fJSk j? fe ekcah ;ko/ pzd/
fe;/ EK fpBK p[bkJ/ fJeZm/ j' ikD. p; fJe d{i/ Bz{ fwbD. rZbK eoB. e'Jh fo;ask BjhI,
d';sh BjhI, fJe d{i/ Bz{ goyD. id'I fe;/ dk fdb eo/ nk ikJ/ id'I fdb eo/ ubk ikJ/. e'Jh
p'M e'Jh pzd;a BjhI. nkT[Id/ wfjwkB dk ;[nkrs iKd/ Bz{ w[;ekD ;fjs ftdkfJrh. fi; pzd/ d/
wB ftu fJj' fij/ fynkb g?dk j'J/ T[;B/ d[BhnK dk gfjbk ekcah-jkT{; T[;kfonk.##
T[j pj[s tXhnk s?oke ;h s/ fjzwsh wbkj. gkDh T[gobhnK y/vK d/ w[ekpb/ T[;Bz{ tXhnk
brd/ s/ w[ekpfbnK ftu fjZ;k b?dk. ihtB pkps - @@fit/I e'Jh T[uh EK s'I B/oQ/ ;w[zdo ftu
Skb wko dJ/, fco jZE g?o wkodk j'fJnk sb T[go nkT[D dk :sB eo/, fco gkDh ftu'I f;o
pkjo eZY e/ s/iah Bkb o[e/ j'J/ ;kjK dh bVh cV/.##
fdB nfij/ ;B fe ekBz{B ftu ghn?uHvhH T[gozs B"eoh Bk fwbh. jko e/ n?e;hv?IN phwk ftGkr
ftu eboe dh B"eoh fwbh T[j th f;ckfo;a Bkb, feT[Ife :j{dh ;h. ;ko/ ndko/ ftu T[j
fJeZbk :j{dh w[bkiaw ;h. fJj pVh nihp rZb j? fe d[BhnKdkoh s'I p/fBnkia fJj ihBhn;
B"eoh ftu fdbu;gh bJ/rk. dcaso ftu T[j w[bkiaw j[zdk, s/ pZ;. T[;B/ J/Bk ezw ehsk fe
;hBhno y[;a j' j' soZeh fgS'I soZeh fdzd/ rJ/. c?eNohnK s/ cowK ftu tXd/ n?e;hv?IN
xNkT[D bJh T[;B/ fJe gkfb;h fsnko ehsh s/ bkr{ ehsh. fJ; ftT[spzdh sfjs c?eNohnK
ftu ;[oZfyne ;kia' ;kwkB w[jZJhnk eotkfJnk s/ ;ktXkBhnK f;ykJhnK. T[;dh ftXh fJzBh
ekoro ;kps j'Jh fe ezgBh w[nktfianK d/ Gko j/m'I fBeb e/ bZyK d/ w[Bkc/ ftu ubh rJh.
T[;d/ fsnko ehs/ nzeVk-ukoN ns/ ;kbkBk nkwdB-you piN d/ t/ot/ sK ;" ch;dh mhe j[zd/
jh, jo ;kb T[j nrb/ toQ/ dh BthI ftT[Ispzdh gqekf;as eodk. T[j ;eZso d/ tv/ o[sp/ sZe
nZgfVnk s/ 15 ;kb dh B"eoh d"okB j'o fe;/ B/ fJj ;kbkBk fog'oNK fsnko BjhI ehshnK.
n?e;hv?INK ftu wo/ w[bkiaw d/ tko; phw/ dh oew b?D nkT[Id/, sob/ eod/, jZE pzBQd/, T[j
J/B/ ;bhe/ Bkb g/;a nkT[Idk fe cZNV fdb j'o iaywh Bk j'D, fejk eodk - s[jkv/ g?;/ s[jkBz{
d/ oj/ jK, e'Jh nfj;kB Bh eod/. jT[ek b?e/ nkydk - fezB/ Gb/ B/ fJj d[yh b'e. gZEo
wko wko ;kv/ dcaso ueBku{o eoB dh EK, fJj nkT[Id/ B/ s/ cfonkdK eoh iKd/ B/.
T[j edh g{oh soK szdo[;s BjhI j'fJnk. gfjb'I fwjd/ ftu iayw. pkd ftu sgfde. ;koh
T[wo whN ykD s'I goj/ia ehsk, ft;eh s'I d{o fojk. fwjd/ d/ o'r ekoB T[jB/ pVk goj/ia
oZfynk. eJh rZbK ftu tfjw dh jZd sZe ;Beh. T[;dk fynkb ;h fe T[pkfbnk j'fJnk d[ZX,
r?oe[dosh j' iKdk j?, ;' eZuk ghDk bkj/tzd j?. vkeNoK dk efjDk ;h fe sgfde T[; ftu
d[ZX okjhI nkJh. T[BQh fdBh gokr d/ gF{nK ftu sgfde o'rkD{ nkw ;B.
gokr d/ ekcah jkT{; ;afjo dh fizdikB ;B. vke{nK s'I b?e/ fcbk;coK sZe, ;G fJE/ r/Vk
wkod/. w/ia d[nkb/ i[Vh fJe i[zvbh ftu ;NkfbB dk w[ohd T[; dhnK f;casK eoB' jfNnk Bk
92
sK ekcaek p'fbnk - d' ;kb gfjbK fJ;/ ekcah jkT[; ftu w?I s/ohnK rZbK ;[DhnK. T[d'I G{sK
ftu s?Bz{ gZek ft;atk;a j[zdk ;h. s/ok dkntk ;h sz{ G{s d/fynk, s/ fdyk ;ed?I. UBk Jh gZek
s/ok ft;atk; nZi ;NkfbB ftu j?.
;wekbh okiBhsh ftu T[;dh e'Jh fdbu;gh BjhI ;h go fiT[I fiT[I ps"o fuzse T[; Bz{ ikfDnk
ikD bZrk, :j{dh nZstkdhnK fgS/ ekcaek dk fdwkr Biao nkT[D bZrk. ihtB ftu e/tb fJe
tko mkD/ ftu ike/ wko/; dh iawkBs Goh ;h, wko/; g[fb; w[mG/V ftu ;akwb ;h. e[Zsk G"IeD
fto[ZX fbykJh f;aekfJs sZe g[fb; foekov ftu w"i{d j? go fes/ ekcek dk fJzdoki BjhI
fwfbnk.
w?e; po'd, w/foze ;akfJo Bz{ g;zd eodk ;h go ekcek tk;s/ T[j ca}{b ;h. fJe fdB ikwDh
w"s ekft;zrqfj ftZu'I w?e; B/ eftsk gVQ e/ ;[DkJh fi; ftu fJj tke ;h - @tZvhnK ;[jDhnK
fssbhnK ykw';a c[ZbK T[go fJT[I p?mhnK jB fit/I ikd{ dhnK feskpK y[ZbQhnK j'D.# ekcaek jZ;
fgnk s/ fejk - fJjBz{ sz{ ;akfJoh efjzB?<
feskpK bJh T[;dk ;a?dkn f;yo dk ;h. bkfJpq/oh ikD dh EK pkiko ik e/ yohddk fejk
eodk - feskp T[j ez[ih j? fijVh gkme d/ fdb dk izdok y'bQdh j?. T[jB/ g'be Bz{ yas
fbfynk - T[j feskpK gVQ' fijVhnK vzr wkoB, iaywh eoB. feskp i/ s[jkvh y'gVh T[Zgo
x;z[B BhI wkodh fcao feskp fet/I j'Jh< sz{ efjB? y[;ah d/D tkbhnK feskpK j'D. T[J/ gkrb,
pzd/ pj[s y[;a j[zd/ i/ feskpK j[zdhnK Jh Bk. feskp gVQe/ bZr/ fit/I ;kvk ;G s'I tXhe e'Jh
fgnkok ;dk bJh fti'r d/ frn?. wB[ysk s'I d{o, fJeKs tk;h, ;kBz{ pDtk;h pDk dJ/. ;kv/
nzdobk T[j ;w[zdo fijVk poca pD frn?, T[; izw/ ;w[zdo tk;s/ e'Jh e[jkVk j't/ feskp.
w/ok sK fJj' fynkb n? GkJh.
17 ;kb dh T[wo ftu T[;B/ g{ok Bhs;a/ gVQ fbnk ;h. ukbht/I ;kb, T[wo d/ nyhob/ fdBh
T[j goh ejkDhnK gVQdk ofjzdk. cbkp/no, fveBia, d';s'fJt;eh, r/N/ ns/ feoe/rkod T[;d/
wBg;zd b/ye oj/. coKia pbh B/ 1907 ftu fbfynk, @@nZi iowB ;kfjs fiBQK p[bzdhnK Bz{
S[j fojk j? T[j j?Bfoe wkB, w/foze ns/ ekcaek dh pd"bs j?.#
ekcaek dh gzesh - fiT[Dk w[;aeb j?, mhe, go Bk fiT[Dk fejVk nk;kB j?< w?e; B/ fejk -
e/tb w/o/ Bkb'I BjhI, T[j jo/e Bkb'I tZyok ;h. T[; tork edh BjhI j'fJnk. T[;Bz{ eh ukjhdk
j?, ;akfJd T[j BjhI ikDdk, go eh eh BjhI ukjhdk, fJ; pko/ T[j g{ok ikDz{ j?.
ekcaek jZ;fdnK d;dk j? - fJj ihtB phwK th bZyK ;kb g[oksB wB[Zy d/ tfjw tork j?
fi;dk ft;atk; ;h fe X{g X[yk e/ Y'b tik e/ w[;hpsK GikJhnK ik ;edhnK jB.
@@w?I pj[s ;[;s jK. dkntk eodk jK ;G e[M eo ;edK, eo e[M th BjhI ;edk. coia eo'
y[de;ah eoB tk;s/ wB pD ikt/, sK th BK eoK, ;[;s jK.
@@n"os Bkb d[o ftjko nkdwh J/; eoe/ eodk j? feT[Ife T[j n"os s'I vodk j?. ;kv/ ;kfjs,
;kohnK e'wb ebktK T[go sK T[j SkJh gJh j?. n"os ;op-;aeshwkB j?, wod BjhI.
@@fJ;Bz{ w/oh ;akB ej' iK w/ok jzeko, w?I e/tb T[; Bz{ fgnko eo ;edK fijVk w/o/ s'I pj[s
T[uk j't/, fi; sZe w?I edh g[Zi Bk ;eK.
T[;dh wk;{whns d/yfdnK w[bkiaw fejk eod/ - ekcaek, ezgBh dk ;G s'I fBZek s/ ;G s'I
fgnkok pZuk j?. fJe fdB d[gfjo T[j ngD/ e[bhr d/ ewo/ ftu ubk frnk, fijVk d[gfjo
dk ykDk ykD bZrk ;h - po?v s/ wZyD. ekcaek B/ j?okB j[zfdnK fejk - U oZp ih ! J/Bk
po?v s/ J/Bk wZyD yk ikB? sz{< d';s B/ g[ZfSnk - sz{ fezBk yKdk j[zB? d[gfjo?< ekcaek B/ fejk
- gkDh d/ rbk; ftu fJe fBzp{ Bu'VdK. xZN n? fJj s/o/ fynkb ftu<
dcaso dh ;ckJh ;/tek d/ pZfunK Bz{ ekcahnK, g/;NohnK fdzdk j'fJnk n"os Bz{ g[ZSdk - sz{ p[ok
sK Bh wBkJ/Irh phph< pugB ftu fgsk Bz{ nkgD/ w[bkiawk Bz{ rkbK fdzfdnK d/ydk sK T[j
T[BQK ;kfonK Bz{ ;bkw nky e/ gfotkfoe gkg X'D dk :sB eodk.
id'I rzGho ebk fuzseK ftu T[;dh gqf;Xh y[;ap{ pDe/ d{o d[okv/ sZe g[Zih sK T[;dh fNZgDh ;h
- feskpK w?Bz{ ihT[D BjhI ;B fdzdhnK. T[jh feskpK j[D w?Bz{ woB BhI fdzdhnK.
bzwk ;wK fpwkoh d"okB fejk eodk - vkeNoK T[go w?Bz{ fpbe[b fJspko BjhI. vkeNo w?Bz{
T[d'I ;jh brd? id'I efjzd? fe J/; fpwkoh dk e'Jh gsk Bh brdk. w?Bz{ vkeNoK fto[ZX Bcaos
j?. w/o/ d' S'N/ S'N/ Gok vkeNoK B/ Jh wko/. gsk Jh Bh bZrk fe T[BQK Bz{ fpwkoh eh ;h.
fJj Bk ej' w?I d[y ftu rq;s jK. ;[yh th BjhI, d[y ;[y s'I w[es th BjhI. j[D w?Bz{ d[y d/
93
ekoB dk gsk brD bZrk j?, T[j fJj j? fe w/o/ s'I mhe BjhI fbfynk iKdk. ntZb sK
fbfynk jh BjhI iKdk. id'I fby u[edK e[M, T[j gVQB:'r BhI j[zdk. w/oh fbys fJ; soQK dh
j[zdh j? fit/I fe;/ iwKdo{ ngokXh dk fdb nekoB esb eoB Bz{ eo nkJ/ s/ eo d/t/ T[;
pzd/ dk esb fi;Bz{ edh ikDdk BjhI ;h.
@@fbyD t/b/ fJe fJe ;apd Bz{ w?I x[wk fcaok e/ d/ydK. ;apd th w/o/ jZE ftZu nkT[D s'I
gfjbK eJh tko w/o/ tb d/yd?. id'I tke g{ok j' iKd?, w?Bz{ ne;o eKpk fSV iKd? feT[Ife
p'bh Bz{ w?I nzdo sZe d/y frnk j[zBk, fBot;so, c/o w?I ;aowk e/ ibdh fBrkjK go/ eo b?Bk.
## gkme J/; soK w/oh fbys gfVQnk eoBr/ ;fji/ ;fji/, fit/I epfo;skB ftu j?N T[sko e/
b'e nkgD/ g[ofynK dhnK f;bK T[go fby/ tke gVQd/ jB.
@@g?rzpo w{;k ukbh ;kb :j{dhnK Bz{ wko{EbK ftu gs? feT[I uZeo eNkT[Idk G[Zy/ wkodk fojk<
cokT{B dk fdsk wk; yk yk e/ T[j w'N/ j' rJ/ ;B. uoph gzxokD bJh T[j fJXo T[Xo
fcodk fcoKdk fojk. id'I :j{dh w/o/ tor/ fgzio j' rJ/ c/o e?BkB ftu tVB fdZs/. w?I th
cb;shB ikD i'rk j' frnK j[D.
@@jhB(Heine) B/ iowB Gk;ak dk Bk; wko fds?. pdswhia B/ nzrh dh rzY y'bQ fdsh. j[D iDk yDk SkshnK u jZE wkoB Bz{ fcod?.
@@:j{dhnK Bkb w/ok eh fo;as?< w/ok sK y[d Bkb edh e'Jh fo;ask BjhI fojk.
@@w/o/ s'I w/oh b/yDh B/ ;G tk;BktK y'j bJhnK, ykDk ghDk, cb;cak, fJE'I sZe fe ;zrhs th.
J/Bh w/oh skes th BjhI ;h fe w?I ;ko/ Jh ezw eo ;edk. fbys T[go c'e; eoBk iao{oh ;h.
w/oh woiah Bkb e[M BjhI j'fJnk, w/oh fbys dh woiah Bkb j'fJnk. fbys w/oh fiazdrh j?.
pkeh ;kohnK uhiaK id'I wBch j' ikD, T[j fiazdrh t?;/ fizdrh fet/I ojh<
po'd T[;Bz{ r/N/ dh jt/bh fdykT[D tJhwko b? frnk. f;aZbo th fJE/ fojk ;h. r/N/ d/ t;so,
tos'I dhnK uhiak s/ fB;akBhnK d/ye/ ekcek T[dk; j' frnk, po'd Bz{ fejk - ekjBz{ nkT[Dk ;h
fJZE/. fbysK ftu T[j fiT[Idk ikrdk wfjedk fcodk fd;dk ;h. fJE/ sK w?Bz{ w/o/ wo/ pkp/
dhnK T[dk; t;sK fdZ;hnK.
nkgD/ gqek;ae Bz{ fbfynk - i/ s?Bz{ SkgD :'r br/ sK feskp Skg d/JhI. w?I pj[s j[f;nkoh
Bkb ezw ehs?. rbshnK sK jB ni/ th, go seVk T[;skd th cV BjhI ;edk. nkgDhnK
ewhnK Bz{ S[gkT[D dk BK jh ebk j?. fizBk tZvk e'Jh ebkeko UBk tZvk mZr.
T[;dh ;j/bh c/fb; B/ id'I ekcek nr/ ftnkj dh sithia oZyh sK T[;B/ fJT[I fJBeko ehsk,
@@eh eo/Irh ftnkj eoe/ w/o/ Bkb< ;akwh fszB ti/ dcso'I nkT[Bk. ykDk yke/ ;'"I ikBk. c/o
xzNk ;?o eodK. c/o nZXh oks s'I tXhe ;wK fbydk ofjzBk. edh edh fbyfdnK jh ;t/o j'
iKdh j?. podk;as eo bJ/Irh fJj ;G< fbyD t/b/ w?I fJeKs b'Vdk jK, fe;/ ;kX torh
fJeKs BjhI, w[od/ dh fJeKs. w"s sK e[ZM th BjhI, fbys, w"s s'I tXhe v[z{xh BhId j?. w[od/
Bz{ epo ftu'I pkjo X{jDk fezBk n"yk ezw j?, fJ;/ soQK w?I nkgD/ nkg Bz{ w/ia T[go'I go/ X{j Bh
;edk. fBok Boe j? fJj, fBok gkrbgD. fJjh w?Bz{ uzrk brdk j?, fJjh w/oh j'Dh j?
c/fb;.
gfjbk ft;at-:[ZX F[o{ j' frnk. w?e; fbydk j? - izr ;kBz{ gkrbgD brdk ;h. ;kvh ftrV/
S'efonK dh ghjVh ;h fijVh 50 ;kb nwB ftu ojh j'D eoe/ ;'udh ojh fe bVkJh j[D
edh j'fJrh jh BjhI. wB[ysk dk ;zskg d/yD bJh n;hI nzBQ/ ;K. ;kv/ u'I fe;/ Bz{ th f;nk;s
ftu fdbu;gh BjhI ;h. t?rBo dk ;zrhs, :j{dh Jh;kJh tok;s, fJzgo?;afB;N g/fNzr T[go
uouk ;kv/ bJh tXhe iao{oh ;h. oks' oks G{ukb nk frnk. n;hI g{o/ w{oy ;kps j'J/. n;hI
sK izr d/ fto'Xh th BjhI ;K. izr d/ fto[ZX pzdk nkyoeko fJj sK ikDdk j[zd? Bk fe izr
j'fJrh s/ fJ; dk fto'X eoB?. n;hI g{oB bkuko ns/ G?Ghs ;K.
ekcaek T[go e'Jh n;o BjhI ;h. fit/I e[M BjhI j' fojk j[zdk. w?e; po'd d[BhnK Bz{ jo jhb/
pukT[D bJh fcaeowzd ;h. ekcek y[d Bz{ puk b?Dk ekcah ;wMdk ;h, T[j nkgD/ nkg Bz{ puk
fojk ;h, :kBh fe brksko fby fojk ;h.
wfjzrkJh tXD bZrh. fJ; dk th T[; T[go tXhe n;o BjhI. fszB/ G?Dk ns/ u"Eh wK ok;aD
eZgV/ G/idhnK ofjzdhnK ;B. sBykj Bkb tXhnk r[ikok j'Jh iKdk. d[ekBk nZr/ bzwhnK
bkJhBk bZrhnK j[zdhnK. xzN/ xzN/ pkd ehwsK tX ojhnK ;B. edh edkJh T[j bzwh bkJhB
94
ftu fgS/ bZr iKdk. e[M yohdD bJh BjhI. feT[Ife pkeh b'e d[Zy MZb oj/ jB, T[; d[y dk
e[M fj;k tzvkD bJh xzfNnK pZXh yb'sk ofjzdk.
iowB gkme ns/ nkb'ue fJe wZs jB fe ekcek gVQBk j? sK iowB f;y'. T[; dh iapkB dh
ekN, ;zy/gsk, f;ZXk jwbk, i' fejk frnk, noE T[;d/ T[bN, ;apdK dh iVs ns/ c/o T[BQK dk
T[ukoD, fJ;dk nB[tkd j[zdk jh BjhI. NokfJb Bktb dk gfjbk tke j? - fe;/ B/ :ehBB
u[rbh ehsh j? feT[Ife e[M th rbs Bk eoB d/ pkti{d ;t/o ;ko g[b; T[;Bz{ frqcsko eoe/
b? rJh.##
fJ; fJe tke Bkb T[j dZ; fdzdk j? fe toswkB :[Zr dk jo ;t/ok gob' fbnkfJnk eo/rk.
p/e;{o/ b'e Nzr fds/ ikDr/ fIizBQK Bz{ nzs se gsk BjhI bZrDk j' eh fojk j?.
gokr ftu gkrb j' u[Ze/ izrh f;gkjhnk dk e?Ig bZr frnk. ;kb 1916 ftu 4 jiako f;gkjh
wB'o'r dk f;aeko ;B. ezgBh tb'I ekcek Bz{ fJBQK d/ phw/ d/ e/; fsnko eoB bJh G/fink
frnk ;h go T[j Bkb Bkb T[BQK dk fJbki th eodk. T[;B/ dkBhnK nr/ fbysK okjhI T[j
nghbK ehshnK fe XB dh ewh Bk ojh. ;oeko tb'I T[;Bz{ fJBkw d/D dk c?;bk j'fJnk.
sgfde T[;d/ c/cfVnK Bz{ ykD bZrh. p[yko ofjD bZr fgnk. yzx Bkb y{B d/ b'EV/ fBebd/.
T[j fBeh G?D UNbk d/ fgzv ubk frnk fiE/ fpibh th BjhI ;h. fJZE/ T[;Bz{ wBg;zd wkj"b
ns/ f;jstoXe y[oke fwbh. fJBQK fdBK Bz{ T[j nkgDh fiazdrh d/ ;G s'I ;[yh fdB wzBdk j?.
UNbk nkydh - fpwkoh fJE/ fyZu fbnkJh j? BjhI fJj ekjBz{ gokr Svdk ;h. fJE/ T[j
Nkb;NkfJ, joiaB s/ feoe/rkod Bz{ gVQdk ofjzdk.
fbfynk - w?I fJ; eoe/ fpwko BjhI j'fJnk fe ihtB d/ jo gZy s'I c/bQ j' frnk. w?I tZvk ezw
S/V fbnk. Xosh, jtk ns/ ekBz{B gq;zrjhD j' rJ/ jB, w?I Bt/I f;o/ s'I fJBQK dh f;oiDk
eoBh ukjh. w?I f;q;aNh dk nkfd jK. w?I f;aq;aNh dk nzs jK. vkfJoh ftubk tke- ftnkj, fgsk
g[oyh je{ws s'I nkiakdh j?. cb;shB, w"s s'I ;[szsosk j?. w?I fpwko j'D eoe/ cbk;shB BjhI
ik ;edk, fJ; eoe/ Be;a/ T[go nkgDh T[arb ;oeKdk ;oeKdk w?I gokr s'I cb;shB g[Zi
iKdk jK.
@@w"s tb iKdh ;Ve T[go J/B/ ;NZkg feT[I pDkJ/ rJ/<
@@w/o/ c/cV/ iaywh jB. ;kj b?IfdnK dod j[zdk j?. w?Bz{ uzd T[go ufbnk ikDk ukjhd?
fiE/ jtk BjhI.
fwb/Bk Bz{ fbfynk gZso - pkd d[gfjo nZXk fdB ;afjo dk r/Vk wkfonk. ;afjo :j{dhnK fto[ZX
Bcaos Bkb B[ZuV foj?. @rzdk y{B#, fJj j? :j{dhnK tk;s/ bcia. J/Bh Bcaos ftu'I fBeb e/
fes/ j'o ufbnk ikDk mhe oj/. ekeo'u Bz{ fizBk woih GikU, c/o o;'Jh ftu. fJT[I jK w?I
fJZE/ - fJj j? w/oh pjkdoh . pkoh ftu dh pkjo fdykJh d/ oj/ B/ x[V uVQ/ f;gkjh, jZEk
ftu ;zrhBK wVQhnK pzd{eK. d{i/ gk;/ jfEnkopzd dzrkekohnK d/ ekcab/HHHH.
@@i' tkgoBk j? ;' tkgo/rk. i' tkgfonk, T[jh tkgoBk ;h.
18 d;zpo 1920, T[;Bz{ wkdb/oh ;?B/N'ohnw ftu dkyb eotkfJnk frnk. fJj e'Jh j;gskb
BjhI, gjkVh T[go ;[jDk ;kc nkokwxo ;h. bkfJbki wohia nkokw Bkb nkyoh ;kj b? ;eD,
fJ; dk wB'oE J/Bk jh ;h.
fJZE'I T[;B/ w?e; Bz{ fbfynk - w?Bz{ gsk bZr? sz{ fwb/Bk e[Vh Bz{ fwbD ikJ/Irk. uzrh rZb j?.
fJj y[;ah w?Bz{ j[D edh Bk fwb/rh. w/o/ pko/ e[ZM g[S/ sK fJT[I dZ;h fit/I e'Jh wo w[e/ pzd/ dh
rZb ;[DkfJnk eod?. phs/ dh dk;sK.
fJE/ 17-18 ;kb dk fJe i[nkB T[jBz{ fwbD nkfJnk. T[jB/ ekcek dhnK eJh fbysK gVQhnK
j'JhnK ;B. edh jZ; g?Idk edh o' g?Idk. ekcek tk;s/ feskpK dk fJe pzvb fbnkfJnk. c/o
;/pK dh N'eoh. ekcek B/ fbfynk - efjzd? pVk y[;a jK. go fJjd/ fujo/ d/ ozr gb gb
pdbd/ B/. vo brd?. fe; ;a?skB dh nZr cZe foj? fJj w[zvk pJh<
fJj Gfty dk gqf;X ;akfJo r[;skt ikB[y ;h fi;B/ 25 ;kb pkd @@ekcek Bkb r[csr{##
feskp fbyh. J/BhnK rZbK, fe d' fibdK pD rJhnK. ekcaek dh jh nZr d/ cZe/ wko/ ;B
T[;B/.
fJeZb/ e?;b T[go jiakoK b/y$feskpK fbyhnK rJhnK. nB/e BiaohJ/ d/yD ftu nkJ//. w?e;
nB[;ko fJj o{jkBh pyf;a;a dk fuzBQ j?. fe;/ B/ fejk, fJj B"eo;akjh dk fuzBQ j?. fe;/ B/
i{vkfJiaw, fe;/ B/ oki ;Zsk, fe;/ B/ fJeZbsk dk nB[Gt s/ fe;/ B/ :;{ w;hj tZb Bz{ fbiKdk
95
okj dZf;nk. cokfJvtkdhnK ns/ ;a'f;ankb'fi;NK B/ fJ; dh nkgD/ fj;kp Bkb ftnkfynk ehsh.
;koso B/ fJ; Bz{ n;fsZstkd dk ;akjeko d;fdnK fejk fe p/ehws/ p/ozr ;z;ko ftu GNe/
wB[Zy dk ;zeN j? e?;Zb. f;w'B p/t[no B/ fbfynk - F[o{ ftu gsk jh BjhI brdk ;h T[;dh
fbys fdb ftu feT[I X{j gkT[Idh j?. ekcaek ;kB{z ;kv/ fdbK dhnK rZbK ;[DkT[Idk j?, oZp r?o-
jkiao j' frnk j?, nkdwh J/Bk pbtkB BjhI fe ngDk uokr nkg pD/. ;' w[eshdks/ dh sbk;a
ftu ;okghnK o{jK GNe ojhnK jB. g?rzpo fgsk B/ n;wkB s'I ekBz{B T[skoB' fJBeko eo
fdZsk j?. go ekBz{B sK T[skfonk ik u[Zek j?, Bt/I :[Zr nB[;ko n;hI fJ; d/ noE eoB dh
;woZEk r[nk p?m/ jK. ni'ek do;aB fJ; dh ftnkfynk eoB i'rk BjhI. J/Bk fJeZbk, J/Bk
r[gs j? fJj fe ;kvh iapkB fJ; d/ noEK dk Gko BjhI u[Zedh, go J/; rZb dk ;kBz{ gZek
gsk j? fe i/ fJ; Bz{ Bk wzfBnk n;hI spkj j'tKr/ :ehBB. vo ns/ T[dk;h ftnkge j?.
ikoi b{eku B/ ;yas iapkB ftu T[; Bz{ Gzfvnk, fejk, ekcek dh ouBk T[Zbh bZrk gq:'r
f;XKs j?. fJj b{eku dk gkoNh n?bkBBkwk ;h fJ; eoe/ Bk fe;/ B/ T[;dh rZb r"bh Bk
fJ; T[go e'Jh uouk eoBh :'r ;wMh rJh.
1963 gokr ftu iowB b/ye ekBcoz; j'Jh fi; ftu fejk frnk fe T[j r[nkuh wB[ysk dk
fgsk ;h. GNeD dk g?rzpo.
ekcek dk tke - fJe pzd dotki/ d/ dopkB ti'I w?I T[wo Go gfjok fdZsk fe e'Jh fJ; Bz{
y'bQ Bk d/t/. fe;/ Bz{ Bk w?I y'jbD fdZsk Bk nkg y'jfbnk. y[d py[d fJjB/ y[bQDk jh BjhI
;h. w/ok we;d g{ok j'fJnk.
f;nk;s T[go ftnzr, @@nypko Bk gVQ' sK ypoK e?g;{b pD pD nkT[IdhnK jB. ft;at :[ZX
f;yao s/ j?. ;oeko efj ojh j? d/; ftu g{oB ;aKsh j?, fe fJBh ;aKsh sK izr F[o{ j'D s'I
gfjbK th BjhI ;h. ;oeko goik d/ nfij/ yso/ d{o eo ojh j? fijV/ jB jh BjhI s/ fiBQK
pko/ b'e fceowzd BjhI. wfjzrkJh rbfjoh tKr uVQ ojh j?, fJ; pkps ;oeko ykw';a j?.
T[;B/ ngDh t;hns fsnko ehsh. ;kohnK fbysK w?e; po'd B{z ;"Ig fdshnK ikD s/ w?e; nZr
bk dJ/. T[;dh fJ; t;hns T[go w?e; jZf;nk eodk ;h, @@ekcek J/Bk e[ us[o sK j? Jh
;h- fe ouBktK T[; fwZso Bz{ ;g[od eoB dk j[ew d/e/ frnk fi; pko/ T[j ikDdk ;h fe
B;aN BjhI eo/rk. w?I sK T[; dk fJe fJe tke nkfJs tKr wZE/ s/ bkT[Idk jK.## id'I w?e; B/
T[; dhnK fbysK ekcek d/ woB fgS'I gqekf;as eoBhnK F[o{ eo fdshnK sd :'og ftu fJ;
rZb dk ipod;s fto'X j'fJnk fe fwqse dh t;hns B{z m[eokfJnk feT[I frnk. w?e; fto[ZX
rkbh rb'u d/ nzfrnko T[rb oj/ b'eK B{z gsBh d'ok B/ fejk- ekcek B/ e[M fbfynk, fJ;
dk gsk w?e; s'I jh bZrk s[jkB{z. jhfonK dh ykD w?e; d/ epia/ ftu nk rJh j?. ;z;ko
;d?t fJ; d/ dhdko eo/rk.
G?D UNbk B{z ys ftu fejk- fiT[Idk fojk sK cb;shB iktKrk. w[;aeb brdk j? t?;/. fjpo{
th pj[sh BhI nkT[Idh w?B{z. c/o th, uzpV/ ofjD bJh fJe nZX T[whd sK ngD/ e'b oZyDh
io{oh j?.
Gko/ fuzsB B{z pohe ;"Ido: ebk Bkb fb;aek e/ iowB iapkB ftu T[;B/ nkgD/ j[Bo dh XKe
fpmkJh go nyhob/ fdBh, id'I T[jB/ izr s'I pkd th EK go EK :j{dhnK dk esfbnkw j[zdk
d/fynk sK T[jB{z bZrk fe fjpo{ ;[oihs j'Dh iao{oh j?. @@iowB sK fJ; soK j? fit/I w?I gzx{V/
ftu' p/rkBk pZuk u[ok fbnkfJnk s/ n?bkB eo fdsk fe w/ok j?. w/ok eh j? fJ; ftu<@@
wo u[eh ebk;heb iapkB ftu w[V ikB gkT[D dk ezw 1885 ftu izw/ fbEtkBh :j{dh, nbhiao
fpB :j{dkj d/ fiaw/ nkfJnk. T[; B/ fJ; gqki?eN T[go T[wo ygk e/ toswkB fjpo{ dh
fve;aBoh :/o{;abw ftu fsnko ehsh. ;kb 1903 ftu izwh T[;dh ftfdnkoED g[nk fpB s'ftw
dh wK p'bh fjpo{ ;h fi; B{z nbhiao B/ ;kD s/ bkfJnk. T[j gokr g[Zih sK fjT{r' porwkB
T[;dh fbnkes d/ye/ dzr ofj frnk s/ fjpo{ ;e{b ftu nfXnkgek dk ezw d/ fdsk. ekcek
dk xo porwkB dh fojkfJ;a d/ B/V/ jh ;h. fJj e[Vh jcs/ ftu d' fdB ekcek B{z fjpo{
gVQk e/ iKdh. fJ;/ e[Vh s'I gq/oBk b? e/ porwkB B/ :/o{;abw ftu fjpo{ :{Bhtof;Nh dh
;EkgBk ehsh s/ T[;dk tkJh;uK;bo bZrk. fJj e[Vh d;dh j? fe ekcek tork j'o e'Jh
ftfdnkoEh BjhI d/fynk. fbydh j?, @@w/o/ ikD s'I gfjb'I T[j fjpo{ ;apdK dh bzwh bVh fsnko
eoe/ oydk fiBQK d/ fgS'eV pko/ ikDBk ukj[zdk. go c/cV/ sK T[; d/ oj/ BjhI ;B. edh
edkJhI sK J/Bh bzwh yzx fSVdh fe w?B{z ftu/ SZv e/ ikDk g?Idk. w?I ikD brdh sK ekbhnK
96
tZvhnK nZyK Bkb fJT[I sedk fit/I efjzdk j'J/- fJe ;apd j'o dZ;D bJh osk sK o[e, fco
fJe j'o, c/o fJe j'o. T[jB{z fJj tfjw j' frnk ;h fe e/tb fjpo{ Gk;ak T[; d/ d[ZyK dk
fJbki j?. wkfgnK e'b ofjzdk ;h, wK ;fji/ dotkik y'bQ e/ w?B{z nkydh- nkokw eoB fdT[
j[D. T[;dh fgnk; nw[Ze ;h. T[j pj[s ibdh pj[s tXhnk f;Zy fojk ;h, J/Bk tXhnk fe
nkyo po?BZo dk fjpo{ Bktb g{ok gVQ frnk.
19 ;kb dh fJj ;[jDh e[Vh :/o';abw s'I :'og, rfDs gVQB ns/ fjpo{ gVQkT[D rJh ;h go
:'og B/ fJ; d/ fdb T[go wkV/ gqGkt SZv/. T[; B{z :'og ekw[esk ftu roe j'Jh buo
;fGnsk bZrh. nkgDh T[wo s'I eJh r[Dk tXhe ge/oh ;h fJj e[Vh. ekcek B{z fejk eodh-
s{z mhe j'J/Irk. w?I fbiktKrh s?B{z g[ofynK d/ d/; :/o';abw.
ngq?b 1923 ftu fjT{r' porwkB :/o';abw s'I gokr nkfJnk s/ ekcek B{z fejk- w/o/ Bkb
uZbhI. w?I ;co ftu s/ok ;jkok j'tKrk s/ T[E/ w/oh e'mh ftu ojhI, :/o';abw fjpo{ :{Bhtof;Nh
ftu. nes{po ftu uZbKr/.
;co eoB dh skes goyD bJh T[j pofbB frnk. T[E/ ;kro feBko/ nBkE :j{dh pZfunK
dk e?Ig ;h. g{oph :'og d/ pZfunK Bz{ gZSwh :'og gkb g'; fojk ;h. T[j xzfNnK pZXh T[BQK d/
rhs, T[BQK dhnK febekohnK ;[Ddk, y/vK d/ydk. pZfunK Bz{ fBehnK fBehnK ;[rksK, ykD uhiaK
fdzdk. fJE/ pZfunK ftu T[;B/ ;?pZE (gftZso :j{dh fsT[jko) wBkfJnk. ihtB ftu gfjbh tko
nkgDh woiah Bkb T[;B/ Xkofwe o;wK fBGkJhnK. fJE/ jh T[;Bz{ fJe fdB d'ok dkfJwzd fwbh
i' nkyoh ;kjK se Bkb ojh. d'ok d;thI gk; ;h e/tb, J/Bk e[ th XZe/ Bkb gVQ rJh
feT[Ife :j{dh opJh (g[ikoh) fgsk e[VhnK dh gVQkJh d/ fybkca ;h, fjpo{ sK fpbe[b BjhII gVQB
d/Dh. g?razpo d/ p'b iaBkBhnK d/ t; dh rZb BhI, T[; dk fJj fynkb ;h. go 19 ;kb dh
fJ; e[Vh Bz{ fjpo{ ns/ f:Zfd;a p'bh T[go raiap dk np{o jk;b j'fJnk. ekcek dh fiazdrh
ftu eJh n"osK nkJhnK go T[;dh gsBh j'D dk jZe jk;b eoB tkbh e/tb d'ok ;h.
nZs dh rohph G[rs oj/ fpwko ekcaek dk nkyoh fsDek d'ok pDh. nr;s ftu fijVk ewok
20 eokT{B dk fbnk, ;szpo ftu T[j 70 eokT{B dk ns/ nes{po ftu 180 eokT{B dk j'
frnk. fpb Bk GoB eoe/ fpibh, r?; d/ e[B?e;aB eZN/ rJ/. fwZNh d/ s/b dk ;N't fbnKdk.
s/b Bk j[zdk sK w'wpsh T[go po?v row eoe/ yk b?Id/. ekcek nkydk - nkgK :/o";abw ik e/
o/;sok y'bQKr/ d'ok. sz{ ykD uhiaK fsnko efonk eohI, w?I t/No dk ezw eoKrk.
d'ok jZ; g?Idh. T[;Bz{ g{ok gsk ;h ;awk d/ nkyoh fb;aeko/ jB fJj. T[;Bz{ nzXekowJh GftZy
dk gsk ;h. go T[j n"os ;h. ihtB Bz{ ns/ nk; Bz{ fizBk x[ZN e/ n"os cVdh j?, j'o e'Jh
BjhI. ewf;B, ;[jDh, db/o ns/ ;wMdko e[Vh fJe wohi, w"s d/ fp;so T[go i{M oj/ wohia
Bkb nkgDh fiazdrh BZEh eo ojh ;h. fJ; :j{dD dk fB;auk ;h fe fiazdrh w"s Bz{ gSkV/rh.
T[;Bz{ eowksK ftu ft;atk;a ;h. T[;Bz{ nodk; ftu ft;atk;a ;h. fejk eodh - fJjB/ w/ok bV
cfVn?. cayo eoB :'r g?rzapoK dh Xh jK w?I, wzMdko ftu E'Vk SZvKrh j[D.
d'ok s'I ihtB ftu f;oc fJe G[Zb j'Jh. ekcek B/ T[;B{z fejk - w/ohnK vkfJohnK ;kV d/j.
T[;B/ ekcek dhnK nZyK ;kjwD/ vkfJohnK oky dk Y/o eo fdZshnK. ;koh T[wo T[; Bz{
gSsktk fojk go fejk eodh - T[d'I w/oh T[wo nkyk w'VB dh j? Jh BjhI ;h, eh uzr? eh
p[ok, w?Bz{ eh gsk ;h. T[j w/ok wkbe ;h. w?I fJBeko fet/I eodh<
c/o th pj[s ;kohnK vkfJohnK ns/ fbysK T[;B/ ;zGkb bJhnK. go d{ih tZvh izr ;w/I BkiahnK
B/ T[j epia/ ftu b? bJhnK s/ fco edh Bk bZGhnK. ekcek dh w"s fgZS'I T[j o{; ftu ubh
rJh ;h. ofjzdhnK y{zjdhnK fbysK, c'N'nK ns/ fB;akBhnK o{; dh y[chnk g[b; B/ ips eo
bJhnK fiBQK dk e'Jh y[ok BK fwfbnk. fJ; e[Vh dk ihtB nZyo p nZyo w"s Bz{ jok d/D dh
dk;skB j?. ihtB d/ nNZb c?;b/ sfjs T[j :/o';abkw dh fiankos eoe/ nkJh.
ekcek dh jkbs ftrVdh rJh. @i';fcB d f;zro# ;?B/N'ohnw ftu fbyh T[;dh nkyoh ejkDh
j?. sgfde T[;dh ;kj Bkbh ns/ rb/ ftu g[Zi rJh. gkDh sZe Bk bzxdk. w?e; po'd jo
o'ia jkiaoh Godk, ;kok ;kok fdB p?mk ofjzdk. ekcek fejk eodk - fJe' tko w?I tvk rbk;
gkDh dk ;[ZN fbnk eodk ;K nzdo, fgsk Bkb tZvk phno dk wZr ghIdk. T[; dk eZgfVnK ;D/
Gko 45 feb' ofj frnk. ebhnK Bkb bZdhnK NkjDhnK ;ah;/a d/ iko ftu gkDh gke/ d'ok o'rh
;kjwD/ oZy fdzdh sK nkydk - ebhnK wodhnK wodhnK th fezB/ nkokw Bkb gkDh ghJh
iKdhnK jB. wodk wodk pzdk gkDh gh ;e/, fJj Bh j' ;edk.
97
d'ok tZb d/yfdnK nkydk - dod pj[s j' foj? d'ok. sz{ J/Bk ezw eodhI n?I, d/yh ikBk, fJj
dod tyoh fe;w dk j?. go mhe n?. w/o/ wZE/ s/ nkgDk jZE oZy s/ ;aKs eo.
T[;B/ vkeNoK Bz{ fejk - j[D nkyoh Nhek bk fdT[. r[Z;/ ftu T[;B/ fwZso vkeNo Bz{ fejk -
sz{ w/ok fgsk, iZi ns/ oZp BjhI j?I. i/ J/; t/b/ sz{ w?Bz{ Bk wkfonk sK sz{ w/ok eksb j'J/Irk.
;wfMnk< d?th ekBz{B w/o/ jZe ftu B/, w?I ikDdK. d/o BK eo.
T[; d/ wkochB dk tZvk Nhek bk fdsk frnk. nZyK pzd j'DhnK F[o{ j' rJhnK. dtkJh n;o
eoB bZrh. vkeNo B/ T[; dk f;o cV fbnk. ekcek Bz{ bZrk, G?D n?bh j?, fejk - d{o j'e/
p?m n?bh, go/ jN e/.
