Nitrogen gas returns to the atmosphere by the action of

nitrogen fixin

g bacte

ria.

denitrify

ing bacteria

.

nitrify

ing bacteria

.

nitrate

ferti

lizers.

14%

0%4%

82%1. nitrogen fixing

bacteria. 2. denitrifying

bacteria. 3. nitrifying bacteria. 4. nitrate fertilizers.

15

The sequence of energy flow through a food chain is

primary co

nsum...

higher ord

er c...

4%

85%

7%4%

1. primary consumers producers ‑ ‑higher order consumers.

2. producers higher order ‑consumers primary consumers. ‑

3. higher order consumers primary ‑consumers producers. ‑

4. producers primary consumers ‑ ‑higher order consumers.

15

In a terrestrial ecosystem, the trophic level that would contain the largest biomass would be the

produce

rs.

primary co

nsum...

seco

ndary co

ns...

highest ord

er ...

decompose

rs.

74%

4%11%

4%7%

1. producers.2. primary consumers. 3. secondary

consumers. 4. highest order

consumers. 5. decomposers.

15

The study of how living things interact is called:

Ecosy

stems

Abiotic facto

r...

Ecology

The Energy P

yr...

18%11%

71%

0%

1. Ecosystems2. Abiotic factors3. Ecology4. The Energy Pyramid

10

The source of energy for almost all life on Earth is:

Fungi

Animals

Wate

r

Sunlig

ht

0%

75%

25%

0%

1. Fungi2. Animals 3. Water4. Sunlight

15

In an energy pyramid, the bottom level represents:

Consumers

Produce

rs

Scave

ngers

Deco

mposers

7%

30%

0%

63%1. Consumers2. Producers3. Scavengers4. Decomposers

15

An example of a consumer in a pond ecosystem is:

Wate

r lily

Algae Reed

Frog

7%

82%

0%11%

1. Water lily2. Algae3. Reed4. Frog

15

Which of these food chains is in the correct order?

cate

rpilla

r, c...

cattail,

cate

r...

wate

r snake, f.

..

cattail,

frog,...

4% 0%4%

93%1. caterpillar, cattail, frog, water snake

2. cattail, caterpillar, frog, water snake

3. water snake, frog, caterpillar, cattail

4. cattail, frog, caterpillar, water snake

15

In an energy pyramid, the lowest level has:

less

energy th...

less

energy th...

more

energy t

h...

the sa

me amoun...

7%0%

89%

4%

1. less energy than the top level

2. less energy than the second level

3. more energy than the top level

4. the same amount of energy as the second level

15

A food chains shows:

one possible p...

many possi

ble ...

the amount o

f ...

the amount o

f ...

64%

7%0%

29%

1. one possible pathway for energy

2. many possible pathways for energy

3. the amount of energy available to a producer

4. the amount of energy available to a consumer

15

Decomposers are important to ecosystems because they:

are at the hig...

change si

mple ...

make

nutrients.

..

conve

rt lig

ht ...

4% 4%

75%

18%

1. are at the highest level of the energy pyramid

2. change simple compounds into more complex ones

3. make nutrients available for producers to reuse

4. convert light energy into sugars through photosynthesis

15

Two examples of decomposers are:

fungi

and bact...

algae and m

ari...

carn

ivores and...

fern

s and m

oss...

96%

0%0%4%

1. fungi and bacteria2. algae and marine

mammals3. carnivores and

herbivores4. ferns and mosses

15

A caterpillar eats a leaf, and a bird eats the caterpillar. In this interaction, the bird is a:

Produce

r

Herb

ivore

Primary co

nsum...

Seco

ndary cons..

.

0%

79%

11%11%

1. Producer2. Herbivore3. Primary consumer4. Secondary

consumer

15

How is a food web model different from a food chain?

In a w

eb, ener..

.

In a w

eb, ener..

.

In a w

eb, an o...

In a w

eb, an o...

8%0%4%

88%1. In a web, energy moves from an organism to only one other.

2. In a web, energy may move to many organisms from one.

3. In a web, an organism gets energy from one source.

4. In a web, an organism receives less energy than in a chain.

15

An unusually cold winter causes the squirrel population to decrease. This is an example of

temperature as a:

Carrying ca

pac...

Limiti

ng facto

...

Climax c

ommuni...

Pattern in

spa...

7%0%

7%

86%1. Carrying capacity2. Limiting factor3. Climax community4. Pattern in space

15

An animal that eats only plants is a:

Primary co

nsumer

Seco

ndary consu

mer

Tertiary co

nsumer

Primary pro

ducer

86%

4%0%11%

1. Primary consumer2. Secondary

consumer3. Tertiary consumer4. Primary producer

15

A snake that eats an insect-eating frog is a:

Primary co

nsum...

Seco

ndary cons..

.

Tertiary co

nsu...

Primary pro

duc...

25% 25%25%25%

15

1. Primary consumer

2. Secondary consumer

3. Tertiary consumer4. Primary producer

Which of the following is difference between the nitrogen and carbon cycles?

Nitr

ogen can e...

Carbon is

rele...

Carbon is

rele...

Carbon is

cycl.

..

4% 0%

93%

4%

1. Nitrogen can exist as a solid but carbon cannot.

2. Carbon is released through decomposition but nitrogen is not.

3. Carbon is released through respiration but nitrogen is not.

4. Carbon is cycled through animals but nitrogen is not.

15

Which of the following makes the nitrogen cycle unique?

It is

the only...

Nitr

ogen is al...

Nitr

ogen is fo

...

Nitr

ogen requi...

7%

46%43%

4%

1. It is the only nutrient cycle without a gas

2. Nitrogen is always only a liquid

3. Nitrogen is found in plants, animals and the soil

4. Nitrogen requires specific bacteria for its cycle

15

Which of the following correctly traces the path of a raindrop through the water

cycle?

precip

itation,...

precip

itation,...

precip

itation,...

precip

itation,...

29%

14%11%

46%1. precipitation, run-off,

evaporation, condensation2. precipitation,

condensation, run-off, evaporation

3. precipitation, evaporation, run-off, condensation

4. precipitation, evaporation, condensation, run-off

15

Which of the following is a way carbon is added to the atmosphere?

Evapora

tion of...

Forest

fires

Photosyn

thesis

Form

ation of f...

25% 25%25%25%

15

1. Evaporation of water

2. Forest fires

3. Photosynthesis4. Formation of fossil

fuels

Why are legumes such as peas and alfalfa considered good for soil?

They add valua...

They absorb

wa...

Their leaves a

...

They have nitr

...

30%

59%

4%7%

1. They add valuable humus to the soil when they die and decay.

2. They absorb water and help control runoff.

3. Their leaves are able to photosynthesis at a very high rate.

4. They have nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots.

15

Where is the oxygen we breathe produced?

in th

e rock

s

by decayin

g or..

.

during photo

sy...

as wate

r evapo...

0% 4%

96%

0%

1. in the rocks 2. by decaying

organisms3. during

photosynthesis4. as water evaporates

15

What is the major factor that limits the number and types of plants that can grow in Utah?

the amount o

f ...

the number o

f ...

the ty

pes of a

...

the lo

cation o...

67%

15%7%11%

1. the amount of rainfall we receive

2. the number of people living Utah

3. the types of animals found in Utah

4. the location of Utah on the continent

15

Which of the following is a way carbon dioxide can be removed from the air?

building d

ams

ferti

lizing c

r...

mining c

oal

planting tre

es

15%

78%

0%7%

1. building dams2. fertilizing crops3. mining coal4. planting trees

15