S{s dh fpwkoh ekoB G?Dk Bz{ d{o pfjD bJh fejk eodk ;h. vkeNo ukj[zd/ ;B fe d'ok fJ;
xVh pkjo ubh ikJ/. T[j ikD tkbh feZE/ ;h< vkeNo B/ fejk - d'ok ikj, c"oB ekcek d/
wkfgnK Bz{ sko d/j. T[j ubh rJh. p/j';ah ftu ekcek B/ fejk - s[;hI Bk ikfJU w/o/ e'b'I
d{o. w?I iktKrk.
tkg; nkJh sK wohia ik u[Zek ;h. d'ok r[bd;sk b?e/ nkJh ;h. c[Zb T[;B/ ekcek d/ wZE/
Bkb S[jKfdnk fejk - fezB/ ;[jD/ c[Zb, d/y ekcek. riap j' frnk. osk e[ f;o T[mk e/ c[Zb
;z[x/. uwseko. yZph nZy y'bQ e/ d'ok tZb d/fynk. j'mK s/ w[;ekB nkJh. p'b e'Jh Bk
fBefbnk. d'ok B/ T[;dh Sksh T[s/ ezB Gko f;o oZy fdZsk. pj[s wZXw, fdb dh XVeD.
nkyaoh XVeD s/ nkyoh ftSVdk ;kj e/tb d'ok B/ ;[fDnk, d'ok B/ d/fynk, @@s/o/ d[Zy yasw
ekcek, w/o/ d[Zy F[o{.##
vkeNo B/ w?e; po'd Bz{ fbfynk - fi;B/ d'ok BjhI d/yh, fet/I ikD/rk gqhs eh j[zdhn?. w?e; B/
fbfynk- id'I ;wK nkfJnk fe fiazdrh ns/ w"s ftu'I fe;dh u'D eoBh j?, T[d'I fJj d[Zfush ftu
g?D tkbk pzdk j? Jh BjhI ;h. w?I fJj d/o s'I ikDdK.
gokr ftu T[;Bz{ dcBkfJnk frnk, @u[V/b ngD/ gzfink ftu'I Sv/rh BjhI.# fJZE/ gzi i[pkBk ftu
T[; dk ;zy/g ihtB fpT[ok fbfynk j?. fi; gokr ftu T[;dh epo pDh, T[E/ T[; dhnK
fbysK T[go gkpzdh bZrh. noB;N gkt/b fbydk j? - ekcek dk ;z;ko nBzs o";aBh d/ ;kjwD/
nzBQk j' iKdk j?. T[;dhnK fbysK B/ gqtkBs ft;atk;aK dhnK iVQK fJ; eoe/ BjhI fjbkJhnK fe
T[;Bz{ ;Zu gqkgs j' frnk. feT[Ife T[j pzdk ;h, ;Zu Bk fwfbnk sK T[;B/ B/ eZu Bkb
okiahBktK BjhI ehsk. T[;d/ nzsjeoD @u'I ns/ ;kcr' gftZso fbys @u'I nkdwh Bz{ nkdwh j'D
dk ;zskg ;kca fd;dk j?.
ekcek d/ e[ZM p'b L
@@w/ok ihtB fizBk ;[rzXhnK Gfonk fwmk; g{oB ;h ;z;ko ftu fe;/ B/ T[j fwmk; BjhI d/yh.
w/ok nzs fizBk e"Vk j"t/rk, T[j e[VZsD fe;/ d/ fjZ;/ BjhI nkJ/rh.
@@w?Bz{ e'Jh BjhI ;wM ;fenk. fijVk w?Bz{ ikD ikJ/rk, dkntk efonk eo/rk fe T[; B/ oZp Bz{
ikD fbnk j?.
@@fJe gVkn nfijk j[zdk j? fiE'I tkg;h ;zGt BjhI j[zdh. fJ; EK T[go gj[zuDk gt/rk jh
gt/rk.
@@feE/ nk frnk w?I< fJZE/ ;kj tZyoh soQK dk j?, fJE/ sko/ dh feoB ;{oi dh feoB s'I fes/
tXhe fsZyh ns/ skesto j?.
@@fJZE/ w?I nokw Bkb b/Ndk jK. fBx wkDdk jK. p/nzs fwZmh BhId ;"Idk jK. g{oB ;zs[;aN jK,
jo fJZSk g{oh j'Jh feT[Ife w/ok e'Jh EK fNekDk j?,## nkgDh y[Zv ftZu b/fNnk ehVk fJT[I
;'funk eod?.
@@;kjwD/ fgnko j'J/ iK w"s, e/tb d' w"fenK T[go sz{ y[d Bz{ ikD/rk. fJj d' w"e/, fJe' w"ek
j? do n;b.
@@feskp dk n;bh s/ ;[szso ;cao T[;d/ b/ye dh w"s pkd F[o{ j[zdk j?.
@@eh pD ikJ/Irk, fJ;dh EK fJj d/y, sz{ j?I eh.
@@;Zu, nBzs jB/ok g;ko j?. gfjbK v{zxkD ftu Skb wko', vz{x/ T[Zso', fco s/ia jZE g?o wko
e/ sb T[go nkU s/ j;fdnK j;fdnK, w"s fto[ZX bVfdnK, r[nkuk ;kj bZG' s/ cZV'. w"s d/
iZc/ ftu'I fBeb' sK Xosh T[gobhnK t;sK j'o fb;ae ikDrhnK.
@@uVQd/ ikUr/ sK g"Vh d/ vzv/ T[go tZb/ j'o i[Vd/ ikDr/. ikd{ tKr Bt/I vzv/ i[Vd/ ikDr/.##
98
@@pdh s[jkBz{ fes/ fJ; soQK dk w[iow Bk pDk dJ/ fe s[jkBz{ ft;atk; j' ikJ/ s[;hI pdh s'I e[M
S[gk th ;ed/ j'.
@@fJBebkp dk itkoGkNk T[so iKdk j? sK fgS/ BthI B"eo;akjh dh MZr pudh j?. bkb chs,/
iaywh wB[Zysk dhnK ;zrbhnK pD iKd/ jB.
@@u{j/ B/ fejk - nca;'; ;z;ko fezBk S'Nk j' foj?. F[o{ ftu fJj J/Bk tZvk ;h fe vo brdk
;h, d"Vdk d"Vdk w?I jca iKdk. w?I y[;a j'fJnk fe j"bh j"bh ezXK ;oedhnK ;oedhnK B/V/ nk
rJhnK. go pkd ftu j[D J/BhnK B/V/ j' rJhnK B/ fe w?I fJe yz{i/ ftu cf;nk p?mk jK.
o;s/ ftu e[fVeh d/y e/ o[fenk sK nktkia nkJh, fd;ak pdb. w?I d{i/ okj tZb d"fVnk fiZXo'I
nktkia nkJh ;h. T[E/ fpZbh yb'sh ;h..
@@ektK dk dkntk j? fe fJeZbk eK ;[or Bz{ spkj eo ;ed?. mhe, eo ;ed?. go ektK Bz{
fJ; rZb dk gsk BjhI fe ;[or efjzd/ jh T[; EK Bz{ B/ fiE/ eK BjhI g[Zi ;ed/.
@@w/o/ nzdo e'Jh nwo nfpBk;ah ;aesh j?,## fJ; ft;atk; s'I pr?o nkdwh fiT[Idk BjhI ofj
;edk.
@@g{oB T[vhe, ;akBdko j?. fi;dh T[vhe j? T[j nZy'I go'yk j?, p/nzs d{o, god/ d/ fgZS/. Bk
iakbw j? T[j, Bk d[fuZsh ftu j?, Bk p'bk j?. ;jh Bkw b?e/ i/ ;jh ;apd T[uko'I sK p[bkT[D
s/ nk ikJ/rk. fJjh ikd{ dk sZs;ko j? i' f;oidk BjhI, p[bk b?Idk j?.
@@fi;Bz{ fiazdrh pkjtK ftu GoBh nk rJh, T[j w"s s'I BjhI vo/rk.
@@nkdwh dk d[ywJh fujok pZu/ dk w{ofSs ft;wkd j[zdk j?.##
@@ewo/ ftu'I pkjo ikD dh b'V BjhI. p?m/ oj' s/ ;[D'. ;[D' th Bk, T[vhe'. T[vhe th Bk eo'
p/;ae, p; u[g ns/ ;aKs j' ikT[. ;z;ko s[jkv/ ;kjwD/ yb' e/ x[zv T[skoB dh ikuBk eo/rk.
fJ; nZr/ j'o e'Jh o;sk BjhI. ft;wkfds j'e/ ;z;ko s[jkv/ edwk T[go b/N/rk.
@@e'Jh uhia j? nfijh, fi; dk fj;kp BjhI j'fJnk.
fwb/Bk Bz{ ys ftu - s/oh w/oh fiazdrh i/ d[ywJh BK j[zdh sK nkgK fezB/ ;aow;ko j[zd/ fwb/Bk.
@@w?Bz{ nkgDhnK fgSbhnK rbshnK dk e'Jh nca;'; BjhI, w?I T[BQK ft;atk;K eoe/ ;aofwzdk jK
fiBQK Bz{ w?I ;Zu wzB fbnk ;h.
@@ysfonK s'I pu e/ fBebdk fojk jw/;ak, pjkdo BjhI, Gr"Vk jK.
fbys dh ;wkgsh eofdnK fJj f;ano s?odk j'fJnk toe/ T[gZo nk T[sZfonkL
e?;k nkbw j? fe o";aBh sbt'I w/I u[Gsh j?,
fe;h B/ s'V eo fpyok dhnk j' nkJhBk i?;/.
ekcek ;kfjs
The Trial, The Castle, The Metamorphosis, The Bridge, The Hunter Gracches, The
Bucket Rider, Jackals and Arabs, The New Attorney, A Country Doctor, In the Gallery, A
Visit to the Mine, The Next Village, A Fratricide, The Neighbor, The Great Wall of
China, An Old Manuscript, The Knock at the Manor Gate, Eleven Sons, A Cross breed,
Report to an Academy, The Worry of a Family Man, Guardian of the Tomb, Meditations
on Sin and Hope, The City Coat of Arms, The Problem of Our Laws, The Vulture, The
Test At Night, The Conscription of Troops, The Helmsman, The Top, The Home Coming,
First Sorrow, The Departure, Advocates, A Hunger Artist, The Married Couple, Give It
Up, On Parables, Investigations of a Dog.
99
fwb/Bk
(fezBk ;woZE, fezBk t}Bdko Bkw j? fwb/Bk, fJzBk Gkoh fe u[e Bk ;e'. gfjbK fJj Bkw w?B{z
yak; uzrk Bk bZrk, fit/A :{BkBh iK e'Jh o'wB Bkw GNedk GNedk p'fjwhnK ubk frnk j't/
fiE/ u?eK B/ dfozdrh Bkb fJ; B{z e[ufbnk j't/ s/ XZe/ Bkb fe;/ e[Vh d/ ;zx ftu'A pkjo
fyZfunk j't/. i' th j?, ozr s/ B?D BeF nfij/ fe fJ; FkBkwZsh n"os B{z pkjK ftu fbnk ik
;e/. d[BhnK s'A d{o, nZr s'A d{o, w?A BjhA ikDdk T[j e"D ;h, wBwoih Bkb nksw ftFtk;
Bkb T[j pkjK ftu ;wk iKdh. T[; nzdo fgnko pjkdoh ns/ pohe fdqFNh d/ r[D jB.fJj
;ko/ r[D T[j nkgD/ fsnkr ftu ;[ZN fdzdh j? iK fco fJj ej' fe T[j fsnkrD j? fi;
eoe/ fJj r[D T[;d/ fJod frod fJeZm/ j' rJ/ jB -ekcek)
ekcek Bkb fi; fi; dk B/V/ dk ;zgoe fojk, T[; T[go e[ZM Bk e[M fbfynk ns/ gfVQnk ik
;edk j? feT[Afe p"fXe o'FBh s'A ;ZyDk T[;d/ ;zgoe ftu ofj BjhA ;h ;edk. tXhe wod ns/
n"osK nfijhnK jB fiBQK ekcek dk gqGkt ep{fbnk s/ nfijk eoB ftu wkD j'fJnk. b/yeK
ftu'A Fq'wDh w?e; po'd j? s/ d{ih nkw fijh d;thA gk; e[Vh d'ok i' XZe/ Bkb T[;dh gsBh
pDh . frnkjothA ebk; ftu fcf}e; d/ gq'c?;o B/ w?rB/fN}w dk nfXnkfJ F[o{ eoB tes
w/oh ebk; B{z g[ZfSnk- ftfdnkoEhU, w?rBN fe; t;s{ B{z nkgD/ tZb fyudk j?< ;koh ebk; d/
jZE yVQ/, fJe }pkB ftu p'b/- b'j/ B{z. gq'c?;o B/ fejk- fJjh rbs rZb s[jkv/ u/s/ ftu'A pkjo
eZYDh j?. ;e{b ftu s[jkB{z fJj' dZf;nk frnk ;h. ;[D'. u[zpe j'o fe;/ t;s{ B{z BjhA fyudk,
f;tkfJ u[zpe d/. b'jk id'A u[zpeh y/so ftu nkT[Adk j? sK u[zpeh bfjoK d/ gqGkt ;dek u[zpe
pD iKdk j? sd nkgD/ fto'Xh Xo[t B{z u[zpe nkgD/ tZb fyZu b?Adk j?. XksK ftu'A e/tb b'jk,
u[zpe pDB bJh fsnko j' iKdk j? fJ; eoe/ u[zpe tZb fyfunk iKdk j?. i' XksK u[zpeh y/so
ftu nk e/ th fBT{Nob ofjzdhnK jB, u[zpe dk T[BQK Bkb e'Jh ;o'eko BjhA j[zdk.
pkeh ;kfonK Bkb'A fwb/Bk fJ; eoe/ ftF/F j? fe T[j ekcek s'A gqGkfts BjhA j'Jh, Bk ekfcek
T[; s'A, sd th d'tK dk ;zgoe bzwk ;wK fojk. d't/A nkgD/ nkg ftu ;zg{oB ;zs[FN Nkg{ ;B
fiBQK B/ fJe d{i/ dh j'Ad B{z ;thekfonk th ;fsekfonk th go fBob/g ns/ ;[szso oj/. ekcek
dk ihtB, F[ZX f;XKs, fBowb nB[Gt j? fijVk nwb ftu BjhA nkfJnk. fwb/Bk B/ e'Jh
dkoFfBe f;XKs BjhA f;ofink. T[;dk ihtB T[j eow y/so ;h fi;B{z cb dh gqtkj BjhA.
ftFt ;fGnksk dhnK E'VQhnK fijhnK T[BQK n"osK ftu'A j? fwb/Bk, fiBQK s'A gq/oBk bJh ik ;e/.
fwb/Bk dh gqwkfDe ihtBh T[;dh ;j/bh wkorq/N p{po fBT{wB B/ fbyh j?. edh d't/A efwT{fB;N
;B, fJe d{ih B{z ot/A; po[Ze s;hjk e/Ado ftu fwbhnK. fwb/Bk B/ fejk, nkgK d't/A fwb e/
fJE'A d/ ihtB pko/ fbyKrhnK. id'A fwb/Bk B{z gZek :ehB j' frnk fe w?A j[D puKrh BjhA sK
wkorq/N B{z fejk- s?B{z fJeZbh B{z fbyDh gt/rh feskp. wkorq/N B/ fejk- go w?B{z fbyDk Bh
nkT[Adk. fwb/Bk jZ; gJh- s?B{z gsk Bh, fwb/Bk Bkb d';sh eoB tkbk pzdk ihBhn; j' iKd?.
s{z feskp fby/Arh s/ ;z;ko s/oh feskp gVQ/rk. wkorq/N pu rJh. fojk j' e/ T[;B/ fwb/Bk
dhnK :kdK d/ edwK ftu p?m e/ feskp fbyh.
feskp d/ gfjb/ nfXnkfJ dk f;ob/y j?- fbyKr/ d[ZyK dh feskp’. w[Yb/ FPpd jB- fJe d{ih
B{z ni/ E'V/ e[ fdBK s'A ikDB bZrhnK ;K. go T[d'A fdBK d/ eh wkfJB/ id'A ;wK xzfNnK ns/
fwzNK dh EK fdb dhnK XVeDK Bkb fwfDnk iKd?.
fwb/Bk, u?e';btkehnk dh ;h s/ wkor/qN iowB. g{ok Bkw fwb/Bk i/;?A_;eh. gsk bZrk fe fwb/Bk
gZsoeko ;h. fJe iowB n"os okjhA fwb/Bk B/ wkorq/N sZe ;[B/jk G/fink, fwbDk j?. T[j
ikDBk ukj[zdh ;h fe eh fJj ;Zu j? fe ;'thns d/; ftZu iowBh d/ ckfF}w fto'Xh FoBkoEh
ekwo/v, ;NkfbB B/ fjNbo d/ jtkb/ eo fdZs/ jB<
s;hjk e/Ado dhnK T[ZuhnK ezXK T[go b'j/ dhnK ezv/dko tkVK ;B fiBQK ftu fpibh SZvh j[zdh.
gfjbh w[bkeks dk gfjbk tke- w?A jK gokr dh fwb/Bk. jZE fwbkfJnk sK fwb/Bk B/ fejk-
;fji/ wkorq/N, iowB sohe/ Bkb jZE Bk fwbk, w/ohnK T[ArbhnK ;[ZihnK j'JhnK B/. T[;dk dk
pdozr fujok sebhcK Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk ;h go nZyK ftu uwe ns/ p'bK ftu T[j skes
100
fe wkorq/N G[Zb rJh fJj n"os ew}'o j?. bzwk eZd, sokF/ j'Am, fsZyk BZe, u"Vk wZEk s/
x[zrokb/ tkb d;d/ fe fdb fdwkr dh nwhoh ;kjwD/ yb'sh j?.
fJe d{ih Bkb rZb eoB dh wBkjh ;h. gfjo/dko brksko u"e;h oyd/, wkor/qN vodh ojh,
e'Jh d/y Bk bt/, go fwb/Bk fJ; soQK FKs fit/A fe;/ Ffjo d/ tZv/ gkoe ftu nokw Bkb
yb'sh rZbK eoh ikJ/, nkb/ d[nkb/ s'A nBikD. fJ; gb pko/ wkorq/N fbydh j?- w/o/ ;kjwD/
nyzv nkswk ;h, ngwkfBs ns/ e[ubhnK j'JhnK n"osK ftu e/tb fJe n}kd n"os.
fwb/Bk B{z ezw ubkT{ iowB nkT[Adh ;h go wkorq/N Bkb rZbK eofdnK E'VQ/ ;w/A ftu T[;dh
Fpdktbh ns/ T[ukoD n;kXkoD jZd sZe F[ZX j' rJ/. gfjbh w[bkeks s'A pkd wkor/qN id'A
nkgDh p?oe ftu tkg; nkJh sK fbydh j?, “w?A pkeh ;G tk;s/ nzBQh s/ p'bh j' rJh ;K. w/o/
ti{d ftu fJe tke dk pko pko ;zuko j' fojk ;h- nkJh n??w fwb/Bk nkc gokr . pko
pko fJj bc} d[jokT[Adh, w/ok BFk tXh iKdk.
gfjbh ;z;ko izr ftu :j{dhnK dk esfbnkw F[o{ j'fJnk sK wkorq/N nkgD/ puk tk;s/ ;'thns
d/; ubh rJh ;h. j}koK efwT{fB;NK B/ fJ; nk; Bkb FoD bJh ;h fe ;'thns d/F T[BQK
B{z puk bt/rk go T[E/ fJBQK B{z s;hjk e/AdoK ftu oZfynk frnk s/ nkyo 1940 ftu ;NkfbB
B/ iowB r/;Nkg' (g[b;) d/ jtkb/ eo fdZs/. wkorq/N B/ ;NkfbB dhnK eos{sK dk gq?Z; ftu
godkckF eo fdZsk. iowBk B/ sK T[; T[go efjo Ykj[Dk jh ;h, efwT{fB;N e?dh n"osK B/
T[;B{z fJ; eoe/ s;hj// fdZs/ fe T[j ;NkfbB fto[ZX M{mk gouko eo ojh ;h. e}ke;skB d/
ekokrzvk s;hjk e/Ado s'A pkd T[j fJ; iowB s;hjk e/Ado ftu nkJh. iowB e?dDK B/ T[;
B{z rZdko, d/F-X'qjD dk fyskp fdZsk. fJ; d{joh jZse s'A p/gqtkj wkor/qN B/ fbfynk- i/ w?A
fJ; i/bQ dh EK fe;/ j'o i/bQ ftu pzdh ehsh iKdh sd w?A fwb/Bk B{z fet/A fwbdh<
pofbB s'A 50 whb d{o fJ; e/Ado ftu gzi j}ko n"osK pzdh ;B. :[ZX ysw j'D se fJBQQK
dh frDsh gzikj j}ko j' rJh ;h. tXhe n"osK T[j ;B fiBQK B{z gsk BjhA ;h T[BQK B{z fJE/
feT[A fbnKdk frnk. pzdhnK B{z mzY ftu oZfynk iKdk, G[Zy/ wkfonk iKdk s/ e[ZfsnK tork
ftjko j[zdk. rkbK, e[ZNwko nkw rZb ;h. fiT[Ad/ ofjD tk;s/ nkw e?dh e[M th eoB bJh
fsnko j' iKd/, w[ypoh sK eh, jkewK d/ efjD s/ ;kEhnK dh e[ZNwko eo fdzd/. e/tb fwb/Bk
puh, i' N[ZNh BjhA. T[j ;kfonK B{z Xotk; fdzdh. nkgD/ pkps dZ;D ftu T[j fJe fwzN th
popkd BK eodh. T[j ikDBk ukj[zdh j[zdh. ekwb gZsoeko tKr T[j fJ; soQK ;tkb eodh
fe ;kjwD/ tkbh n"os T[;B{z nkgDh ;j/bh ;wMD bZr/. T[;B/ wkorq/N B{z i' ;tkb g[S/, nfij/
;B fe T[Zso fdzfdnK T[;B{z T[j e[M :kd nk frnk i' ed/ dk G[Zb ft;o frnk j'fJnk
;h.fJ; nk; Bkb T[;B/ ;kEh e?dhnK d/ Bkw fby/ i' o{; d/ w[FZes e?AgK ftu pzd ;B, fe
edh T[BQK B{z fwb/rh. T[j sK T[j rhs th fby b?Adh fijV/ e?dh rkfJnk eod/ ;B. wkorq/N
s'A T[;B/ g[ZfSnk, fezBh d/o sZe efwT{fB}w ftu s/ok ftFtk; fEo fojk< eh s?B{z gZek :ehB j'
frnk ;h fe efwT{fB;N jo/e B{z ezw, o'Nh ns/ n}kdh d/Dr/< d't/A j?okB j[zdhnK fe gkoNh dh
GNeD ns/ n;cbsktK tk;s/ efwT{fB;N B/sk fe; jZd se pjkB/ xVB ftu wkjo jB. d'tK
B/ efwT{fB;N ufosojhDsk dhnK iVQK y'ihnK.
fwb/Bk ekov j'bvo gkoNh w?Apo ;h. T[; tes o{;h efwT{fB;N fJBebkp d[BhnK Go bJh
gq/oBk ;o's pD frnk. fwb/Bk gkoNh tb'A fdZsk jo co} ndk eodh. T[;B/ edh efwT{fB;N
o{; dk d"ok BjhA ehsk go gZsoekoh d"okB i' sZE T[;d/ ;kjwD/ nkJ/, T[;B/ nkgDk ekov
N[eV/ eoe/ gkoNh d/ dcso ftu trkj fdZsk. gkoNh B/ n?bkB ehsk fe T[;B{z eZY fdZsk
frnk j?. ;NkfbB dh F[ZXheoB bfjo d/ T[;B/ pyhJ/ T[X/VB/ F[o{ eo fdZs/. o/vhU wk;e' d/
gquko ftzr nr/ T[;B/ gqFB oZy/- u?Ze efwT{fB;N ns/ ;kXkoB ekw/ fijV/ ;'thns o{; rJ/ ;B
T[BQK dk eh j'fJnk< eh fJj ;Zu BjhA fe T[BQK ftu'A tXheso i/bQK ftu jB< b'eK Bkb
fBgND dk o{;h sohek fJj' j?. b'e fJzB/ wk;{w j[zd/ B/, Go';k eo p?md/ B/ fe o{; ftu
;[oZfynk fwb/rh. efwT{fB;N FoBkoEhnK ftu pj[s ;ko/ nfij/ b'e o{; ftu jB fiBQK dh w?A
pVh fJ}s eodh jK. fJj' fij/ th B/ fiBQK B{z w?A fpbe[b g;zd BjhA eodh. w/oh g;zd iK Bk
g;zd dk eh j?< w?A ;kfonK dh ;bkwsh bJh d[nk eodh jK.’ T[;d/ fJj eEB 8 wkou 1939
B{z Sg/.
101
fdB oks T[j mzY ns/ G[Zy ekoB ezpdh ofjzdh. ghbk fujok s/ ;[Zi/ jZE d/y e/ wkorq/N fJe
fdB nkgD/ fjZ;/ dh po?v okFD fwb/Bk e'b b? rJh. fwb/Bk B/ Bkok} j'e/ fJj ;wkB jZE
Bkb go/ ;oek fdZsk. T[;B{z e'Jh e[ZS d/ ;edk j?, fJj wzBD bJh T[j fsnko BjhA ;h.
T[;dk e'Jh BjhA ;h, fJedw fJeZbh ;h go wkorq/N dk Gfonk Ge[zBk gfotko ;h fi; B{z fwbD
tk;s/ T[j nk;tzd ;h, fco th, fwb/Bk T[go e'Jh so; eo/ T[;B{z wB}{o BjhA ;h.
T[j ;w/A dh gkpzd Bk ofjzdh, go/v ftu nZr/ fgS/ nkgDh w;sh ftu nkb/ d[nkb/ s'A p/ypo
j[zdh. i/bQ nc;oK dk j[ew wzBDk sK dofeBko T[BQK dh vKN vgN eo fdzdh. fJe fdB ;G
e?dDK gq/v eoB ik ojhnK ;B sK fwb/Bk dh B}o p;zs dhnK e[zpbK ns/ c[ZbK T[go gJh.
T[j yb' e/ r"D bZr gJh. ;kEh e?dDK r[Z;/ ftu MgN e/ gJhnK sK p'bh- s[;hA izwhnK jh
e?d eZND t;s/ j'. r[bkwh s[jkvhnK jZvhnK ftu tV u[Zeh j?.
e?dhnK T[go e?dh fBrokB, e?dh Bo;K, e?dh vkeNo s/ e?dh w[ypo oZy/ iKd/. fwb/Bk fejk
eodh- fezBh n;kBh Bkb e?dh nkgD/ ;kEhnK d/ fybkc nkgD/ d[FwD dh wdd eoB bZr iKd/
jB. d' efwT{fB;N n"osK fwb/BK B{z pkjo'A fwbD nkJhnK fJj efj e/ rJhnK- ;kB{z gsk bZr
frnk j? s{z sk;eh dh u/bh j?_ fJ; eoe/ ;'thns d/; dh pdBkwh eodh j?A. fwb/Bk B{z Xweh
d/AfdnK fJBQK n"osK ftu'A fJe p'bh, u?e ;wki dh fJ}Zsdko w?Apo oj/A_rh fe pdBkw wkorq/N dh
;j/bh< d'jK ftu'A fJe u[D b?. -;'uD dh b'V BjhA, fwb/Bk B/ fejk- wkorq/N Bkb d';sh. dck
j' ikT[ j[D.
iBw 1896 JhH B{z gokr ftu j'fJnk. wK pVh ;[jDh ;h, ekb/ x[zrokb/ tkb, fwb/Bk B{z :kd
j? id'A fszB e[ ;kb dh B{z T[j r'd ftu fpmk e/ d/o sZe T[;d/ e/; tkj[zdh ofjzdh. fwb/Bk
wkor/qN B{z df;nk eodh- e/; tkj[D pkd fJ; EK s'A wK w/ok tkbK dk SZbk u[[zwdh. fJj SZbk
w?B{z edh BjhA G[ZbdkHHH eowK tkbk SZbk. fJeZbh ;zskB, ne;o fJeZbh y/vdh. Go itkBh ftu
wK ub t;h. fwb/Bk d/ g/e/ ftfrnkB, ebk fEJ/No, ;zrhs d/ F?dkJh go ;j[o/ xo fJ; ;G
e[M d/ T[bN. fwb/Bk dZf;nk eodh- ug/V wkoB dh rZb SZv', wK ed/ fMVedh th BjhA ;h.
wkoe[ZN dh fvT[Nh gkgk fBGkfJnk eod/. f;bkJh eYkJh, bZeV T[go BZekFh dk ezw wK pj[s
;[jDk eodh.
fgsk dzdK dk vkeNo ;h. w{zj d/ jo/e nkgq/FB dk wkfjo ;oiB. T[; dk efbfBe tXhnk
uZfbnk. T[;B/ v?ANb ekbi th y'fbQnk i' ni se vkeNo ikZB i/f;z;eh d/ Bk Bkb uZb fojk
j?. fwb/Bk fgsk T[go rJh, neb Feb d'jK ftu. fgsk tKr j;fdnK rZbQK ftu N'J/ g?Ad/,
rZb eoB ns/ c?;b/ b?D ftu fdqVQ.
fwb/Bk B{z :kd j? fe id'A T[;d/ Gok B/ iBw fbnk sK ;ko/ gfotko dk fXnkB wohnb fij/
w[zv/ tZb j' frnk, fwb/Bk fit/A xo ftu ojh jh BK. Gok dh w"s j' rJh. fwb/Bk f}IZdh j'
rJh. fgsk ne;o e[ZN wko eodk. fgsk gozgok dk g[ikoh, g[okD/ Yzr dk j?N ns/ ;{N
gfjBdk, fwb/Bk T[go jo gkpzdh.
s/oQK ;kb dh ;h id'A wK B{z ysoBke Bw{BhnK j'fJnk, fco nXozr dk jZbk. ;kok ;kok fdB
fwb/Bk wK B{z ;zGkbdh EZe iKdh. nkyo wK dk ftS'Vk ;kjwD/ nkfJnk. fwb/Bk B{z ;koh T[wo
epo;skB uzrk brdk fojk. ;kok ;kok fdB T[j epo;skB ftu p?mh fpsk fdzdh. fiZXo w{zj
j[zdk, fco T[Xo s[o g?Adh. fgsk B{z fJj joesK g;zd BjhA ;B. xo ftu ne;o seV/ jzrkw/
j[zd/. fwb/Bk eJh eJh fdB xo Bk gosdh. edh ;N/i dk F"e edh fusoekoK bJh wkvfbzr
eoB dk ezw. T[j ;kfjs dh rzGho gkme ;h. gzdoK s'A thj ;kb dh T[wo sZe i' fwfbnk,
gfVQnk. jkw;B, d';s't;eh, w/o/fvE, skb;skfJ, i?ep;B, Nkw; wkB, T[;d/ g;zdhdk ;kfjseko
;B.
nk;Nohnk gqFk;B d/ fwBotk ;e{b ftu fwb/Bk B{z dkyb eotkfJnk frnk i' e[VhnK dk
T[ue'Nh ;N?A_vov jkJh ;e{b ;h. b?fNB ns/ rohe GkFktK gVQBhnK bk}wh ;B. fJ; ;e{b dh
;EkgBk u?Ze p[ZXhihthnK B/ ehsh ;h. fJ; ;e{b ftu gVQhnK e[VhnK ftu'A gqf;ZX nfXnkgektK,
;wki ;/tektK ns/ vkeNo pDhnK.
fwb/Bk fJ; ;e{b dh :'r ftfdnkoED BjhA wzBh rJh. fJj BjhA fe fdwkrh s"o s/ e'Jh ewh
j't/, T[;B{z gozgokrs fB:wK s'A fuVQ ;h, ;[Gkfte s"o s/ pkrhnkBk ;[o dh wkbe. d' j'o
102
e[VhnK ;sk;k s/ iofwbk T[;dhnK ;j/bhnK pD rJhnK. fJj fsZeVh gqpzXeK bJh tZvh
f;ododh pDh. fszB/ jo tes fJeZmhnK ofjzdhnK j'D eoe/ FZe ehsk frnk fe jwfiD;h
jB. T[BQK dhnK joesK s'A nfijk gqshs ehsk iKdk fit/A T[j BbkfJeh tb tX ojhnK jB.
pkeh sK mhe, fwb/Bk nkgD/ efbfBe ftu'A BF/ dhnK r'bhnK u[oK e/ fbnkT[Adh ns/ fszB/ obe/
yKdhnK s/ T[vhedhnK fe eh j't/rk. e'ehB sZe dh tos'A ehsh. wkfgnK B/ fJ; fseZVh B{z
s'VB dk :sB ehsk go ftnoE.
fgsk dh fJSk ;h fe fwb/Bk vkeNo pD/ fi; eoe/ ;e{b fgS'A w?vheb ekbi ftu dkyb
eotk fdZsk. fgsk, gfjbh ;z;ko izr d/ }ywh f;gkjhnK d/ fujfonK dk nkgq/FB eodk sK
fwb/Bk B{z ;jkfJe oydk. go fwb/Bk B{z }ywK s'A fxoDk j[zdh. ;kb e[ pkd T[;B/ w?vheb
ekbi SZv fdZsk.
bzwk eZd, ;[jD/ B?D BeF ns/ nkswftFtk; Bkb Goh T[;dh s'o ;h. T[j ns/ T[;dhnK
;j/bhnK d/ tosko/ ;dek fJj' fijhnK fNZgDhnK ne;o ;[DB B{z fwbdhnK- fJj S'eohnK gokr
d/ ykBdkBK dh fJ}s B{z bk}wh dkrh eoBrhnK. fJBQK fdBK ftu ;kok :{og gozgok dh gyzvh
e?d ftu'A w[es j'D dk :sB eo fojk ;h s/ fJ; wB'oE tk;s/ bhvofFg gokr e'b ;h.
d[BhnK gokr tb d/y ojh ;h. T[BQK fdBK dk f}eo i';c e'fvf;e B/ ehsk j?- fpyoh X[Zg
tkbk fdB. w?B{z fJT[A :kd j? fit/A nZi dh xNBk j't/. ozr fpozr/ fbpk; gfjBh nB/e e"wK d/
b'e, c"ih, f;tbhnB ns/ ftfdnkoEh. u"e ftu rtoBo dk T[Zuk p[Zs th fJ; o"De B{z d/yD
ftu wrB. fJ;/ ;w/A pkjK ftu pkjK gkJh d' e[VhnK NfjbdhnK j'JhnK nihp bZr ojhnK jB
feT[Afe d'tK B/ w[zfvnK tkbk fbpk; gfjfBnK j'fJnk j?, tkb nzro/ih Yzr d/, Bk}e s{s dhnK
SNhnK tKr nwhoh, mkm pkm, fdyktk fpbe[b BjhA, fwbkBk ns/ ;sk;k, d'tK ftu'A fwb/Bk
r}p.
fgsk dk g?;k gkDh tKr tjkT[Adh fwb/Bk. fwbD dk tes s?n, d/fynk fe d/o j' ojh j?, ;D/
eZgfVnK d/ tbtk dfonk ftu Skb wkoh s/ d{i/ feBko/ ik fBebh. nfijk eoBk feT[Afe i[ow
;h, ;' nrb/ ;t/o/ gzi ti/ frqcsko eo bJh.
fwBotk ;e{b dhnK pE/ohnK e[VhnK B/ Bkw yZfNnk go fwb/Bk fwb/Bk ;h. T[; nzdo e'Jh
nfijh skes ;h fi; ;dek T[j gSkD b?Adh fe; fe; B/ fejVk fejVk w[y"Nk gfjfBnk j'fJnk
j?. fgsk g[oyh gozgoktK d/ pyhJ/ T[X/V e/ T[j e'Jh BtK o;sk pDk ojh ;h. T[; tk;s/
d/FK, XowK ns/ }pkB dh e'Jh ezX BjhA ;h. fJjh ekoB j? fe JhwkBdko b'eK tk;s/ T[j
ehwsh ;h s/ wZekoK bJh ezuBh. gokr ftu p[ZXhihthnK d/ nB/e ;zrmB ;B, u?Ze ns/ iowB
d't/A_ go fwb/Bk jo r[ZN ftu iKdh, ;[Ddh, ;[DkT[Adh. fJzBh skesto fe fe;/ r[ZNpzdh dh wdd
dh b'V BjhA ;wMh. c?;b/ b?D ftu ekcek, fizBk ewi'o ;h, fwb/Bk T[Bh jh w{zj}'o. fJjh
ekoB j? fe fwb/Bk B/ ekcek B{z oZd ehsk. fwb/Bk d/ fJe tkec B/ sK fJj fNZgDh th fdZsh,
w?B{z brdk j[zdk fit/A T[j x'V/ s/ ;tko j? s/ bZe Bkb fotkbto bNe foj?. T[BQK fdBK ftu
fJe g[okDh xNBk dk ne;o f}eo nkT[Adk. g[oksB p'jhfwnK T[go okie[wkoh fbfpT{; dk oki
;h. T[; d/ Fk;B ftu n"osK dk ;fseko ;h. okie[wkoh B/ gozgok d/ T[bN wBwo}h d/
ftnkj bJh ;tzpo ou e/ gq/fw;b Bkw d/ fJe f;ZX/ ;kd/ fe;kB dh u'D ehsh. okie[wkoh dh
w"s s'A pkd gq/fw;b B/ okirZdh ;zGkbh. T[; d/ okiekb ftu n"osK B{z bZfrnk fit/A T[BQK d/
;BwkB B{z m/; tZih j't/. T[BQK B/ wodK fybkc :[ZX bfVnk s/ ;?AeV/ e[VhnK ;?BktK jZE'A wkohnK
rJhnK. fwb/Bk B{z d/y e/ b'e fJj ejkDh :kd eod/.
fwb/Bk dh G{nk o}I/Bk i/f;z;eh nkgD/ ;w/A dh gqf;ZX eth ns/ Bktbeko ;h fi; pko/ b/ye
nkoB/ B'tke B/ fbfynk- T[;d/ BktbK d/ gkso J/B/ iKpki jB fe ukj/ y[FhnK dk w"ek j't/
ukj/ T[; ijk} T[go ;tko j'D i' v[Zp fojk j't/, T[j nkgD/ fdb dh rZb wzBd/ B/ e/tb.
fwb/Bk nkgDh G{nk Bkb edh ;fjws Bk j'Jh. fwb/Bk fejk eodh, s/o/ jzM{-wkoek Bktb p/eko
B/ G{nk. go G{nk T[;B{z brksko fgnko eodh ojh, fejk eodh w?A T[;Bz{ T[;dhnK BbkfJehnK
d/ pkti{d fgnko eodh jK fe T[; dhnK BkbkfJehnK eoe/ jh< gsk BjhA, go uzrh brdh
j?. j[D w?A fsjZso ;kb dh jK, shj ;kb j' rJ/ B/ fwb/Bk B{z fgnko eofdnK. ekch j?
fJzBk.
103
fJ; ykBdkB dk tv/ok, ikB i?;/fBn; (iBw 1566) gokr dk wzfBnk j'fJnk ;oiB ;h i'
gokr ftu ofjzfdnK th e/tb iowB ns/ bkshBh p'bhnK p'bdk. fJj nkgDh fe;w dh
p"fXe F/yh ;h. T[j ;wokN o[Zv'bc d{i/ dk Fkjh ;oiB fojk. pkdFkj d/ nkgj[do/gD d/
fybkc nzd'bB fSfVnk sK ;oiB, fto'XhnK ftu ;h. nkyo pkrhnK B{z cfVnk frnk. id'A w"s
dh ;}k dk n?bkB j'fJnk sK vkeNo B/ T[uh nktk} ftu fejk- fit/A s[;hA ngwkBie sohe/
Bkb ;kv/ f;oK dh B[wkfJF fdyk oj/ j', T[j b'e nkT[D tkb/ B/ fijV/ ;fseko Bkb ;kv/
f;oK B{z dcB eoBr/.” fJ; eEB dh ;}k, gfjb'A ikB dh ihG eZNh rJh fco f;o. id'A
ekcek B/ fbfynk- fwb/Bk Fpd w?B{z fJT[A bZrk fit/A gokr dk BjhA rohe iK o'wB GkFk dk
j't/, i' GNedk GNedk p'fjwhnK ftu nk frnk j'J/, fi;B{z u?ZeK B/ dfozdrh Bkb e[ub e/
ipod;sh rb'A pkjo eZfYnk j't/, T[d'A T[;dk fJFkok fwb/Bk d/ fJ; Fjhd pkp/ tZb ;/fXs
brdk j?.
n?stko B{z wkorq/N ns/ fwb/Bk, e?dhnK dhnK Xkohdko todhnK gfjBh fJe d{ih Bkb rZbK
eodhnK iKdhnK ;B- eh nkgK edh fe;/ ekch jkT{; ftu c/o p?m e/ th rZbK eo ;eKrhnK<
fe;/ ;zrhs wfjcb dk nBzd fwb/rk< nkb/-d[nkb/ todhnK gkJh e?dDk ;?AefVnK dh frDsh
ftu G{sK tKr fco s[o ojhnK ;B. nukBe s/}h Bkb iowB ;[gotkJh}o nkJh s/ d'jK B{z
p/dodh Bkb e[ZND bZrh. i/bQ ftu pKj ftu pKj gke/ wNorFsh dk eh wsbp< e[ZN yk e/
d't/A ;j/bhnK GhV s'A go/ ezX T[jb/ p?m rJhnK. GhV d/ d'iy ftu'A fBeb e/ wkorq/N rhs
rkT[D bZrh, fwb/Bk e/ fejk- eb'te p'}h, fJBQK o{;h bc}IK d/ noE jB- d?th n"os. wkorq/N
B/ g[fSnk- w/o/ ftu s?B{z eh f;cs fd;h fwb/Bk< T[;B/ fejk- fgnko eoB dh dks. jo/e B{z.
Xosh tKr w}p{s ns/ uzrh. cb jh cb. g/A_v{ w?v'Bk. ;ko/ pzXBK s'A gko. e[wkoh wohnw.
wkorq/N fbydh j?- w?A ;'funk eodh, T[;dh p"fXesk eoe/ w?B{z uzrh brdh j? fwb/Bk FkfJd.
go S/sh w?B{z gsk bZr frnk T[;d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ o{jkBh nkGk wzvb ;h e'Jh, T[j fBFfus
edwK Bkb T[bN/ o[y trdh s/I jtk B{z uhodh iKdh. edh nukBe ;kjwD/ fd; iKdh, fit/A
;[zB g[bkV ftu'A gqrN j'Jh j'J/. y[F th j[zdh sK nZyK ftubh T[dk;h fEo ofjzdh. pzdh j'D dk
iK s;hj/ MZbD dk d[y BjhA, fJj j'o fe;w dk d[y ;h- T[; pzd/ dk d[y i' ;ko/ ;z;ko ftu
fJeZbk j't/ s/ i' ikDdk j't/- w[esh fes/ BjhA. w?A ikDdh jz[dh, ibgoh torh T[;dh frqcs
ftu'A w?A edh pkjo BjhA fBeb ;eKrh. edh BjhA.
ekcek B/ fbfynk- v{zx/ ;w[zdo j/m fBZe/ s'A fBZek eD pj[s tXhe dpkT[ podkFs eodk j?
fwb/Bk. fJj' s/o/ Bkb j'fJnk. go fJ; s'A tZyoh j'o e'Jh f}zdrh FowBke j'Dh ;h.
fgsk dh fJZSk d/ fybkc T[;B/ noB?Z;N g'be Bkb fgnko ftnkj ehsk. g'be :j{dh ;h, fgsk
B/ Xh Bkb'A ;G Bks/ s'V bJ/ s/ b'eK B{z fejk, e[Vh wB'o'r dk fFeko j' rJh j?. youk pzd.
g'be th nwho nkdwh BjhA ;h, fgS'A__ gsk bZrk fe r?o f}zw/tko th j?. T[j fFekoh fe;w dk
pzdk ;h. fwb/Bk d[oftjko s/ rohph d/ wkj"b ftu fxo rJh. c/o th T[j b'Vtzd d';sK dh
wdd eodh ofjzdh p/FZe T[Xko g?;/ b?D/ g?D. T[;dh wdd fe;/ B/ Bk ehsh.
ftZbh jkZ; B{z g?f;nK dh b'V ;h. fwb/Bk s'A fJbktk fe;/ B/ wdd Bk ehsh. c"i ftu Gosh j'
frnk. S[Nh nkfJnk fwb/Bk B{z fwbD frnk. y[Fh y[Fh dZf;nk- w/o/ e'b nZm ;" o[gJ/ jB.
eo}/ ftu rq;s fwb/Bk s/ fejk- nZX/ g?;/ w?B{z d/j. T[j fjueukfJnk sK eo'XtkB j' e/
fwb/Bk B/ T[; s'A }pod;sh ;koh oew y'j bJh. gfjbK sK T[j nZr-pr'bk j' frnk fco
Fow;ko j' e/ efjD bZrk- w?A Fofwzdk jK fwb/Bk. w?B{z ukjhdk ;h fpBK wzr/ w?A s?B{z ;ko/ g?;/
d/ fdzdk. s{z sK nZX wzfrnk ;h. w?A ngwkfBs jK fwb/Bk. s{z w?B{z ;pe f;yk fdZsk j?.
fgsk s'A pkd gsh g'be B/ g?;/ d/D/ pzd eo fds/. T[;B/ u?Ze GkFk gVQkT[Dh F[o{ ehsh go fJ;
Bkb r[}kok Bk ubdk. fi;w ni/ seVk ;h. o/bt/ ;N/FB ubh iKdh s/ e[bh dk ezw eodh.
xNhnk ezw eofdnK e'ehB ykD dh nkds g? rJh.
gfjbh tko 1920 ftu fwb/Bk B/ ekcek dhnK ejkDhnK gVQhnK. fJBQK ejkDhnK B/ T[;B{z ehb
fbnk. T[j fejk eodh- ekcek ;zg{oD b/ye j?. T[;B/, d ;N'eo, d iZiw?AN, w?Nkwkockf;;
ns/ ezN?Agb/FB dk gfjbh tko u?Ze GkFk ftu nB[tkd ehsk. ekcek B{z nB[tkd g;zd BjhA
nkfJnk.
104
fwb/Bk B/ b/y fbfynk, eo; nkc d ;Nofbzr e[nkfbNhI. fbydh j?- ;dkukoh b'e fdnkb{ BjhA
j[zd/ ;r'A T[bN, nfij/ b'e ysoBke ns/ d[FN j[zd/ jB, ny"sh ykwhnK tkb/ b'e tXhe fdnkb{
ns/ tXhe ;fjDFhb j[zd/ jB.” fJBQK b'eK ftu T[j nkgD/ fgsk B{z th Fkwb eodh j? fiBQK B/
;dkukoh, ykBdkBh j'D dk fbpk; gfjfBnK j'fJnk j?- w/o/ fgsk B/ fizdrh Go fJe tkoh th
M{m BjhA p'fbnk. fJj tZvh rZb j?. w?A M{m p'b fdzdh. sK th w?B{z b'eK B/ g;zd ehsk. w/ok
;Zuk fgsk J/Bk p/ofjw, w?A ;'udh, fezBk uzrk j[zdk i/ fJj fJe nZX tko M{m p'bD dk eFN
eo fbnk eodk. fco T[j e[M fgnkok br ;edk. fJ; d/ T[bN ekcek ;op'sw ;h go
nkgD/ r[Dk B{z S[gk b?Adk s/ nkgD/ nfij/ n"r[Dk dk f}eo eodk i' T[; ftu ;B jh BjhA.
T[;B{z nkgDh B/eh T[go Fofwzdrh j[zdh ;h. T[j b[e S[g e/ j'oK dh ;jkfJsk eodk. ;j[z yk
iKdk fe T[;Bz{ fe;/ rZb dk e'Jh gsk BjhA. id'A w?A T[;dh w"s dh ypo ;[Dh, w?B{z bZrk, uzrk
j'fJnk. fJj d[BhnK T[;d/ ofjD bkfJe BjhA ;h.
fwb/Bk B/ wkorq/N B{z ekcek d/ pugB dh xNBk ;[DkJh. rohp wK B/ wid{oh eoe/ fJe
Ffbzr ewkfJnk. T[BQK fdBK ftu fJj seVh oew ;h. e[M yohdD tk;s/ wK g[Zs p}ko tZb
s[o/, o;s/ ftu wzrsh p?mh ;h. J/Bh rohp, wK g[Zs B{z bZrk fit/A d[BhnK ftu ;G s'A T[sw
eoB :'r ezw fJj ;h fe p[ZYh B{z Ffbzr d/ d/JhJ/. go J/Bh tZvh oew b? e/ p[ZYh fizBh y[F
j't/rh s/ n;h;K d/ Y/o bk d/t/rh, fJj th uzrh rZb BjhA j'Dh ;h. T[BQK B/ Ffbzr s[Vk e/
pkoK g?BhnK b? bJhnK. wzrsh bkfrUA s/ih Bkb nZr/ bzxd/, fgS/ w[Vd/, g?Bh ;[ZNd/, c/o tkg;
w[V nkT[Ad/, fJT[A e[M uZeo bk e/ ;G g?BhnK d/ nkJ/. nkgD/ e'b e[M BjhA oZfynk. xo nk
e/ d't/A iD/ ]{p o'J/.
ekcek B/ ys ftu fbfynk- s/o/ ys uzr/ brd/ jB fwb/Bk. s/ok yas gVQfdnK E'VQh d/o bJh
w?A voB'A jN ikBk. vo Bkb w?A n?Bk ;fjws j' ikfJnk eodK fe T[;d/ jZe ftu dbhbK d/D
bZr ikBk. s/o/ yas w?B{z seVk eo fdzd/ B/ sK w?A voB d/ fto[ZX j' ikBk. s?B[{z fwbe/ w?A p/jZd
FKs j' ikBk. w/oh p/u?Bh dh th fJjh tik j?. s/o/ pzXB ftu c; e/ w?A ;[szso wfj;{; eodK.
fJj rZb ;wMD s'A pkd ihtB fsnkr d/Dk uzrk brdk j?.fbfynk- fwb/Bk ;w[zdo tKr j?
FeshFkbh, sfj ftu ijkB d/ y}kB/ S[g/ j'J/, go ;w[zdo B{z Bk nkgDh skes dk gsk, Bk
y}kfBnK dk wkD. p/te{c J/Bk fe uzd dh ew}'o fijh Feb d/y e/ BZuD bZr g?Ad?.
fwb/Bk B/ dZf;nk- ekcek B{z gsk BjhA brdk. fi; ek;/ B{z n;hA ww{bh ;wMd/ jK T[; bJh
T[j r[zMbdko j?. n;hA d't/A ik oj/ ;K. okj ftu p[ZYh wzrsh d/yh. T[;B{z d' eqkT{B dk f;Zek
d/ e/ efjD bZrk- fJe eqkT{B tkg; eo. p[ZYh e'b tkg; eoB bJh fJe eqkT{B j? BjhA ;h.
d/o sZe T[E/ yb'sk fojk. w?A efjzdh ojh ub SZv. fJe BjhA sK d' d/ fdZs/ ;wM. T[j s[o
fgnk. p[V p[VkT[Adk fojk- wzrsh jh fBebh nkyo. fJe eqkT{B wko rJh ezpys. d' dh Sv'
fJe eqkT{B dh th jZedko Bh fJj.
fwb/Bk B/ fejk- ;kv/ ;kfonK ftu ih ;eD dh skes j? wkor/N, feT[Afe n;hA ;jko/ bGd/ ofjzd/ jK,
ed/ u'oh dk, ed/ M{m dk, ed/ ;Zu dk, edh fBok;sk dkHHHH. ekcek B/ ed/ e'Jh nk;ok BjhA
sZfenk. T[j ed/ M{m BjhA p'fbnk, ed/ BF/ ftu p/j'F BjhA j'fJnk, ed/ fe;/ dh FoD ftu
BjhA frnk, fJT[A ;wM' fit/A nkgK ;kfonK B/ eZgV/ gfjB oZy/ j'D s/ T[j Bzrk j'D eoe/ b[edk
fcodk j't/. Sb egN s'A go/HHHg{oB ;fBnk;h. ;fBnk; T[;dh wz}b BjhA. T[;dh voh j'Jh
gftso Bio, ;wM"s/ eoB dh n:'rsk eoe/ ;fBnk; nkg/ T[;dh M'bh ftu nk fvfrnk.
ekcek sK ikDdk th BjhA ;fBnk; j[zdk eh j?. n"os B{z d/ye/ T[j fizBk j?okB jz[dk j? T[BK
jh NkJhg okJhNo B{z d/ye/ nuzfGs j' iKdk j?. ikBdko iK p/ikB, T[; tk;s/ e'Jh coe BjhA.
ekcek B/ T[;d/ ysK dk itkp d/Dk pzd eo fdsk, fes/ T[;dk gsh g'be fJsoki Bk eo/. d'
;kb fBozso T[; rbh nZr/ ik e/ yb' iKdh fiE'A vke fwb/Bk d/ w[jZb/ tb iKdh. T[;dh
;j/bh ftbwk B/ dZf;nk fe 1922 ftu w?A eko ftu ik ojh ;K, fwb/Bk s/}h Bkb vkexo tb
s[oh iKdh d/yh. w?A nktk} wkoh, fwb/Bk B/ ;[zB nZyK Bkb w/o/ tZb d/fynk. w?B{z gSkfDnK BjhA.
fujok ghbk, B[ZufVnk j'fJnk, nk;gk; s'A g{oB p/yapo.
T[j iBtoh s'A b? e/ wJh 1922 sZe ekcek d/ xo ns/ j;gskb ftu ypo;ko b?D iKdh
ojh. w"s dh ypo ;[De/ fbfynk- gokr ftu E'VQ/ b'e T[;B{z ikDd/ jB. T[;B/ fJe tko fejk
105
;h id'A fdb nkswk dk p'M u[eD d/ ;woZE Bk oj/ sK c/cV/ Gko tzvkT[D brd/ jB go T[BQK
d/ t; dh rZb BjhA Bk j[zdh, S/sh jko iKd/ jB.
ekcek fJzBk uzrk ;h fe fiT[ Bk ;fenk, ew}'o fJzBk fe bV Bk ;fenk. T[j J/Bk
JhwkBdko, J/Bk fBowb fe nkgDhnK ew}'ohnK T[go godk gkDk sK do feBko T[j nkg/ T[BQK
pko/ dZ;D bZr ikdk. T[;B/ w"s nZr/ y[Fh Bkb jfEnko ;[ZN/, w"s B{z Fofwzdk eoB bJh.
1924 ftu fwb/Bk B/ nkgD/ xo B{z g/fJzr r?Z;N ftu pdb fbnk. fJe B"eokDh oZy bJh. y[d
ykDk gekT[Adh. T[;B/ g'be B{z sbke d/ fdZsk. fgsk B/ T[;dh fbys ftubh skes B{z gSkD
fbnk. fwb/Bk th ukj[zdh ;h fgsk s'A d{o Bk jfNnk ikt/. ;kb 1926 ftu T[;B/ d t/ N{
f;zgbhf;Nh Bkw dh feskp SgtkJh. fit/A ekcek B/ fgsk d/ Bkw gZso fbfynk ;h, fJj feskp
T[;/ soQK dk gZso j?. ekcek d/ fgsk B/ g[Zso dk gZso gfVQnk BjhA, fwb/Bk d/ fgsk B/ gfVQnk
ns/ Xh B{z rb bkfJnk. rohp ftnkBk Ffjo SZv e/ T[j nkgD/ fgnko/ gokr ftZu gos nkJh
fiE/ ;kok Ffjo T[;B{z ikDdk ;h. T[;d/ d';sK ns/ d[FwDk dh frDsh nkw Bkb'A pj[s tXhe
;h. T[j ukj[zdh ;h fe iK e'Jh T[;B{z fgnko eo/ iK Bcos. ftu ftukbk g;zd BjhA. u?Ze
efwT{fB;N eth B/ib, fwb/Bk B{z s/ fwb/Bk B/ib B{z Bkg;zd eod/ ;B. fJe gkoNh ftu tXhe
Fokp gh e/ T[j yo{d eoB bZrk sK u[e e/ jkb d/ pkjo ;[ZN fdZsk. fwb/Bk B/ n?Ap{b?A;
wzrtkJh, ;jkok d/e/ T[;B{z ftdk ehsk. eh g;zd j,? eh Bk Bkg;zd, fJ;dk fynkb BjhA, i'
;jh j? T[jh eo/rh.
1927 ftu T[;B/ shyDp[ZX fJwkos;ki i/o'wo Bkb Fkdh ehsh. fJj ;kdk pzdk ;h fi;B/
fpbe[b j/m'AAA_ oki fw;soh ti'A ezw F[o{ ehsk s/ w[Ybk ezw f;Zy e/ ;?ezvoh ;e{b gk; ehsk,
T[gozs gokr ne?vwh nkc ckJhB nkoN; d/ fvroh e'o; ftu dkyb j'fJnk. fJE/ ;z;ko d/
gqf;ZX fJwkos;k} b/ ekop{}hJ/ Bkb w[bkeks j'Jh. ekop{ihJ/ d/ j[Bo dh f;cs ;G s'A gfjbK
i/o'wo B/ ehsh ;h. i/o'wo fJ; s'A tZvk ebkeko ;h. fJj d' ;kb fwb/Bk dh f}zdrh d/ T[sw
fdB ;B. T[;B/ fszB feskpK SgtkJhnK s/ ;fuso w?r}hB ubkfJnk g/;Nqh NkJhvB.fJ; ftnkj
s'A fwb/Bk B{z wkBf;e ;zs'y fwfbnk go roGtsh j'D d/ F[o{nksh wjhfBnK ftu dod F[o{ j'
frnk. T[;B/ fgsk ns/ fgsk d/ ;fj:'rh wkfjo vkeNoK dh okfJ bJh. fgsk B/ fejk- iKu B/
dZ; fdZsk j? fe ;G mhe j?. s{z i[nkeVh tKr toskT[ Bk eo, ;G mhe j?. go ;[Xko BjhA
j'fJnk. jkbs pdso j[zdh rJh. nZmt/A wjhB/ i/o'wo T[;B{z gjkVh tkdhnK ftu b? frnk fe
FkfJd jtk pdbh Bkb mhe j' ikJ/. fJj dZ;D bJh fe T[j i[nkeVh BjhA, Mhb d/ mzY/ gkDh
ftu fJFBkB eo fbnk. ;ko/ fi;w T[go Skb/ fBeb nkJ/, p[yko j'fJnk s/ fJe gk;k yVQ
frnk. vkeNoK B/ dZf;nk- ;/cNhw'BhnK j?. dod p/nzs ;h. gsk bZrD s/ fgsk GZik nkfJnk.
;kbK dk o[fenk fgsk- fgnko fco gqrfNnk. fdB oks f;oQkD/ p?mk ofjzdk. dod xNkD bJh
wkochB fdZsh iKdh. ;[jDh Bk}e Xh dk iBw j'fJnk go vkeNoK B/ dZf;nk fe fwb/Bk d/
puD dh T[whd xZN j?.
fgsk B/ d/fynk fe tZv/ ebkekoK tKr T[;dk itkJh p/gqtkj j? s/ fwb/Bk dh w"s s'A pkd pZuh
dh d/yGkb BjhA eo/rk. T[;B/ fejk- fwb/Bk, fJ; rZb dk fceo Bk eoh_ pZuh B{z e"D gkb/rk.
w?A, fJ;dk BkBk fJ; B{z r'd btKrk. mhe j? i/o'wo< itkJh u[Zg fojk go fwb/Bk p'bh- s[jkB{z
;"_gD dh EK fgnko/ gkgk fJjB{z tbtk dfonk ftu ;[ZNDk fpjso. w?B{z d[y d/D ftu fit/A s[;hA
ekw:kp j' rJ/ ;h, j[D w?A T[j d[y nkgDh Xh T[go jofr} d[jokT[D BjhA fdnKrh.
T[j pu rJh go yZp/ r'v/ dhnK jZvhnK s/ gZm/ ;ys j' rJ/. bZs eZND pkps ;'funk frnk,
fgsk BjhA wzfBnk. wkfjoK B{z p[bk e/, c?;bk ehsk frnk fe ;[zB eoB fgS'A_ g?o ns/ r'v/ B{z
}pod;sh nZr/ fgZS/ w'fVnk ikt/. eVke/ fBeb rJ/ go siopk ;cb fojk. fgsk dhnK nZyK
ftu jzM{ nk rJ/, T[;B/ ;oiB B{z iZch ftu b? fbnk. fwb/Bk p/j'Fh ftu'A ikrh sK :ehB Bk
nkfJnk fe mhe j' rJh jK. fJe ;kb cj[VhnK d/ ;jko/ j;gskb ftu s[oB dk nfGnk;
eoB fgS_'A Xh ;w/s xo nkJh sK T[; B{z fJe j'o ;dwk bZrk. fJbki d"okB T[;B{z e'ehB
fdZsh iKdh ojh, j[D T[;B{z fJ; dh nkds g? rJh j'Jh ;h. fi; s'o dh FkB s'A e[VhnK
Jhoyk eodhnK ;B, T[j ysw. ukb p/Yzrh, fujok fJe gkf;UA ;[Zfink j'fJnk. fejk eodh,
i/o'wo Bkb e[M ;wK y[Fh dk fpskfJnk ;h Bk, T[; dh ;}k fwbh. e[dos gb gb dh ehws
t;{b/rh. T[;B/ c?;bk ehsk fe jw/F bJh wkochB pzd eoKrh. gsh B{z wdd tk;s/ fejk.
106
BF/Vh id'A nukBe BFk pzd eo dJ/ sK T[; Bkb p[oh tkgodh j?, bZsK s'A b? e/ f;o sZe
fsy/ dod dhnK bfjoK uheK eYk fdzdhnK. fdB oks o'D X'D ftu bzxd/. i/o'wo s'A_ podkFs
BK j[zdk. fJe fdB fwb/Bk B/ d/fynk, dtkJhnK tkb/ w/} T[go gbzx d/ B/V/ Gfonk j'fJnk
fotkbto fgnk ;h. i/o'wo dk ;ze/s, i/ ihtB efmB brdk j? sK ysw eo/. fwb/Bk B/
nkswxks BjhA ehsk, i/o'wo ubk frnk. T[;B{z SZv e/ T[j o{; obk frnk fiE/ T[;B{z brdk
;h p;shnK nkpkd j' ojhnK jB, uzrk ezw fwbdk oj/rk. b/ ekop{}hnk, ro[fgU{, jkfB;
w/no ns/ w/n gfjbK T[E/ ik u[Ze/ ;B.
i/o'wo S/sh o{; dh nc;oFkjh s'A szr nk frnk. T[; d/ BefFnK dh fBrokBh T[j b'e eod/
fiBQK B{z fJ; ezw dk T{Vk nkVk BjhA nkT[Adk ;h. d' ;kb sZe T[; dk fJe th BeFk gk; BK
j'fJnk. T[j o{; dh nzdo{Bh fjz;e, T[dk; ;zrhB jkbs pkps d';sK B{z yas fbydk ofjzdk go
:'og d/ fe;/ efwT{fB;N d';s B/ itkp d/Dk tkip BjhA ;wfMnk feT[Afe ;G dk fJj fynkb
;h fe T[j ;c?d M{m p'b fojk ;h, fe T[j efwT{fB}w dk fto'Xh fBzde j' frnk ;h. ;kb
1936 ftu GZi e/ tkg; nk frnk i' fJe uwseko ;h feT[Afe fJ; t/b/ ;NkfbB dh F[ZXheoB
bfjo f;yo s/ ;h, :kfB fe E'e ftu esfbnkw.
fwb/Bk efwT[fB;N gkoNh w?Apo }o{o pDh, nzBQh GrsDh BjhA. jo rshftXh gkoy{ Bio Bkb
d/ydh. T[;B{z ;NkfbB d/ ezweki T[go FZe ;h s/ id'A ;NkfbB B/ ;otiBe w[eZdw/ ftu
ihB'tht ns/ ekw/Bht B{z r'bh wotkJh sK T[;dk FZe ;Zu ftu pdb frnk. pkeh ekwo/vK tKr
BK T[j d[fuZsh ftu gJh Bk jzM{ tjkJ/. ekov gkoNh dcso ftu ;[ZN nkJh.
fJe fdB T[;B/ nkgD/ d';s co/vh wkfJo B{z fejk- fi; dh w?B{z sbkF ;h, ;' wod BjhA
fwfbnk. rkjbVh fwb/, wB'o'rh fwb/, p[}fdb fwb/. fJj ;ko/ w/o/ T[go fBoGo j' iKd/ id'A
fe w?A ukj[zdh ;K w?B{z e'Jh ;jkok fwbdk. w?A ;[cB/ b?Adh, w/o/ ekch pZu/ j'D, w?A XkoK u' ojh
jK, gF{ uko ojh jK, w/ok gsh nkT[Ad/ iKd/ w?B{z S/V SkV ikt/, fdb'A w?A u?Ze fe;kB n"os jK.
w/o/ nzdo fijVk ny"sh p"fXe ehVk tV frnk T[j pdfe;ws d[oxNBk ;h.
id'A T[;d/ pkeh ekwo/v ;kEh ;wkitkd d/ ;[cB/ d/y oj/ ;B, ;kb 1937 ftu T[;B/ fejk- w?B{z
gs? iowB ckf;;N ;kB{z frqcsko eoBr/, go i/ bkb c"i ;kB{z nk}kd eokT[D nkJh sK w?A
nksw-jZfsnk eoKrh.
wJh 1936 B{z iowB B/ u?e';btkehnk T[go jwbk eo fdZsk. fJ; :[ZX dh FkBdko fog'ofNzr
fwb/Bk yso/ T[mk e/ eodh ojh. iowBk B/ pjkBk fJj bkfJnk fe u?Ze b'e T[E/ t;d/ iowBk
T[go i[bw Yk oj/ jB. pj[s EkJhA_ u?e';btkehnk ftu i/ gsh u?Ze ;h sK gsBh iowB s/ i/
gsh iowB ;h sK gsBh u?e. pZu/ nkg; ftu fJ; w[Zd/ s/ bV g?Ad/.
wkou 1939 ftu id'A iowBk B/ u?e';btkehnk T[go ep}k eo fbnk sK p/nzs c[osh Bkb
fwb/Bk B/ T[BQK c"ihnK Bkb ;zgoe ehsk fiBQK B{z ni/ frqcsko BjhA ehsk frnk ;h. T[BQK B{z
fejk fe fJzrb?Av dhnK c"iK dh wdd eo'. fJE/ T[;B/ g?rzpoh o'b ndk ehsk. T[j ipod;s
dbhbK Bkb b?; b/y nypkoK B{z G/idh go iowB ;?A;o nfXUA_ tZX eZN fdzdk.
;j/bh ftbwk T[; s'A go/ jN rJh ;h feT[Afe ftbwk B{z wkoe;h f;XKs ifunk BjhA ;h. id'A
gsk bZrk fe fwb/Bk B/ gkoNh SZv fdZsh j? s/ ekwo/v T[;B{z sk;eh dh u/bh j'D dk cstk d/
u[e/ jB T[j fwbD nkJh. d't/A ;j/bhnK w[Zds pkd fwbhnK sK fJ; soQK fit/A edh ftSVhnK
jh BjhA ;B. ftbwk p'bh- w'okthnk dh Bdh g[zetk B{z nukBe }whB fBrb iKdh j?, gsk BjhA
brdk feXo rkfJp j' rJh. xkNhnK ns/ dZfonK ftu T[j nzvorokT{Av trdh iKdh fco
}whB ftu'A pkjo fBeb e/ trD bZrdh j?. nkgDh d';sh fJ;/ soQK dh j?. id'A ty j'JhnK
sK gsk Bh feXo rJhnK, id'A fwbhnK, sK fJT[A fit/A fJE/ jh ;K, fJeZmhnK. fwb/Bk B/ fbfynk-
u?Ze j'D eoe/ w?B{z nkgDk d/;h ;zrhs uzrk brdk j?. Fpd dh EK Fpd dh X[B ;[D e/ w?A
g{o/ noEK se g[Zi iKdh jK. fJe Fpd w?B{z g{oh ;g/; sZe c?bk fdzdk j?. b'eK tk;s/ ;g/;
dk noE jtk iK nkekF j't/rk, ;kv/ tk;s/ ;kvh fwZNh ;g/; j?. n;hA u?Ze fJj F/yh BhA wkod/
fe n;hA iowBK ns/ ;bkteK ftueko g[b pDKr/. n;hA g[FsK s'A y/sh eod/ fe;kB jK, pkp/ B/
jb dk w[ZBk ;kv/ fgsk B{z s/ fgsk B/ nkgD/ g[Zso B{z cVkfJnk, T[j nr'A nkgDh ;zskB B{z
cVkJ/rk. nZi dk u?Ze phs/ u?e ns/ GftZy d/ u?e ftueko g[b pD ;edk j? e/tb. tXhe
107
F/yhnK wkoB dh e'Jh s[e BjhA. nkgD/ pZfunK B{z n;hA ;[DktKr/ u?Ze b'e-rhs iK fco ;zs
t/Au/;bk; dh pkDh. ;kB{z j'o ek;/ dh b'V BhA.
fwb/Bk iowB c"iK sK gokr ftu'A eZY BjhA ;edh ;h T[;B/ nkgD/ u?Ze p[ZXhihthnK B{z ;[oZfyns
pkjo eZYD dh ftT[As pDkJh fiBQK d/ f;oK T[go iowBK B/ fJBkw oZy/ j'J/ ;B. fwb/Bk B/ 22
wkou 1939 d/ ekbw ftu fbfynk- iowBk d/ ep}/ dk d{ik fdB ;h. ;G p/u?B ;B. f;gkjh
rbhnK ftu x[zw oj/ ;B. fJe u?Ze e[Vh xo'A pkjo e'Jh uh} yohdD bJh fBebh sK c"i
d/ye/ xpok rJh s/ o'D bZrh. fJe c"ih T[; e'b nkfJnk s/ fgnko Bkb p'fbnk- o' Bk
e[VhJ/. i' j'fJnk, T[; tk;s/ n;hA d'Fh BjhA. T[;B/ e[Vh B{z T[t/A fdbk;k fdZsk fit/A e'Jh
nkgDh Xh B{z j"A;bk oZyD bJh ej/. fJj' fij/ pzfdnK B{z w?A fet/A d'Fh mfjok ;edh jK< j}koK
dh frDsh ftu u?Ze Bkrfoe nfrnks ;?fBe d/ p[Zs tb s[o gJ/, jZEK ftu r[bd;s/, ;kfonK
dhnK nZyK ftu jzM{, Bk T[uh T[uh o'D X'D, Bk T[uh nktk} ftu f;;ehnK, Bk vo dk e'Jh
fBFkB, f;oc d[y, w{e t/dBk. id'A ;kvk fJj ekcbk s[fonk ik fojk ;h, gfjo/ T[go s?Bks
fJe iowB f;gkjh dk jZE y[d py[d nkgDh N'gh tb tfXnk, ;fseko Bkb f;o BhtK ehsk,
T[;B{z nfj;k; ;h fe T[;dh w"i{drh ekoB u?ZeK dhnK nZyK v[pv[pkJhnK j'JhnK jB.
}?vftu B/ T[BQh fdBhA fbfynk- u?e';bktkehnk B{z pukT[Adh fwb/Bk fpbe[b uoub tKr brdh,
o"FB wZEk, fwjopkB nZyK, p/v"b fijk w{zj, g{oB nksw ftFtk;, ;jh okiBhse ;{M p{M T[;B{z
uofub torh pDkT[Adh. T[;dh jZE fbys d/ye/ w?e; po'd B/ fbfynk- g{oh Nkw; wkB torh
fbys. NkZw; wkB dh jZE fbys nd[Zsh wzBh iKdh ;h.
T[;B/ pj[s fuzseK B{z ;[oZfyns ;hwk gko eotkfJnk, y[d BjhA rJh. T[;dk c?;bk gokr ftZu
woB dk ;h. T[;B{z gsk ;h r'bh yk e/ woBk pVk ;"yk j?, tkbK s'A cVe/ x;hNDk, rkbK,
bZsK x;[zB, tXhe }bkbs Gfonk j?, go fe;/ B{z sK e[opkBh d/Dh gt/rh jh. fwb/Bk fsnko
;h. fJe fdB fgsk dk c'B nkfJnk, fejk- feT[A eh, j'fJn? e[VhJ/< s?B{z j[D sZe frqcsko feT[A
BhA ehsk iowBk B/< s/o/ torh ;t?wkD tkbh e[Vh J/Bh d/o i/bQ s'A pkjo ofjDh sK Bh ;h
ukjhdh.” fwb/Bk B/ eh fejk, gsk BjhA. go e[M fdB pknd r?;Nkg' B/ fJzN?o'r/FB tk;s/ p[bk
fbnk. fJj ;tkb itkp j'J/.
< L s/ok :j{dhnK Bkb e'Jh ;zgoe j?<
fwb/Bk L jK j?. e'Jh fJsoki<
< L s/ok gq/wh feZE/ j?<
fwb/Bk L d/o gfjbK d/; SZv frn?.
< L s/oh Xh dk fgsk :j{dh j?<
fwb/Bk L nc;';, :j{dh BjhA j?.
< L petk; pzd eo. n;hA fJj' fij/ itkp ;[DB d/ nkdh BjhA.
fwb/Bk L w?B{z th fJj' fij/ ;tkb uzr/ BjhA bZrd/.
fwb/Bk Bz{ Bk frqcskoh ya"c}dk bZrdh ;h Bk s;hfjnK dk ;kjwDk e'Jh nkcs. fceo ;h sK
e/tb nkgDh Xh j"A}k dk. fJ; dk eh pD/rk< nkyo id'A fwb/Bk B{z r?;Nkg' frqqcsko eoe/
s;hjk e/A_do ftu b? rJh sK BkBk d'jsh B{z b? frnk. gokr dh :{Bhtof;Nh ns/ ;ko/ ekbi
jw/Fk tk;s/ pzd eo fdZs/ rJ/. fto'X ftu ftfdnkoEhnK B/ o?bh ehsh sK fJe ;" thj
ftfdnkoEh, iowBk dhnK r'bhnK Bkb wo/ s/ j}koK B{z s;hjk e/AdoK ftu G/i fdZsk frnk.
iowBK jZE'A i' }bkbs ;fjDh g?Adh T[; dk n;o BjhA, fwb/Bk B{z T[d'A d[y j[zdk id'A u?Ze
efwT{fB;N e?dDK T[;dh p/fJIsh eodhnK, x;[zB w[Ze/ nkw rZb j[zdh. e;{o fwb/Bk dk ;h. T[j
J/Bh y[Zdko ;h fe nZyK ns/ f;o BjhA M[ekT[Adh ;h. e[M e?dDk T[;dh fJZ}s th eodhnK, u'oh
u'oh, vodhnK vodhnK. Fkw tes pzdh e?dDK dh frDsh j' ojh ;h. fwb/Bk b/N j' rJh.
ub' b/N j' rJh sK j' rJh xZN' xZN s/}h Bkb g[Zi iKdh sK fJzBk sK j[zdk fe fBrokB ;wM
iKdh, fJ; B{z b/N nkT[D dk gSsktk j?. nkokw Bkb nkJh s/ u[gukg yb' rJh FKs.
fBrokB B{z J/Bk r[Z;k nkfJnk fe w[Zek skD e/ T[; ;kjwD/ nk yb'sh. fwb/Bk B/ T[;dhnK nZyK
tZb d/fynk sK ;[gotkJh}o dk jZE j/mK nk frnk s/ y[ZbQ/ w{zj BhthA_ gk e/ tkg; gos rJh.
108
fwb/Bk B/ wkrq/N B{z fejk- vo nfijk nB[Gt j? i' s[jkB{z f;ZXk yVQk BjhA j'D fdzdk. FKs fuZs
id'A w?A ibkd tZb d/ydh jK, T[j ;wM iKdk j? fwb/Bk i[bw ;fjD bJh fsnko j?.
;'BNkr gZEo-fdb nc;o ;h. jZE ftubh SNh e?dhnK T[go po;dh ofjzdh. fwb/Bk d/ bkfrU
bzxD bZrk sK o'wKfus w[dok ftu SNh fwb/Bk dh m'vh j/m S[jk fdZsh. fwb/Bk B/ SNh cVh,
pKj cVh s/ go/ XZek d/ fdZsk. fJ; pdswh}h dh ;}k ekbe'mVh ;h, go u[g ukg ubk
frnk.
nes{po 1941 ftu u?Ze ;zrhseko phph nzBek e[nkgb'tk frqcsko j' e/ fJ; i/bQ ftu nkJh,
fbydh j?- n;hA vohnK j'JhnK nkgDh j'Dh dh T[vhe eo ojhnK ;K, gsk BjhA eh eoBr/ ;kv/
Bkb. fwb/Bk ;kv/ B/V/ nkJh s/ p'bh, “;[nkrs j? e[VhU s[jkvk w/o/ xo ftu.” fJ; dfjFs}dk
e'mVh ftu e'Jh fJj' fijk th ;h fi;B/ fJ;Bz{ nkgDk xo efj e/ ;kvk ;[nkrs ehsk. e?dDK
d/ g/N ;[Ze/ j'J/ ;B s/ bZsK ;[ZihnK j'JhnK.
fwb/Bk wkorq/N Bz{ ne;o nkydh- j[D se sK w?A ubzs w;fbnK s/ ebw Xo{Jh j?. fojkJh s'A
pkd uzrk fbyKrh. eftsk fbyD dh T[wo sK phs rJh go sK eh, tkose fejVk wkVh j?.
ekcek torh Bk ;jh, sK th uzrk j'J/rk i' fbyKrh. j[D w/o/ e'b tXhe ;{uBk tXhe siopk
j?. fi; rZb dk w?B{z s;hjk e/Ado ftZu gsk bZrk T[j fJj fe fJj rZb rbs j? fe sebhcK
ftu nkdwh ;zto iKdk j?, fJj petk; j?. nZr u'A dh fBebe/ e[zdB sK eh pDBk, nkdwh
ikBto pD iKd?.
fijVhnK e?dDk ezNo'b s'A pkjo j' iKdhnK :kBh fe wkBf;e stk}B r[nk pfjzdhnK iK fco
bkfJbki fpwkoh ftZu rq;s j' iKdhnK T[BQK B{z i/bQ d/ j;gskb ftZu dkyb eotk fdzd/ fiE/
fJbki fJe' ;h. }fjo dk Nhek. fJbki bJh rJh e?dD tkg; BjhA nkT[Adh ;h. fJZe vkeNoK
dh ftF/F Nhw i/bQ ftZu nkJh s/ fejk fe tXhe rzGho e?dhnK B{z tv/ j;gskb ftZu fbik e/
fJbki eoBk j?. fJBQK ftZu ngkji, Nhph, f;cfb; dhnK woh}, wkBf;e o'rDk, dw/ dhnK
who} n"osK ;B. d' NoZe nkJ/, bZd e/ b? rJ/. nrb/ fdB T[BQK dhnK todhnK tkg; i/bQ
g[ZihnK sK gsk bZrk fe NoZeK ftZu bZd e/ T[BQK B{z epo;skB ftZu dcBk fdZsk frnk. fJ;
fgS'A :j{dh }BkBhnK dhnK ;{uhnK pDhnK. ;G dcB ehshnK rJhnK. roGtsh n"osK frqcsko
j' e/ nzdo nkT[AdhnK. ezw ns/ G[ywoh ekoB i/ roGgks Bk j[zdk s/ pZuk izw g?Adk, j;gskb
dk vkeNo d;dk- wfonk j'fJnk pZuk g?dk j'fJnk. tk;st ftZu Btiks jo/e pZuk fJFBkB
eotkT[D tkb/ NZp ftZu vp' e/ wkfonk iKdk.
gZsoeko j'D ekoB T[j e[M Bk G[Zbdh, nDfrDs ;B;Bhy/} xNBktK ;[D e/ d[yh j[zdh, d[yh
fJ; bJh BjhA fe j?tkBhns g;o rJh j?, d[yh fJ; eoe/ j[zdh fe T[j fJ; fto[ZX e[M eo
BjhA ;edh. fco efj fdzdh, j'o e[M Bh eo ;edh, feskp sK fbyKrh jh fbyKrh.
iowBk B/ o{; s/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. pj[s ;kohnK o{;h n"osK fJ;/ s;hjk e/A_do ftZu fbnKdhnK
rJhnK. u?Ze s/ iowB efwT{fB;N n"osK B/ fJBQK dk ;tkrs ehsk. y[F j'JhnK fe n;bh d/;
dhnK n;bh efwT{fB;N fJBebkpDk nkJhnK jB. fJBQK s'A pkeh e?dDk pVk e[M f;ZyDrhnK.
T[BQK d/ pdp{ wkod/ eZgV/ X'J/ s/ i{nK eZYhnK. fJBQK n"osK dh }pkB J/Bh rzdh fe wodK B{z
Fowk ikJ/. Bk fJBQK B{z fJBebkp dk e'Jh gsk ;h Bk ;wkitkd dk. fJj f;nk;s s'A e'ohnK
nBgVQ n"osK ;B. e[M e[ B/ ;NkfbB ns/ T[;dh ;oeko B{z T[j rkbK tkjhnK fe wbkjK dh
pd}pkB wks yk ikJ/. u?Ze efwT{fB;N B/sk phph gb?e'tk gfjbK sK e[ZM fdB efjzdh ojh
fe ;kohnK o{;Dk J/; soQK dhnK BjhA j[zdhnK go jcs/ e[ pknd T[;dk th wkBf;e stkiB
ftrV frnk. fwb/Bk B/ T[;B{z j;gskb ftZu BjhA ikD fdZsk feT[Afe T[E/ T[;B{z Nhek bk e/
wko d/Dk ;h. id'A jkbs pdso j' rJh, T[;B{z BF/ dk Nhek bkfJnk frnk, T[j uhedh ojh-
w?A mhe jKHHH w?A mhe jK, feT[Afe T[;B{z bZfrnk fJj }fjo dk Nhek j?. fco T[;B{z j;gskb b?
rJ/. fJZe n"os B/ dZf;nk- T[;dh jkbs pdso j[zdh rJh. T[;B/ ykDk ykD s'A fJBeko eo
fdZsk. xzfNnK pZXh ezX Bkb Y'n bke/ yb'sh ofjzdh, fco uheD brdh- ;NkfbB nkJh bt
:{. d' jcfsnK pkd id'A T[;dh bkF j;gskb'A pkjo nkJh T[j jZvhnK dh w[Zmh ;h. nkg/
woh fe Nhek bke/ wkoh rJh fe;/ B{z gsk BjhA.
efwT{fB;N e?dDk dk toskok nihp ;h. T[j e?dDk B{z fJj BjhA ;B g[SdhnK fe G[yhnK j',
iK dod e[M xfNnk fe BjhA, T[j g[fSnk eodhnK- s{z ekwo/v j?A fe BjhA. T[BQK d/ fynkb
109
ftZu pkeh b'e, e[bh, w}d{o, fpwko, wod/ B/ sK woB, efwT{fB;N puD/ ukjhd/ B/, fJj
toskok fwb/Bk B{z d[yh eodk, T[j j'o ;ys j' iKdh. fwb/Bk nzdobk iZi T[BQK B{z bkjBsk
gkT[Adk. efwT{fB;N e?dDk T[; B{z p[oi[nk }BkBh” FpdK dh ne;o rkb fdzdhnK.
iowBh B/ o{; s/ jZbk p'fbnk sK fwb/Bk s'A fJbktk ;kohnK e?dDk y[F j'JhnK fe fiZs :ehBB
o{; dh j't/rh s/ fco T[BQk dh fojkJh j'J/rh. fwb/Bk dh okiBhse ;wM nEkj ;h. T[;B/
fejk- i/ ;NkfbB fiZs frnk sk :'og T[;d/ ;ko/ g[okD/ r[Bkj wkc eo dJ/rk s/ Bt/A r[Bkj
eoB dh fJik}s dJ/rk, okFNoh ;wkitkd s/ efwT{fB}w ty ty BjhA jB. ekwo/v n"osK
fJj rZbK ;[D e/ pkehnK B{z nkydhnK- id'A nkgK ;G fojkn j'tKrhnK sK fwb/Bk ns/ wkorq/N
B{z ezX tb w{zj eotke/ r'bhnK Bkb G[zB fdsk ikJ/rk.
nkyo fwb/Bk fJ; Boe ftZu jko rJh. T[;B{z nXozr dk d"ok fgnk. T[;dk fujok B[ZuV
frnk, T[;B{z fpwkoh dk d[y BjhA ;h, ;'udh ;h }fjo dk Nhek bkT[Dr/. FhFk d/ye/ efjD
bZrh- w?A fpbe[b T[; pKdo torh j' rJh jK fijVk ;kvh rbh ftZu wzrs/ ;kjwD/ BZfunk
eodk ;h s/ n;hA jZ; jZ; e/ b'N g'N j' j' e/ Ghy fdzd/. ihtB S'Nk wkorq/N, w"s tZvh.
fJ;/ j;gskb ftZu fJZe fdB wod e?dhnK B{z fJbki tk;s/ fbnKdk frnk. fJZe woh} B{z
fwb/Bk B/ gSkD fbnk, fJj sK gqf;ZX u?Ze fJfsjk;eko }/ft; ebzdok ;h. Bo; dh fwzBs
eoe/ fwb/Bk B/ T[; e'b gouh G/ih, fbfynk ;h-ykD bJh e[ZM G/iK< }/ft; B/ itkp fdsk,
d[pkok gouh Bk G/ihA fwb/Bk. s{z s/ w?A tvh w[;hps ftZu c; iktKr/. uzrh fe;ws B{z 1945
ftZu }/ft; fojk j'e/ gokr g[Zi frnk fiE/ 1949 ftZu efwT{fB;NK B/ frqcsko eoe/ T[;B{z
rZdko n?bkB e/ w"s dh ;}k fdZsh.
i/bQ ewKv?AN B/ fwb/Bk ns/ wkorq/N rZbK eodhnK d/y bJhnK. T[;B/ roifdnK wkorq/N B{z
fejk- w/o/ fgS/ nk. T[j s[o gJh. T[;d/ row eZgV/ T[sotk e/ mzY/ ;{sh eZgV/ g[nkJ/ rJ/ s/
sfjykB/ ftZu pzd eo fdsh. fJj fJwkos gfjb'A_ p?Ae j[zdh ;h s/ fJj }whBd'} b'j/ dk pe;k
;NoKr o{w ;h. T[j Bk o'Jh e[obkJh, Bk so; eoB bJh fwzBsK ehshnK, fejk eodh-
;kfJp/ohnk dk gzi ;kbk Boe G[rs u[eh, fco fJ; ;G e[M dk eh wkfJBk< G[yh oZfynk frnk
eJh fdBK sZe, sK ;[cB/ nkT[Ad/ fit/A nkb/ d[nkb/ vpb o'NhnK d/ gjkV j'D. mzY j'D eoe/
;[cfBnK ftZu o/Fwh oikJhnK fd;dhnK. e[M fdBK pkd fJj ;G pzd. Bk G[y ojh BK mzY
bZrh, nkbk d[nkbk FKs j' frnk, fJ; B{z w"s dh FKsh ej'r/ fe ihtB dh nk;, gsk BjhA,
go ni/ fwb/Bk tk;s/ fiT[Dk ukj[zdh ;h. T[;B{z wkorq/N dh b'V ;h. fJZe fdB pzeo dk
dotkik y[ZfbQnk, fJZe e?dh n"os B/ fBek fijk g?eN fdsk. fejk- fwb/Bk B/ G/fink j?, b[ek
b?. w?A uZbh. fJZe w[Zmh uhBh, E'Vh e[ po?Zv s/ d' pzd. fwb/Bk d/ gkgk B/ i' G/fink, T[;
ftZu'A_ fjZ;k. fJZe fdB fJjh e?dD c/o e[M d/D nkJh, wkorq/N B/ g'Nbh jZE ftZu cV bJh, T[j
n"os frVfrVkJh, efjD bZrh^ rq/N, w?A fwb/Bk B{z s/o/ tb'A efj fdnK fe s?B{z fe;/ uh} dh
b'V Bh< fJj ysoBke ezw j? rq/N, efjdK< T[;B/ jK ftZu f;o fjbkfJnk. fJ; B/oQ/ Boe ftZu
T[j uko wjhB/ pzd ojh.
fwb/Bk B{z gsk BjhA ;h fe wkorq/N fiT[Adh j? fe BjhA. T[j ewKvo o?wv'o e'b rJh. ewKvo
g{ok ibkd ;h. fwb/Bk B/ fejk- i/ s{z w?B{z rq/N B{z fwbtk dJ/A_ sK s?B{z nfijk G/d dZ;Krh fe
s/oh B"eoh pu ;e/. o?w T[Sfbnk, fJe fpwko e?dD dh fJj fjzws< id'A T[bNk f;ZXk petk;
eoB bZrk sK fwb/Bk B/ fejk- mhe j?, s/oh wo}h. tkg; s[oB bZrh sK o?w B/ fejk- nZSk,
sK dZ;. fwb/Bk B/ fejk- gfjbK rq/N B{z fwbk. o?w B/ fejk- pkd ftu fwbktKrk. fwb/Bk B/
fejk- wzB btK fe fJj iowB Bkrfoe dk tkndk j?< o?w B/ jK ftu f;o fjbkfJnk. fJj'
fijh rZb s/ iowB ibdh c{e Se iKd/ jB- gqkfw; nkc J/ iowB. fwb/Bk B/ dZf;nk fe
fpwko e?dDK B{z }fjo d/ Nhe/ Bkb wkfonk ik fojk j?. i' e?dh e?dDK fpwko BjhA go ;'B/
dk e'Jh dzd j?, vkH o/}BEkb s/ Bo; r/ovk i' vkeNo dh oy/b j? wko fdzd/ jB. Btiks
pZu/ gkDh ftu v'p e/ wko/ iKd/ jB. fJe e?dD B/ y[d pZuk izw fdZsk, pZu/ dhnK uheK ;G B/
;[DhnK go Bo; B/ n?bkB ehsk fe wfonk j'fJnk pZuk g?dk j'fJn?.
o?w B{z fejVk fJBQK rZbK dk gsk BjhA ;h. go T[j vo frnk fe rZb j[D BFo j' rJh j?,
w?A nkgD/ f;o ysok feT[A btK< ya?o T[;B/ fwb/Bk ns/ rq/N dh w[bkeks eotk fdZsh s/ vkeNo
ns/ Bo; B{z frqcsko eo fbnk. i/ fes/ o?w vkeNo dh socdkoh eoB dk c?;bk eo b?Adk
110
sK fwb/Bk d/ f;o ftu r'bh tZiDh ;h, fJ; rZb dk fwb/Bk B{z gsk ;h, go fco eh< fJ;
Bkb th eh coe g?Adk< fwb/Bk ;G ek;/ bJh fsnk; ;h. go rq/N B{z fwbDk }o{oh ;h. T[;dh
f}zdrh ehwsh ;h feT[Afe fwb/Bk B/ T[; s'A feskp fbytkDh ;h. fwb/Bk y[d fbyD s'A ngkji
j' rJh ;h.
fJZe fdB o?wv'o fwb/Bk e'b nk e/ p'fbnk- i/ s{z e?dDK dh i;{;h eoB br ikt/AA_, s?B{z
fonkfJsK fdnK. fwb/Bk jZ; gJh- rbs f;oBkt/A s/ g[Zi frn?_ o?w. w?A d[y ftu sK jK, Bk
p[}fdb jK, BK w{oy. o?w r[Z;k sK gh frnk go nkyo j'o eh efjzdk, p'fbnk- e'Jh fJ; rZb
s'A w[Bfeo BjhA j' ;edk fwb/Bk fe s{z FkBdko fJB;kB j?A. fwb/Bk B/ fejk- i/ s{z w[Bfeo j'
ikt/A_ sK th eh coe< w?A jK Jh id'A FkBdko.
ekcek B/ fwb/Bk B{z yas ftu d/o gfjbK fbfynk ;h- w"s sK j't/ go w"s dh sebhc Bk j't/,
fJj fJZSk rbs j?. fJ; fJZSk B{z B}onzdk} eoe/ th w"s dk f}eo j' ;ed?.
fJe fdB fwb/Bk B/ wkorq/N B{z fejk- w?B{z nkgDh Xh j"A_}k dh e'Jh ypo BhA fwbh. fe; ozr d/
eZgV/ gfjBdh j't/rh< eh bzwhnK i[okpK gkT[Adh j? T[j< yk; yk; fdBhA eh efonk eodh j?<
eh gsk ;e{b ikD' jN e/ fgnkB' tikT[A_dh ofjzdh j'J/ ;kok fdB < BkBk nkgDh d'jsh T[go
T[t/A ;ysh eodk j'fJrk fit/A w/o/ T[Zgo<
fJe fdB fwb/Bk B/ fgsk dk yas rq/N B{z gVQB bJh fdZsk. fJ; ys ftu fceo, Xh gqsh
fgnko ns/ ;Zu/ d[y s'A fJbktk e[M BjhA ;h. fwb/Bk B/ fejk- y{B d/ foFs/ pkps fgnko
gqrNkT[D dk w/o/ gkgk dk nkgDk jh nzdk} j?. fJ; Bkb eh coe g?A_d?< ;kc rZb e/tb fJj
j? fe T[j fBodJh j? j'o e[M BjhA. fwb/Bk B{z fJ; rZb dk gsk BjhA ;h fe r?Z;Nkg' B/
T[;dh wk;{w Xh T[go i[bw YkJ/ go T[j N[ZNh BjhA, e'Jh G/d BjhA fdZsk, r[zrh ns/ p'bh j'
rJh ;h f;gkjhnK ;kjwD/. T[; dk BkBk cyao Bkb d';sK ftu fJ; rZb dk f}eo efonk
eodk ;h.
;kohnK ;yhnK B/ c?;bk ehsk fe 10 nr;s 1943 B{z fwb/Bk dk iBw fdB wBkfJnk ikt/.
vofdnK, fes/ fwb/Bk dk nkyoh iBw fdB j't/, ;kohnK T[; tk;s/ s[jc/ fsnko eodhnK
ojhnK. fJe B/ eYkJh wFhB T[go fBZe/ o[wkb s/ fwb/Bk dk e?dh Bzpo T[efonk, fJe B/ eZgV/
T[go bkb ozr dh Nkeh eZN e/ fBek fijk fdb pDkfJnk, T[go fbfynk- fwb/Bk. rZb eh w/}
;[rksK Bkb Go frnk. fJ; gkoNh ftu BosehnK, gZsoeko, fusoeko, ;fjseko, f;nk;sdkB
jo fe;w dhnK e?dDK ;B. dzdK d/ p[oF Bkb jh nB/e fuso fsnko eo bJ/ rJ/. fwb/Bk
fJj ;kok e[M d/y e/ o' gJh- J/Bk tZvk ;ogqkJh}< fco wkch wzrh fe w?A fezB/ fezB/ fdB s[jkB{z
fwb BhA_ ;edh. go j[D w?A mhe j' iktKrh.
T[j fejk eodh- s[jkv/ e'b d' fszB iD/ j'D i/, w/ok wsbp j?, p; fJe ;jh d';s j't/ fi;
d/ ;kjwD/ ew}'o j'D ftu Fow Bk nkt/, fijVk fdnkb{ j't/ fe T[; nZr/ gFukskg eo ;e',
fco s[jkv/ tork e"D j? j'o< s[;hA_ T[;/ s'A fe;/ fonkfJs dh T[whd eo ;ed/ j' fijVk s[jkB{z
fgnko eodk j't/. pkehnK s'A e"D fonkfJs wzrdk j?< nkgD/ nkg Bkb sK e'Jh fonkfJs
eodk th BjhA.
;kb 1944 dhnK ;odhnK efjotkB ;B. fjNbo EK EK jko fojk ;h go fJXo e?dh fejVk
puD br/ ;B. fJe fJe fdB ftu gzikj gzikj w"sK j[zdhnK. e?dh nkgD/ w[od/ nkg Y'Ad/.
pj[s/ skp{s eh eoB/< fJe fJe eZcB ftu d' d' fgzio tV iKd/. eJh tko fJBQK dh th b'V
BK g?Adh. N'nk g[fNnk, w[od/ ;[ZN/ s/ wkVh w'Nh fwNh gk fdZsh. epoK dh y[dkJh e?dh eod/.
m/e/dko t/vb?Av nkgDh x'Vk rZvh T[go bkFK Y'fJnk eodk ;h go ezw tX ikD eoe/ T[;B/
NoZe b? fbnk.
fwb/Bk fJ; eoe/ x;odh x;odh ezw s/ iKdh fe fes/ T[;B{z g{oB ngkji ;wM e/ Nhek Bk
bk d/D. T[A_i T[; nzdobh ihtB o"_ ysw j' rJh ;h. edh jT[ek b? e/ efjzdh- w?A fiT[Adh
gokr BjhA ik ;edh j[D. i/ feZs/ t/vb?A_v nkyk wzB bt/, w/oh bkF gokr g[uk d/t/< T[jdh
ikeN fezBh ;[jDh n?, fezBk Gbk wB[Zy j? T[j.
gfjb/ vkeNo dh pdbh fgS_'A nzro/} vkeNo NqkfJN nkfJnk. T[j Gbk i[nkB ;h. T[;B/
fwb/Bk B{z dZf;nk fe T[j fwb/Bk d/ gkgk dk ftfdnkoEh fojk j?. fwb/Bk B{z fJspko nk
111
frnk. vkeNo B/, T[;dk w[ezwb w[nkfJBk ehsk. fJe r[odk g{oh soQK nb;o B/ Bekok eo
fdZsk ;h. fJj eZYDk }o{oh ;h. fsnkohnK j' rJhnK. y{B feE/ ;h< uVQkfJnk frnk. fJj
iBtoh 1944 dh rZb j?. T[;B/ y{B uVQB s'A pkd y[Fh y[Fh nkgD/ bkb bkb jZE e?dDK B{z
fdykJ/. nkgq/FB F[o{ j'fJnk sK pdfe;wsh Bkb p/j'Fh d"okB ftueko'A_ ikr gJh s/ vkeNo B{z
eZN e/ eZYh fevBh fdykT[D bJh fejk. vkeNo B/ fdyk fdZsh, fco p/j'F eo fdZsh. fujok
ghbk ;h. g{oh j'F ftu nkT[D s'A gfjbK T[;d/ p[ZbQ coe/, u?Ze GkFk ftu fJj Fpd ej/-
F[eo j? s/ok gow/Fo fgsk, fwjopkB fgsk.
T[j okih j'D bZrh. T[;d/ tkov ftu S/ n"osK w"s ns/ fizdrh ftueko fxohnK x[b ojhnK
;B. fwb/Bk dh fizdrh w[Vh d/ye/ T[jBK dhnK nZyK ftu uwe nk rJh, ihtB fco XVeD
bZrk. fwb/Bk d/ fgsk B/ gko;b G/fink, ;G e[M wohiK ftu tzv fdZsk frnk. wBj{; ewok
fsT[jko ftu pdb frnk. fJe wk;{w e[Vh B{z i/bQ dk ykDk edh BjhA gfunk, woB feBko/
g[Zih j'Jh ;h- fwb/Bk d/ fgsk tb'A nkJhnK ykD uhiK tZb T[j d/yD' jNh jh Bk. T[;B{z T[;dk
fjZ;k fdZsk frnk sK T[;B/ oZp d/ F[eokB/ dk rhs rkfJnk. ;kohnk e?dDK T[; Bkb fwb e/
rkT[D bZrhnK.
fwb/Bk wzih s'A T[m e/ dotk}/ ;kjwD/ p?m e/ ;hyK ftu'A dh pkjobh nk}kd d[BhnK d/yD bJh
T[mD tk;s/ skD bkT[D bZrh, ftnoE. fco T[j o'FBdkB ftu'A dh nkekF ftu T[vd/ pZdb
d/yD bZrh i' woih Bkb fJZXo T[Xo ik ;ed/ ;B. fJzB/ B{z Gko Y'AdhnK e?dDK B/ fJe rhs
S/V fbnkL
fyV rJ/ B/ d/; d/ r[bkp.
ikDk j? iBkp, T[E/ iktKr/ iBkp.
ozr pozr/ y[Fp{ fGzB/ fyV rJ/ r[bkp
ikB{z fyV rJ/ r[bkp.
fJj p'b ;[D e/ fwb/Bk B/ d'tK jZEK Bkb w{zj Ye fbnk s/ y{p o'Jh.
ngq?b d/ wjhB/ d{ik r[odk yokp j' frnk. j[D ;G T[whdK ysw. e?dDK B/ ob e/ fdB/ ;{oi
nZr/ nodk; ehsh, oks gJh sK skfonK nZr/ jZE i'V/. fizBh tXhe jkbs ftrVdh, fwb/Bk T[B/
jh ftFtk; Bkb fejk eodh- w?A mhe j' ojh nK. w/o/ g?oK dk ozr d/y', fJj e'Jh wodh j'Jh
n"os d/ g?o B/< w/o/ jZE dhnK behoK fwN ojhnK B/, fwfNnk Jh eodhnK B/.
fgsk B/ e[M e[ fdBK d/ tec/ pkd y{p;{os fdqFK tkb/ fszB g';Nekov G/i/, fJj w'}koN
ebkfeqsK dhnK c'N'nK ;B, fwb/Bk e?dDK B{z d;dh ofjzdh- d/y', fJj g[b. nkgD/ d';s co/vh
w/no Bkb w?A fJj g[b gko eodh j[zdh, nfj ;zs ikZB dk p[Zs j? fi;d/ fgS/ szr rbh gokr
d/ p}ko tZb iKdh j?. fJj g/AfNzr d/y'- uko d/tfsnK d/ jZEK ftu sbtkoK jB, dotk}k bzx
e/ n;hA wjZb nzdo ub/ iKd/, g"VhnK uVQBhnK g?AdhnK ;B.
fco fgsk dk yas nkfJnk, y{p;{os p;zs dhnK rZbK fbyhnK j'JhnK, pkr ftu fgT[ Xh tb'A
g[okD/ fdBK dh ;t/o dh ;?o, izrb dh ;?o, rZbK gVQe/ fejk- wkor/qN, gkgk j'o feT[A BjhA
fbyd/<
e[M fdBK pkd fgsk dk fco ys nkfJnk.fbfynk ;h- w[pkoe XhJ/. w/oh d'jsh B/ pkjothA gk;
eo bJh j?. gVQB B{z uzrh fBebh n?. fgsk B/ M{m fbfynk, fwb/Bk B/ M{m cV fbnk s/ nr'A
fuZmh BjhA gVQh.
15 wJh 1944 B{z tkB }/ftN dk G/fink gko;b nkfJnk. fwb/Bk B{z ;[DB' s/ fdZ;D' xN frnk
;h. pko pko g[ZSdh, fe;dk gko;b< pko pko dZf;nk iKdk- }/ftN dk. T[j dk ih eodk ;h
pko pko e'Jh fJj' Bkw ;[DkJh ikt/. fco F[eokB/ ftu mzYk ;kj fbnk, y[F j' e/ fejk-
F[eo oZp ;Zu/ dk fe T[j fiT[Adk j?. w?A ;wMdh ojh T[;B{z r'bh wko fdZsh rJh.
fwb/Bk d/ fgsk B{z }/ftN B/ jh dZf;nk ;h fe fwb/Bk fe; s;hjk e/Ado ftu j?. fwb/Bk s'A
pkd T[j th cfVnk frnk ;h go uzrh fe;ws }wkBs j' rJh. fwb/Bk dh }wkBs tk;s/
T[;B/ fJzs}kw eo bJ/, ndkbs dh gqtkBrh, }wkBsh pKv. tehb d/ xo pzp fvfrnk, ;G
ysw. wkorq/N nkgDh i/bQ fvT{Nh dh wFZes s/ rJh j'Jh ;h fe fJe e?dD d"Vh rJh- fwb/Bk
wo ojh j? rq/N, fwb/Bk wo ojh j? rq/N. fwb/Bk dk fujok FKs, nBzfds, uwedk, uwedhnK
BhbhnK nZyK Bkb wkorq/N tZb d/ye/ fwbD bJh pkjK c?bkJhnK. nkb/ d[nkb/ u?Ze e?dDK x/ok
gkJh yb'shnK ;B. fco p/j'F j' rJh. d' fdB pkd 17 wJh B{z jw/F tk;s/ nZyK pzd j'
112
rJhnK.vkeNo B/ fgsk i/;?A;eh B{z N?bhrqkw fdZsh- ukj' sK fwb/Bk dk skp{s gokr fbik ;ed/
j'.
wkorq/N, tZv/ i/bQ dotk}/ sZe bkF ftdk eoB rJh fbydh j?- jbeh p{zdk pKdh j' ojh ;h.
w?A ukj[zdh ;K w/ohnK rZbQK T[gobhnK p{zdK Bz{ eDhnK ;wfMnk ikt/. w"s s'A e[M fdB gfjbK
fwb/Bk B/ w?B{z fejk- :kd n? Bk s?Bz{< feskp fbyDh :kd j? Bk< xZN' xZN s{z w?B{z BjhA
G[Zb_/Arh. s/o/ okjhA w?A fiT[_Adh ojKrh. s/o/ okjhA b'eK B{z gsk bZr/rk fwb/Bk e[Vh e"D ;h. s{z
w/oh jwdod j?_, w/oh iZi. T[;d/ fJjBK p'bK B/ w?B{z T[;dh eEk fbyD dh fjzws fdZsh.
fwb/Bk dh w"s t/b/ Xh j"I}k frnkoK ;kb dh ;h, ;skoK ;kb dh T[wo tes vkeNo BkBk
ftdk j' frnk. fwb/Bk nkgD/ f;nk;h ns/ ;kfjse ezwK ftu J/Bh T[bMh ofjzdh fe fi; soQK
dh gfotfoF fgnko Go/ wkj'b ftu j'Dh ukjhdh j?, j'I}k dh T[t/I BjhI j'Jh. wK Xh ;j/bhnK
tKr ofjzdhnK ;B. wkfgnK dk ;jh fgnko Bk fwbD ekoB fJ; e[Vh dh f}zdrh d[oxNBktK
Gog{o ojh. j'I}k dk p/Nk ikB ;oBh d;dk j? fe wzwh ed/ w/oh BkBh dh rZb BjhI eo ;eh.
n;hI ;G j?okB ofj rJ/ id'I ;k~ gsk bZrk T[;B/ sK fwb/Bk T[go feskp fby oZyh j?. fJ;
feskp dk Bkw j? ekcek dh fwb/Bk (ekcek@} fwb/Bk) J/HihH poB/ B/ u?Ze ftu'I nzro/}h ftu
nB[tkd ehsk j?.
j'I}k fbydh j? - @@wK dh w"s s'I fJe ;kb pkd :[ZX ysw j' frnk. w?~ :ehB BjhI nkT[Idk
;h wK dh w"s dk. fJe n"os B/ w?~ bzwk ]s fbfynk. fJj phph nyhob/ ;kj sZe o/tz;po[e
i/bQ ftu wzwh Bkb ojh ;h. fJ; ]s ftu i/bQ nzdob/ jkbks dk ft;Eko ;fjs toDB ;h,
pj[s ;ko/ e?dhnK d/ Bkw fby/ j'J/ ;B go w?I J/Bh S'Nh ;K fe w/oh e[M ;wM ftu Bk
nkfJnk. w?~ e[ZM j'o ukjhdk ;h, e'Jh fJj' fijk ;p{s fiE'I w?~ gek gZsk bZr ikt/ fe wK
BjhI ojh. gZso fbyD tkbh nKNh wkorq/N fJe fdB xo nk rJh. wzwh dk fJe N[ZNk dzd
wkorq/N B/ ;zGkb fbnk ;h. T[;B/ w?~ fJj fBFkBh ;'Ig fdsh.
w/} T[go w/o/ ;kjwD/ wkwk dk dzd fgnk ;h, T[jh dzd fijVk T[;d/ jk;/ ftu Fkwb j'fJnk
eodk ;h, fijVk w/o/ Bkb rZbK efonk eodk ;h. nKNh B/ w?~ fejk- w/o/ e'b T[jdk j'o e[M
BjhI, ;'funk fJjh s?~ d/ nktK, FkfJd s?~ uzrk bZr/. fJj n"os uzrh ;h, fdnkb{ ;h go
uzr/ ns/ fdnkb{ b'eK ftu th feXo/ e'Jh gZEo fdb ibkZd p?mk j[zdk j?. dzd d/y e/ w?I ezp
rJh. go ub' fJBh rZb mhe j'Jh fe wK dh w"s T[go :ehB nk frnk.
@@fJ; fBFkBh B/ w/ok ti{d d[ckV eo fdZsk. w?I fJj~ ngD/ e'b fet/I oZyK< wo u[e/ pzd/ d/
c[Zb c[ZbdkB ftu gke/ e'Jh ngD/ B}dhe oZy ;ed?< w?I fJj~ ;[N th BjhI ;edh ;K. e[dos
B/ w/oh wdd ehsh. fJ; ~ ;zGkb e/ w?I fe;/ nfijh EK oZy fdsk fe w?~ w[V e/ BjhI bZGk,
Bk w?I bZGD dk :sB ehsk. pzd/ ~ i/ jo xNBk :kd ojh ikt/, T[j sK gkrb j' e/ y[deFh
eo bt/. pzd/ dk fdwkr T[ZBhnK e[ :kdK ;zGkbdk j? fiBhnK e[ dk Gko Y' ;e/. tZvh ;ZN yk
e/ p/j'F j' ikDk th sK dod s'I puD dk e[dos B/ sohek eZfYnk jh j?. w?~ brd? fe wK
~ e'Jh rZb BjhI G[bdh ;h, id'I wo}h i' wo}h g[ZS bT[. i/ T[; ftu G[bk d/D dh Fesh
j[zdh j' ;ed? T[j fiT[Idh ofj ;edh. T[;~ wkfonk Jh T[; dh :kddkFs B/ j?.
@@w?I T[;d/ d';sK ns/ d[FwDk ~ fwbh. T[;d/ ]s ns/ T[;d/ b/y gVQ/. ekcek B/ wkwk ~ i'
]s fby/ T[j sK feskp o{g ftu Sg u[e/ jB. wK dh w"s ~ j[D s/Jh ;kb j' rJ/ jB. w?I
;'funk j[D w/o/ e'b T[; tk;s/ dZ;D bJh e[M e[ rZbK jB. g{oh soK fe;/ pzd/ ~ e'Jh ikD
jh BjhI ;edk. d{i/ ~ sK eh ikDBk n;hI ngD/ nkg ~ BjhI ikDd/. fJj wzB e/ fe wkwk ~
e'Jh BjhI ikD ;fenk, Bk ikD ;e/rk, w? fbyD tk;s/ ebw uZ[eh.
@@fJe fdB rZbK eofdnK wK B/ nukBe fejk - j"I}k s{z fe;/ ftd/;h ~ fgnko Bk eohI. i/
eo p?m/I, ftnkj Bk eohI. i/ co} eo ftnkj eok bt/I sK pZu/ Bk bthI T[; s'I. w?I fejk-
mhe j? wK. wkwk B/ fejk - tkndk < w?I fejk tkndk fojk. w?I T[; rZb dk tkndk eo fdsk
fi; pko/ T[d'I w?~ e'Jh gsk BjhI ;h fe fJ; ;G dk wsbp eh j?. p; wkwk B/ fejk tkndk
eo, w?I tkndk eo fdZsk. d; ;kb dh i[nkeVh ~ fJjBk rZZbK dk dh gsk <
@@BkBk B/ w?~ fejk, s/o/ wkwk Bkb i/bQ ftu w[bkeks eoe/ nkT[B/ nK. nkfrnk fwb rJh j?.
n;hI d't/I fJe dotk}k bzx e/ T[; gk;/ d/yD bZr/ fiXo'I wkwk B/ nkT[Dk ;h. fJe n"os
nkT[Idh fdZ;h. Bk w?I gSkD ;eh, Bk BkBk ih. bzrk e/ s[odh d/ye/ n;hI ;wM rJ/ fe wkwk
113
j?. jZE ns/ g?o ;[Zi/ j'J/ ;B. fujok s;hfjnK eoe/ pdb frnk j'fJnk ;h. T[;B/ g[fSnk -
gVQkJh fet/I ub ojh n?< w?I fejk - ;k~ ipoB iowB p'bh f;ykT[D br/ j'J/ jB. n;hI
f;yd// Jh Bh. ;k~ uzrh Gbh ;wM nk iKdh n? go n;hI Nhuo ~ efj fdzB/ nK ;k~ sK gsk
BjhI brdk fJjdk. wkwk B/ fejk - s{z w{oy ojI/rh ;koh T[wo. iowB s'I ;[jDh w?~ dZ;
d[BhnK ftu j'o fejVh p'bh j?. i/ iowB b'e ibkZd j' rJ/ jB sK fJ; dk e;{o iowB
p'bh dk E'VQk j?.
@@wkwk fJ; otkfJs d/ fybkc ;h fe fwbD tes iK ftdkfJrh tes ;fseko Bkb M[e e/ jZE
u[Zw'. fejk eodh - @@j?b' ej'. jZE fwbkT[. fJj r[bkwK tkbh nkds w?~ fuVk fdzdh j?.##
rZbK eofdnK MZN ftu ;wK phs frnk. w?~ :kd BjhI fezBk e[ fuo fwb/. go fJT[I bZfrnk
fit/I nZy d/ c'o ftu ;wK phs frnk. id'I ftSVB bZr/, w?~ gsk Bh eh j' frnk, wK dh
jdkfJs d/ T[bN w?I r'fvnK Gko p?m e/ T[;dk ;[Zfink j'fJnk jZE fgSb/ gkf;T[I uz[w fbnk.
w?~ fJT[I eofdnK d/ye/ gfjbK T[j w[;eokJh fco fMVeD dh EK T[;B/ w?~ iZch ftu b?
fbnk. w?I ngD/ f;o T[go jzM{nK dk MoBk trdk gqshs eo fbnk. fJ; fgS'I w?I T[j edh
BjhI d/yh. w?~ wkorq/N nKNh B/ dZf;nk ;h fe fJj rZb fwb/Bk B/ eJh tko T[;~ ;[DkJh ;h.
@@g[okD/ ;w/I ftu fe;/ B/ i/bQ d/ ek~B xV/. T[j e'D ;h s/ fe; d/; dk ;h, gsk BjhI go
jo :[r ftu jo/e d/; dhnK i/bQK ftu fJe' fe;w d/ T[jh fB:w nZi sZe bkr{ jB. fe;/
Bkb d[FwDh j' rJh bV gJ/, i/bQ ftu nk rJ/. i/bQ nzdob/ pzfdnK Bkb th d[FwDhnK g?
ikfJnk eodhnK jB. go fi; pzd/ ekoB ;}k j'Jh, iK fi; Bkb i/bQ nzdo bVkJh j' rJh,
d[FwD T[j BjhI. d[FwD T[j j? fi; B/ gfjbh tko i/bQ dk ek~B xfVnk.
@@vkeNo B/ BkBk ih ~ wzwh dh w"s dh N?bhrqkw G/ih ;h s/ fejk ;h bkF b? ikT[. BkBk p[oh
soKQ N[ZN u[Zek ;h. T[j iowBh ftu ike/ feE/ bkF fbnkD i'rk ;h. T[E/ jh dcB eoe/ e[M
fBFkBhnK vkeNo B/ G/i fdshnK ;B. n;hI fdB oks fynkb oyd/ fe BkBk y[deFh Bk eo
bt/. T[; d/ p'bK dh bVh N[ZN iKdh ;h. rZb F[o{ fes'I eodk, ysw fes/ j'o. fJ; ypo s'I
pkd T[;B/ w?~ fwb/Bk nky e/ p[bkT[Dk F[o{ eo fdsk.
@@w?I i/o'wo ~ fJj ]po d/D rJh. o' o' e/ ;[ZihnK T[;dhnK nZyK s'I w?I ;wM rJh T[;~
gfjb'I jh gsk j?. ;kfonK s'I tXhnk w?~ b[who nzeb bZfrnk. w?I T[;~ ]po d/D tk;s/ xo
rJh sK w/ok ekbk rkT[B d/y e/ fpBk dZf;nK T[j ;wM frnk. T[;B/ fJe bc} th jwdodh
iK T[dk;h dk BjhI fejk. T[j~ gsk ;h fJj' fij/ bc}K s'I w?I EZeh j'Jh jK. w?~ efjzdk -
@@j'I}k uZb pk}ko uZbhJ/. n;hI d' xzN/ fJXo T[Xo fcod/ oj/. T[;B/ wkwk dhnK rZbK sK w/o/
Bkb ehshnK go fJ; soK fit/I T[j fiT[Idh j't/. w?~ T[jdhnK rZbK pj[s uzrhnK bZrhnK.
w/oh EekD ns/ T[dk;h bZE rJh.@@
114
jkfcaia ;ahokiah
fi; ceho ;akfJo dh ;kyh fbyD tk;s/ p?m frnk jK, T[;dk Bkw Bk jkfcaia ;h Bk ;ahokiah.
wkfgnK B/ T[;dk Bkw w[jzwd FZw;[ZdhB oZfynk. FZw; wkfJB/ ;{oi ns/ dhB wkfJB/ Xow. Xow
dk ib". e[okB fBeh T[wo/ iapkBh :kd j' frnk sK jkfcaia dk o[spk fwfbnk. pkrK d/ ;afjo,
T[d'I JhokB dh okiXkBh Fhokia ftZu g?dk j'D eoe/, pkfFzdk j'D eoe/ Fhokiah pfDnk. ;z;ko
T[;Bz{ jkfcia ;ahokiah d/ Bkw Bkb :kd eodk j? p/;ae ;akfJoh ftu th T[j ;{oi ;h s/ caehoh
ftu th T[;dk e'Jh ;kBh BjhI. ;kb 1320 ftu T[j rohp wkfgnK d/ xo g?dk j'fJnk s/ B"
;kb dh T[wo ftu fgsk ;z;ko s'I ftdk j' frnk. wK T[;Bz{ p/eoh dh d[ekB T[go B"eo oytk
nkJh fiE/ T[j n";sB 12 xzN/ ezw eodk. nZX/ g?;/ wK Bz{ fdzdk, nZX/ nkgD/ T[BQK nfXnkgeK
Bz{ fdzdk fiBQK gk;'I oks Bz{ d/o sZe ;zrhs, ;akfJoh, fusoekoh ns/ noph f;ydk.
fJ; s'I gfjbK fe T[; dh ihtB ejkDh j'o fbyhJ/, uzrk j't/rk i/ fJ; fbys dk
nkrkia T[;d/ ngD/ p'bK Bkb eohJ/. fJ;dk tXhe ckfJdk w?Bz{ j't/rk. T[; dk ;[owzvb,
wkj"b ftu nfijh wzrbwJh bfjo g?dk eo/rk fe w/ohnK nkw fijhnK rZbK yk; j' ikDrhnK.
jkfcia Bz{ sK ;akpk;a e[Zb ijkB ;Zs ;" ;kbK s'I fdzdk nk fojk j?, ;zGt j? fe T[;d/ Biadhe
p?mD Bkb w?Bz{ th wkVh w'Nh dkd fwb/. JhokB ftu d' wjhB/ fpskJ/ fi; d"okB w?I T[;dk
dhtkB nzro/iah ftu gfVQnk. jkiao jB T[;d/ p'b L
@@w?I s[jkv/ T[iV/ y/s nkpkd eoKrk.
w?I o/fr;skBk Bz{ pkr pDk fdnKrk.
s[jkv/ T[dk; wz{j id'I w?I nkgD/ jzM{nK Bkb X'J/,
s[;hI wzB ikUr/ fe jkfcia dhnK MVhnK,
d/; nkpkd eo ;edhnK jB HHHHHHH.##
%%%
@@sz{ fwjopkB j'e/ ;kv/ tZb Biao ehsh,
sK nihp nihp ;kia b?e/ ozr pozr/ gzSh
iawhB T[go T[Zso/.
;zrhs F[o{ j'fJnk.
sz{ Bkokiarh Bkb go/ wz{j ehsk s/ s[o frnk
sK nZyK ftu jzM{ BZu T[m/.
sz{ Bkb ;h sK ;zrhs.
sz{ d{o ;h sK ;zrhs.
T[wo Go ;zrhs B/ ;kvh gfoeowk ehsh,
s/o/ ekoB.
%%%
@@w/ok dhtkB gVQB s'I pkd
id'I e'Jh j'o feskp y'bQ'r/,
T[; feskp ns/ s[jkvhnK nZyK ftueko
yb'fJnk eoKrk w?I.
w/o/ rhs ;[DB s'I pkd
j'o fe;/ d/ rhs ;[D'r/,
rtZJhJ/ d/ j'mK ns/ s[jkv/ ezBk ftueko
yb'fJnk eo/rk jkfcaaia.
w?I s[jkv/ ;[nkd J/B/ ftrkV fdnKrk
fe nkw ;akfJo, nkw ;zrhs s[jkBz{ g;zd BjhI nkJ/rk.
w?I pz;oh d/ T[BQK ;[okyK ftu'I BjhI
fiBQK T[go T[IrbK fNedhnK jB.
w?I pz;oh dk T[j ;[oky jK
fi; Bz{ :;{ w;hj d/ j'mK B/ u[zfwnk ;h.
115
T[d'I T[j fJZeh ;kb dk ;h id'I p/eoh dh d[ekB T[go e[Vh o'Nh yohdD nkJh. fJj'
fijh e[Vh fe jkfcia B/ fJzBh ;[jDh j'o e'Jh d/yh BjhI ;h. T[; s'I g?;/ cV/ s/ o'Nh b?e/ e[Vh
ubh rJh. jkfcia Bz{ o'wK; d/ nfij/ s{ckB dh skes dk e'Jh gsk BjhI ;h. T[;Bz{ gsk Bk
br/ eh eo/, eh Bk eo/. T[;B/ wkbe nr/ v/Y wjhB/ dh S[Nh tk;s/ noia ehsh. wkbe B/
fejk - go s/oh EK v/Y wjhBk fe;/ j'o S'eo/ Bz{ oZyDk gJ/rk, ;' fpB sBykj ik ;ed?I.
jkfcia fpB sBykj ubk frnk.
rohp ftXtk wK d/ fJ; g[Zso dh ;aeb ;{os th dofwnkBh fijh ;h. T[; e[Vh dk
fbpk; ns/ ;aeb d;dh ;h fe tv/ ykBdkB dh Xh j?. T[;B/ tv/fonK s'I ;[fDnk ns/ feskpK
ftu gfVQnk j'fJnk ;h fe ubhjk (ukbh fdB fBozso pzdrh) eZND Bkb wB dh w[okd g{oh j'
iKdh j?. ;' fp;fwZbk nkye/ fJeKs ftu p?m frnk. fdB bzx/. jcas/ bzx/. nkek;a s'I o";aBh
j/mK T[Zsoh. ;fji/ ;fji/ o";aBh fgS/ jNh s/ y{p;{os fujok fdf;nk. cfo;as/ B/ g[ZfSnk, @@eh j?
fdb dh fJZSk< i' wzr'r/ fwb/rk.## d/o sZe nZtke jkfcai T[; tZb d/ydk fojk. cfo;as/ B/
fco fejk, @@fMie' BK, vo' Bk, ;zr' BK. i' ej'r/ ;' fwb/rk.##
jkfcia B/ g[ZfSnk, @@s[;hI oZp j'<## cfo;as/ B/ fejk, @@BjhI, w?I oZp tb'I G/fink j'fJnk
cfo;ask jK.##
jkfcia B/ fejk, @@fi; dk cfo;ask J/Bk ;[jDk j?, T[j nkg sK T[;s'I th tXhe ;[jDk
j'J/rk<##
@@:ehBB.## cfo;as/ B/ fejk, @@T[; torh y{p;{osh j'o fes/ BjhI. edh ;zGt BjhI. T[;
tork T[j nkg j? e/tb.##
jkfcia B/ jZE i'V e/ fejk, @@c/o w?Bz{ oZp d/ d/j.##
cfo;ask jZ; fgnk, fejk, @@nZsko Bz{ fwb. w[jzwd nZsko Bz{. T[; okjhI fwb/rk. w?I BjhI d/
;edk.## fJj nkye/ cfo;ask b'g j' frnk.
T[;B/ nZsko dk do yVekfJnk ns/ nkgDk w[o;ad Xkfonk. fi; e[Vh Bz{ jk;b eoB
tk;s/ T[;B/ ubhjk eZfNnk, T[;Bz{ ;dk bJh G[Zb frnk. wK B/ fij' fijh e[Vh bZGh T[;Bz{
ftnkj fbnkfJnk. fJZeh ;kb dh T[wo ftu T[;B/ rhs fbyD/ F[o{ ehs/. J/;ahnk ftu T[;d/
rhsK dhnK X[zwK g? rJhnK. i[nkB T[;d/ rhs rkT[Id/ feT[Ife T[BQK Bz{ brdk fJj o[wKfNe
gq/w-rhs jB. p}[or T[;d/ rhs rkT[Id/ feT[Ife fJ; d[BhnK s'I gko dhnK rZbK ehshnK jkfcia
B/. fijVk fJ;ae T[;B/ ehsk, T[; torh gftZso pzdrh j'o BjhI fd;dh. T[;dk f;ano j?,
@@s/o/ fbpk; s'I gsk BjhI bZrk fwZso
fe sz{ fe; d/; s'I nkfJn?.
sz{ w?Bz{ nkgDh iapkB dk gfjbk nZyo dZ; fejV?,
w?I s/oh iapkB ftu
nkgD/ rhs s?Bz{ ;[DktKrk.
fJ; fJZe f;ano ftu T[;dk n?bkB j? fe T[j d[BhnK dh jo/e p'bh ftu nkgDk edw oZy/rk.
T[;dhnK X[zwK cko;h irs ftu T[;d/ fiT[Id/ ih g? rJhnK ;B, j'oBk p'bhnK ftu T[j :ehBB
g[Zi/rk.
T[j brksko nZsko e'b iKdk fojk. nZsko y[;ae ;h, ;yas ;h. T[j jkfcia d/ rhsK,
riabK, f;anoK dh dkd Bk fdzdk. fejk eodk, @@fJj yZgykBk w?Bz{ Bh g;zd. pzdrh eo'.##
ukbh ;kb dh jkfcia dh T[wo ;h id'I T[;d/ fJeb"s/ i[nkB g[Zso dh w"s j' rJh. pZu/
dh wK J/vh ;ZN podk;as Bk eo ;eh, T[j th fgS/ fgS/ ubh rJh. jkfcia fJeZbk ofj
frnk. nZsko dh ;zrs s'I T[j EZe frnk. xo'I nkgDh ;'Nh u[Zeh s/ izrb dk o[ya ehsk.
izrb ftu ike/ iawhB T[go, T[;B/ ;'Nh Bkb r'b dkfJok tkfjnk. d{ih tko c/o ubhjk eZND
bJh T[j dkfJo/ ftueko ik p?mk.
fezB/ fdB, feB/ jcs/ bzx/, e'Jh gsk BjhI. cfo;ask c/o Xosh s/ T[sZfonk. jkfcia B/
nZyK y'bQhnK. nktkia nkJh, @@wB dh w[okd g{oh j'J/rh. i' ykfj;a j? iakjo eo'. g{oh j'J/rh.##
jkfcia B/ fejk, @@feT[I nkfJnk ;h w?I J/E/< eh ;h w/oh w[okd< w/oh sK e'Jh w[okd ojh
jh BjhI pekfJnk. ;G e[M sK fwb u[Zek j? w?Bz{. s?Bz{ eh ukjhd/ sz{ dZ;. g{oh eoKrk s/oh
wB;ak.##
cfoFas/ B/ fejk, @@fMie' Bk, vo' BKj. i' wzr'r/ fwb/rk.##
116
jkfcia p'fbnk, @@fMie fe; rZb dh< vo fe;d? w?Bz{< s{z ike/ nkgD/ ezw eo. w/oh
pzdrh ftu ftxB Bk gkfJnk eo ykjwykj.##
cfoFas/ B/ fejk, @@rZb wzB'. ;'Nh u[Ze' ns/ nZsko dh M"IgVh sZe ikT[. n;hI s?Bz{ fgnko
eoB tkbhnK uhiaK jK. nkyk wzB'.##
jkfcia T[fmnk. ;'Nh u[Zeh. ;ji/ ;ji/, vrwrKdhnK bZsK Bkb T[j nZsko d/ fNekD/ tZb
s[o fgnk. id'I M"IgVh sZe g[Zik, nZsko nkgD/ jZE ftZu ;aokp d/ d' fgnkb/ bJh T[vhe fojk
;h. nZsko B/ fejk, @@feE/ ubk frnk ;h sz{ fpBk dZ;/< w[ZdsK j' rJhnK w?Bz{ T[vhefdnK. ;kv/
p}[orK B/ p/nzs w[;ZaesK eoe/ fJj ;aokp fsnko ehsh ;h bZyK ;kb gfjbK. d' fgnkb/ fwb/
T[; ftu'I. fJe s/o/ eowK ftu fbfynk ;h fJe w/o/ eowK ftu. jkfcia Bz{ fgnkbk cVkfJnk.
d'jK B/ fgnkb/ ykbh ehs/. d'jK B/ iZch gkJh s/ d'tK B/ jkfcia d/ rhs rkJ/. fpBk fe;/ j'o
Bz{ dZ;D d/, nZsko nDdZ;h EK s/ ubk frnk. ikD s'I gfjbK T[;B/ jkfcia Bz{ nkgDk tko;
Ekg fdZsk. jkfcia gk;'I pkd;akjK B/ w[okdK wzrhnK. ;kb 1389 ftu T[j ckBh ;z;ko ftu'I
fi;wkBh s"o s/ frnk. T[;d/ rhsK d/ p'b j[D sZe T[t/I skiak sohB jB L
wB w;s[ s{ dhtkBj..
wkok fe pod ykBj..
;d pko s[ok r[csw
ew y[o d' ;j g?wkBj..
fJ; Biaw ftu T[j nkgDh eftsk Bkb rZbK eofdnK g[ZSdk j?,
@@sz{ iBw s'I F[d?D j?I, w?I ;aokp pj[sh gh frnk ;h.
nkgK Bz{ xo e"D SZv e/ frnk ;h T[; fdB<
eftsk nkydh j? - w?I s?Bz{ ;" tko fejk j? fe d' fszB rbk; dko{ d/
ghD/ pzd eod/.
jkfcia nkydk j? - w?I s?Bz{ jiako tko fej? fe gkrbgD pzd eo.
eftsk - uZb fJT[I eod/ nK, w?Bz{ gkrbgD eoB d/, sz{ dko{
ghJh uZb. nkgK Bz{ xo sK SZv Jh iKd? e'Jh Bk e'Jh.
fJBQK pzdK ftZu @xo# bcaia T[go fXnkB d/Dk gt/rk. jo/e Xow-rqzE ftu fbfynk j'fJnk j?
fe ;z;ko xo BjhI j?. fJj ;oK j? w[;kcoK dh. xo fes/ j'o j?. jkfcia dZ; fojk j? fe
T[j ngD/ xo g[Zi frnk j'fJnk j?. jchia ibzXoh dk f;ano j?L
ceho'I ek iwxN xVh d' xVh
;aokp/I fsohI n"o g?wkB/ fso/..
fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu jkfcia d/ nzro/iah ftu nB[tkd ty ty b'eK tb'I ehs/ gVQdk fojk.
;G s'I fgS'I fijVk nB[tkd gfVQnk, T[j d/Bhnb bfdz;eh dk j? s/ Bkw j? @d frcN, g'fJwia
pkJh jkfcaia. fJ; Bz{ g?Ir[fJB ezgk; B/ 1999 ftu fBT[:koe s'I Skfgnk. w[ypzX ftu T[j
fbydk j?, @@eJh ;kb bzx rJ/. jkfcia dk dhtkB gVQh iKdk. wB ftu pko pko fJ; dk
nzro/iah soiwk eoB dk fXnkB nkT[Idk. go eh eodk, j[zdk BjhI ;h. jkfcia dk nB[tkd fJt/I
j? fit/I e'Jh nukBe s[jkBz{ efj dJ/ fe o';aBh dk nB[tkd eo. ;wk phsdk frnk. jw/;a tKr
fJe oks o'Nh ykXh s/ ;"I frnk. jkfcaia w/o/ ;[cB/ ftu nkfJnk. w?Bz{ fejk - sz{ nB[tkd feT[I
Bh eodk w/o/ dhtkB Bz{ < w?I fejk - ;woZEk BjhI. eoB dh fJZSk j?, eo BjhI j[zdk. T[j
;koh oks nzro/iah ftu w?Bz{ nkgD/ rhs ;[DkT[Idk fojk. ;koh oks w?I o"Idk fojk. ;t/o j'D s/
ekria gZso EK f;o ehs/ s/ ezw F[o{ eo fdZsk. fijV/ fjZ;/ uzr/ bZrD, T[jh jB fijV/ jkfcia
B/ nB[tkd ehs/ s/ ;[DkJ/. e[ZM c}{b bZr/, T[j w/ok e;{o j?, feT[Ife T[j w/ok nB[tkd j?.
d' ;dhnK gfjbK r/N/ B/ iowB ftu jkfcia dk e[ZM fjZ;k nB[tkd eoe/ :'og Bz{ T[;dh
skes s'I ikD{ eotkfJnk ;h. jkfcaia ns/ r/N/ ftueko gzi ;dhnK dk ck;bk j? go r/N/
nkgDh feskp d/ w[ypzX ftu fbydk j?, @@jkfcia ns/ r/N/ i"V/ Gok jB.##
@@i/ e'Jh w/o/ s'I g[S/ fe jkfcaia dk gho e"D j?,## r/N/ B/ fbfynk, @@sK w?I ejKrk -
gkrbgD. T[; tork F[dkJh e"D j'J/rk<##
n?wo;B B/ fejk - fezBk uzrk j[zdk w?E'I jkfcia tKr fby j[zdk.jkfcia dh bzwh Biaw dk
gzikph tkose ftu nB[tkd gVQ'-
117
@@;Zu j? fJj. w/ok ezB j?rk ;h w/o/ e'b. d/o gfjbK w?I fJe wZSh e'b t/u fdsk ;h fJj.
nkokw Bkb p?m'. fet/I j'fJnk fJj ;G e[M, ;ji/ ;ji/ dZ;Krk. rZb jh eoBh j? Bk. fiE'I
woiah F[o{ eo fdT[. fi; ijkB ftu w/ok tk;k j?, T[E/ jo/e bcia wjkB j?. fiE'I woiah F[o{
eo'. ;wk, ;EkB, T[dk;h, goSkt/I jB fJj ;G. d[y, fuzsk fJe fdB nkT[Dr/ s/o/ e'b,
frVfrVkT[IfdnK fywK wzrDr/, efjDr/ - n;hI M{m p'bd/ oj/ fwZso. ;kv/ s/ sz{ ekjBz{ fJspko
ehsk< jK, rZb w?I eo fojk ;h T[; wZSh dh i' w/ok ezB yohd e/ b? rJh ;h. i[nkB' fJj th
;Zu j? fe uzd B/ w/o/ f;o dk w[Zb gk fdZsk. mZrK d/ ro'j B/ id'I w?Bz{ x/ok gk fbnk, sK
w/oh wfjp{p B/ fJsokia ehsk fe w?I ykjwykj G/d feT[I dZ;h frnk< J/Bh ehwsh ;aokp w?I w[cs'
w[csh feT[I fgbkJh< w?Bz{ tZv/ iZi dh ndkbs ftu g/;a ehsk frnk s/ tehb g/;a eoB bJh
iZi B/ w?Bz{ j[ew fdZsk. w?I fejk - w?I nkgDk tehb nkg jK, w?I ngDk gZy y[d g/;a eo ;edk
jK. w/ok BjhI fJj w/oh nodk; dk e;{o ;h fi;B/ w/o/ nZr/ yiakfBnK d/ dotkia/ y'jb fdZs/ s/
fejk - tzv d/j. w[eDr/ BjhI. fJ; oew ftu'I w?I fJe fNeN yohfdnk, fNeN j? ;c?d pZdb
i' Xosh Bz{ BjhI n;wkB Bz{ S[zjdk j?. y[d BjhI b? e/ rJh wZSh w/ok ezB, w?I fo;ats fdsh ;h
T[jBz{. sK fes/ T[j w/ok ezB vz{x/ ;w[zdo dh sfj she b? rJh. j[D w/ok wfjp{p ukj/ u"bh
j"bh rZb eo/, ukj/ ;fji/ ;fji/ s[o/ HHHH w?Bz{ gsk bZr iKd?. ;w[zdo s"I b?e/ n;wkB she, w?Bz{
T[;d/ ;kjK dh nktkia ;[DkJh fdzdh j?. n?t/I sK ceho w/o/ Bkb Jhoyk BjhI eod/< J/; ;z;ko
ftu w/o/ fijk skesto ik;{; e'Jh BjhI. sK jh sK uzd yfjpV fgnk ;h fJe fdB w/o/ Bkb.
T[;/ B/ cVtkfJn? w?Bz{. J/; iZi dh eufjoh ftu fijVk fgziok bNedk j?, T[; ftu ;kok
ijkB pzd j?. oZp vo frnk ;h fe fJj ;a?dkJh w[Zedwk fis/rk. T[j p/u?B j'fJnk fe J/;
r[Bkjrko dh F[jos c?b/rh ijkB nzdo. s[;hI wzBDk BjhI, fJj iZi w?B{z izwD s'I gfjbK dk
ikDdk ;h. w/ohnK rZbK ;[De/ s[;hI nkyDk j? fJj fe;/ ;aokph dk ehsk j'fJnk petk; j?.
fJjh sK w?I efjBk. fgnko ftu ehshnK j'JhnK nk;aeK dhnK rZbK ftnoE sK j[zdhnK jB go
B;a/ s'I ykbh BjhI j[zdhnK. w?I wzB ikBk fe w/ohnK rZbK petk; jB, s[;hI wzB ikU fe w?I
s[jkBz{ fgnko eodK. nk;ae s'I u[Zg BhI eo j[zdk.##
wB;{o Bkb i' phfsnk, T[;Bz{ nfj;k; ;h, fJ; eoe/ T[j pu pu e/ ubdk j? s/
fJ;akfonK okjhI ;wMkT[Idk j? –
@@w/ohnK nZyK ftu'I nkgDh s;tho d/ye/ sz{ jZ;h BjhI ;h joB'NhJ/<
j[D sz{ w[eodh j?I. c/o fejVk w?I p[ok wBkT[Idk jK <
ikjb ;z;ko ;kjwD/ fJj' fijhnK rZbK wzBhdhnK Jh Bh j[zdhnK.
;a/y ;kndh ns/ w"bkBk o{w th ;ahokia ftu oj/, jkfcia s'I fJe ;dh gfjbK. jkfcia
nkydk j? - J/BQK w[o;adK Bz{ id'I s[oBk nk frnk, p; c/o uZb ;' uZb. d[BhnK rkj wkoh.
Fhokia ftu tV/ Jh Bk. w?Bz{ ;ahokia s'I uzrk j'o e'Jh EK bZrk Jh Bk.
o{w ns/ ;kndh tZv/ jB, fJ; ftu eh fttkd j?< go jkfcia Bz{ gVQfdnK gVQfdnK fJT[I
wfj;{; j'Jh frnk fe jkfcia Bz{ T[j ;kok e[M ;ahokia ftu p?fmnk pmkfJnk fwb frnk fi; dh
sbk;a ftu ;kndh j'ohI EK EK d/;K god/;K ftu x[zw/.
;a/o;akj ;{oh s'I jko e/ j[wk:z{ B/ JhokB ftu ;aoD bJh. fJ;ckjkB ;afjo dk T[j wjZb
d/y e/ nkfJnk jK fiE/ j[wk:z{ fojk ;h. T[d'I JhokB dh okiXkBh fJ;ckjkB ;h. gzi uko jiako
T[;d/ fjzd[;skBh s/ y[ok;kBh F[Gfuzse ;a/o;akj dh w"s fgS'I T[; e'b nke/ fco fjzd[;skB s/
jwbk eoB bJh efjD bZr/. j[wk:z{ J/Bk vfonk j'fJnk ;h fe fJXo wz{j eoBk w[Bk;p BjhI
;wMdk ;h. seoko fgS'I c?;bk j'fJnk fe jkfcia dk dhtkB fbnkT[ s/ ckb eZY'. ckb eZYDk
T[t/I j? fit/I n;hI nkyd/ jK wjkoki ftu'I j[ewBkwk bT[. ckb fBefbnk - s/o/ f;o T[go j[wk
dk ;kfJnk j?. fiXo ikJ/Irk, ;bkwK j'DrhnK. j[wk T[j ebfgs gzSh j? fi; pko/ fejk ikdk
j? fe fi; d/ f;o T[go T[;dk goSktK g? ikJ/, T[; f;o T[go ski fNedk j?. j[wk:z{, d[pkok
jwbk eoB bJh fsnko j' frnk s/ fjzd[;skB cfsj eo fbnk. jkfcaia d/ eEB ftu J/Bh
skes j?.
rb'p dh wkbeD wbek fteN'ohnk nkgD/ f;ojkD/ tkb/ gk;/ T[[uh EK T[go jkfcaia dk
dhtkB oydh j[zdh ;h. id'I edh e'Jh d/; ;zeN ftu fxo iKdk, tvh w[;aeb fd;dh, T[d'I T[j
jkfcaia d/ dhtkB ftu'I j[ewBkwk fbnk eodh ;h. jkfcaia dk pzd j? - w/ok fJe p[iafdb
ftfdnkoEh jo tes vo Bkb ezpdk ofjzdk. jo/e oks T[; dh fJT[I phsdh fit/I go/sK B/
118
Mzfpnk j't/. w?I ofjw ehsk, nkgDh sbtko ftu'I fJe fBek N'Nk eZN e/ T[; bJh uke{ pDk
fdsk. gsk bZr? nZi eZbQ x[g jB/ohnK oksK ftu T[j i[nkB w[;hpsK bZGD ns/ w[ekpbk eoB
bJh jB/ohnK oksK ftu fJXo T[Xo x[zwd?. dhtkB-fJ-jkfcaia sbtko j?. jo/e Biaw uke{ j?.
T[;dk f;ano j?-
@@pZu/ tKr oZp s[jkvh r'd ftu y/vD dk fJS[e j?.
go c/o ;koh ekfJBks dh fiaw/tkoh s[jkBz{ ;zGkbDh gt/rh.
%%%
p"D/ pkd;akj wk;{w b'eK Bz{ izdfonK nzdo
pzd eoe/ id'I ;"I iKd/ jB
n;hI ceho ;koh ;koh oks
ukphnK tzvd/ fcod/ jK.
%%%
@@;[jDh ;akfJoh Bz{ ;bkw.
;kozrh gZN s/ fNek ns/ ;[oK S/V.
;z;ko, ;akfJo dh ;akozrh j?.
%%%
y[;ah pkd;akjK dk fbpk; j?.
fJj ;akjh t;so w?I jo o'ia gfjBdK.
go edh edkJhI nkgD/ fgnkfonK Bz{ d[y ftu d/ye/
iK gzSh d/ o'D dh nktkia ;[De/
w?I jZE ftu p[o;a cVdK
s/ nZy ftu jzM{ dh s;tho pDk fdzBk.
%%%
uzd s[jkBz{ fgnko eod?.
skjhUI sK d/ydk ofjzd? s[jkv/ w{zjK tZb jo tes.
id'I s[;hI nkgD/ j'mK ftu'I e'Jh o[ZyK bcia p'bd/ j'
sK uzd d't/I jZEK Bkb nkgDk wz{j Ye b?Id?.
nkT[Idh ehVh Bz{ d/ye/ fi; jkEh B/ o;sk SZv fdsk s/
gkf;UI dh bzx frnk T[; T[go oZp ofjwsK dh pko;a eodk j?.
%%%
@@s?Bz{ mzY bZrh
s/o/ ezpd/ g?oK T[go w?I nkgDh ezpbh oZyh.
s?Bz{ G[Zy bZrh, w?I ngD/ pkr ftu'I nkb{ g[ZN fbnkfJnk.
s?Bz{ E'V/ e[ ;[ydkJh bciK dh b'V gJh
w?I g{ok dhtkB fby wkfonk.
oks gJh, sz{ o'D bZrk fe fJeZb/ Bz{ vo brd?.
s/o/ jZE ftu oZ;k cVk e/ w?I fejk -
nkgD/ Bkb pzBQ b? w?Bz{.
jkfcaia fi; dk j' frnk, T[wo Go T[;/ dk j' frnk.
%%%
@@pkiko ftu'I bzxD t/b/
w?I ;fji/ ;fji/ s[fonk.
oZp d/ jZE T[gobh beho T[go
s/ia edwh uZbDk w?Bz{ r[;skyh bZrh.
%%%
@@s[jkv/ nfj;k; s[jkv/ fdbK ftu'I u'oh eoe/
w?I nkgD/ bciaK d/ fbpk; gfjBkT[Idk fojk.
fJ; p[ZY/ u'o T[go w[eZdwk Bk efoU fwjopkB'.
%%%
119
@@p?m' p; . nkokw eo'.
fpojk s'I tZvh ;ZN fejVh j? j'o< s[;h fJj ;ZN ykJh fcod/ j'.
iaywhnK Bz{ ykDk fdnKrk, gkDh fgbktKrk.
w/o/ Bow bcia s[jkvk nkokwdkfJe f;ojkDk pDBr/.
%%%
s[;hI w?Bz{ e[Zsk fejk sK eh j'fJnk <
fJ; e[Zs/ d/ y[oe j[zdh j? id'I
fJj nkgDh fgZm uzd Bkb x;oKdk j?.
%%%
@@s[;hI eh ;'funk, eh ehsk, gotkj Bk eo'.
id'I T[dk; j't' w/ok dhtkB y'jb b?Dk
feT[fe dhtkB y'bQ e/ fi; ndk Bkb s[;hI w[;ekT[Id/ j'
s[jkvh T[jh w[;ekB sK w?Bz{ uzrh brdh j?.
%%%
@@fJT[ j'fJn? ed/ ed/.
w/o/ f;o Bz{ nkgDk d;soykB ;wMe/
ozr ozr d/ gzSh nke/ p?m iKd/ jB
s/ ;aokp ghD brd/ jB, rhs rkT[D brd/ jB.
J/B/ NZbh j' iKd/ jB fe nkgD/ rhsK dhnK ekghnK
w/o/ fJod frod fybohnK gJhnK SZv e/
T[v iKd/ jB.
%%%
@@edh edkJhI w?I eftsk Bz{ nkydK,
j[D Bh. s?Bz{ fd;dk BhI w?I r[;bykB/ ftu jK<
go eftsk Nbdh BjhI.
w?I nkydK - ;{oi w[mh ftu BZg e/
j[D w?E'I gkDh dhnK pz{dK BjhI Bu'VhnK iKdhnK.
eftsk nkydh j? -
uzrk c/o ubh ikBhnK w?I.
w/ok n?bkB j? fe i/ ijkB B/
jkfcaia Bz{ ;akfJo Bk wzfBnK
Xosh s/ T[soKrh BjhI w?I fco.
%%%
@@F[o{ ftu gzShnK d/ yzG BjhI ;B j[zd/. j'fJnk fJj fe bZyK ;kb gfjbK oZp T[sfonk Xosh
T[go. J/Bh ;[jDh uhia d/yD bJh izrb d/ ikBto B/V/ B/V/ nk rJ/. oZp B/ rhs rkfJnk s/
n;wkB tZv T[v frnk. ;kfonK ftu BjhI, e[M ikBtoK ftu T[;Bz{ d/yD ns/ T[;dk rhs c/o
;[DB dh J/Bh gqpb sKx g?dk j'Jh fe E'V/ fdBK ftu ;oho nzdo'I yzG pkjo fBeb nkJ/.
jkfcia dh T[vkD dk okia th fJj' j?.
%%%
@@u'oK Bz{ tZvk jhok fwfbnk. jz;Dh d/ nzv/ s'I tZvk. J/Bk ehwsh fe jiako x'V/ yohd/ ikD,
ukj/ ;ahokia ftu d' jiako J/eV iawhB yohd b?D. y[;ah ftu pj[s dko{ ghsh. fJe d{i/ T[go
p/fJspkoh J/Bh fe jhok s'V e/ N[eV/ nkg' ftu tzv bJ/. e"vh ehws Bk ojh. id'I s[;hI oZp
dk fiaeo eod/ j' T[d'I ehwsh jhok N[ZNdk j?.
%%%
@@sz{ oZp j?I s?Bz{ gsk BjhI.
oZp Bz{ X{j e/ sz{ ehVh dh yZv ftu tkVdk j?I, fJj j'Dk BjhI.
%%%
fJe ykBkpd';a G[b/yk, ftukorh ftu fJXo T[Xo GNedk fcodk ;h.
oZp B/ fejk - j' ikj. G[b/yk ;Zu j' frnk.
120
%%%
@@oZp Bz{ fo;ats fet/I d/Dh j?, w/o/ s'I f;y'.
w/ohnK cfo;afsnK fijhnK X[Bk ;[D' s/ f;y'.
%%%
@@mzY Bkb ezpdk, G[Zyk, wK s'I ftSfVnk es{ok o'Idk ;h,
w?I jZE ftu u[fenk, xo b? nkfJnk.w?I fBZx/ d[ZX ftu ;aZeo x'b e/ T[; nr/
uZND tk;s/ T[Irbk_ ehshnK sK es{o/ Bz{ w/o/ fJe jZE ftu'I gzi wktK fdZ;hnK.
%%%
@@;aokp d/ rZv/ ftu'I ;akwh fJe p'sb fvZrh s/ N[ZN rJh. nB/e gszr/ s/ T[BQK d/ GkJh Gshi/
nkJ/ s/ ghD bZr/. d' fszB eDe d/ y/s ftu ik tV/ s/ pz;ohnK pDk fbnkJ/. d' fszB S'fbnK
d/ y/s'I vcbhnK s'V fbnkJ/, rkT[D bZr/, BZuD bZr/. J/B/ Bz{ uzd uVQ nkfJnk. fJe B/ g[ZfSnk
- fJj feE'I nkfJn?< fezBk fuo oj/rk< feE/ ikJ/rk c/o< s/b feE'I g[nkT[Id? fJj< fJj' fijh
petk;h pfj; fSVh fe w/bk T[iV frnk.
%%%
@@d{i/ Bkb'I s[;hI uzr/ j' fe wkV/
id'I fJj ;'uD brd/ j',
;aokp dk Gfonk ;[jDk g?wkBk
T[dhI fsVe iKd?.
%%%
@@whN dk e'Jh e'Jh ubke N[eVk ;zx'I j/mK T[soB s'I fJBekoh j'e/ dzdK j/m S[fgnk ofjzdk
j? d/o se. w/oh Biaw eJh eJh fdB s[jkv/ dzdK ftu c;h oj/rh. w/oh Biaw Bz{ S[j S[j
eJh eJh fdB s[jkvh ihG BZudh oj/rh.
@@ceho J/B/ fBwo, ykj;aK s'I J/B/ p/gqtkj feT[I j[zd/ B/< gsk BjhI ;h.
j[D gsk bZrk.
w;fid nzdo tVB s'I gfjbK i[shnK T[sko d/JhdhnK jB.
fi;w ns/ fi;w dhnK b'VK o{j dhnK i[ZshnK B/. oZp d/ xo nzdo ikDk j?
sK fJj i[ZshnK T[skoBhnK g?DrhnK.
%%%
@@i' i' s[;hI p'bd/ j', ;'Jh s[jkvk xo j[zdk j?.
u'Idh SZs j/m s[jkv/ fp;so/ s/ e"D ;'J/rk<
%%%
@@dfonk dh nktkia id'I ;w[zdo ftu v[Zph
dfonk oZp tKr rZfink s/ ;w[zdo tKr jZf;nk.
%%%
@@n;wkB jtk ftu bNfenk s?odk ;w[zdo j?. sko/ s?odhnK wZShnK jB. XoshnK t/b wZShnK
jB. edh w?I fe;/ wZSh dh fgZm s/, edh d{ih T[go M{N/ b?Idk ofjBk.
%%%
o{wh, ;kndh, fcod";h, nZsko nkfde caeho gVQd/ ikT[ sK nkyo ftu EekD j' iKdh j?. fJj
Gko/ jB, cb;c/ Bkb bZd/ j'J/. w/ok fdwkr J/Bk Gko u[ZeD s'I fJBekoh j' iKdk j? tXhe
tko. jkfcaia J/; soK dk BjhI. T[j fJe pZu/ tKr nke/ s[jkv/ Bkb y/vdk j?. Bk y[d Eedk
j? Bk s[jkBz{ EZeD fdzdk j?. p/nzs ;[jD/, tZv/ d/; ftu s[jkBz{ fJT[ fbiKdk j? fe gsk BjhI
brdk ;co ed'I F[o{ j'fJnk ;h ed'I w[Ze frnk.
;ji/ fij/ JhokBh gq'c?;o w?Bz{ nkydk j? - frDsh BjhI ehsh. frDsh eoBh th BjhI ukjhdh.
eh b'V. w/o/ wB ftu edh edh nkfJnk eod? fe d/yDk ukjhd? d[BhnK B/ ;G s'I tXhe e[okB
gfVQnk iK jkfcia dk dhtkB. JhokBh i[nkB i/ g"g fwT[iae dhnK e?;NK ekoK ftu ubkT[Id/ jB
sK T[BQK ftub/ rhs fco jkfcaia d/. jkfcaia Bz{ T[j FZeobp nkyd/ jB - fwm/ j'mK tkbk. w?I
fejk - fezBh fgnkoh iapkB j? s[jkvh cko;h, ybhb rzpoh ! ybhb p'fbnk - BjhI ih, s[;hI
121
fBwo j'D eoe/ nfijk nkyd/ j'. s[jkvh gzikph iapkB fJ; s'I fes/ tXhe fwmh j?. ;kv/ e'b
sK ;aeobp j? e/tb, s[jkv/ e'b ;aeorzi (;Zaeo dk gjkV pkpk cohd) j?. c/o fet/I wzBhJ/ fe
fiBQK e'b fwZm/ gjkV j'D, T[BQK dh p'bh fwmh Bk j't/< s[;hI n?t/I dkd d/Jh iKd/ j' ;kBz{.
gq'c?;o nB;koh B/ T[;dk f;ano ;[DkfJnk L
@@s[jkvh w[jZps ftu w/oh y'gVh cNh
fdwkr eD eD j' e/ n;wkB ftu fybfonk.
j[D edh N[ZNk skok Xosh tZb nkT[Idk d/y'
sK ;wM ikDk fe jkfcia ni/ s[jkBz{ G[bk Bh ;fenk.
fe jkfcaia s[jkBz{ fwbDk ukj[zd?.
nB;koh B/ fJj f;ano ;[Dk e/ fejk - ;koh d[BhnK ftu N[ZNk skok pd;arBh dh fB;akBh j?.
e/tb JhokB j? fiE/ pZu/, id'I okshI N[ZNk skok d/yd/ jB sK BZuD brd/ jB s/ nkyd/ jB -
y[;a nkwdhd jkfcaia, y[;a nkwdhd. fJNbh d/ xo xo ftu T[g/ok, JhokB d/ xo xo ftu
;akfJoh.
@@fwmh fwmh gqhs, fBek fBek jk;k,
eh j? fJj ;kv/ fdb ftubh jbub<
T[j' fJj ;akBdko nktkia !
;[Zsh gJh ;h Bk w/oh o{j, ikr gJh.
@@pj[s ;[jD/ fJeZb/ gzSh tKr BjhI,
w/o/ ft;akb wB dh gjkVh ftu'I,
fJj sK B}wK d/ M[zvK d/ M[zv T[v/ jB fJeZm/,
oZp d/ ;a;aeho/ j'J/ M[zv,
fJBQK d/ gzfinK Bkb NkjDhnK d/ N[ZND dh nktkia,
fco Xosh s/ j/m T[soB dh nktkia, n?B sK ;kc j?.
%%%
oZp dk whB{ w/o/ nZr/ feT[I fbnk Xfonk <
T[J/ G[Zy bZrh j? i' j? ;' nkT[D fdT[.
ngD/ xo d/ ftjV/ ftu T[;B/ ;o{ dk p{Nk bkfJnk. id'I jkfcaia dk nyhobk tes
nkT[D bZrk, T[d'I fJj ;o{ Go i[nkBh ftu bfjok fojk ;h. jkfcaia B/ t;hns ftu fbfynk -
w?Bz{ w/o/ ;o{ dh SK j/m dcB ehsk ikt/. T[;Bz{ ;o{ d/ Biadhe dcaBkfJnk frnk. ;fji/ ;fji/
;o{ dhnK iVK B/ T[;dhnK jZvhnK Bz{ nkgDh iZch ftu b? fbnk, fit/I nkgDhnK pkjtK ;o{
d[nkb/ ne;o T[j tb b?Idk ;h.
wepok pDkfJnk sK frnk go ;wK gke/ T[j eD eD j' j' fybodk frnk. ntsko
fwjo pkpk T[;dk Gkosh w[ohd jkfcaia d/ wepo/ dh fiankos eoB frnk. T[;Bz{ T[dk;h j'Jh.
fizB/ g?;/ T[j b? e/ frnk, ;ko/ d/ nkfJnk s/ fejk - w/o/ e'b g?f;nK dh xkN BjhI. s[jkv/
e'b j[Bo dk yiakBk j?. j[Bo s[jkvk, g?;/ w/o/. fjzd[;skB nk e/ T[j j'o g?;/ G/idk fojk.
T[; d/ T[dZw Bkb ;ahokia ftu 1925 d/ ;kb d[pkok ;akBdko wepok fsnko j'fJnk. gfjb/
wepo/ Bz{ Ykfjnk BjhI frnk, T[;Bz{ T[t/I pDk fdZsk fit/I BtK Be'o gfjbh tko pfDnk ;h.
w?Bz{ dZf;nk frnk fe T[;dhnK gzi jiako Biawk ;B, j[D gzi ;" ofj rJhnK jB.
pkehnK Bz{ w"bthnK ns/ je{wsK B/ B;aN eotk fdZsk. w?I ;'funk fJj nfseEBh j' ;edh j?
feT[Ife nkdwh Bz{ fwZE pDk d/D ftu i'o eh brDk j'fJnk< go w?Bz{ fJe EK s'I fJj ;p{s
fwb frnk fe T[;B/ nfijk eJh e[M fbfynk ;h i' fJsokia:'r bZrDk ;[Gkfte ;h. u'o
s[jkvhnK ;" uhiaK b? rJ/. ekB{zB fJj nkydk j? fe fi; gk;'I fJe uhia pokwd j' rJh, pkeh
BfVZBt/I th T[;/ e'b j'DrhnK. T[;dk f;ano ;[D' L
w/o/ bcia G[Zy/ ;{oi bJh y[oke jB.
Xosh d/ j'mK dh w[;ekB s'I gsk Bh brdk
fe oks fJj w/o/ Bkb ;[Zsh ;h<
122
:kBh fe e[ZN ykD dk ;wkB T[;B/ fsnko ehsk j'fJnk ;h. T[j oZp d/ Bkw th woiah d/ oZy
b?Idk. fijVk Bkw es{o/ dk s/ pb{zrV/ dk, T[;/ Bkw Bkb wkbk c/oB bZr iKdk. g[ZSD s/ jZ;
g?Idk, nkydk - e[ZfsnK fpZfbnK Bz{ s[jkvh p'bh ;wM ftu Bh nkT[Idh, go id'I nkgK Bkw b?Ie/
tki wkod/ nK sK GZi/ nkT[Id/ B/. J/; eoe/ w?I fJj Bkw oZy/ B/. Bkw fijVk woiah oZy bT[
nkgD/ pbz{rV/ dk, eh coe g?Id?< T[j T[;/ Bkw Bkb SkbK wkodk nkJ/rk.
fJe tko T[; B{z je{ws B/ ;ahokia ftu'I fBeb ikD dk j[ew eo fdZsk. ekbi ftu gVQkT[Idk
;h, B"eoh s'I itkp fwb frnk jkbKfe ekbi T[; d/ d';s dk ;h. T[; dk c?;bk ;h fe i/
;ahokia BjhI ofjD fdzd/ sK c/o fjzd[;skB ubk iktKrk. T[j fjzd[;skB tb s[o fgnk go T[;B{z
wBk e/ tkg; fbnKdk frnk.
fit/I ;kvh b'eXkok ftu uzd ue'o dh gqhseEk j? T[t/I JhokB ftZu p[bp[b Bkb r[bkp dk
fJ;ae j?. jkfcaia dh o[pkJh j? - p[bp[b B/ r[bkp Bz{ fejk - wkD Bk eo. jtk dk p[Zbk
nkJ/rk, sz{ gzyVh gzyVh j' e/ fvr/Irk. s/ok Bkw fB;akB BjhI oj/rk. wkD Bk eo. r[bkp B/
fejk - w?I sK s/oh fe;/ rZb dk th p[ok BjhI wBkT[Idk. j[D i' sz{ rZb ehsh, T[j sK nBzs
;Zu j?. c/o th w?I s?Bz{ fJj dZ;Dk j? fe fi;Bz{ fgnko eod/ j'JhJ/ T[; Bkb fJj' fijhnK
rZbK BhI eohdhnK.
JhokBhnK dk ft;atk; j? fe gsMV ftu p[bp[bK ;[ZehnK NkjDhnK s/ p?m e/ fijV/ rhs
rkT[IdhnK jB, T[j don;b T[BQK dhnK nodk;K jB. fJj nodk;K ;[De/ oZp gZs/ c[Zb s/ cb
G/idk j?. tkfo;a ;akj B/ th fbfynk j? - ;/tD p[bp[bK p{fNnK ;[fenK Bz{, c/o cb bZrD Bkb
vkb d/ Bh. tko/;akj i' rJ/ ;' BjhI w[Vd/ b'eh n;K EhI nktDk Gkbd/I Bh. e'fJbK p;zs ftu
n"IdhnK jB. jkfcaia dh o[pkJh ftu p[bp[b s/ e'fJb ftu pfj; fSVh fe pkr dh wkbeD
d'tK ftu'I e"D j?. e'fJb nkgDk jZe d;dh ;h, p[bp[b nkgDk. fi; o[Zy T[go p?mhnK uouk
eo ojhnK ;B, p'fbnk - e[VhU o"bk fe; rZb dk< p;zs ftu sK ;ko/ nk iKd/ B/. E'V/ fdBK
se gsMV nkT[Dh j?. gsk bZr ikJ/rk fe wkbe e"D j?.
123
w"bkBk o{wh
Fw; spo/}, o{wh ns/ jkfc} Fhok}Ih, fJj ;ko/ FkfJo d[BhnK B{z JhokB tb'A fdsh ;[rks jB.
nZm ;" ;kb gfjb'A j'fJnk o{wh g[okDk brdk jh BjhA. fJj mhe j? fe fJBQK FkfJoK d/
fynkbK dhnK pzdFK dk nkBzd i' cko;h ftu fbnk ik ;edk j? T[j soiw/ okjhA jk;b BjhA
j[zdk, go fJ; s'A fJbktk j'o e'Jh ukok BjhA feT[Afe gzikp d/ ni'e/ j[ewokBk B/ T[od{ cko;h
dh ftfdnk dk ;e{bK ftu'A fJe' ;oe[bo Bkb ;ckfJnk eo fdZsk ;h. fJjBK }pkBk dh gVQkJh
pzd eo d/D dk id'A ;oe[bo ikoh j'fJnk sK fe;/ gkf;U fJ;dk fto'X BjhA j'fJnk ;h. o{wh
dk fFno j?L
j' ikJ/ e'Jh d{o
nkgDhnK iVQK s'A,
sK nktk} i/ dJ/rk
dJ/rk nkgDhnK iVQK B{z,
nktk} dh r{zi tkg; nkJ/rh
sK nkJ/rh nkgDhnK iVQK tb'A jh.
o{wh dk iBw 30 ;szpo 1207 JhH B{z pby Bro ncrkfB;skB ftu j'fJnk. fgsk dk Bkw
pjkT[dhB ;h s/ wK w'fws yks{B. fgsk ih gfjb/ ybhc/ np{peo d/ ]kBdkB ftZu'A s/ wK u"E/
ybhc/ j}os nbh d/ ykBdkB ftZu'A ;h. fJj ykBdkB fJ;bkwh gozgok ftu Fo'wDh jB. fiZE/
fiZE/ th fJj gfotko frnk ;BwkfBs j'fJnk. pjkT[dhB tZvk ftdtkB ;h go ;kdrh-g{oB
ihtB pshs eodk. T[;B{z ;[bskfB-T[b/wk (ftdtkBk dk pkdFkj) dk fyskp fwfbnk. ;t/o s'A
d[gfjo sZe puB fpbk; ;[DB tk;s/ jo fJe B{z nkT[D dk nfXeko ;h, go pkd d[gfjo fJZe
gfjo dk ;wK T[j e/tb ftdtkBk dh nrtkJh tk;s/ okytK oyd/.
pby ;afjo o{wh d/ iBw s'I gfjbK gzi ;dhnK sZe fJ;bkfwe ftfdnk dk gqf;ZX e/Ido fojk
;h. prdkd s'I pkd pby dk jh Bkw ;h. T[;dk g{ok Bkw ;h ibkb[ZdhB w[jzwd fpB j[;?B
nb pbyh. fpB wkfJB/ g[Zso, ;' j[;?B nb pbyh pjkT[dhB dk g[Zso ibkb[ZdhB w[jzwd. o{wh
;Zs ;kb dk ;h fe gfotko nBks'bhnk ftu ubk frnk. ni'e/ s[oeh dk Bkw T[d'I nBks'bhnk
;h. fJskbthnK B/ fiBQK d/;K T[s/ oki nfXeko iwkfJnk j'fJnk ;h T[BQK dh goik Bz{ o'wB iK
o'wh efjzd/ ;B. s[oeh d/ b'e th o'wh iK o{wh j'J/. ;' fJ; dot/; dk fijVk Bkw ;G s'I
tXhe gqubs s/ gqf;ZX j'fJnk T[j w"bkBk o{wh j?. w"bkBk wkfJB/ tv/ok. Gkos ns/ gkfe;skB
ftu T[j w"bkBk o{wh j?, ncrkfB;skB ftu T[; Bz{ w"bkBk ibkb[ZdhB pbyh nkyd/ jB, s[oeh
ftu w/tbkBk o{w ns/ JhokB ftu w"bth o{w efjzd/ jB. gZSw ftu T[j e/tb o{wh j?.
;B 1213 JhH B{z fJe fdB y[ok;kB d/ pkdFkj B/ pjkT[dhB dh i;-ehosh ;[Dh sK gqtuB
;[DB tk;s/ g[Zi/. T[ZE/ gqtuB ;[DB tk;s/ nkJ/ b'eK dk J/Bk tZvk fJZem d/y e/ j?okB j' rJ/
s/ ;[Gkte w{j'A fBefbnk- y[dk, J/Bh ]bes ! pkdFkj dk ftdtkB nfjbeko i' T[; tes Bkb
;h s/ pjkT[dhB Bkb Jhoyk eodk ;h, T[;B/ s[ozs nkgDk sho ubkfJnk, pzdk goto, i/ s[os
c[os fJ;dk fJbki Bk ehsk sK fJj Fy; s[jkvh je{ws tk;s/ ysok pD ;edk j?.”
;bkjekoK dh ;bkj b?D T[gozs pkdFkj B/ nkgD/ jfEnkoxo, y}kB/ ns/ feb/ dhnK ukphnK
fJe ]s ;w/s pjkT[dhB e'b G/i fdZshnK. ]s ftu fbfynk ;h, j}{o, ;kvh goik d/ fdbK
T[go s[;hA je{ws ekfJw eo bJh j?. ;kv/ e'b sK fJj gzi uko ukphnK puhnK ofj rJhnK
jB e/tb, fJj th n;hA eh eoBhnK jB< s[;h ;zGkb'.”
pjkT[dhB d/ ;po ns/ F[eo T[go fJ; ]s ns/ ukphnK dk e'Jh n;o Bk j'fJnk. ukphnK
w'VfdnK fJj ]s fbfynk, “;G s'A gfjbK pkdFkj ;bkws w/ok ;bkw ep{b eo'. d[BhnKdkoh s'A
w[es w?A y[dk dk pzdk jK. FkB'-F"es, jfEnko, ]}IkB/ s/ feb/ w/o/ bJh p/wkfJB/ jB. i[w/ dh
Bwk} gVQB s'A pknd w?A nkgdk w[be fsnkr fdnKrk sK fe s[jkB{z e'Jh rbscfjwh Bk j't/ s/
w/o/ pkd s[;h p/fceo j'e/ je{ws eod/ oj'.”
ezB' ezB fJj ypo xo xo g[Zi rJh sK pby ftu pkdFkj d/ fybkc prkts d/ jkbks g?dk
j' rJ/. J/Bh ncokscoh F[o{ j'Jh fe pkdFkj B{z wip{oB pjkT[dhB s'A wk\h wzrDh gJh s/
Bkb/ no} ehsh fe pby ftZu'A Bk ikU. pjkT[dhB FKs oj/. b'eK B/ ;wfMnk fe ceho B/
124
pkdFkj B{z wkc eo fdZsk j?, ;' fNe fNek j' frnk. FBhuotko dh oks fpBk fe;/ B{z dZf;nK
gfotko ;w/s T[j ub gJ/, feXo< fJ;dk T[BQK B{z y[d gsk BjhA ;h. e/tb J/Bk c?;bk ;h fe
pby d/ oki ftu Bjh ofjDk. fJ; gfotko d/ ub/ ikD s'A e[M ;wK pkd uzr/} ]kB B/ pby
s/ jwbk eo fdsk s/ e/tb pby BjhA, y[ok;kB th spkj eo fdsk. wzr'b c"iK dh eo{osk s'A
;zz;ko Gbh gqeko ikD{ j?.
gzdoK ;kb o{wh dk gfotko NZgohtk;K tKr d/;K d/;KsoK ftu xz[wdk fcodk fojk, ;kb 1228
ftu T[j s[oeh dh okiXkBh e'BhnK g[Zi/. s[oeh d/ ;[bskB nbkT[dhB e?ekpkd B/ T[BQK gk;
p/Bsh ehsh fe okiXkBh ftu tZ;' s/ wdo;kfJ y[dktzdrko ;Ekgs eo'.
fgsk B{z nfj;k; ;h fe T[;dk g[Zso fwjBsh j?, S/sh rZb ;wM iKdk j? s/ :kddkPs tXhnk j?,
go e'Jh ]k; r?ph r[D th j?, fJ;dk gsk Bjh ;h. JhokB ftu'A dh bzx oj/ ;B sK c?;bk
j'fJnk cohd[ZdhB nZsko d/ dhdko eoe/ iktKr/. fJj tv/ woksp/ tkbk ceho ;h s/ pj[s tZvk
FkfJo. T[;dh feskp gzShnK dh wifb; (ekBcoz; nkc d pov}) ftFt d/ FkjekoK ftu'A fJe
j?, fi; pko/ edh fco fbyKrk.
fgsk g[Zso, nZsko B{z fwbD nk oj/ ;B sK fgsk nZr/ nZr/ uZb fojk ;h, g[Zso o{wh fgS/ fgS/.
nZsko d/ fJod-frod T[BQK d/ w[ohd p?m/ ;B. nZsko dh fBrkj nkgD/ tb nkTAd/ fgT[ g[Zso
s/ gJh sK w[ohdK B{z fejk - nj[ d/y' uwseko, dfonk d/ fgS/ fgS/ ;w[zdo s[fonk nk fojk
j?, e[dos dk efoFwk d/y'.
nZsko B/ d'tK dk Gog{o ;[nkrs ehsk. n;h;K fdzfdnK pkbe o{wh B{z nkgDh feskp
n;okoBkwk’ fdZsh. fJ; w[bkeks dk o{wh dh fizdrh T[go T[j n;o fgnk fe ;dk bJh fEo
j' frnk. o{wh dh FkfJoh T[go n;okoBkwk dk gqGkt ;kc fd;dk j?. d{ik gqGkt T[;B/ jehw
;BkJh dk ep{fbnk. nkgDh w;Bth ftu o{wh d'jK d/ jtkb/ d/ e/ T[BQK dhnK N{eK tosdk j?
s/ T[BQK pko/ fbydk j? -
nZsko o{j p{d' ;BkJh d' uFw/ T{.
wk n} gJ/ ;BkJh U nZsko nkwd/w.
(nZsko o{j j?, ;BkJh T[; dhnK d' nZyK jB,
fJ; s'A pkd i' pkeh pudk j?, T[j ;wM bt' w? jK.)
o{wh B/ ;zrhs ftfdnk jk;b ehsh. fijV/ d' ;k}K ftu T[;B/ fBgz[Bsk jk;b ehsh T[j ;B
pz;oh ns/ opkp. fJBQK dk tkdB th eod/ s/ wkfjoK gk;'A ;[Dd/ th ofjzd/. fejk eod/, fijV/
fJj ;wMd/ jB fe pz;oh ftu'A jtk pkjo fBebdh ;zrhs T[gikT[Adh j?, nBikD jB. fJ;
ftu'A o{j dh bkN fBebdh j? sK ;[o pDdk j?. pz;oh ftu'A i/ nZr BjhA fBebdh fco T[j
pz;oh BjhA, fi; uh} ftu nZr BjhA j[zdh T[j fiT[Adh BjhA j[zdh. fJ; ok} B{z T[jh ;wM/rk
fijVk d/yD B{z j'F ftu br/ go p/j'F j'J/.
29 nes{po 1244 d/ fdB n;kXkoB xNBk xNh. T[; fdB d[BhnK d/ pj[s tv/ dot/; FZw;
spo/} B/ e'BhnK ftu edw oZfynk. g{ok Bkw ;h - FZw;[ZdhB w[jzwd fJpB/ nbh fJpB wfbe
dkd spo/}h. fJ; d/ nkT[D Bkb Ffjo ftu jbub F[o{ j' rJh.
;aZw; spo/ia dh o{wh Bkb w[bkeks dhnK nB/e o"ue ;kyhnK jB. ;kohnK ;kyhnK dk noE
fJe' fBebdk j? fe fJBQK d' dfonktK dh j'Dh fJj' ;h fe fJe d{i/ Bz{ fwbe/ ;zg{oB j'D.
fejk iKdk j? fe nkiaopkJhikB d/ ;afjo spo/ia ftu ;aZw; Bz{ T[;d/ w[o;ad ewkb[ZdhB i[B?dh B/
fJj efje/ G/fink - e{BhnK ikU. fJe fdb ifbnk ceho j? T[E/. T[; Bz{ fwb'. d{ih ;kyh
fJj j? fe spo/ia B/ oZp nr/ nodk; ehsh - fgsk, fe;/ nfij/ ;ay; Bz{ fwbk fijVk w/oh
skp MZb ;e/. nktkia nkJh - o{w d/ ;afjo e'BhnK ikj. wBg;zd pzdk fwb/rk. fJj ;kyhnK
fJ; rZb tZb fJ;ako/ jB fe feskph frnkB s'I gko fBeb e/ o{jkBh ;z;ko gqkgs j[zdk j?.
spo/}, o{wh dh dorkj s/ g[Zik. id'I w[bkeks j'Jh, o{wh ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ gVQk oj/ ;B. o{wh
d/ ;kjwD/ feskpK gJhnK ;B s/ B/V/ gkDh dk u[pZuk ;h. spo/} B/ g[ZfSnk- fJj feskpK fe;
uh} pkps jB< o{wh B/ fejk - fJ;w[bebkw, go s?A eh b?D? fJ; rZb s'A< FZw; B/ feskpK
u[ZehnK s/ u[pZu/ ftu ;[ZN fdZshnK. eq'XtkB j'e/ o{wh B/ g[fSnk - fJj eh ehsk < ;aZw; B/
125
fejk - fJj j? T[j, i' sz{ BjhI ikDdk. feskpK ;[ZehnK eZY bJhnK.;[ZehnK feskpK d/ye/ o{wh
B/ g[fSnk - fJj fet/I j'fJnk < ;aZw; B/ fejk - sz{ BjhI ikDdk. fJj' e[M dZ;D nkfJnk
jK.J/Bh ibdh fceowzd Bjh j'Jhdk. fJ; xNBk ;w/A o{wh B/ spo/} B{z nkgDk w[oFd wzfBnk.
fJj ;kyh e/tb fJ; rZb dk ;ze/s j? fe o{wh B/ spo/} dh skes B{z ;theko eo fbnk. fJ;
w[bkeks tes spo/ia dh T[wo ;Zm ;kb ;h, o{wh ;?Ish ;kb dk ;h. cko;h irs T[;Bz{ ;aZw;
spo/ia eoe/ ikDdk j?. spo/iah JhokB dk ;afjo j?.. gZSw d/ b/yeK B/ nfrnkBsk ekoB
T[;Bz{ nBgVQ ceho fbfynk. T[; dh fJ;bkwh ftfdnk, noph cko;h dh ;akfJoh Bkb tkechns
ns/ T[uhnK o{jkBh wziabk dzr eoB tkbhnK ;B. T[;d/ ;wekbhnK B/ fwjBs Bkb ;aZw; d/
;ztkd feskp fsnko ehsh. fJ; feskp dh fsnkoh ftu o{wh dk p/Nk ;[bskB tbd th ;akwb
j?.
o{wh ns/ spo/} jo ;w/A fJe d{i/ d/ nzr ;zr ofjzd/ j'J/ Xow d/ ojZ;K pkps rZbK eod/
ofjzd/. o{wh Bk b'eK B{z fwbd/ Bk w[ohdK B{z, fJ; rZb dk fJsok} j'Dk ;[Gkte jh ;h. w[ohdK
B/ jkbks j"bh j"bh fJ; jZd sZe spo/} d/ fto[ZX eo fds/ fe 20 cotoh 1246 B{z T[j fJE'A
ubk frnk. o{wh fJe dw T[dk;h d/ nkbw ftu T[so frnk. T[; B/ T[BQK b'eK Bkb th rZb
eoBh pzd eo fdZsh fiBQK dk e'Jh e;{o BjhA ;h. eJh wjhfBnK pkd dfwFe (;hohnk) s'A
fbfynk spo/} dk ys nkfJnk sK o{wh fyV frnk. fJ; fJe ys d/ itkp ftu fszB fuZmhnK
fbyhnK.
FkfrodK B{z nfj;k; j' frnk fe spo/} BjhA sK o{wh tk;s/ j'o e'Jh th BjhA. T[j fe;/ Bkb
rZb BjhA eod/ ;B, pzdrh ftu bhB ofjzd/. e[M w[ohd ;hohnk rJ/, o{wh dh jkbs pkps
dZf;nk s/ spo/} B{z tkg; wBk e/ b? nkJ/. o{wh e'b nk e/ T[;B/ wekbks (b/y ;zrqfj) feskp
fbyh. fJ; feskp ftu T[;B/ fbfynk j?, “w"bkBk o{w e'b w?A nk sK frnk go fJ; Fos Bkb
fe w?A T[;dk T[;skd BjhA jK. y[dk B/ j[D sZe d[BhnK ftu nfijk nkdwh g?dk BjhA ehsk i'
w"bkBk dk T[;skd nytkJ/. w/ok ;[Gkn j? fe w?A fe;/ dk Fkfrod BjhA pD ;edk. j[D w?A
w"bkBk dk d';s j' e/ nkfJnk jK s/ uzrh soQk ikDdk jK fe w"bkBk y[dk dk d';s j?, w/ok
BjhA.”
w"bkBk o{w B/ fJ; ;w/A r}bK ns/ o[pkJhnK dk dhtkB ofunk fi;dk Bkw oZfynk- dhtkfB
FZw; spo/}. fJj fJe gqeko nkgD/ fwZso B{z ;wogD ;h. ihtB d/ nkyoh 12 ;kb T[;B/
w;Bth fbyD ftu bkJ/. fJj rqzE 6 fibdK ftu j? s/ 26,800 d'-gd/ Szd jB. fJj rqzE
T[;dk Fkjeko j?.d[BhnK dhnK ;G uzrhnK p'bhnK ftu fJ;dk nB[tkd j' u[Zek j?. nzro/}h
}pkB ftu T[j cko;h Bkb'A tXhe frDsh ftu gfVQnk frnk.
T[;dh FkfJoh cBk’ ns/ pek’ d' wzfibK d/ ftueko nkgDk fgV pzBQdh j?. cBk j? nkgD/ nkg
B{z ]sw eoBk, pek nZbkj ftu nG/d j'Dk j?. cBk gfjbh g"Vh j? ns/ pek nkyoh.T[; s'A
pkd j'J/ ;ko/ FkfJoK ns/ cehoK B/ T[;dh skes dk b'jk wzfBnk. g/F jB T[;dhnK B}wK
ftu'A e[M nB[tkfds fjZ;/ L
F/o
n;hA F/o jK ;G d/ ;G
gofdnK T[go bfjokT[Ad/ j'J/ F/o
tX oj/ B/ i' nZr/
jtk d/ }'o Bkb.
fJj sK fd;dk j?
fe tX oj/ jK nZr/
go jtk j?, i' fd;dh BjhA.
***
n;b dh sbkF
feE/ fwb/rk s?B{z
126
pk| fJ; soQK dk
fJe r[bkp d/ pdb/
fiE/ fwb ikD j}ko prhu/ r[bkpK d/.
feZE/ fwbDr/ s?B{z
n;wkB sZe wfjed/ izrb
f;oc fJe phi pdb/<
feE/ fwbDrhnK poesK GohnK jtktK
s/o/ fJe fwZm/ ;kj pdb/,
fJj BdhnK dk gkDh
fvZfrnk i' ;w[zdo ftu nkyo
s{z ;'u sK ;jh, fJj frnk ;h feE'A,
tkg; nkfJnk j? feT[A<
s{z ;w[zdo j?A wkfJfBnK dk
s/o/ e'b j? T[j feskp
fi; ftu B/ ijkB d/ jo b\} d/ wkfJB/
ns/ wkfJfBnK d/ nZr'A j'o wkfJB/.
ykw'F
w{zj Bk y'bQ nkgDk pko pko
f;Zgh tKr ofj g{oB ykw'F.
fJj ;wM fe }pkB s/oh
d[FwD j? s/oh o{j dh.
***
fJj ;wM e/ fe fJ; ftu e[M BjhA
fe;/ t;s{ B{z B}ozdk} Bk eo.
fe fJ; ftu T[j swkw r[zikfJFK w"i{d
fiBQK dh j? b'V s/o/ j[Bo B{z.
***
cBkj j'e/ w?A }whB ftu fwfbnk
sK xkj pD e/ T[Zfrnk.
d{o d{o sZe c?fbnk,
uoKdK ftu'A xkj w[Zfenk
sK w?A ikBto pD e/ yb'fJnk.
ikBto dh yZb ftu'A wo e/
w?A tkg; nkfJnk fJB;kB pDe/.
dZ;' dZ;' w?B{z fe; w"s ekoB
w/o/ ftu feE/ feE/ ewh nkJh<
j[D id fe wfonk w?A ps"o fJB;kB
sK gqkgs j'Dr/ yzG,
T[vKrk n;wkB ftu
127
cfoFfsnK d/ ;zr ;kE.
:kd oZy, jo F? ysw j'J/rh
fJe T[;dh ;{os B{z SZve/.
w?A pDKrk fjZ;k T[; ijkB dk
fi;dhnK jZdK gko jB
s/o/ ;ko/ nzdkf}nK dhnK jZdK s'A.
***
ekbh y"cBke oks
fBZek i[r~ fNwfNwkT[Adk fBefbnk.
d/yfdnK oks B/ bbekok wkfonk-
-e"D w/o/ fybk\ ;kiF ou foj?<
fBZek i[r~ vo e/ gZs/ T[jb/ b[e frnk.
d/o sZe ;kj o'eh p?mk fojk,
vofdnK T[;B/ mzYk jT[ek fbnk
sK g{op ftu'A ;{oi T[frnk.
Bk oks ojh, Bk oks d/ edwk d/ fBFkB.
o{wh T[go fbyhnK rJhnK feskpK dh xkN BjhI, T[;dh w;Bth d[BhnK dh brGr jo/e iapkB
ftu nB[tkd j'Jh j?. o{wh d/ j[Bo s'I J/;ahnk tkeca ;h go gZSw Bz{ T[;dk d/o pkd gsk
bZrk. o{wh dk nzdkia d/y' -
w?I Jh;kJhnK dh Xosh T[go eokZ; d/y/
w/ok wfjp{p eokZ; ftu BK bZGk
w?I wzdoK ftub/ p[Zs d/y/,
T[j fe;/ p[Zs ftu BjhI ;h.
w?I eknp/ frnk, w?Bz{ T[E/ th Bk fwfbnk,
w?I ngD/ fdb ftu Mks wkoh
fJj T[E/ fdZf;nk.
T[;dh Biaw tkg;h d/ p'b L
tkg; nkU fwso',
tkg; xoK tZb gos'I.
Bk;fse j' fe gko;h,
nrBh g{i j' fe gZEo g{i,
tkg; nkU.
;kvhnK ;{ch ykBrkjK ftu'I e'Jh fBok; BjhI w[fVnk,
i/ s[;hI fJE/ jiako tko nkJ/,
jiako tko tkndk eoe/ w[Zeo/,
sK eh< fcao nk ikU.
fJ; xo ftu ;tkb BjhI g[S/ iKd/,
fJ; xo d/ dotki/ pzd BjhI j[zd/.
fJe j'o EK s/ fbfynk - fjzd[;skBh ;[jD/ p'bK Bkb wfjp{p Bz{ fgnko eod/ jB. oZp d/ rhs
rkT[Id/ T[BQK d/ fujo/ fbFeD brd/ jB. w?Bz{ T[BQK dh pzdrh T[go ;aZe BjhI. w?I sK nkgD/
pko/ dZ;Dk j? fe ;[jD/ p'bK okjhI w?I oZp se BjhI g[Zfink. w?I ykw';a j' frnk sK T[j fwb
frnk. o{wh ngD/ wZs Bz{ @@fgnko dk o;sk## d;dk j?. fJj fJ;bkw s'I tZyok e'Jh fcoek
BjhI, o{wh dk ;ze/s j? fe w?I gZek w[;bwkB j' e/ fJ; o;s/ s/ s[o fojk jK sK s[;hI th ngD/
ngD/ Xow ftu ubd/ j'J/ wzib gqkgs eo ;ed/ j'. T[j nkydk j? - ;[or eh j? < eh g"Vh
bke/ n;wkB s/ uVQB dk Bkw ;[or j?< d';s' nkgD/ nkg Bz{ r[nk d/Dk, nkg/ Bz{ G[Zb ikD dk
Bkw ;[or j? s/ fJj fJE/ jh j? fes/ j'o BjhI.
128
:{BkBh fw;soh o{wh d/ xo dh fuDkJh eo fojk ;h. fJe wiad{o B/ fw;soh Bz{ fejk - sz{
;G s'I tXhnk Xow, fJ;bkw feT[I BjhI XkoB eodk< fw;soh B/ fejk - gzikj ;kbK s'I w?I
Jh;kJh jK s/ w?Bz{ :Z;{ fgnkok brdk j? fJ; eoe/ fJ;bkw pkps edh ;'funk BjhI. w[jzwd Bz{
fgnko ehsk iK :Z;{ Bz{, fJ; ftu eh coe < o{wh B/ fw;soh Bz{ ;akpk;a fdsh, fejk- fgnko dk
Bkw Xow j?..
fJe oks o{wh ngD/ d[nkb/ p?mh ;zrs ftu gqtuB eo fojk ;h sK fJe gk;/ ;a'o ;aokpk
T[fmnk. o{wh nk;D s'I T[Zm e/ T[E/ ubk frnk, d/fynk fszB uko iD/ fJe pzd/ Bz{ e[ZN oj/
;B. o{wh B/ g[ZfSnk - eh rZb j'Jh i[nkB'< T[BQK dZf;nk - ih fJj Jh;kJh j? s/ fJ;B/ ;aokp
gh oZyh j?. o{wh B/ g[ZfSnk - fJ; B/ fe;/ Bz{ rkb fdsh ;h < T[so fwfbnk - BjhI ih. fco
g[ZfSnk - fe;/ Bz{ e{jDh iK bZs wkoh ;h < T[so fdZsk - BjhI. fco fet/I ikfDnk fe fJj
;aokph j?< fJe B/ dZf;nk - ih p/;ae u[gukg p?mk s[jkv/ gqtuB ;[D fojk ;h go ;kBz{ w[;ae
nk rJh fe fJ;B/ ;aokp gh oZyh j?. o{wh B/ fejk - fJ; Bz{ ghD s'I pkd th BjhI uVQh, s[jkBz{
;z[xD ;ko uVQ rJh. fJj ykw';a p?mk oZp dh rZb ;[D fojk ;h s/ s[jkBz{ J/Bk B;ak ufVnk fe
bZsK w[ZehnK ubkT[D bZr gJ/. u[g eoe/ p?m'.
e'BhnK ftu ;zs n?Ichb'ehn; froik j? fiE/ gb?N' Bz{ dcaB ehsk frnk ;h. o{wh B/ e[M fdB
fJeKstk;h j'e/ pzdrh eoBh j[zdh sK T[j fJ;/ uou ftu nkfJnk eodk ;h. :j{dh ns/
Jh;kJh T[;Bz{ J/Bk gq/w eod/ ;B fe jiakoK dh frDsh ftu T[;d/ iBkia/ ftu ;akwb j'J/.
ehBhnk d/ w[;bwkB jkew dh p/rw Jh;kJh n"os ;h i' o{wh dh w[ohd ;h, T[;Bz{ ikoihnB
b/vh efjzd/ ;B, T[j w[;bwkBk ns/ Jh;kJhnK d'tK ftu pokpo ;fsekoh iKdh ;h. fi;
fJwkos;kai B/ fwjBs eoe/ o{wh d/ wepo/ T[go jok r[zpd T[;kfonk, wjkokDh B/ T[;Bz{ g[ZfSnk
- s[jkBz{ T[; ftu fejVh eokwks fd;h fi; ekoB T[;d/ w[ohd j' rJ/< fJwkos;aki B/ fejk -
Jh;kJh :Z;{ Bz{ fgnko eod/ jB wbek, :j{dh w{;k Bz{ s/ w[;bwkB w[jzwd Bz{. d[BhnK d/ ;G
XowK d/ b'e, eh oki/ eh oze, fi;Bz{ ;ko/ fgnko eod/ j'D T[;dk Bkw w"bkBk o{w j?, fJj
eokwks BjhI < jo/e T[;Bz{ nkgDk w[o;ad eoe/ ikDdk j?, fgnkok nwhfo ekotK. i?ad dh ;kyh
ftu fejk j? - ;ko/ Xow fJe jB. fJe bZy ;kb ns/ fJe xVh ftu e'Jh coae BjhI j?.
ikDekoK Bz{ fJ;dk gsk j?.
p/;ae T[;d/ d' jiako s'I tXhe uT[gd/ iK o[pkJhnK gqkgs jB go w;Bth T[;dk ;akjeko j?.
w;Bth ftub/ e[okfBe jtkb/ ;kps eod/ jB fe e[okB T[;dh ;[os ns/ iapkB d'jK T[go
gqek;atkB ;h. EK EK jdh;K ftu'I T[dkjoDk fdzdk j?. T[j fJ;bkwh ;aok d/ jBkch ;e{b dk
gkpzd ;h. jBkcah ;e{b jiaos w[jzwd ;kfjp Bz{ nkdo;ae fJB;kB ikDfdnK, i' T[BQK B/ ehsk
ns/ eoB bJh fejk, T[;dk nB[nkJh j?. fJj ;[zBh fcoek j?.
gfjbk nfXnkge ceho fgsk jh ;h. fgsk dk fJe g[okDk ftfdnkoEh ;Z:d p[ojkBT[ZdhB
fsofwiah ;h. id'I T[;B/ ypo ;[Dh fe w/o/ w[o;ad 16 wkou 1230 Jh;th Bz{ e{u eo rJ/ jB
sK nBks'bhnk nk frnk s/ fJE/ o{wh dh ftfdnk nkgD/ fiaw/ b? bJh. fsofwiah B/ o{wh Bz{ B"I
;kb se gVQkfJnk. fJ;bkw dh j'o f;fynk gqkgs eoB bJh T[;Bz{ ;hohnk G/fink frnk.
fsofwiah ;{cah ceho ;h s/ eftsk gVQB dk ;a"ehB. fJ; dh ;zrs B/ o{wh Bz{ eftsk gVQB dh
brB bkJh. Jh;th 1240 ftu fsowiah dk d/jKs j'fJnk sK o{wh T[go ;zeN wJh ykw';ah SkJh
ojh. T[d'I sZe ;'r ftu v[pk fojk id'I sZe ;aw; spo/ia y[d uZb e/ T[; gk; nk frnk. j[D
se ftjkoe ftfdnk ;zg{oB j' u[eh ;h. o{jkBh d/;K dh :ksok spo/ia dh ;zrs B/ eotkJh.
;aZw; spo/ia Bz{ fwbD s'I gfjbK o{wh B/ Biaw BjhI fbyh ;h. spo/ia B/ T[;Bz{ g{oh soQK fjbk
fdZsk. T[; nzdo nfdq;aN ;z;ko B/ y"o{ wuk fdZsk. T[;d/ dhtkB ftZu gzi jiako eftsktK jB.
pj[s ;kohnK eftsktK ftu nkgDk Bkw fbyD dh EK T[j spo/ia fby fdzdk j?. G[b/y/ dh
r[zikfJ;a fJ; bJh BjhI ojh feT[Ife fJe sK T[;d/ ;wekbhnK B/ dhtkB ;zgkfds ehsk s/ d{i/
fJj ;jh j? fe ;aZw; spo/ia B/ edh e'Jh Biaw BjhI fbyh.
T[;d/ w[ohdK dh fJZSk ;h fe o{wh ftu ;akfJoh dk tZv nkekoh rqzE ouD dh ;wZoEk j'D
ekoB ;BkJh ns/ nZsko d/ rqzEK dh soia s/ ouBk ehsh ikt/. o{wh fJ; tk;s/ ;fjws j'
frnk sK w;Bth j'Id ftu nkJh. fJj feskp d[BhnK d/ ebkf;e ;kfjs dk tvw[Zbk fjZ;k j?.
T[;dhnK rZbK, T[gd/;a ns/ T[;d/ fby/ yas th ftfdnkoEhnK B/ fJeZm/ ehs/. fJzB/ fizw/tko
pzfdnK dh fwjBs ;dek nZi n;hI o{wh Bkb rZbK eo oj/ jK.
129
@@sho tKr f;ZXk j' ikj.
tb ftzr oj/ sK d{o sZe T[v BjhI ;e/Irk
wziab s/ g[Zi BjhI ;e/Irk.
@@fes/ fBeh w'Nh uzfrnkVh d/yhJ/ sK nZr/ tXD s'I o'eD bJh n;hI i[Zsh j/m BjhI w;b fdzd/ <
d'iay d/ GKpV oZp d/ edw j/m p[M iKd/ jB. s/o/ nzdobk rZ[;k, Bcaos s/ Jhoyk Boe dk
fBZek fijk fjZ;k jB. fjZ;/ ftu T[jh r[D j[zd/ jB fijV/ g{o/ ftu jB, pZ; wksok dk caoe
j[zdk j?. pzdrh eo/Irk sK s/o/ ;hB/ nzdobk Boe p[M ikJ/rk.
@@op B/ g?rzapo okjhI c[owkfJnk ;h - s/o/ nzdo B/eh j'Jh sK s/oh T[whd s'I tv/ok fJBkw
fwb/rk s?Bz{. B/eh eoB bJh xkNk ykDk gt/ sK fMiehI BKj. :ehB oZy, fizBk e[ sz{ xkNk
ykXk, T[; s'I jiako r[Dk tXhe cb fwb/rk B/eh dk.
@@ekcao :[ZX ftu jko rJ/ sK T[jBK Bz{ ;zrbK ftu pzBQ e/ fbnKdk frnk. pzdhnK ftu g?rzapo
dk ukuk nZpk; th ;h. fJBQK pzB/Q j'J/ e?dhnK Bz{ d/ye/ g?rzapo jZ; gJ/. nZpk; B/ g[fSnk -
;kBz{ dZf;nk frnk ;h fe nZbkj d/ g?rzpo ftu r?aph r[D j[zd/ jB. s?Bz{ j;fdnK d/ye/ fJj
Bshik fBefbnk fe iaywh s/ pzdh b'eK T[go so; eoB dh EK fijVk pzdk jZ;dk j? T[j
g?rzpo fet/I j'fJnk s/ T[j ;kv/ s'I tZyok fet/I j'fJnk < g?rzpo B/ c[owkfJnk - s[;K rbs
;wfMnk. s[jkvhnK sebhcK d/ye/ w?I y[;a BjhI j'fJnk. jk;k w?Bz{ fJ; rZb s/ nkfJnk fe fJj
ikjb p[Zs g{i BoeK dh nZr ftu ;kV/ ikD/ ;B. w?I fJBQK Bz{ ipoB Boe tb ikD' o'e e/
pfj;as tZb fbik fojk jK s/ nfijk w?Bz{ ipod;sh eoBk g? fojk j?. fijV/ fJe nZbkj T[s/
JhwkB fbnkT[Dr/ T[j w/o/ d';s j'Dr/ s/ w?I T[BQK Bz{ fojk eoKrk. fJe s[;hI j' fe rZb
;wMD s'I fJBekoh j?.
@@d[BhnK w?Bz{ g;zd eo/ iK Bk w?Bz{ gotkj BjhI. uwfrZdV ;{oi Bz{ g;zd BjhI eo ;edk, fJ;
Bkb ;{oi Bz{ eh coe g?Idk j? < i/ e;tZNh yo/ y'N/ ftu coe BjhI eo ;edh sK e;tZNh
y'Nh j?, ;'B/ dk eh e;{o < u'oK vke{nK Bz{ oks ukjhdh j?, fdB T[BQK Bz{ uzrk bZr Jh BhI
;edk.
}?d dh ;kyh
g?rzapo B/ fJe ;t/o i?ad Bz{ g[ZfSnk - B/e fdb oZp d/ fgnko/ ia?d eh jkb ukb <
}?d B/ fejk - fdb dh fgnko nrBh B/ w?Bz{ jcafsnK sZe ;"D BjhI fdZsk. fdB oks fJzi phs/
fit/I e'Jh B/ia/ T[go Nzfrnk j'fJnk j't/. T[; ijkB ftu ;ko/ Xow fJe j' rJ/ jB. bZyK
;kb s/ fJe xVh ftu coe BjhI fojk. G{s ns/ GftZy ftu coe BjhI. p[ZXh dk T[E/ feXo/
BjhI fNekDk. b'eK Bz{ nkek;a fd;dk j?. w?Bz{ nkek;a s'I gko dh je{ws dk f;zxk;B fd;dk
j?. fit/I p[s g{i Bz{ ;kjwD/ fgnk gZEo fd;dk j?, nZm ;[or ns/ ;Zs Boe gqsZy fdZ; oj/
jB. p[o/ Gb/ b'eK dh, fJT[I y[d py[d gSkD j' ojh j? fit/I eDe ns/ pkio/ d/ dkD/ tZy tZy
;kca fd;d/ jB. e"D B/e j? e"D pd, fJt/I tZy tZy fdZ; oj/ jB fit/I ;Zg ns/ wZSh. T[Zib
dhdko wB[Zy ekb/ wz{j tkfbnK Bkb ob BjhI ;ed/. fi;w nzdo o{j fJT[ e?d j? fit/I wK d/
g/N ftu ftr; fojk pZuk. w"s pZu/ d/ iBw b?D torh xNBk j?. ebw{j/I JhE'ghnB efjzd/
jB - fJj ;kvhnK o{jK jB. nBks'bhnK dhnK o";aB o{jK y{p;{os jB. o{jkBh ;z;ko ftu g[Zi
ikD sK ebw{j/I th o";aBw[y j' ikDr/. w?Bz{ fenkws d/ fdB tkgoB tkbhnK xNBktK dk gsk
j?. ej' sK dZ;K <
g?rzapo B/ j'mK s/ T[Irb oZy e/ fejk - ykw';a. e'Jh b'V BjhI. fJj r[csr{ nBzs j?. T{mK
dk ekotK d{o ubk frnk j? ia?d. ub' s/ia edwh ubhJ/. T[BQK Bkb obhJ/. ykw';a oj'.
s[ofdnK ia?d B/ fejk - go ;{oi Bz{ eZS ftu fet/I S[gk ;edk jK wkbe < p[ZXh ns/ gkrbgD
d't/I god/ cN rJ/ jB. w?Bz{ ;wMkU fe tv/ G/d gqrN j'D s'I fet/I o'ehd/ jB.
g?rzapo B/ fejk - nZy nZr/ T[IIrb eo'. ;{oi Yfenk iKdk j?. fBeh fijh T[Irb nZy nr/ nk
ikJ/ sK uzd ;{oi god/ T[jb/ j' iKd/ jB. S[gDk s/ S[gkDk f;y ia?d.
ia?d B/ fejk - ;ah;ak ns/ sZeVh M{m BjhI p'b ;ed/, ;ah;ak ns/ sZeVh p/JhwkBh BjhI eod/, sK
th, s[jkvk j[ew j? ykw';a ojK, w?I ykw';a ojKrk wkbe. nzfwqs dk fBowb fwZmk u;awk trdk
130
fd; fojk j?. w'wB fsqgs j' oj/ jB, ekco nkb/ d[nkb/ uZeo eZN oj/ jB go gkDh jk;b
BjhI j[zdk. w?I ykw';a ojKrk.
g?rzapo B/ c[owkfJnk - skfonK dh o";aBh J/Bh s/ia j? i?ad fe nZyK nzBQhnK j' ikD go oZp B/
T[j w'wpZshnK tor/ eo fdZs/ jB sK fe w'wBk Bz{ o;sk fdyk ;eD. fJjh sko/ ;a?skB T[go
N[ZNDr/ s/ spkjh wukT[Dr/.
s[;hI ia?d Bz{ j[D d/y BjhI ;ed/. i'V/ T[sko e/ T[j nBzs o{jkBhns ftu dkyb j' frnk j?.
s[;hI T[; Bz{ Y{zvD dk :sB Bk eo' feT[Ife T[;d/ edwk d/ fB;akB th rkfJp j' rJ/ jB.
nkek;a rzrk d/ o;s/ T[go edwk d/ fB;akB BjhI j[zd/, eZy ekB/ BjhI j[zd/. ;kok e[M ;kca j?.
@@oZp dk fXnkB eo', T[j s[jkvk fynkb oy/rk, s[jkv/ ;ko/ fceo T[;d/ fceo j' ikDr/. oZp
B/ fejk - n? g?rzpo e/tb w'wBk dh ;zrs eoBh. n;hI s[jkBz{ nfijh nZr d/ fdsh j? fijVh
;z;ko Bz{ fBZx dJ/rh go nZr i/ ;[nkj dh ;zrs eo/rh sK p[M ikJ/rh. ;a?skB, w[;bwkB dk
G/y Xko e/ nkJ/rk. T[; dh gSkD eoBh.
@@w[jzwd B/ id'I ngDh ;aokp toskJh sK ;z;ko d/ gfjb/ ;ko/ m/e/ pzd j' rJ/. rohp w[;bwkB
cN/ eZgfVnK Bzr/ XVK Bkb ekcao izrpkiaK Bkb bVe/ cfsj:kp j'J/. fJj ;G dhBh ;aokp
ftu wyw{o ;B. i/ w?I fJj ejK fe w[jzwd d/ jZE ftu ;[okjh j? sK fJj mhe BjhI. T[j
;aokp dk Gfonk j'fJnk Sbedk fgnkbk j?. ;[okjh oZp d/ jZE ftu j?.
@@g?rzpo sZe g[ZiD dk o;sk fgnko j?.
fgnko ftu'I n;hI iBw fbnk, fgnko ;kvh wK j?.
wK sz{ gofdnK ftu feT[I S[g rJh j?I <
fJ; eoe/ fe n;hI ekcao jK <
JhokB B/ ;z;ko Bz{ gzi wjkB feskpK fdshnKl fcod";h dk ;akjBkwk, ;a/y ;kndh dh r[fb;sK,
jkfcaia dk dhtkB, cohd[ZdhB nZsko dh gzShnK dh wifb; ns/ w"bkBk o{w dh w;Bth. i/ noph
ftu e[okB Fq/;aN j? sK cko;h ftubh w;Bth cko;h dk e[okB j? -
w;Bth fJ w"bth fJ wnBth.
j;s e[okB do iapkB gfjbth.
ikwh B/ fbfynk -
wB fu r'fJw t;fc nK nkbh iBkp.
Bh;s g?rzpo tb' dkod feskp..
(T[uh ;akB tkb/ (o{wh) d/ eh r[D fpnkB eoK <
T[; d/ jZE ftu fJbjkw dh feskp j? go T[j Bph BjhI)
w;Bth ftu o{wh pkopko ;aZw; dk fiaeo eodk j? -
;aw; spohiah fe B{o w[sfbe j;s.
nkcskp n;s t ia nBtkfo je n;s.
(;aw; spo/ia nZbkj dk B{o j?.
T[j ;{oi j?, T[; dh o";aBh oZp dh o";aBh j?.)
d;zpo 1273 Jh;th, e{BhnK ftu y"caBke s{cakB ns/ G[ukb nkfJnk. tZvh frDsh ftu w"sK
j'JhnK. vo/ j'J/ b'e w"bkBk d/ dopko ftu g[Zi/ s/ g[ZfSnk fe e[dos J/Bh e'qXtkB feT[I j?.
w"bkBk B/ c[owkfJnk - Xosh Bz{ G[Zy bZrh j'Jh j?, ;[nkd p'Nh dh ykj;atzd j?. wBg;zd y[oke
fwb rJh ;aKs j' ikJ/rh. ;skoK d;zpo Bz{ w"bkBk dk d/jKs j'fJnk sK e[dos ;aKs j'
rJh.T[; Bz{ T[; d/ fgsk dh epo d/ Biadhe s[oeh ftu e'BhnK fty/ dcaBkfJnk frnk. gfjb'I
fjioh ;zws d/ fj;kp T[;dk T[o; wBkfJnk iKdk ;h go fgSbh nZXh ;dh s'I 17 d;zpo dk
fdB e'BhnK ftu fB;afus j' frnk j?.
w;Bth dhnK S/ g'EhnK ou e/ w"bkBk B/ efj fdsk ;h -
ykehJ/ Jh r[fcsk nk:d p/iapkB.
do fdfb jo e; fe dkod B{oh ikB.
(rqzE dk ofjzdk fjZ;k jo ;ay; d/ fdb ftu nkgD/ nkg
131
fpB p'fbnK gqek;atkB j' ikJ/rk fi; dh nkswk g[oB{o j' rJh j't/rh.)
go f;anoK dh pDso ns/ ;a?bh s'I ;kps j' iKdk j? fe ;ZsthI feskp fe;/ j'o dh BjhI, o{wh
dh j?. f;XKs fJ;bkw d/ jB, o{wh T[BQK dh ftnkfynk Bt/I sohe/ Bkb eodk j?. ;aoJh nkyd/
jB e/tb nZbkj j?, T[;dk e'Jh ;aohe BjhI, fijVk T[;d/ fe;/ ;aohe Bz{ wzB/ T[j p[s g{i
ekco j?. T[j nkgD/ wZs d/ ;woEB tk;s/ e[okB dh nkfJs gVQd/ jB - BjhI j? j'o e[M th
fes/ f;tkfJ fJe nZbkj d/. o{wh nkydk j? fe fco sK fiXo Biao ikJ/ T[Xo nZbkj jh
nZbkj j?. id'I d{ik T[;d/ f;tkfJ j'o e'Jh BjhI, fco jo/e eD ftu T[;/ dk ibtk j?. o{wh
dk eEB j? - ;w[zdo ftu ;wz[do s'I fJbktk j'o e[M BjhI go G?Ir/ Bz{ nkgDh rZb w?I fe;
sohe/ ;wMktK < sz{ o'NhnK dk N'eok f;o T[go u[Zfenk j'fJnk j?, fco do do wzrD feT[I
ikB? < pfj s/ nkokw Bkb ykj .
;{cahnK ftu d' soQK dh ftukoXkok j?, fJe fJj j? fe i' e[M j[zdk j? oZp d/ j[ew nB[;ko
j[zdk j?. d{ik fJj fe nkdwh bJh T[Zdw eoBk iao{oh j?. gfjbh fe;w d/ b'e Gkrtkdh j'D
ekoB nkb;h j' iKd/ jB. o{wh d{ih fe;w, Gkt feos eoB Bz{ uzrk ikDdk j?. feos eo',
T[; fgS'I oZp dk c?;bk T[vhe'. f;ano j? -
gkJ/ dkjh uz{ e[Bh y[d ok s{ Bzr.
d;s dkoh uz{ e[Bh fgBjK B{ uzr.
(uzr/ Gb/ jB s/o/ g?o, sz{ b{bQk feT[I pfDnk p?mk j?I<)
mhe jB s/o/ jZE, fco eZSK ftu feT[I d/JhI p?mk j?_ <)
po stZe[b w?I e[Bh do eko e[B.
eko e[B g; sehnk po iZpko e[B.
(Go';k eoBk j? sK feos T[go eo,
fJ; s'I pkd Go';k oZp T[go eo.)
o{wh t/b/ nfij/ cehoK dh e'Jh xkN BjhI ;h i' ftjbhnK ykD d/ F[ehB ;B, fejk eod/ ;B
fe nZbkj nkg/ dJ/rk i/ fe;ws ftu fbfynk j'fJnk. o{wh nkydk j? -
ipfos{ y[fcsB do-T[-okj wy;g.
sk B phBh nK do-T[-dorkj wy;g.
(s/ok B;hpK ftu :ehB, ;"I ikD tKr j?.j';a ftu nk, o;s/ ftu ;"I Bk.
fizBk fuo do ns/ dorkj T[s/ BjhI g[idk, ;"thI BK.)
o{wh d/ dhtkB ftu riabK d/ gzikj jiako f;ano jB. J/Bh T[Zsw ouBk j? fe ;a/y ;kndh n;a
n;a eo T[fmnk s/ fbfynk - w/oh fe;ws ftu T[;d/ edwK dh X{V wZE/ bkT[Dh fbyh BjhI
;h. ;ahokia d/ pkd;akj B/ ;kndh Bz{ fejk fe nZi sZe cko;h iapkB ftu ou/ ;kfjs ftu'I
;op'sw riab u[D e/ G/i', ;kndh B/ o{wh d/ dhtkB ftu'I riab G/ifdnK fejk - fJ; s'I T[go
e[M BjhI j?.
T[;dh shih ouBk chjh wk cahjh j?, i' w"bkBk tb'I fby/ ysK dk ;zrqfj j?. fJBQK ysK ftu'I
nkgD/ fwZsoK ns/ w[ohdK gqsh fgnko sK Mbedk jh j?, wknocs d/ ft;a/ T[go th nB/e
fNgDhnK fwbdhnK jB. fJBQK ysK s'I gsk brdk j? fe gfjbK ehosB s'I fizBk goj/ia eod/
;B, spo/ia Bkb fwbkg s'I pkd ft;atk; j' frnk fe ehosB okjhI jh dhB dhnK T[uhnK wziabK
sZe g[Zfink ik ;edk j?. fejk eod/ ;B - nziho jo/e gzSh dh y[oke BjhI j?.
nkoH J/H fBeb;B B/ w;Bth dh ikD-gSkD eotk e/ fJ;dk nzro/iah ftu 1400 gzfBnK dk tv
nkekoh rqzE ;z;ko d/ ;g[od ehsk. fijV/ b'e cko;h BjhI ikDd/, T[BQK tk;s/ fJ; s'I tXhe
;Nhe ns/ w[ZbtkB nekdfwe ekoi j'o fes/ BjhI j?.
- p/;pohnK bkbuh nZyK oidhnK Jh BjhI.
go f;Zgh ikDdh j? i/ ykw';a ofj e/ ;po Bk ehsk sK
w'sh BjhI pD/rk.
- r[bkph c[ZbK d/ Biadhe ike/ y{Bh p'b Bk p'b.
w;skfBnK Bz{ w{oy nky e/ fyZbh Bk T[vk.
- j[Bo d/ Bkb Bkb T[vDk ukjz[B? sK gfjbK Biao wko
fe eh s/o/ fi;w T[go yzG j?B th <
- nZr dh ;[Bfjoh bkN d/yD Bz{ ;[jDh brdh j?
132
go T[; dk c?;bk j? fe jo/e ;a? Bz{ ;kV e/ ekb/ ozr dk g'uk c/o d/Dk j?.
- i/ nfrnkBsk ;dek sz{ nzBQk Bk j'fJnk j[zdk
sK ;{oi ;kjwD/ poca tKr d/o sZe ifwnK fet/I ofj ;edk ;?I<
- dfonk ftu i' iht g?dk j[zd/ jB, w[V w[V dfonk tb Bz{
B;d/ jB.
- sz{ ngD/ fdb ftu gZEo, b'jk ns/ nZr ;zGkb oZyh
j'Jh j?. fJj dZ; fe gkDh fJE/ feT[I ikJ/rk <
- wkbe Bz{ d/y e/ e[Zsk g?o u[zwD iKdk j?,
p/rkB/ T[go T[j ;a/o tKr jZbk p'bdk j?.
s?Bz{ nkgfDnK s/ p/rkfBnK dh ;wM ed nkJ/rh <
- pZuk wK tb iKdk j?. NkjDhnK w[ZY tb M[edhnK jB.
p/;ae fd;dk BjhI, xV/ dk gkDh j"bh j"bh jtk ftu
fwbdk iKdk j? feT[Ife T[j jtk dk ikfJnk j?.
gkDh ns/ o'Nh, ;kv/ wk; tor/ BjhI go id'I n;hI
gh yk b?Id/ jK, fJj wk; j' iKd/ jB.
- oZp B/ fijVh neb ;afjd dh wZyh Bz{ fdZsh,
T[;dk G/s frZdV ns/ ;a/o fet/I gk ;ed/ jB <
s[;hI th fwZso' y's/ d/ ezB t/u e/ pzd/ d/ ezB yohd bt'
c/o n;kvh rZb ;wM nkT[D bZr/rh.
- feskpK ftub/ tke ckjhnK jB d';s'.
feskph tke, wko{EbK ftu fwqr fsq;aBk jB, fsqgs BjhI eod/.
g[oksB iB"o ejkDhnK ftu s'sh dh eEk nkT[Idh j?. fgzio/ ftu pzd s'sh T[dk; ofjzdh. wkbe
god/; uZfbnk sK jo/e Bz{ g[ZfSnk fe eh ;[rks fbnktK, fe; Bz{ eh ;[B/jk d/ e/ nktK. T[;B/
s'sh Bz{ th fJj' g[ZfSnk. s'sh B/ fejk - T[; d/; ftu w/o/ jw;co s'fsnK dhnK vkoK
fdZ;DrhnK, T[BQK Bz{ efjDk s[jkvh fgzio/ ftu pzd s'sh T[dk; o'Idh ofjzdh j?, s[jkBz{ :kd eodh
j?. w[;kcao B/ doys s/ p?m/ s'fsnK Bz{ fJ; s'sh dh rZb ;[DkJh. ;G B/ fXnkB Bkb ;[Dh.
dod ejkDh ;[D e/ fJe s'sk wo e/ iawhB s/ nk fvZrk. w[;kco gSskfJnk fe ekjBz{ fJj
rZb eoBh ;h. gkg eo p?mk jK. tkg; nke/ fJj xNBk s'sh Bz{ ;[DkJh. id T[;B/ ;[fDnK
fe fJe s'sk fJj rZb ;[DfdnK wo frnk sK s'sh Bz{ th nfijk uZeo nkfJnk fe c[Ve rJh.
wkbe bZrk jZE wbD, d{joh w{oysk eo fdsh. god/;hI wo/ s's/ dh rZb ;[De/ fJj dw s'V
rJh. w/o/ tork nfjwe j'o e"D j'J/rk < T[; B/ fgzio/ dh skeh y'bQh s/ woh s'sh Bz{ Nzr'I
cV e/ tkV s'I gko ;[ZN fdsk. fiT[I jh wkbe B/ s'sh trkjh, T[j c[Zoo eoe/ T[v rJh.
fjzd[;skBh eEkeko s's/ ns/ s'sh d/ woB Bz{ weo co/p okjhI nikd j'D dh ubkeh d;d/ jB.
o{wh fJ; Bz{ j'o noE fdzdk j?. T[j fbydk j? - fJe wfjwkB B/ fgzio/ tkbh s'sh Bz{ g[ZfSnk
s/oh Biao sK J/Bh fsZyh j? fe whbK se ;kca d/y b?Idh j?, eh s?Bz{ ckjh BjhI ;h fdZ;h < s'sh
B/ fejk - id'I fe;ws wkVh j't/ GkJh sK nZyK T[go fuZN/ fdB godk g? iKdk j?. T[j s's/
s'sh dh w"s Bz{ ubkeh co/p BjhI efjzdk. T[j nkydk j? fi;w dhnK b'VK Bz{ wko bt'r/, nkg/
Bz{ wko bt'r/ sd nkiakd j' e/ T[vD bZr'r/. s[jkvhnK jt;K s[jkvk wiap{s fgziok j?. fJ;
fgzio/ ftu'I fBebD dk fJj' o;sk j?, j'o e'Jh BjhI.
- fgnk;k nkdwh ;z;ko ftu gkDh bGdk fcaodk j?.T[j BjhI ikDdk fe gkDh th T[;dh
sbk;a ftu s[fonk j'fJnk j?.
- fi; nZyo ekoB GNe ikJ/I T[j nZyo e[co dk ;h fe JhwkB dk, fJe' rZb j?,
fi; Be;a/ s/ s[odk s[odk i/ d';s s'I ftSV ikJ/I T[j Be;ak uzrk ;h fe wkVk, fJe' rZb j?.
- y[;ajkbh tes fijV/ goSktK pDe/ ofjzd/ ;B, wzdjkbh ftu s/ok gZbk SZv d/Dr/. s/ok
wkVk jkb d/y e/ d{o'I efjDr/ - epo ftu'I fJj w[odk fet/I pkjo fBeb nkfJnk <
- n? d[BhnK, w?I d/y fbnk s?Bz{. g[okDh fwZNh s'I pr?o sz{ j'o eZy BjhI, Bk s/ok iBw
j'fJnk, BK sz{ T[Zrh, Bk s?Bz{ wziab fwbh.
- i/ ;z;ko p/nebK p/;aowk Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk Bk j[zdk sK g?rzpoK Bz{ eowksK fdykD dh
eh b'V ;h <
133
- fit/I fgnkbk ykbh j'D s/ d[pkok Go fbnk iKdk j?, ;{oi n;s j' e/ nrb/ fdB fco
gqrN j' iKdk j?, sz{ th ;{oi jI? o{w, nkgDh ikB e[opkB eo s/ g[okD/ jB/o/ ;z;ko Bz{ o";aB
eo.
- fgZ;{ Bkb ycak j'e/ nkgDh ezpbh Bz{ nZr ftu Bk ;kV.
id'I s?Bz{ ;[DBk nk frnk sK w?I s/o/ ezBk ftu ;'B/ dhnK w[zdoK gktKrk.
- wz[doK dk Bkw ;[De/ y[;a j' frn? < fJj sK e[M th BjhI, w?I s?Bz{ ;'B/ dh ykD pDk
fdnKrk, uzd BjhI, w?I s?Bz{ efje;aK pDk fdnKrk.
- sz{ jzeko dk e?dh j?I, s/ok eh fJbki eoK <
i/ sz{ b'j/ d/ fgzio/ ftu pzd j[zdk w?I S?Dh jE"V/ Bkb b'jk eZN e/ s?Bz{ niakd eo fdzdk. s/ok
jzeko fet/I tZYK <
nZr, bZeVK d/ Y/o s'I ed vodh j? <
e;kJh G/vK d/ fJiV s'I ed vfonk j?.
- Beb eoe/ sz{ p[bp[b torh nktkia eZY ;edk j?I.
go p[bp[b c[ZbK Bkb fejVhnK fejVhnK rZbK eodh j? s?Bz{ eh gsk <
- p'bk pzdk rZb eoB tkb/ d/ p[bQ fjbd/ d/ye/ rZb ;wM BjhI ;edk.
ukw-ufVe ;{oi dh f;cs BjhI eo ;edh.
- bZsK ftu ;'Nh b? e/ sz{ d"fVnk fcodk j?I fe w?I x'V/ T[go ;tko jK, ;kBz{ gs?
;'Nh dk Gko ;r'I sz{ u[fenk j'fJn?.
134
pkpk cohd
pkpk cohd dh gfoto;a uzr/ ;od/ g[id/ nwho ykBdkB ftu j'Jh. T[BQK d/ fgsk ns/ pkpk ih
riaBh ns/ ezXko ftu iZi ;B. ncrkfB;skB ftu jkbks yokp j' rJ/ sK fJ; gfotko B/
fjzd[;skB dk o[y ehsk. fJXo th oki;h T[Eb g[Eb dk d"o uZb fojk ;h. uVQdh i[nkBh ftu
T[BQK B/ riaBth je{ws dk gsB s/ r"oh je{ws dh uVQs d/yh, Ybdh T[wo ftu r"ohnK dk
gsB s/ r[bkw pz; dh uVQs d/yh. s[oe nkJ/, wzr'b nkJ/, je{wsK ;Ekgs ehshnK, nkg' nkgD/
Brko/ tik e/ ub/ rJ/. skes dh fJ; i'o niwkJh, ;akB' ;a"es, yz{yko NZeo ftu pkpk cohd
ns/ T[BQK d/ w[ohd fJ; ;G e[M s'I p/ypo, p/gqtkj pzdrh ftu nkgD/ fdB r[iakod/. fJBQK
dhnK ykBrkjK s/ nwho rohp, dks/, wzrs/, w[;bwkB, fjzd{ jo tor d/ b'e nkT[Id/, nkg'
nkgDh nodk; eoe/ gos iKd/. jo/e b'Vtzd Bz{ n;h; ns/ Xotk; fwbdk. pkd;akjK B/ feb/
ns/ wfjb pDtkJ/. j[D id'I fJBQK g[okD/ wfjbK Bz{ d/yD iKd/ jK, T[E/ uwfrZdVK ns/ ep{soK
dk tk;k j?, w"s dk ;ZBkNk ;kjwD/ fdykJh fdzdk j?. cehoK d/ wepfonK T[go ikT[, eZtkb rk
oj/ jB, dkBh b'e bzro tosk oj/ jB, b'Vtzd yk oj/ jB, n;h;K b? oj/ jB. ukjhdk sK
fJj ;h fe wfjbK ftu fiazdrh fd;dh s/ epoK T[go w"s. T[bN j' fojk j?, epo T[go
fizdrkBh dh y?o wzrh ik ojh j?, ;[yDk ;[ZyhnK ik ojhnK jB, g[okDhnK ;[ZyK dh g{osh j'D
;dek F[eokBk eoB tk;s/ ekcb/ ik oj/ jB.
fiBQK Go';/:'r rqzEK ftu'I pkpk ih d/ puB gqkgs j[zd/ jB T[BQK ftu'I gqEw r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
jB. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih id'I J/;ahnk dk GowD eo oj/ ;B sd T[j ;{cahnK dhnK ykBrkjK
ftu o[ed/, ;ztkd oukT[Id/ s/ fiE'I fes'I pkpk cohd dh pkDh jk;b j[zdh, gqkgs eod/.
iBw;kyhnK ftu jtkb/ jB fe r[o{ BkBe d/t ih pkpk cohd dh pkDh dk rkfJB eod/. d{ih
Go';/ :'r feskp ckfJd[bctkd j?. pkpk cohd d/ T[so nfXekoh ;a/y fBikwT[dhB n"bhnk,
ngD/ gqtuBk d"okB tX/ohnK rZbK pkpk cohd ih dhnK ;[DkT[Id/. T[BQK dk fJe ;aoXkb{ nwho
j;B f;iiah nfij/ w"e/ ngD/ e'b ebw, dtks s/ ekgh oZydk. B/V/ p?mk B'N eodk iKdk. ;a/y
;kfjp B/ fJe fdB g[ZfSnk fe fJj eh fby oj/ j' sK j;B B/ dZ; fdsk. fJ; fgS'I sK ;a/y
;kfjp tXhe u/szB j' e/ ;fji/ ;fji/ p'bd/ sK fe ikDekoh nX{oh Bk ofj ikt/. d/fynk fe
fes/ fes/ ;fcanK ftueko ykbh EK gJh j?, j;B B/ dZf;nk - ih fJj w?I B'N BjhI eo ;fenk,
;'funk id'I s[jkv/ gk; c[o;s j'Jh, g{oh eo btKrk. ;a/y ;kfjp B/ fJj ykbh EktK g{ohnK
eotkJhnK. p/;ae tXhe ;wK phs ikD ekoB, ckfJd[bctkd dhnK th eJh fibdK fwbdhnK jB
fiBQK ftu tyo/t/I jB, sK th yfbe nfjwd fBiakwh tb'I nbhrVQ w[;fbw :{Bhtof;Nh dh
bkfJpo/oh ftu ;zGkb/ yoV/ Go';/:'r jB. fBiakwh ih B/ y?o[b wikfb; feskp Bz{ ;zgkfds eoe/
SgtkfJnk. gq'H gqhsw f;zx B/ y?o[b wikfb; Bz{ nkXko pDk e/ Fq/;aN r';NK s/ ckfJd[bctkd d/
nkXko s/ fdbK bJh okjs feskpK ouhnK i' r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh tb'I gqekf;as j'JhnK.
;hno[b n"bhnk feskp gzikph iapkB ftu BjhI nkJh. y?o-T[b-wikfb;, ;a/y B;ho[ZdhB wfjw{d
fuokfr fdbh i' ntX d/ tk;h ;B s/ ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB d/ ftfdnkoEh, B/ fbyh. B;ho[ZdhB dk
w[ekw tZv/ cehoK ftZu nkT[Idk j?. ;hno[b n"bhnk, ;Z:d w[jzwd fpB w[pkoe feowkBh dh
ouBk j?. feowkBh d/ pkpk ns/ fgsk ih F/y cohd d/ pj[s Biadheh ;/tkdko ;B. pkpk cohd
ih dhnK fBZih xo/b{ fizaw/tkohnK fBGkT[DhnK fJjBK dk coia ;h. ngD/ p}[orK s'I Go';/:'r
;wZroh fJeZso eoe/ fJj feskp ouh rJh.
pkpk cohd d/ dkdk ekiah F[J/p ekpb s'I fjios eoe/ 1157 Jh;th ftu bkj"o nk rJ/. E'Vk
;wK bkj"o o[e e/ e;{o ub/ rJ/. e;{o d/ ekiah Bz{ id'I gsk bZrk fe pj[s T[u/ ykBdkB dk
gfotko fJ; tes iao{ostzd j?, T[;B/ ;[bskB gk; rZb ehsh, ;[bskB B/ T[BQK Bz{ ;Zd e/
;fseko fdzfdnK g[ZfSnk - dZ;' w?I s[jkv/ bJh eh eo ;edk jK. F[J/p B/ fejk - i' i' n;K s'I
y[Z; u[Zek j?, T[j d[pkok jk;b eoB dh fJZSk BjhI j}{o. nwBu?B Bkb fdB eNh eoB d/
ykj;atzd jK. nfijk cehokBk T[so ;[De/ ;[bskB d/ fdb ftu j'o ;fseko tX frnk s/ T[BQK
Bz{ e'm/tkb fojkfJ;a d/ e/ ekiah (iZi) fB:[es ehsk.
ekiah d/ fszB p/N/, tZvk fJiaZ[dhB wfjw{d, ftuekobk iwkb[ZdhB ;[b/wkB s/ S'Nk Bihp[ZdhB w[jzwd
;h. pkpk cohd ftuekob/ iwkb[ZdhB dk p/Nk ;h. wK dk Bkw phph eo;[w ;h. dkdk F[J/p
ekpb d/ pkd;akj co[Zy ;akj d/ pVk eohph ;h. ;[bskB ;ajkp[ZdhB r"oh, iwkb[ZdhB dk wkwK
;h. fdZbh d/ ;[bskB r"oh dk ;wk 1175 s'I 1265 Jh;th sZe dk j?.
135
wK eo;[w pVh B/epyas Xowh phph ;h i' dkBg[zB eodh, d/o sZe Bwkia gVQdh ofjzdh. r'd
ftu cohd Bz{ fpmkJh, Bwkia dh ;wkgsh T[gozs nodk; eodh - j/ gotodrko, n;hI fi;d/
jZedko BjhI ;K T[j ;BwkB s/ fJiaZsK gqkgs j'JhnK. n;hI s/ok eoia BjhI T[sko ;ed/. cohd
Bz{ J/; ekpb pDk fgsk fe fJj s/ok eoia pzdrh okjhI T[sko/.fJ; phph dh ;ay;hns Bkb
eJh eokwksh ;kyhnK i[VhnK j'JhnK jB. oks Bz{ u'oh eoB u'o xo nzdo dkyb j'fJnk sK
nzBQk j' frnk. pkjo ikD dk okj Bk bZG/. phph eo;[w B/ fejk - tkndk eo fe nr'I s'I
B/eubDh Bkb fdB fpskJ/Irk sK mhe j' ikJ/Irk. tkndk eoB s/ u'o dh Biao gos nkJh.
fdZbh iKfdnK j'fJnK gqf;ZX ceho ;a/y ibkb[ZdhB spo/iah e'm/tkb ftu'I dh bzfxnk. fJj y[nkik
e[s[pZ[dhB pyfsnko ekeh dk fwZso ;h. T[;B/ g[ZfSnk - eh fJE/ e'Jh g[Zfink j'fJnk, dot/;a th
j?< b'eK B/ fejk - BjhI ih, nfijk fJE/ e'Jh BjhI. jK fJe ekiah pZuk j? fi;Bz{ b'e gkrb
nkyd/ jB, T[j xo ns/ w;fid ftu jo t/b/ Bwkia gVQdk ofjzdk j?. ibkb[ZdhB cohd ih
gk; rJ/. ngD/ u'b/ ftu'I nBko eZY e/ s'fVnk s/ cohd Bz{ d/Dk ukfjnk. cohd B/ fejk -
ih w?I o'ia/ oZy/ j'J/ jB fJ; eoe/ BjhI yk ;edk. ceho ubk frnk. id'I nBkj s'fVnk frnk
;h, fJe dkDk fsVe e/ iawhB T[Zgo fvZrk, fJj dkDk u[e e/ cohd B/ o[wkb dh ezBh ftu pzBQ
fbnk sK fe ;akwh o'iak fJ;/ Bkb y'fbQnk ikt/. fdB fSgD pkd fJj dkDk wz{j ftZu gkfJnk sK
ft;wkd dh nt;Ek ftu nk rJ/. fgS'I d/o sZe fJ; rZb dk gSsktk eod/ oj/ fe ;kok
nBko feT[I Bk jk;b ehsk < fJe dkD/ ftu J/Bh eokwks j?, g{o/ nBko B/ fezB/ ibt/
fdykT[D/ ;B, eh gsk. eJh ;kbK pkd id'I ;kJhI pyfsnko ekeh Bz{ nkgDk w[o;ad XkoB ehsk
sd fJj gq;aB T[BQK Bz{ g[ZfSnk. ;kJhI B/ c[owkfJnk - cohd[ZdhB, j[D se bZyK o[sK nkJhnK s/
rJhnK. fJBQK ftu'I e'Jh e'Jh o[Zs eowk tkbh j[zdh j?. jo/e o[s ftu bZyK nBko ged/ jB
go e'Jh e'Jh nBko eowk tkbk j[zdk j?. fJe nBko ftu fezB/ dkD/ jB, ;ko/ BjhI, e'Jh dkDk
j[zdk j? nfijk fijVk GkrK tkbk j? s/ T[j s/o/ fjZ;/ nkfJnk feT[Ife sz{ eowK tkbk j?I. pkeh
d/ nBko ftu e[ZM BjhI ;h s/ fi; dkD/ T[go s/ok jZe ;h, s/o/ tk;s/ pfDnk ;h, T[j uZb e/
nkg s/o/ e'b g[Zik, fe;/ j'o Bz{ T[j jk;b BjhI j'fJnk.
pzdrh ekoB uVQdh i[nkBh ftu jh T[BQK dh F[jos d{o d{o sZe c?bD bZrh. Bk fe;/ Bz{
fwbd/ ;B Bk e'mhtkb ftu'I pkjo iKd/ ;B, sd th w[bskB d/ ;[joktodh f;bf;b/ d/ ceho
;a/y pjkt[dhB iaeohnk B/ ;[B/jk G/fink - w?I nkgd/ do;aBk dk nfGbk;h jK. ;kJhI pyfsnko
ekeh fJXo dh bzx/ sK nkgB/ uoB S[j e/ p/Bsh ehsh - w?I s[jkv/ f;bf;b/ ftu ;akwb j'D
dk fJZS[e jK. ;kJhI B/ c[owkfJnk - gfjbK ftfdnk jk;b eo'. ikjb ceho ;oe; dk
wy"bhnk j'fJnk eodk j?. nmkoK ;kb dh T[wo ftu ;e{b dh ftfdnk w[ek e/ w[bskB ;kJhI
pyfsnko d/ uoBk ftu jkiao j' rJ/. pyfsnko B/ fJE'I id'I fdbh ikD dh fsnkoh ehsh sK
cohd Bz{ Bkb b? rJ/. T[E/ ike/ pkekfJdrh Bkb pkpk ih Bz{ fu;ash f;bf;b/ ftu ;akwb
ehsk. gzi ;kb T[BQK dh fBrokBh ftu ftfdnk gqkgs ehsh. fJBQK fdBK ftu pkpk ih B/ ;yas
fwjBs ehsh. pzdrh ftu fJzBk bhB ofjzd/ ;B fe nkgD/ w[o;ad d/ do;aB eoB th wjhB/
ftu fJe d' tko iKd/.
;kJhI pyfsnko ekeh d/ w[o;ad ytkiak w[JhB[ZdhB fu;ash, fdbh T[BQK gk; nkJ/ sK i[nkB pkpk
cohd Bz{ d/yD ;ko fejk - fJj pkia j? pyfsnko, fi; B/ ;tor s'I T[o/ feXo/ nkgDk
nkjbDk BjhI pDkT[Dk. fJ; Bz{ n;h; d/j. pyfsnko B/ fejk - s[;hI tZv/ j', w[o;ad j'.
s[jkvh jkiaoh ftu w?I n;h; fet/I d/ ;edk jK < sd d'tK B/ ob e/ n;h;K fdZshnK. fu;ash
f;bf;b/ ftu fJj eokwks gfjbh tko j'Jh fe fJe w[ohd Bz{ w[o;ad ns/ w[o;ad d/ w[o;ad s'I
fJeZfmnK todkB fwb/ j'D.
;kb pkd ytkik fco pyfsnko gk; nkJ/. pyfsnko d/ ;ko/ w[ohdK Bz{ tko'tkoh n;h;K fdZshnK,
fco g[ZfSnk - e'Jh j'o th ;akfrod j?< pyafsnko B/ fejk - jK ih, fJe j?, cohd. T[j
ubhjk eZN fojk j?. w[JhB[ZdhB B/ fejk - ub' d/yd/ jK. ykBrkj dk dotkik y'fbQnk. cohd
;ziw Bkb ykD-ghD ns/ fBozso pzdrh eodk eodk fJzBk ewia'o j' frnk ;h fe T[m e/
;[nkrs eoB bZrk sK T[fmnk Bk frnk. p?fmnK p?fmnK wZEk Xosh s/ fNek fdZsk, jzM{nK dh
po;ks j'D bZrh. w[JhB[ZdhB B/ fejk - j'o fezBk fuo J/; rohp Bz{ GZmh ftu pkbDk j?< j[D
pyf;a;aK eo' pyfsnko.
136
pkpk cohd ih dhnK ;kyhnK ;kv/ gk; ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB okjhI gqrN j'JhnK jB. fJBQK ;kyhnK
ftu'I ;dkuko, jbhwh, fwmk;, ;poF[eo ns/ eokwksh nz;a fwbd/ jB. e[M gkme eokwks bcia
gVQfdnK soZpe T[md/ jB id'I fe w/oh ftfdnk ns/ fB;auk fJj d;dk j? fe ;z;ko ftu
eokwksK s'I pr?o j'o e[M j? Jh BjhI.
fJe w[ohd nkg d/ dopko ftu jkiao j'fJnk s/ efjD bZrk - ih w/ok gfotko tZvk j?. gzi
XhnK jB. rohph j?. e[M dfJnk eo'. w/oh fJe Xh nzBQh j?. pkpk ih B/ fejk - ikT[. ;po
eo'. T[j p'fbnk - s[jkvh fJe ;akjiakdh nzBQh j[zdh c/o s[jkBz{ gsk brdk fJj d[y fe; soQK
dk j[zdk j?. fe;/ Bz{ w/oh pKj cVkU. fJj rZbK j' ojhnK ;B fe ;[bskB nbkT[dhB fybih
dh ;?Bk d/ tiaho iacoykB dk g'sok dopko ftu wZEk N/eD nkfJnk. pkpk ih B/ fJ; d[yh
w[ohd dh rZb ehsh, T[;B/ fejk - ih w/ok xo jkiao j?. w?I fJ; gfotko dh fydws eoKrk.
w"bkBk d/ fdB ;[y Bkb phsD bZr/.
jK;h s'I ;kJhI pyfsnko ekeh B/ nkgDhnK fB;akBhnK fdZbh pkpk cohd gk; G/iD dk j[ew
fdsk :kBh fe nkgD/ T[so-nfXekoh Ekg fdZs/. b'e tZvh frDsh ftu do;aBk bJh nkT[D br
gJ/. pzdrh ftu ftxB g?D bZrk sK c?a;bk ehsk - fdZbh ;kv/ bJh mhe BjhI. jK;h ubd/
jK. jK;h ike/ th T[jh jkb j'fJnk. b'e jNd/ jh BjhI ;B. gsk brk fe ni'XB
(gkfe;skB) d/ b'e r[;sky, o[Zy/ s/ Bk;se jB, cehoK dh G'ok fJiaZs BjhI eod/. c?;bk
j'fJnk fe ni'XB uZfbnk ikt/. T[E/ ike/ u?B fwfbnk, efjD bZr/ - fJj cehoK dh ;jh EK
j?. fJE/ fJe tZv/ eoho j/m nk;D iwk fbnk s/ pzdrh eoB bZr/. eJh tko ;[B/jk fwbdk -
ih nkg dh gsBh B/ fszB fdB s'I e[M BjhI ykXk, ih nkg d/ cbkD/ ;kfjpiakd/ Bz{ d' fdBK s'I
ykD bJh e[M B;hp BjhI j'fJnk. nkg nv'b pzdrh ftu bhB ofjzd/. fJjBk ;[B/fjnK Bkb
e'Jh caoe Bk g?Idk. oZp B/ poesK d/ dotkia/ y'bQ fdZs/.
owiakB d/ fdBh fJe ebzdo pkpk ih d/ do;aB eoB ykBrkj ftu g[Zik. pkpk ih pzdrh ftu
bhB ;B. dotkiak nzdo'I pzd ;h s/ j[ew ;h fe fe;/ Bz{ nzdo BjhI nkT[Dk d/Dk, dotkia/ s/
d;se BjhI d/Dh. M'IgVh d/ pkjo uNkJh (w[;Zbk) ftSh gJh ;h fi; T[s/ p?m e/ pkpk ih
pzdrh efonk eod/ ;B, ebzdo T[; T[go p?m frnk. fJj r[;skyh ;h p/;ae go T[; tes
fvT{Nh s/ jkiao ;a/y pdo[ZdhB fJ;jke B/ p/ndph d/ vo'I e[M BK fejk. ebzdo Bz{ ykDk
y[nkfJnk. fcao T[;B/ u'b/ ftu'I Gzr eZYh s/ m{m/ ftu x'ND bZr frnk, fSN/ gkfe w[;Zb/ T[go
fvZrD bZr/. fJ;jke B/ fJ; joes dk p[ok wBkfJnk sK ebzdo r[Z;/ ftu nk frnk s/ T[;Bz{
wkoB bJh fJj' m{mk u[Ze fbnk. pkpk ih e'mVh ftu'I pkjo nkJ/, ebzdo dk jZE cVe/ efjD
bZr/ - w/oh noia wzB e/ pya;a d/j. ebzdo B/ fejk - dot/; jZE u[fenk sK BjhI eod/ go
u[Ze b?D sK tko eoBk bkiawh j?. pkpk ih B/ fejk - ezX s/ wko. ebzdo B/ ezX s/ m{mk
wkfonk sK ezX Y/oh j' rJh.
fi; T[go tXhe fwjopkB j[zd/, pkpk cohd T[;Bz{ n;h; fdnk eod/ @@oZp s/o/ fdb ftu dod
g?dk eo/.## nkJ/ w[ohdK dhnK sebhcK, d[y ;[DfdnK T[BQK dhnK nZyK fGZihnK ofjzdhnK, fejk
eod/ - nZbkj dk Bkw bt', pzdrh eo', Go';k oZy', wkbe wZddrko j?. T[BQK dk fgnkok w[ohd
w[jzwd ;akj pkpk ih gk; nkfJnk. pkpk ih B/ g[ZfSnk- J/Bk T[dk;, J/Bk d[yh feT[I j? <
w[jzwd B/ fejk - id'I w?I gfotko SZv e/ nkg gk; nkfJnk, xo w/ok fpwko Gok, woB feBko/
;h. j[D sZe T[j ijkB ftu'I ik u[ek j't/rk, :ehBB. pkpk ih B/ c[owkfJnk - fijVh s/oh
fJ; tes j?, w/oh ;koh T[wo fJj' jkbs ojh, p; w?I fe;/ Bz{ dZ;h BjhI fJj rZb edh.
ni'XB ftu d' Gok w[B;ah ;B. fJe d/ wB ftu nfijk t?okr g?dk j'fJnk fe B"eoh SZv e/
pkpk ih dk w[ohd j' frnk. xo pko, gfotko, ikfJdkd ngD/ Gok d/ ;g[od eo fds/. GkDk
tkgfonk, d[BhnKdko Gok fpwko j' frnk, sebhc J/Bh fe puD dh e'Jh T[whd Bk ojh.
ceho Gok d"fVnk pkpk cohd d/ dopko ftu nk jkiao j'fJnk, ftobkg eoB bZrk fe i/ w/o/
Gok Bz{ e[M j' frnk sK w?I ek;/ i'rk BjhI ojKrk. pkpk ih B/ B/V/ p[bkfJnk s/ fejk - s/ok
Gok mhe j?. ikj. xo ik e/ T[;B/ d/fynk fe Gok mhe j' frnk j?. F[eokBk eoB d[pkok
pkpk ih dh ykBrkj s/ frnk. pkpk ih B/ ca[owkfJnk - Go';k oZfynk eo'. d[y sebhcK nk
th ikD sK e[obkJhdk BjhI j[zdk. eh ;kv/ T[go edh e'Jh fpgsk BjhI nkJh< n;hI jT[ek sZe
BjhI b?Id/. ;po s/ F[eo eoB dh nkds gkT[. y[;ah d/ w"e/ feT[I, d[y d/ w"e/ s/ th F[eokBk
eohdk j?. T[j i' th G/i/, T[;dk ;[nkrs eo'.
137
;a/y cohd d/ w[ohd okshI ;[s/ gJ/ ;B. pkpk ih f;woB eod/ Nfjb oj/ ;B, BhId ni/ d{o
;h. T[jBk dk ;G s'I S'Nk p/Nk fBiakw[ZdhB ;h fi;Bz{ pVk bkv eod/ ;B. fJ; bkv ;dek
T[j eJh tko r[;sky th j' iKdk ;h go pkpk ih Biao nzdkia eo fdzd/. seohpB nZXh oks
dk tes ;h, pkpk ih ngD/ p/N/ d/ Biadhe rJ/ s/ tki wkoh - fBiakw. fBiakw ;[Zsk fojk, ;a/y
fBiakw[ZdhB s[ozs yV/ j' rJ/, fBwosk Bkb M[e e/ fejk - j[ew j}{o. pkpk ih B/ fejk - BjhI
GkJh, s[jkBz{ BjhI, w?I fJ; fBiakw Bz{ tki wkoh ;h. fco Nfjbd/ oj/. nZX/ gfjo pkd c/o tki
wkoh - fBiakw[ZdhB. fJ; tko th T[BQK dk p/Nk ;[Zsk fojk s/ ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB yb' frnk, ndp
Bkb fejk - wkbe eh nkfrnk j? < pkpk ih B/ fejk, BjhI U GkJh. s[;hI nkokw eo'. ;a/y
fBiakw[ZdhB B/ fejk - pkpk ih e'Jh ezw nkyDk j? s[;hI, fBiakw Bz{ ek; bJh T[mkT[Dk < w?Bz{
j[ew eo', w?I eodk jK. pkpk ih B/ fejk - BjhI. e'Jh ezw BjhI. s[;hI ;"I ikT[. fco Nfjbd/
oj/. nzfwqs t/bk j' frnk, nkgD/ p/N/ fBiakw d/ Biadhe rJ/ s/ fejk - fBiakw[ZdhB. T[j ;[Zsk
Bk ikfrnk, jiaos fBiakw[ZdhB B/ jZE i'V e/ fejk - j[ew wkbe. pkpk ih w[;eokJ/, c[owkfJnk
- fi; Bz{ e[ZM d/D dk wB ;h, T[j b?D dk fJS[Ze BjhI, fJe sz{ j?I i' y'j fojk j?I ipoB.
mhe n? fco. gotodrko Bz{ i/ fJt/I wB}{o j? sK fJj' ;jh. fJj nkye/ ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB d/
f;o s/ jZE oZfynk. pyf;a;aK dh po;ks j'Jh.
fJe j'o fdB fJ; soQK th j'fJnk. pdo[ZdhB fJ;jke pkpk ih dk fBih Nfjbhnk (rVtJh),
fes/ d{;o/ fgzv frnk j'fJnk ;h. T[;dh EK ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB B/ fvT{Nh ;zGkb bJh. fJ;jke dZ;
frnk ;h fe dotkia/ d/ pkjo p?mhdk j?, pkpk ih tkZi wkoB sK jkiao j' ikT[. e'Jh fwbD
nkt/ sK p?mD bJh ej'. nzdo Mks wkod/ oj', i/ pkpk ih NfjbD br ikD sK nzdo ypo
d/ fdT[ fe cbkDk fwbD nkfJnk j?, ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB gfjo/ s/ p?mk ;h fe nzdo'I pkpk ih d/
r[D r[DkT[D dh nktkia ;[Dh. Mks wkoh, pkpk ih pj[s gq;zB ft;wkfde nt;Ek ftu r[Dr[Dk
oj/ ;B -
we;{fd wB pzdkfJ fia e"BhB s[Jh.
nia pjo s{ whow nia pokfJ s{iahnw .
(s/oh sKx ftu s/o/ edwk dh X{V pD e/ ihnK.
d'tK ijkBk ftu s/oh b'V j? w?Bz{, s/o/ bJh woK s/o/ bJh ihnK.)
fBiakw[ZdhB B/ ;'funk, j[D nzdo ikD dk t/bk j?, j[D ofjwsK d/ do y[bDr/. fco ;'uD bZrk
- fes/ Bkokia Bk j' ikD. iktK sK eh gsk poesK M'bh ftu g? ikD, go i/ r[;skyh ;wM
bJh sK fywK wzr btKrk, fwjopkB sK T[j jB jh, py;a d/Dr/. ;fji/ ;fji/ T[BQK d/
Biadhe ubk frnk, gZSw tZb, eknp/ tb wz{j eoe/ T[gob/ f;ano r[D r[Dk oj/ ;B. pkpk
ih dh Biao fBiakw[ZdhB T[s/ gJh sK c[owkfJnk - t/b/ f;o nkfJn?I. i' s/o/ fdb ftu j? wzr
b?. fBiakw[ZdhB B/ fejk - fwjopkB j'J/ j' pkpk ih, skes fdT[ fe w?I dhB d/ o;s/ s'I edh
GNeK BK. pkpk ih B/ n;h; fdZsh fJj' j'fJrk fBiakw[ZdhB. fJj' j'fJrk. Xo{ sko/ tKr sz{
nv'b oj/Irk. fJ; xNBk pkps d;fdnK fgS'I jiaos fBiakw[ZdhB ngD/ w[ohdK Bz{ fejk eod/
;B - eJh tko w/o/ wB ftu fynkb nkfJnk eodk j? fe T[; ;w/I w?I pkpk ih nr/ fJj
noia feT[I Bk ehsh fe w/o/ nkyoh ;kj ehosB eofdnK eofdnK ub/ ikD. go i' tvh
ndkbs B/ eoBk j[zdk j?, c?;bk T[j' j[zdk j? GkJhU. fJ; ftu fe;/ dk e'Jh i'o BjhI ubdk.
ctkfJd[Zbctkd ftu ;a/y fBiakw[ZdhB pkpk cohd pko/ d;d/ jB - @@;a/y cohd dk Gok ;a/y
Bihp[ZdhB w;fid ftu T[u/oh ftfdnk gqkgs eoB frnk sK T[;skd B/ g[ZfSnk - Bihp[ZdhB
w[stZfeb (JhwkB tkbk) sz{ jh j?I < T[;B/ T[Zso fdsk w?I sK ih w[snZeb (g/N{) jK, w[stZfeb
e'Jh j'o j't/rk. fco g[fSnk frnk - fJ;bkw d/ ;a/y cohd[ZdhB dk Gok j?I BK sz{ < Bihp B/
T[so fdZsk - d[BhnK tk;s/ sK fJj' rZb ;Zu j?. go n;b ftu T[BQK dk Gok j'D dk ;[Gkr
fe; Bz{ j?, e"D ikD/.
@@fJe n"os nkg d/ dopko ftu jkiao j'Jh s/ p?ns dh wzr ehsh. p?ns fJe gqD dk Bkw
j? fe w?I dhB dk skfpnkdko ojKrk. pj[s ;ko/ ;{ch ns/ w"bth, n"osK Bz{ p?ns dk nfXeko
BjhI fdzd/ go fu;ash f;bf;bk fJj ftseok BjhI eodk ;h. fJzdogq;s ftu fJe ckfswk BK
dh n"os ;hb ;ziw ftu J/Bh gftso ;h fe pkpk cohd gq;zB j' e/ fejk eoe/ - n"os d/
ikw/ ftu fJj sK oZp B/ wod G/fink j?.
138
@@c[owkfJnk - fJe t/o w?I nkgD/ w[o;ad ;kJhI pyfsnko ekeh gk; frnk s/ p/Bsh eoe/ ubhjk
eZND dh nkfrnk wzrh. nkg B/ fejk - e'Jh b'V BjhI. F[jos yZND tk;s/ b'e ubhj/ eNd/
jB. ;kv/ f;bf;b/ ftu fJ; dk fotki BjhI. w?I fejk ih w?I F[jos yZND tk;s/ nkfrnk BjhI
wzrdk. nkg u[Zg j' rJ/. e'Jh T[Zso Bk fdZsk. w?Bz{ j[D sZe fJ; rZb dk gSsktk j? fe id'I
T[BQK fJBeko eo fdsk ;h sK w?I d{ik tke feT[I fejk. fJj r[;skyh w?E'I j' rJh ;h. w[o;ad
B/ fJe fdB w?Bz{ fejk ;h - gho, w[ohd dh ezxh j[zdk j?.
@@nkg dh ;zrs ftu fJe niBph nkfJnk s/ nkT[D ;ko petk; eoB bZrk. pkpk ih dh
;akB d/ fybkca p'bdk fojk. pkpk ih B/ e'Jh T[iao fJsoki Bk ehsk. ;aKs ;[Dd/ oj/. nkyo
T[j pzdk fJj bcia efj e/ ubk frnk - id'I sd ijkB ekfJw oj/rk, w/o/ r[Bkj ns/ s[jkvh
dfonkfdbh T[d'I se ekfJw ofjDr/.
@@o'fianK d/ fdBk ftu pkpk ih fpwko j' rJ/ ;' o'iak SZvDk fgnk. yop{ik wzrtkfJnk. fJe
ckVh w?Bz{ cVkJh. w?I o'iak s'VB dk fJS[e BjhI ;K, go w[of;d dk j[ew th BjhI w'fVnk ik
;edk ;h, ;'funk, r[Bkj py;akD bJh d' wjhB/ j'o o'ia/ oZy btKrK go pkpk ih dk j[ew
wzBDk ukjhdk j?. w?I ckVh ykD jh tkbk ;K fe nkg B/ o'efdnK fejk - sz{ BK ykj. fpwko
j'D ekoB w?Bz{ sK ykD dh S'N j?, s/o/ bJh mhe BjhI. w?I F[eokBk ehsk.
@@fJe fdB w[jzwd Bkw dk pzdk nkg gk; p?mk ;h fe ykD/ dk tes j' frnk. M'IgVh ftu
nfijk e'Jh eZgVk BjhI ;h fe ftSk e/ d;soykB ti'I tos fbnk iKdk. w[jzwd d/ fdb ftu
fynkb nkfJnk - pkpk ih d;soykB s/ ;[;a'fGs j'D/ ukjhd/ ;B, fJ; soQK iawhB s/ p?m/ ykDk
yKd/ mhe BjhI brd/. pkpk ih B/ T[Irb Bkb o/s T[go dkfJok tkfjnk s/ fejk - fJj fojk
w/ok d;soykB w[jzwd Gok. gq;akd Se.
nkfoc, pkpk ih dk jwT[wo ns/ jwiwksh ;h, d';s ;h pugB dk. w[bskB d/ wfbe B/
T[;Bz{ p[bke/ fejk - pkpk ih fJ; t/b/ jK;h ftu jB. ;kvh noia sK T[BQK wzBDh BjhI. s[;hI
T[BQK d/ pugB d/ ;y/ j', ikT[, nky' fe pkpk ih fi; w[bskB dhnK rbhnK ftu y/vd/ y/vd/
s[;hI tZv/ j'J/, T[j rbhnK s[jkv/ dhdko tk;s/ ;fje ojhnK jB. feogk eo' s/ w[bskB dh
fJe c/oh gkT[. wfbe B/ T[;Bz{ x'Vk fdsk, o;s/ ftu ykD-ghD bJh ;wZroh fdsh ns/ fJe
E?bh ftu ;" w[joK gke/ fdshnK fe fJj ;kv/ tb'I BiaokBk T[BQK d/ uoBk ftu oZyDk.
nkfoca nrb/ fdB jK;h tZb s[o fgnk s/ s[oB s'I gfjbK gzikj w[joK E?bh ftu'I eZY e/ xo
oZy frnk. ub' ukb ub' ukb jK;h g[Zi frnk. x'Vk o[Zy Bkb pzfBQnk. pkpk ih d/yd/ oj/,
gSkDd/ oj/ s/ fejk - ;akfJd nkfoc j? ngDk rokJhI GkJh. nkfoca B/ wZEk N/fenk s/ gzikj
w[joK tkbh E?bh pkpk ih d/ uoBk ftu oZyh. pkpk ih yVQ/ j' rJ/. nkfoca Bz{ iZch ftu b? e/
efjD bZr/ - w?I sK s[jkBz{ d';s ;wMdk fojk go s[;hI sK w/o/ Gok fBeb/ nkfoc. s[;hI sK
;e/ Gok j' w/o/. nkfoc Bz{ rZb dh ;wM Bk bZrh s/ fejk - ih w?Bz{ e[M gsk BjhI bZrk i[
nkgdk Gok fet/ jK.## pkpk ih B/ fejk - Gok izwD;ko nkgD/ Gok dh ikfJdkd d/ nZX dk
fjZ;/dko BjhI j' iKdk Gbk <
;aofwzdrh Bkb nkfoc efjD bZrk - wkca eo fdT[ pkpk ih. don;b w?I vo frnk fe o;s/
ftu fes/ ;kok XB vke{ Jh Bk b[ZN b?D. fJ; eoe/ ;'funk fe id'I s[;hI w[bskB nkT[r/ pkeh
oew T[d'I nkgdh Biao eo fdnKrk. pkpk ih jZ; gJ/, e[M Bk fejk.
M"IgVh d/ d[nkb/ ezXk BjhI ;B. w[ohdK B/ p/Bsh ehsh - ih ezXK T[;ko d/JhJ/ < pkpk ih B/
BKj eo fdsh - cohd fJN T[go fJN BjhI fuDB dJ/rk. w[ohdK B/ fejk - ih ;Zg fcod/
ofjzd/ jB, d[oxNBk j' ikJ/rh. pkpk ih B/ fejk - e'Jh BjhI fe;/ Bz{ e[M efjzdk ;Zg. p/y"c
oj'. w[ohdK B/ tXhe fwzBsK ehshnK sK fJ; ;aos s/ ezXK eoB dh nkfrnk fdZsh - gZeh fJZN
BjhI bZr/rh. N'G/ ftu'I nkgK ;ko/ obe/ vb/ g[N e/ fbnktKr/. ezXK fJe ria s'I tXhe T[uhnK
BjhI j'DrhnK.
@@fJe tko ngD/ w[ohd f;oki[ZdhB e'b np'jo frnk j'fJnk ;K. fe;/ rZb ;dek w[jZb/ dhnK
n"osK f;oki[ZdhB dh n"os Bkb bV e/ T[;Bz{ rkbK d/D bZr gJhnK, T[; T[go d{;aD bkT[D
bZrhnK. n"os r[Z;/ ftu Bk nkJh, g[fSnk - s[;hI w/o/ T[go fijVhnK fijVhnK s[jwsK bk
ojhnK j' T[j p?ns s'I gfjbK dhnK B/ fe pkd dhnK < fJj rZb ;zrs Bz{ ;[Dke/ pkpk cohd
ih B/ fejk - d/fynk, fezBh ;[jDh rZb ejh fJ; B/epyas phph B/ <
139
@@T[j GhVK s'I d{o T[ikVK ftu t;/pk eo b?Id/ sK T[E/ w/b/ bZr iKd/. nZXh oks dotkik pzd
eod/ ;K. e'Jh pzdk nfijk BjhI j[zdk ;h fi;Bz{ e[M Bk e[M Bk fwbdk. nkgD/ gk; e[M oyd/
jh BjhI ;B. riap dk fsnkr ;h T[BQK dk. nkdwiaks ftu'I e"D T[BQK tork j' ;edk j? <
ukj/ tfoQnK s'I e'Jh nkgdk tkeca j[zdk, ukj/ niBph, rZb fJe' soQK eod/ jo/e Bkb. fijVh
rZb ;G d/ ;kjwD/ nkyD:'r Bk j[zdh, T[j fJeZfbnK th BjhI eod/ ;B. nzdo'I pkjo'I fJe'
fij/ ;B pkpk cohd. J/BhnK fwZmhnK s/ fwjopkBhnK Bkb GohnK rZbK ;[DfdnK eJh pzfdnK
dk fdb eodk - fJ;/ nt;Ek ftu w/o/ gqkD fBeb ikD sK fezBh uzrh fe;ws j't/. j'o eh
oZfyn? fJ; d[BhnK ftu <
@@id'I fe;/ ceho dk Bkw b?e/ e'Jh ;[jDh rZb ;[DkT[D brd/, ;kBz{ T[dhI gsk bZr iKdk ;h
fe fJj fJBQK dh y[d dh ;kyh j? go nkgDk Bkw S[gk b?Id/ ;B. fizBk woiah S[gkT[D, n;hI
p[ZM b?Id/ ;K.
@@fszB t/b/ nfij/ jB id'I oZph ofjws Bki[b j[zdh j?, gfjbk t/bk j? ehosB dk, d{ik id'I
pzdrh dh skes jk;b eoB bJh ;ziw Bkb G'iB ehsk ikt/ s/ shik o[Z;/ dot/;K dk okiahBktK
j'D tes. fJe tko e[ZM ceho nkg dh ykBrakj ftu jkiao j'e/ efjD bZr/ - j}{o ;kvk
nkg; ftu seoko j' frnk ;h. n;hI fJj noia eoB nkJ/ jK fe ;kvh ;[bkj eotk fdT[.
;a/y cohd ih B/ fJj w;bk w/o/ ;g[od eo fdsk. w?I T[BQK dot/;K Bz{ fJe gk;/ b? frnk sK
fe nkokw Bkb rZb ;[Dk. w/o/ Bkb fJ;jke th ;h. pVh jbhwh Bkb T[j fJ; soQK fJe d{i/
Bkb rZb eoB bZr/ - T[; fdB s[;hI w?Bz{ fJj rZb ejh ;h fi; d/ itkp ftu w?I fJT[I p/Bsh
ehsh ;h. s[;hI T[Zso fdzfdnK fJT[I c[owkfJnk sK w?Bz{ s[jkvh rZb g{oh ;wM ftu BjhI nkJh
fi; eoe/ itkp T[bN g[bN d/ p?mk ;K. w/o/ s'I fJj r[;skyh j' rJh ;h. d{i/ B/ T[so fdsk
- BjhI, s[;hI mhe T[Zso fdZsk ;h, G[Zb w/o/ s'I j'Jh i' w?I ykjwykj s?;a ftu nk frnk. w?Bz{
;ziw s'I ezw b?Dk ukjhdk ;h. rbsh w/oh ;h. fi; nzdkia Bkb T[BQK B/ nkg; ftu rZbK
ehshnK pdo[ZdhB fJ;jke ns/ w/ohnK nZyK ftu jzM{ nk rJ/. n;hI ;wM rJ/. fJj sK nkg;
ftZu edh bV/ BjhI j'D/, fJj bVB tkb/ wB[Zy j?D Jh Bh. fJj sK ;kBz{ neb d/D nkJ/ ;B
fe bVB wro'I fJ; soQK dk f;a;aN ftjko eohdk j[zdk j?. fJj sK oZp d/ G/i/ Gb/ b'e ;B.
@@fiankT[ddhB cb;c/ dk ftdtkB nfXnkge ;h. T[j ;a/y ;kfjp d/ dhdko eoB nkfJnk sK
;'udk nkfJnk fe w?Bz{ dhB ns/ ftnkeoD dk e'Jh fJbw BjhI. i/ w/o/ s'I fJBQK pko/ ;tkb
g[SD br rJ/ fco eh eoKrk < fMiefdnK j'fJnK uoBh jZE bke/ p?m frnk. T[;Bz{ g[ZfSnk
- jZe ftu ns/ fto'X ftu fe; gqeko dbhbk d/JhdhnK jB < feBQK dbhbK Bkb oZp dh j'Id
s'I w[Bfeo j'Jhdk j? s/ fe; fe; dbhb Bkb T[;dh j'Id Bz{ f;ZX eohdk j? < rZb eh, i' i'
T[;Bz nkT[Idk ;h T[j' g[Sd/ rJ/, G'ok ;aow;ko BjhI ehsk.
gkfe gZsD dk ekiah pkpk ih Bz{ ;yas Bcaos eodk ;h s/ jo tes fybkca p'bdk ofjzdk.
T[;B/ ;afjo d/ w"bthnK dh whfNzr w;fid ftu p[bk bJh. whfNzr ftu jkiaohB Bz{ g[ZfSnk -
s[;hI ikDd/ j' GkJhU fe fJ;bkw ftu ;zrhs dh wBkjh j?. i/ e'Jh w[;bwkB j'e/ rkT[D
tikT[D ftu wrB oj/ ;r'I nfijh jwkes eo/ fe w;fid d/ Biadhe th rkJh ikt/, T[; Bkb
eh ;b{e eoBk ukjhdk j? < ;o's/ u[g j' rJ/. e'Jh T[Zso Bk fdsk. fJe p}[or B/ nkyo
g[ZS jh fbnk - ih fJj d;' gfjbK fe T[j ;ay; j? e"D fi; pkps s[;hI cstk ikoh eoBk
ukj[zd/ j'. ekiah B/ fejk - cohd[ZdhB. ;ko/ w"i{d pzfdnK B/ ezBk Bz{ jZE bkJ/ s/ fejk - pkpk
;a/y cohd i' eodk j?, ;'Jh eoB:'r j?. T[BQK d/ dopko ftu ikD tkfbnK d/ r[Bkj py;a/
iKd/ jB. ;ko/ iD/ nkg' nkgD/ xoK Bz{ ub/ rJ/.
pbpB ni/ pkd;akj BjhI pfDnk ;h, T[;dk Bkw T[brykB ;h. fJXo gkfe gZsD tZb dh
bzfxnk sK do;aB eoB nkfJnk. e[M oew ns/ uko fgzvK d/ gN/ d/ ekria nkgd/ uoBk ftZu
oZy e/ wZEk N/fenk. pkpk ih B/ g[ZfSnk - fJj eh j? < T[brykB B/ dZf;nk, ih g?;/ dot/;K
bJh jB s/ uko fgzvK dk gNk nkg bJh. pkpk ih B/ c[owkfJnk - g?;/ oZy ikT[. b'VtzdK d/
ezw nkT[Dr/. gN/ u[Ze bt', fJBQK d/ ukjtkB j'o pE/o/ jB. ;kv/ tv/fonK B/ irhoK BjhI
bJhnK edh. T[brykB B/ fejk - ih fJe pkr dk gNk th j?. pkpk ih jZ; gJ/, fejk - w?I
s/o/ pkrK dk xkj BjhI pDBk GkJh. p;, nZbkj dk Bkw fbnk eo.
fBiakw[ZdhB (1238-1325), dk gfotkfoe Bkw ;Z:d w[jzwd ;h, fgzv pdk:z{ (:{gh), wK }[b?yk, fgsk
dk Bkw ;Z:d nfjwd ns/ pkp/ dk Bkw nbh ;h. gzi ;kb dh T[wo ftu fgsk ;Z:d nfjwd
140
p[ykoh dh SK f;o s'I T[m rJh. ewkJh dk ;jkok Bk fojk sK rohph ftu fxo rJ/. eJh
tko G[ZfynK dk fdB bzxdk. fi; vzr ykD tk;s/ o'Nh Bk fwbdh, wK jZ; e/ fejk eodh -
pZfuU nZi nkgK oZp d/ wfjwkB jK.Bwkia gVQ'. pkbe fBiakw edh edkJh ykDk yKfdnK wK s'I
g[ZSdk j[zdk - j[D oZp d/ wfjwkB ed' j'tKr/ nkgK wK < nkg w[ohdK Bz{ fJBQK fdBk pkps
dZf;nk eod/ ;B - xo ftu fgZsb eK;h d/ sK eh b'j/ d/ posB th BjhI ;B. e;'fonK iK
m{fmnK ftu dkb ;piah g[nk e/ o'Nh jZE s/ Xoe/ yk b?Id/. edh e'Jh m{mk fvr e/ N[ZN iKdk
sK wK fMVefdnK j'fJnk nkydh - x[fwnko fo;as/dko BjhI j? nkgDk. j';a Bkb ykDk ykU.
dkfDnK pdb/ fwbd/ B/ fJj m{m/ e;'o/.
j';a ;zGbh sK fBiakw[ZdhB b'eK d/ gF{ ukodk. ;akwh ykDk yke/ pdk:z{ dh w;fid ftu w"bth
e'b gVQB ubk iKdk. fJe ;akw w;fid ftu ftdtkB dot/; mfjo/ j'J/ ;B. T[BQK d/ ;kjwD/
pkbe Bkb ikD gSkD eokT[IfdnK w"bth ibkb[ZdhB spo/iah B/ fejk - nZbkj s'I f;tkfJ fJj
pkbe ihtB Go fe;/ nZr/ f;o BjhI M[ekJ/rk, fJzBk w?I fJjd/ pkps ikD frnk jK. dot/;K B/
n;h;K fdZshnK s/ d;sko ciahbs dh pyf;a;a ehsh.
np{ peo eZtkb s'I pkpk cohd dk Bkw ;[fDnK, F[jos ;[Dh sK c?;bk ehsk fe T[BQK Bz{ w[o;ad
XkoB ehsk ikt/ go np{ peo B/ fejk - gfjbK j'o skbhw jk;b eoe/ T[BQK Bz{ fwbD i'rk
sK j'ik. wK ns/ G?D ;w/s fdZbh ik g[Zik. wiad{oh eoBh j? sK fco pdk:z{ Bkb'I fdZbh fet/I
wkVh j?, fJj ;'ue/ fJe fBZek ekotK otkBk j' frnk. w"bkBk ;aZw;[ZdhB tZvk ftdtkB ;h s/
pbpB d/ dopko ftu ;BwkB:'r ;ay;hns. T[; e'b ikDk F[o{ eo fdsk. w"bkBk ibdh ikD
frnk fe fJj pkbe n;kXkoB j? fJ; eoe/ fXnkB d/D bZfrnk. thj ;kb dh T[wo ftu
fdZbh nkJ/ s/ uko ;kb fJE/ ftfdnk gqkgs eoB T[gozs pkpk ih d/ dhdko eoB fjs gkfe
gZsD ikD dk fB;auk ehsk. otkBrh s'I gfjbK ;[bskB B/ y[;a j' e/ fdZbh d/ ekiah dh T[gkXh
gqdkB ehsh. fBiakw B/ Bihp[ZdhB w[stZeb dh ;bkj bJh sK T[BQK c[owkfJnk - fJB;ak nZbkj
sknbk s'nk jofria ekiah Bk;ath, nZwk fuia/ ;ath fe w[B dkBw. (oZp eo/ sz{ ed/ ekiah Bk
pD/, sz{ T[j' pD/ i' w?I ikDdk jK sz{ pD/rk.) fJj p'b ;[DB ;ko pkpk cohd tZb otkBrh gk
fdZsh.
gfjbh tko w[o;ad d/ ;kjwD/ w[ohd jkiao j'fJnk sK pkpk ih d/ w[y'I nkgw[jko/ fJj f;ano
gqrN j'fJnk -
n? nkfs;a/ fcokes fdbjk epkp eodk.
;?bkp-fJ-fJ;afsnkes ikBkjk yokp eodk..
(n? fpojk dh nZr, sz{ fdb epkp ehs/.
fJ;ae d/ s{ckB B/ fiazdrhnK popkd ehshnK)
fco p'b ej/ - nkyo sz{ nk frnk fBiakw[ZdhB. fjzd[;skB dh brkw fe; d/ jZE cVktK, fJj
;'u fojk ;K fe sz{ nk frnk. w/ok fdb w?Bz{ nky fojk ;h sz{ nkJ/Irk. fsnko j'e/ i[w/ d/
fdB nk. s?Bz{ f;bf;b/ ftu ;akwb eoKrk.
fBiakw[ZdhB fJj fwZm/ p'b ;[De/ y[;a j'fJnk s/ fco ykBrkj d/ g[okD/ ;/teK Bz{ g[ZSD bZrk -
fsnko j'e/ nkT[D dk j[ew j'fJnk j?. fJj fsnkoh eh j[zdh j? < ;/teK B/ fejk - GkrK tkb/
j' s[;hI fBiakw[ZdhB. T[woK phs rJhnK fJE/ ;/tk eofdnK, go f;bf;b/ ftu ;akwb BjhI eod/
pkpk ih. s[jkBz{ d/yD ;ko fwjopkB j' rJ/. fsnkoh dk wsbp j? fe d;sko ns/ fwmkJh b?
e/ nkU. ngD/ w[pkoe jZEK Bkb pkpk ih s[jkv/ f;o s/ d;sko ;ikT[Dr/. fwmkJh dk gq;akd
;zrs ftu tzvDr/. xo Bk d;sko ;h Bk d;sko yohdD tk;s/ g?;/. wK B/ rtKYDk Bz{ fejk
- nkg' nkgD/ uoy/ b?e/ w/o/ xo nkT[Dk. w/o/ e'b oz{ BjhI. oz{ iK b'rV i' th j't/ nkgDk
nkgDk Bkb fbnkT[Dk. oks Go ;{s esKrhnK. i[bkj/ Bz{ nkfynk - pkpk eZbQ dh ;t/o j'o
ezw BjhI eoBk, d;sko p[DBh j?. eZfsnk ;{s, fe;/ dk w'Nk, fe;/ dk pohe, i[bkj/ Bz{ fdsk.
i[bkj/ B/ yZdo p[fDnK. wK g[Zs B/ rbhnK ftu'I r[V wzfrnk. eZS ftu yZdo dh gZr s/ w'Y/
T[go r[V dk E?bk fNek e/ fJj i[nkB pkpk cohd d/ dopko ftu g/;a j'fJnk. T[BQK d/ uoBk
ftu d't/I uhiaK oZyhnK.
pkpk ih B/ yZdo ngD/ jZEK ftu fbnk, fco wZE/ Bz{ bkfJnk, fco nZyK Bz{ S[jk e/ w[ohdK Bz{
efjD bZr/ - pZfuU, s[;hI pfj;as dhnK j{oK pkps ;[fDnK j? Bk< ;[fDnK j?, d/yhnK BjhI s[;hI.
fJj d;sko ;[or ftu t;dhnK gohnK tb'I eZs/ ;{s dh p[Dh j'Jh j?. fJ; ftu'I ;[Zuh feos
141
dh wfje nkJh j?. Xosh dh t;s{ BjhI fJj d;sko. fco n;h;K d/e/ d;sko ;ikJh.
wfmnkJh tkbk E?bk y'jfbnk. fJe o'Vh ngD/ wz{j ftu gkJh, pkeh dk r[V - gq;akd ;zrs
ftu tzfvnk.
fBiakw[ZdhB Bz{ bzro fsnko eoB dk j[ew j'fJnk. GKs ;[GKs/ getkB BjhI j[zd/ ;B. fBiakw[ZdhB
izrb ftu'I v/b/ s'V fbnkT[Idk. X' e/ T[pkb b?Idk, ftu b{D gk fdzdk. d' o'NhnK T[go v/b/
oZye/ pkpk ih d/ jZEK s/ oZy fdzdk. fJe o'Nh, p[oeh p[oeh eoe/ ;zrs ftu tosk fdzd/, fJe
nkg yKd/. nZm gfjoK ftu e/tb fJe tko, d[gfjo ykDk yKd/. fJe fdB v/b/ s'V fbnKd/ go
M"IgVh ftu b{D yasw ;h. fe;/ dh i/p ftu g?;/ BjhI ;B. fBiakw[ZdhB d"V e/ Bkb brdh
nkpkdh ftu frnk s/ d' NfenK dk b{D T[Xko b? nkfJnk. pkpk ih Bz{ d' o'NhnK T[go v/b/
oZy e/ ykDk d/ fdsk s/ gkDh dk eN'ok b?D ubk frnk. pkpk ih B/ nktkia fdZsh -
fBiakw[ZdhB. fBiakw[ZdhB nk frnk, g[ZfSnk - ykD/ T[go eh N{Dk eo fdsk j? sz{ < fBiakw B/
fejk - e[M BjhI ehsk ih, fpbe[b e[M BjhI.
pkpk ih B/ d[jokfJnk - e[M ehsk j? fBiakw sd/ sK w/ok jZE BjhI T[mdk. p[oeh s'VB bJh
id'I w?I T[IrbK o'Nh Bkb S[jkJhnK sK w/ok jZE J/Bk Gkoh j' frnk fe u[fenk Bk frnk. v/b/
s'VB bJh ikD s'I b?e/ o'Nh w/o/ jZE T[go XoB sZe i' i' sz{ ehsk, T[; pko/ dZ;. rZb
eofdnK fBiakw B/ dZf;nk fe b{D BjhI ;h. pkDhJ/I s'I T[Xko fbnKdk. pkpk ih B/ fejk - fJe
fdB i/ pr?o b{D s'I o'Nh yk b?Id/ sK th eh ftrV ikDk ;h < gotodrko dk c?;bk j? fe
ijkB s/ok eoiaJh j't/. sz{ b{D dh vbh ykso pkDhJ/I dk eoiJh j' frnk < nZi w?I ykDk
BjhI yktKrk.
pkpk ih fBiakw[ZdhB Bz{ fdbh ftu ofjD bJh nky fdzd/ sK fdZbh ub/ iKd/. fJe okjrho gkfe
gZsD iKdk j'fJnk frnk;g[o ftu'I dh bzfxnk. fBiakw[ZdhB B/ fejk - pkpk ih e'b uZb/ j' sK
;kvh G[ywoh dh jkbs dZ; d/Dh. id'I gkfe gZsD pkpk ih e'b ft;Eko Bkb szrh s[o;ah dh
jkbs fpnkB ehsh rJh sK T[j w[;eokJ/, fejk - o{jkBhns jk;b eoB tkb/ Bz{ pj[s Gko
u[ZeDk fgnk eod?. fJj' j'Dk ;h. fBiakw[ZdhB Bz{ efjDk Go';k oZy/.
fdbh s'I e[Zb d; tko gkfe gZsD nkJ/. fszB tko pkpk ih d/ j[zfdnK, ;Zs tko pkd ftZu.
tkg;h tes pkpk ih fJj n;h; fdzd/, @@oZp s/oh jo nodk; ep{b eo/ fBiakw. sz{ xDk
c?fbnk SK dko o[Zy j'J/Irk fBiakw[ZdhB fiE/ EZe/, iaywh, d[yh w[;kcoK Bz{ okjs fwb/rh, nkokw
fwb/rk, UN nk;ok fwb/rk.
sths b?D nkJ/ b'eK dh GhV bZrh ofjzd/. sths fbyd/ fbyd/ fJe fdB EZe rJ/ sK nktkia
fdZsh - fBiakw[ZdhB, pkeh sths sz{ d/ d/j. y[d nkokw eoB ub/ rJ/. fBiakw B/ fe;/ Bz{ sths
Bk fdZsk. b'e wzr eoB bZr/. fBiakw B/ fejk - w/oh ;Zfsnk sths d/D dh j? Jh BjhI. b'e
pkpk ih gk; ub/ rJ/ s/ dZf;nk fe fBiakw[ZdhB sths d/D' fJBekoh j?. p[bk bJ/, g[ZfSnk sK
fBiakw B/ fejk - pkpk ih w?I sths d/D dk jZedko jK Jh BhI. w/o/ fbfynK eh j'J/rk< pkpk
ih B/ fejk - w/o/ ftu fejVk e'Jh ;Zfsnk j?< w?I sK ekria T[go oZp dk Bkw fbye/ d/ fdzdk
jK. oZp poesK eoB tkbk j?, nkgK eh eoBk j'fJnk< ;' oZp dk Bkw b? s/ oZp d/ Bkw fby
fby sths d/Jh uZb. ‘
pkpk ih d/ d'js/ dk Bkw ;h sK w[jzwd go pkpk ih T[;Bz{ fgnko Bkb wzwB fejk eod/ ;B.
T[; pko/ ypo fwbh fe edh edkJhI ;aokp gh b?Idk j?. pkpk ih ~ fwbD tk;s/ gkfe gZsD
nkfJnk. uoBh jZE bk e/ B/V/ p?m frnk. gfotko dh y?o ;[y dZ;h gZ[Sh. rZbK eofdnk pkpk
ih B/ fejk- wzwB ;[fDnk j? s{z Fokp gh b?B??. w[jzwd B/ fejk- BjhI BkBk ih. fJj M{m j?.
b'e ykj wykj nctkjK T[vkT[d/ ofjzd/ B/. pkpk ih B/ fejk- jK, w?~ th nctkj bZrh fJj
ypo. s{z Fokp gh Jh Bh ;edk. go b'eK d/ j";b/ J/B/ tX rJ/ jB fe w/o/ gfotko d/ ihnK
fto[ZX w/o/ ;kjwD/ rZbK eoh rJ/. fezB/ r[;sky j' rJ/ jB b'e wzwB g[Zso.
fJe d[yh p}[or pkpk cohd ih gk; nke/ cfonkd eoB bZrk - ih w/ok p/Nk p/e;{o j?. s[;hI
ikDh ikD j', w?I eh dZ;Dk < i/ e;{otko j? sK so; Bk ykT[. T[;Bz{ ;[bskB B/ cK;h dh ;iak
;[Dk fdZsh j? wk;{w Bz{. T[;Bz{ pukT[ wkbe. ;[bskB pbpB d/ Bkw pkpk ih B/ fJj ys
fbfynk - @@;zeNrq;s fJ; pzd/ Bz{ s[jkv/ gk; G/idk jK. s[;hI fJ; dh cfonkd ;[De/ nwb
eo fdsk sK wZs fJj ;wMDk fe s[;hI fe;/ Bz{ fiazdrkBh d/ ;ed/ j', fiazdrh d/D dk ezw
e/tb nZbkj dk j?. i/ s[;hI fJ; dh noia Biaozdkia eo fdsh wZs fJj ;wMDk fe s[;hI fe;/
142
dh ikB b? ;ed/ j'. fco fJj ikDBk fe gotodorko Bz{ fJj wB}{o BjhI ;h fe T[j s[jkv/
jZE'I B/eh eotkT[Idk.## yas gVQe/ ;[bskB B/ pzdh fojk ehsk.
fJe fdB pkpk ih B/ fBiakwh dk fJj f;ano ;[DkfJnk L
fBiakwh JhI fuj fJ;oko;s eia yakfso n:K eodh
e;/ f;Zo;a Bwh dkBd iapK do e;a, iapK do e;a.
(fBiakwh, eh sz{ ngD/ fdb d/ G/d Bz{ jtk btk p?mk j? <
fJ; d/ r[ZM/ G/d ikDB tkbk fJE/ e'Jh BjhI, iapkB pzd oy, iapkB pzd oZy.)
;kok fdB fJj' f;ano r[Dr[DkT[Id/ oj/.
Bihp[ZdhB B/ fJe fdB pkpk ih Bz{ g[ZfSnk - ih b'eK ftu fJj rZb nkw T[vh j'Jh j? fe id'I
s[;hI :kd eofdnK nkyd/ j' - :k oZp, sK j[zrkok GofdnK oZp nkydk j? - w?I jkiao jK w/o/
pzd/. eh fJj ;Zu j?< jZ; gJ/, fejk - BjhI, ;Zu BjhI fJj, go b'eK dhnK fJj ncatkjK
Gfty dh G{fwek j[zdhnK jB, Gfty-pkDhnK j' iKdhnK jB.
;fjB;ahbsk dh rZb uZbh sK pkpk ih B/ fejk - fijVk pzdk nkgD/ T[go j'JhnK fiankdshnK
podk;as eo b?Idk j? T[; tork skesto e'Jh BjhI. T[; s'I pu e/ oj'. wko ykD tkbk ;aKs
fus pzdk pj[s pbtkB j[zdk j?.
pkpk ih gk; Btkp dk yiakBk nc;o nkfJnk s/ efjD bZrk, ih Btkp ;kfjp pj[s szr eod/
jB, s[;hI w/o/ s/ feogk eoe/ f;ckfo;a eo fdT[I sK w/ok S[Nekok j' ikJ/rk. pkpk ih B/
f;ckfo;a eo fdsh. e[M fdBK pkd T[j nca;o fco nkfJnk s/ fejk - ih T[; T[go f;ckfo;a
dk e'Jh n;o BjhI j'fJnk. pkpk ih B/ fejk - GkJh j[D fj;kp bke/ d/y, sz{ th b'eK Bz{ szr
eodk fojk j?I, s/o/ s'I d[yh b'e f;ckfo;aK b? b? s/o/ e'b nkT[Id/, sd sz{ fejVk fe;/ Bz{ py;adk
;?I< j[D G[rsh uZb.
gkfe gZsD ofj oj/ ;B. fejk - fBiakw[ZdhB Bz{ p[bkT[. ;a/y ;kfjp jkiao j' rJ/. c[owkfJnk -
s[;hI fdZbh ub/ ikT[ fBiakw[ZdhB. fBiakw B/ p/Bsh ehsh - s[jkvh T[wo tXhe j' rJh j?. ;oho
mhe BjhI ofjzdk. nfij/ tes w?I s[jkBz{ SZv e/ fdZbh BjhI iktKrk. pkpk ih B/ fco d[jokfJnk
- j[ew wzBhdk j[zd? fBiakw. nkyk wzB'. fdZbh ikT[. fBiakw[ZdhB B/ fejk - mhe j? j}{o. s[jkvk
j[ew w'VB dh fe; dh fjzws< go J/Bk eow sK eo fdT[ fe w/ok r[Bkj dZ;'. w?I jo tes
nkgd/ edwK ftu yb'e/ fpskT[D dk fJS[e jK go s[;hI w?Bz{ fdZbh G/i oj/ j'. fJ;dk ekoB
eh j? <
;/ib nZyK Bkb pkpk ih B/ fejk - ;kJhI pyfsnko ekeh, w/o/ w[o;ad Bkb w?I jK;h ofj fojk
;K. T[BQK B/ j[ew fdsk - fdZbh ub/ ikU cohd. w?I eJh tko noia ehsh ;h fe w?Bz{ jK;h
ofjD fdT[, T[j BjhI wzB/. w?I pko pko fwzBs eoB' BK jfNnk sK T[BQK d/ nkyoh bcia fJj
;B - w/ok w[Z;bk, ek;k, yVktK s/ d;sko s/o/ e'b fdZbh g[Zi ikDr/. j[D ikT[. w?I ubk
frnk. w?Bz{ e'Jh gsk Bk bZrk fe nkyo rZb eh ;h. go w/o/ nzdo J/Bk j";bk BjhI ;h s/o/
fizBk fe ekoB ikDB bJh pfid j'tK. u[g eoe/ s[o frnk ;K. j[D sz{ g[ZS fojk j?I sK dZ;
fdzdk jK. w?Bz{ th j[D/ gsk brk j?. fi;Bz{ pj[s fgnko eod/ j'JhJ/, T[; e'b'I ftSVB Bz{ fdb
BjhI wzBdk j[zdk fBiakw[ZdhB. fdbh ikT[. w/ohnK yVktK, d;sko, w[;Zbk s[jkv/ e'b fdbh g[Zi
ikDr/.
fit/I ;kJh pyfsnko ekeh B/ ftdkfJrh tes pkpk cohd Bz{ tkfo; Ekg d/D dk n?bkB ehsk,
T[;/ soQK pkpk cohd B/ fBiakw[ZdhB Bz{ nkgDk tko; EkgD dk n?bkB eo fdZsk. Bwkia gVQd/
p/j'; j' rJ/. id'I j';a nkJh sK g[ZfSnk - eh w?I Bwkia gVQ bJh ;h < df;nk frnk fe gVQ
bJh ;h. efjD bZr/ - sK th d{ih tko gVQB dk eh joia < fco d{ih tko Bwkia gVQe/ p/j';a
j' rJ/. j'; nkJh sK fJj' ;tkb ehsk - GkJhU, dZ;', w?I Bwkia gVQ bJh ;h < ;G B/ fejK
jK pkpk ih, Bwkia ndk j' rJh ;h. efjD bZr/ - c/o gVQB ftu eh joia < fco Bwkia gVQB
bZr/ s/ gVQfdnK gVQfdnK nZbkj dh dotkj ftu ik g[Zi/, fco j';a BjhI gosh. ;aZtkb d/ wjhB/
fBiakw[ZdhB fdbh rJ/ s/ gzi w[jZow Bz{ pkpk cohd dk 93 ;kb dh T[wo ftu d/jKs j'fJnk.
fBiakw[ZdhB B/ fdbh dh EK frnk;g[o fgzv ftu v/ok bkfJnk feT[Ife fJE/ b'eK dh GhV BjhI
;h. go fdB ckeke;ah d/ ;B.d;d/ jB - g?;/ d/ wD sop{ia nk iKd/ ;B. n;hI sop{ia dk
;[nkd BK d/y ;e/. fszB fdB pkd e'Jh dkb u"b b? nkfJnk, fyuVh pDk e/ ykXh. fJj'
fijk ;[nkd ykDk nZi sZe j'o e'Jh BjhI bZrk.
143
fJe fdB so; yke/ fJZe n"os nkNk d/ rJh. rz[BQ e/ gfjbh o'Nh mheo/ T[go gkJh sK fJe
dot/; nk frnk s/ ykD bJh e[ZM wzfrnk. gfjbh o'Nh dot/; Bz{ fdZsh sK T[;B/ fJe p[oeh
s'V e/ ykXh s/ mheok fJZN wko e/ s'V fdZsk, fco fejk - w?I rohph dk mheok GzB fdZsk j?.
nZi s'I pkd fBiakw[ZdhB, r[gs ns/ gqrN d'jK ijkBK dk jkew j't/rk.
fJ; xNBk s'I pkd dkBh g[ZiD/ F[o{ j' rJ/. fJzBk nzB dkDk g[ZiD bZrk fe jiakoK dh frDsh
ftu b'Vtzd bzro Sed/. ;[nkdb/ getkB nkT[Id/ sK nkg BK yKd/, okjrhoK ftu tzv fdzd/.
y[d itko pkio/ dh fJe o'Nh yKd/. tXhe ;zrs nkT[D bZrh sK ;'funk fe feXo/ j'o EK
fJeKstk; eohJ/. n;wkB'I nktkia nkJh - fJeKs g;zd ;h sK gfjb'I F[jos feT[I tXD fdZsh<
j[D feBkok eoBk mhe BjhI. fJeKs ftu ike/ pzdrh eoBh ;"yk ezw j?, fBiakw, d[BhnK ftu
ofj e/ b'VtzdK dhnK cfonkdK ;[DBhnK, sebhcK ftu ;jkJh j'Dk n"yk ezw j?. s?E'I oZp o;{b
B/ n"y/ ezw b?D/ jB fBiakw[ZdhB, fJE/ ofj, fiazw/tkoh fBGk.
1257 ftu ;[bskB nbkT[dhB fybih(1296-1316) tes T[;dh F[jos f;yo s/ g[Zih. frnk;g[o
tvh frDsh ftu b'e nkT[d/, nwho j;B B/ fJE/ jh 1307 s'I 1322 sZe ckfJd[b c[nkd fbyh
;h.fybih dk ;akjiakdk fyiaoykB T[;dk w[ohd ;h. T[BQK B/ fe;/ w[ohd Bz{ ;oekoh B"eoh BjhI
eoB fdZsh. pkd;akjK s'I d{o ofjD bJh fejk, pkd;akj fco'ia;akj s[rbr T[BQK Bz{ ;[bskB nb
w;akfJy (\ehoK dk ;[bskB) fejk eodk ;h.
;[bskB nbkT[dhB fybih B/ 500 w[joK dk dkB G/fink. joekok dkB b?e/ g[Zik sK y[ok;kBh
ebzdo T[E/ w"i{d ;h. w[joK d/yfdnK y[;ah Bkb p'fbnk - tkj, fJzBk dkB, ceho tzv b?D sK
fezBk uzrk j't/ fBiakw[ZdhB. fBiakw[ZdhB B/ ;kohnK w[joK ebzdo dh M'bh gkT[IfdnK fejk - tzvD
dh eh b'V. fJe' e'b j'D tXhe Gbk j't/.
nbkT[dhB B/ ;[B/jk G/fink - w?I nkgd/ dhdko eoB/ ukj[zdk jK. fBiakw[ZdhB B/ fejk - fpBk
fwfbnK w?I ;[bskB dk Gbk b'udk jK. c/o th, i/ ;[bskB dk c?;bk j? fe :ehBB nkT[Dk j?
sK w/oh M"IgVh d/ d' dotki/ jB. ;[bskB nr'I dh nzdo nkJ/rk, w?I fgS'I dh pkjo ubk
iktKrk.
e[s[pdhB fybih, nbkT[dhB dk shik p/Nk ;h. ;[bskB dh w"s pkd ngD/ d't/I tv/ GoktK Bz{
esb eoe/ T[; B/ skig';ah jk;b eo bJh. d't/I Gok fyiao ykB s/ ;akdh ykB feT[Ife
fBiakw[ZdhB d/ w[ohd ;B fJ; eoe/ fJj BtK ;[bskB fJ; dot/; dk n?bkBhnK fto'Xh j'
frnk. T[;B/ j[ew G/fink fe wjhB/ dh gfjbh sohe Bz{ fBiakw[ZdhB pkd;akj d/ dopko ftu
jkiao j'fJnk eo/, j[ew nd{bh dh ;iak fdsh ikt/rh. ceho sZe ypo g[ukJh rJh sK fejk -
e"D ikD/ oZp dh eh oiak.
wjhB/ dh nkyoh sohe dh oks, :kBh fe fJe sohe s'I fJe fdB gfjbK e[s[pZdhB d/ r[bkw
y[;o' ykB B/ ngD/ ;[Zs/ gJ/ wkbe dk f;o tZY e/ SZs s'I j/mk trkj wkfonk. ;hno[b n"bhnk
dk eosk fJ; xNBk pkps fbydk j? L
n? o[pkfje fuok Bk fB;a;ash pikfJ y/;a.
pk ;a/o gzik eodh U dhdh ;iakfJ y/;a ..
(n? p[iafdb fpZbh, ngDh EK f;o feT[I BK ojh<
sz{ ;a/o Bkb w[ekpbk ehsk, fco T[;dh ;iak fwbdh d/yh.)
frnk;[ZdhB s[rbe Bz{ fBiakw[ZdhB dh F[jos uzrh Bk bZrh. T[;Bz{ bZrk T[;dh ;oeko d/ ezw
ftu ftxB g? fojk j?. dZyD ftu prkts dpkT[D s'I pkd tkg;h tes ;[B/jk G/fink - w?I
dZyD tb'I nk fojk jK. w/o/ nkT[D s'I gfjb'I fBiakw[ZdhB fdZbh Sv e/ ubk ikt/. ceho B/
;[B/jk ;[fDnk sK fejk - jB{ia fdbh d{o n;s (ni/ fdZbh d{o j?.). T[;d/ ;tkrs tk;s/
bZeVh dk ;akBdko dotkiak T[;kfonk frnk ;h. nkro/ s'I d{ik ;[B/jk fco fdZsk - ceho Bz{
ej' fdZbh SZv ikt/ BjhI sK p[oh eoKrk. fBiakw[ZdhB B/ T[jh itkp fdZsk - jB{ia fdbh d{o
n;s. ;[bskB p?Iv tkfinK dh r[ziko ftu fdbh r/N gko eo fojk ;h sK fJj YKuk fvr
fgnk, ;[bskB dh wbp/ ftu dp e/ w"s j' rJh.
w"bkBk fiankT[ZdhB ;Bkwh gZek ;aoZJh ;h s/ fu;ashnK d/ ;wkn ns/ tid (ehosB eofdnK j';a
r[nk d/D/) d/ fybkc ;h. T[;B/ ;wkn d/ fybkc feskp th fbyh fi; ftu fBiakw[ZdhB dh ;ys
nkb'uBk ehsh. fBiakw[ZdhB Bz{ gsk bZrk fe w"bkBk dh sphns mhe BjhI. ypo b?D T[BQK dh
fojkfJ;a s/ rJ/. w"bkBk ;Bkwh Bz{ nzdo fJj ypo fwbh sK ;/tkdkoK d/ jZE nkgDh d;sko
144
cVk e/ fejk - fJ;Bz{ okj ftu ftSk fdT[. ;a/y ;kfjp d;sko T[go dh uZb e/ nkT[D.
fBiakw[ZdhB B/ d;sko fJeZmh eoe/ wZE/ Bz{ S[jkJh, fco f;o T[go oZy e/ nzdo ypo b?D rJ/.
;Bkwh ;aofwzdrh ekoB Biao Bk fwbk ;fenk. fBiakw[ZdhB Bz{ tkg; g[Zi e/ ypo fwbh fe T[j
e{u eo rJ/ jB, ypo ;[De/ fejk - g?rzpo dh ;aok dk w[dJh T[; tork e'Jh BjhI. nca;';
T[j th BjhI fojk.
pkpk cohd dk p/Nk ytkik Bihp[ZdhB nkg gk; nkfJnk s/ fejk fe cbkD/ nwho d/ Bkw yas
fby fdT[ fe w/oh wkfJe wdd eoB. fBiakw[ZdhB B/ nfijk eoB' fJBeko eo fdsk. r[Z;/ ftu
nkJ/ ytkik B/ dtks trkj wkoh s/ fejk - sz{ w/o/ np{ dk r[bkw j?, :kd BjhI< w?I T[BQK dk
;kfjpiakdk jK. r[Z;/ Bkb pkjo ikD bZrk sK fBiakw[ZdhB B/ ewhia dh ezBh cV bJh, fejk nZi
BjhI ikD d/Dk. r[Z;/ j'e/ BjhI ikDk, r[Z;k T[so frnk sK ikD fdnKr/. wBk e/, gq;zBfus eoB
T[gozs ytkik Bz{ nkdo Bkb ftdkfJrh fdZsh.
pdk:z{ fgzv dk fJe pzdk wZdd dh nk; b?e/ fBiakw[ZdhB e'b nkfJnk. fBiakw[ZdhB e'b o[gJ/ g?;/
yasw ;B. T[;B/ fejk - e[M Bk e[M iao{o fdT[, w?I nk; b?e/ nkfJnk jK, s[jkvk rokJhI jK.
T[;Bz{ nkgD/ g[okD/ i'V/ d/ fds/. T[j i'V/ b? sK frnk, go yok T[dk; fe fJj uzrk wiake
ehsk w/o/ Bkb. oks gJh sK ;oK ftu fNekDk ehsk. fJ;/ oks tgko d/ d"o/ s'I tkg;h d"okB
nwho y[;o' fJ; ;oK ftu mfjfonk. ;t/o ;ko y[;o' B/ g[ZfSnk - fJ; ;oK ftu'I w/o/ w[o;ad
dh y[;ap{ nk ojh j?, fJE/ iao{o T[BQK dh e'Jh fB;akBh j?. gVskb eoB s'I ikfDnk fe pdk:z{
dk tk;h okshI mfjfonk j? s/ T[j ;a/y ;kfjp d/ dhdko eoe/ nkfJnk j?. y[;o' B/ g[ZfSnk -
s?Bz{ wkbe B/ e'Jh s[jck fdsk j?< T[dk; bciaK ftZu T[;B/ dZf;nk - eh fwbDk ;h, g[okD/ i'V/
u[ek fds/. y[;o' B/ fejk - fJj w?Bz{ d/ d/j. fJ; pdb/ w/o/ ;ko/ g?;/ s/o/ j'J/.
y[;o' id'I jiaos fBiakw[ZdhB d/ dhdko eoB frnk sK g[fSnk - ;kv/ bJh eh s[jck fbnKdk j?
nwho < y[;o' B/ fejk - fjzd[;skB d/ ;Zu/ gks;akj tk;s/ fJj i'Vk fbnkfJnk jK j}{o. ceho
B/ g[ZfSnk - fezB/ g?;/ bZr/ < y[;o' B/ fejk - ih fizBh d"bs ;h, ;koh d/ fdZsh. fBiakw[ZdhB B/
jZ; e/ fejk - ;;s/ ftu fwb rJh s?Bz{ uzrh uhia.
fBiakw B/ ftnkj BjhI eotkfJnk. d' T[sokfXekoh Ekg/, p[ojkB nbdhB dZyD ftu ns/ B;ho
nbdhB fuokfr fdjbh, fdZbh ftu. B;ho B/ y?oT[b wikfb; fbyh. dbhbK ns/ o;wK ohsK,
d'tK dk fto'Xh ;h. T[j efjzdk ;h, jZi eoB Bkb'I gho dh n;h; feT[I BhI b?Id/I < T[j fsnkr
dk jkwh BjhI ;h go y[d p/nzs tZvk ftoeZs ;h.
y[;o' pzrkb ftu ;h id'I gho dh w"s dh ypo g[Zih.ekbk fbpk; gfjB e/ T[E'I g?db fdbh
tb uZb fgnk.o;s/ ftu w[o;ad d/ Bkw T[go dkB fdzdk nkfJnk - brksko efjzdk fojk -
;[pjkB nZbkj, nkcskp do ia/fo iawhB U y[;o' fizadk< (XzB sz{ j/ oZp ;Zu/, ;{oi Xosh ftu
T[so u[ek j? s/ y[;o'I ni/ fiT[Idk fcodk j?<)
y[;o' oki eth j'D eoe/ wfjb ftu ofjzdk ;h. T[;dh nkyoh eftsk d/ pzd fJj jB L
gks T[vzsk p'fbnk, ;[B soto pBokfJ.
np e/ fpS[V/ ep fwb?I d{o go?Ir/ ikfJ.
;[B e/ soto B/ djk, ;[B' gks ww pks.
jwok :jh ;[GkT[ j?, fJe nkts fJe iks.
r'oh ;'Jh ;/i g? w[y go vko/ e/;.
ub y[;o' xo nkgB/ ;KM gJh ;G d/;.
(N[N/ gs/ B/ fejk - j/ tD d/ oki/ fpoy, j[D d/ fpSV/ edh BjhI fwb ;eKr/, d{o ik
fvrKrk. gZs/ dh rZb ;[D e/ o[Zy B/ fejk - GkJh ;kvk fJj' ;[GkT[ j?, fJe nkT[Idk j?, fJe
ubk iKdk j?. ngDk fujok nkgD/ e/;K ftu b[eke/ r'oh gbzx T[go ;"I rJh j?. y[;o',
nkgK th xo uZbhJ/, d/; ftu oks g? rJh j?.)
wfjb SZv e/ T[j w[o;ad dh epo Biadhe nk e/ p?m frnk, fco edh wfjbhI BjhI frnk.
w[o;ad d/ d/jKs s'I S/ wjhB/ pkd nwho y[;o' fi;wkBh s"o s/ ftdk j'fJnk.
fBiakw[ZdhB B/ pkpk cohd Bz{ fJe fdB dZf;nk fe ;[bskB tb'I ;a?y T[b fjzd (Gkosh ;[gohw
e'oN dk uh\ i;fN;) dh gdth fwb ojh ;h, BKj eo fdsh. pkpk ih B/ fejk - pkd;akj
fwzBsk eokT[D s'I pkd e[M fdzdk j?. d/D s'I pkd nfj;kB eodk j?. foiaedksk fgsk fpB
145
wzfrnK fdzdk j?, d/D s'I pkd nfj;kB BjhI eodk. ceho j?I sK pkd;akjK s'I d{o ojhI, ws/
;[DBk gt/ - fet/I nkfJn?I, fgZS/ jN.
ro ft;kfb ;akj whdkoh swk.
nia ft;kfb y/;asB wfji{o pk;.
(i/ pkd;akj Bz{ fwbD dh swzBk eo/Irk
sK nkgD/ nkg Bz{ gSkD BjhI ;e/Irk)
;a/y ;kfjp fejk eod/ ;B - edh edkJhI w?I ;G ek;/ s'I EZe iKdk jK, nkgD/ nkg s'I th.
fJ; s[oe dh jkiaoh ftu w?Bz{ EektN BjhI j[zdh. y[;o' Bz{ s[oe[Zbkj dk fyskp fdZsk frnk.
s[oe bcia wkfJB/ wfjp{p, s[oe[Zbkj dk noE j? oZp dk wfjp{p.
jiaos fBiakw[ZdhB nkgD/ ftfdnkoEhnK ftu'I ;G s'I tXhe y[;o' Bz{ fgnko eod/ ;B nwho y[;o'
d/ tv/o/ s[oe ;B i' :{HghH ftu nk t;/ ;B. JhNk fiab/ d/ fgzv gfNnkbh ftu y[;o' dk iBw
j'fJnk. gfotkfoe Bkw np[b j;B nwhB[ZdhB oZfynk frnk. T[;Bz{ T[od{ Gk;ak dk iBwdksk
wzfBnk iKdk j?. T[;B/ b'e rhs fJeZm/ ehs/, p[MkosK fJeZmhnK ehshnK, ;?IeV/ riabK ouhnK,
eZtkbh dk j[D tkbk nzdkia T[;/ dh d/D j? s/ eJh Bt/I okrK dh ouBk ehsh.edh edkJhI
fBiakw[ZdhB nky fdzd/ - oZp e'b g[ZiD dk tes nk fojk j?. id'I w?Bz{ g[ZfSnk frnk fe fezBh
pzdrh ehsh, fejV/ B/e ezw ehs/, sK w?I nkyKrk - e'Jh uzrk ezw BjhI j'fJnk fgsk, yk;
pzdrh BjhI eo ;fenk. jK fJe ezw ehsk w?I, d[BhnK Bz{ nwho y[;o' d/ e/ nkfJnK. y[;o' dk
Bkw btKrk sK oZp w/o/ ;ko/ r[Bkj wkca eo d/t/rk.
y[;o' B/ nkgD/ w[o;ad pko/ fbfynk - T[;d/ edwK dh S[j gqkgs eoB ;ko f;o d[yK, ;zeNK,
fceoK s'I w[es j' iKdk j?. fpBK ski ns/ f;zxk;B d/ T[j d[BhnK s/ oki eo fojk j?.
pkd;akj T[;d/ uoBk dh X{V jk;b eoB d/ fJS[Ze jB go ;a/y T[BQK Bz{ fJ;dh nkfrnk BjhI
fdzdk. w?Bz{ cyao j? fe w?I T[;dk r[bkw jK. T[;dk Bkw fBiakw j? fJ; bJh w?I fBiakwh
j'fJnk.
fJe fdB T[;B/ ykBrkj ftu nbh fpB wfjw{d iKdko Bz{ p?fmnK d/fynk. T[j nwho nZ:k;a
nkdwh ;h. y[;o' B/ g[fSnk, T[J/ i{J/pkia, sz{ fJE/ fet/I < s?Bz{ sK ;asozi s'I ftub BjhI fwbh
edh < iKdko jZ; fgnk, fejk - ;Zu j? y[;o'. wZe/ jZi eoB iKfdnK th o;s/ ftu w?I ;asozi
y/vD' BjhI jfNnk ;K go id'I ;a/y ;kfjp dh n;h; fwbh, w?I fJ; tZb d/ydk th BjhI. fJj
rZb nzdo ike/ y[;o' B/ ;a/y Bz{ dZ;h, T[BQK B/ y[;a j' e/ nBko fdzfdnK fejk - ikU, d't/I Se',
nZbkj fwjopkB j?.
fJe fdB efjD bZr/ - y[;o' w/oh bzwh T[wo tk;s/ nodk; efonk eo feT[Ife w/o/ pkd bzwK
;wK fiT[I BjhI ;e/Irk sz{. w?I efj fdsk j? ;/tkdkoK Bz{, s/oh epo w/o/ Biadhe y'dD. w/oh
T[Irb cV e/ sz{ oZp e'b ikJ/Irk.
n;h;K fdzfdnK fejk - ;dhnK ftu edh edkJhI s/o/ fijk ;akfJo s/ tkoskeko g?dk j[zdk j?
y[;o', fJj j[Bo pVk pohe j?. sz{ B;ho y[;o' BjhI, ;kvk y[;o' j?I, B;ho(wZddrko) sK nZbkj
j?.
;/y dh epo T[go d/o se ftobkg eoB' Bk jfNnk sK w[ohdK B/ fdb ;ys eoB bJh fejk,
Xotk; oZyD bJh fejk. o'IfdnK o'IfdnK y[;o' B/ fejk - e"D fe;/ tk;s/ o'Idk j? < y[d T[s/ o'
fojk jK, puKrk BjhI. 25 ;szpo 1325 Bz{ T[j e{u eo frnk.