Yθ 7t`′bυ 7 63'I arix va onun problemlari, Ne 1 2011

NiSBOT ⅣIEHDiYEVA3αル′Dδッあ′ろ物わ

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prttssο′ちtc競●I“あri′οル″′″

′初 αЙ り′′″‐6Ю ″α晟″

XX OS濾N OVVOLLORIND0 0ZBOKISTAN INCOSONOTI

Acar sOzler: Tcatr,musiqi,Dssamllq,totbiqi incosonot,mell■ ar1lq

K」IЮЧeBЬ Ie cЛoBa: TcaTP,My3blК a,Π pИKJIa/1Hoe ИcttccTBO,apxИ TcKDpa

Key words: Theatre, music, applied art, architecture

Ozbokistanm siyasi,iqtisadi vo modoni hoyatmda ba,vcron doゾ sikliklor incosonot sahosindon

dЭ yan kc9momi,di XX osHn ovvonЭ H Ozbokistan tcatr sonotinin tanxindo mthinl morholo olmu,du

Burada ёzbЭk xalq team,prOfessional vo hovoskar rus,hom9inin Ozbok vЭ tatar dllo● ndo hovoskar tc―

atrlarね aliyyЭt g6stormi,di Ozboklstanln qOdim vЭ zongln incosonotinin on 9ox scvl10n Vo gcni,

yayllmlo nё vυ xalq tcatn olmu,du Xalq mЭ zhok。 (klZlk91)tcatnШ n rcpcrtuan osas ctlban ilo sati五 k

pyeslordon ibarot idi Klzlk91lann pyesloH yaz11l dcゾ 1, adOtOn ,ifahi ,Эklldo ёzloH toroflndon

bostolonirdi(1,S83)Ozbok Xalq mЭ zhoko tcatnnda bir 90x aktyorlann arasinda konlik vo hckayЭ 9i,

rЭqqas vЭ dof9alan,wmorlu hckayoloHn miЭ lli6 mЭzhoko9i Yusupcan sokorcanov xisusiloわ rq―

lonirdi Ranq Qaibov,Irka Kan KЭ Hmov,A五fcan Daゅ motOV da apanci vo gё rkЭmli aktyorlar idilor

Ozbok xalq mЭ zhokЭ tcatn dOvlst nlili teatrlnin inki,ainda muhum rol oン maml,dl Bu teatr hon do

9ox gcni,yayJml,dlOzbokistanda Srk mppalan da foaliyyot gOsto■ rdi Burada rus― ёzbok truppalarl b■ likdo 91xl,

cdirdilЭ r 1902-ci ildЭ Ozbok artistlЭH sabarat bЭ yln b∞ 911lEl altinda ёzlo五 nin xisusi truppalanni

tO,kil CdOrok sirk a9ml,dllar Bu kollektivЭ Yusupcan sokorcanov,Raflq QaiboV vo Ko■ m Zanpov

daxil idilЭ r Aンn―ayn nOnlrolordo rus aktyorlan da 91xl,Cdirdi10r(2,s348)Bununla belo Homzo

1lokimzadЭ Niyazi 1915-ci ildo Kokandda hovoskar teatt yaratml,dl

XX oshn ovvolloHndo Ozbokistandakl rus teatunin hЭ yatinda xcyli ir,1loyil olinu,du 1903-ct

ildon ba,layaraq Oktyabr hadisoloHnЭ qodor Z A Malinovskayanin rohborliyl altinda hor il Daskond

5oho■no golon tcatr xisusilo forqlonirdi Bu tcatr yerli tam∞ a91lan A M Qorkinin“ Mc,sanlar'',

`・ HЭyatin dibindo'∵ `GinЭ,in Ovladlan'',A P cexoVIIn``Ivanov'',“ Alball bagl'',A K Tolstoyun“ carFyodor ioarmOvi9'',``car B。 ●s'',V sekspi五n“Yuli Sczar'',F sillenn``vilhclm Tell''vo s OSOrlorlo

tan15 ctmi,di(2,s349)

Qodim taHxi olan ёzbok musiqisi xalq yaradici11=l vЭ §ifahi ononЭ yo malik profcssional musiqi

ilo tomsl oluntnu,du OzbЭ k xalq musuqisi ohalinin ctnik torkibinin tmumiliyl vo sosial― iqtisadi

,oraitin ox,arllこ l ilЭ 。laqodar 4 osas musiql islubuna aynllrdl:Xarozm,Buxara‐ SomЭrqЭnd,Forqano‐

DaskЭnd,Surxandoγ a―QttqadOrya(3,s432)Xalq musiqi yaradictllこ inda epik dastaniar(``Alparnl,'',

・`SahSOnOm vЭ QoHb",“KoroElu")XiSusi yer tumrdu xalq mttlan qlsa melodiyalardan ibarot idi

SatiHk―yumo五stik sopkili kupletlor s6ylomЭ k dЭbdon di,mirdi.Bir slra xalq mahnllan mcydana

91Xml,dl ki,onlarda sosial ctiraz motivlon osas gO血 rilml§ di.Bununla yana,1】 EK oshn ovvЭ lloHndЭ

()zbokistanda inusiqi yaradlcl11こ lnda yeniliklor 6zini g6stoHrdi MOvcud oЭ raitin problemloHni 6zun‐

dЭ Эks ctdiron yeni mahllllar bostolonirdi 1915-1917‐ ci lllordO Homzo Hokirnzado Niyazi ycddi

hissodon ibarOt``Milli mahn■ ar''adll mocmuosini no,r etdirFni§ di O,ёz oeirioHni xalq mahnllanna uy―

gun yazirdl(2,s356)1917‐ ci ilЭ kimi Turktstan diyannda musiqi tod五 s mtossisolЭHnin olmalnasl

64 Yθ

“̀′συγ

Ta五x vo onun problelnlori′ λ色1 2011

bu sahodЭ xeyli 9otinlik yaratml,dl.Ona gё rЭ do musiqi ifa91lannin hamlsl milli professional sonotin

oifahi ononolЭ Hnin ntimayondoloH idi.

OzbOk xalq mahnllannin mahir ifa91lanndan Da,kond miЁ orlllisi Molla Tuy9i Ta,muhomodov

gtiёlii soso lnalik olub,ycni tisiubda oski rnahnllan ifa edirdi.1905‐ ci ildo onun ifasinda bir 9ox ёzbok

mahnllan(“ Qulyer'',“ sahnaZ"VO S.)qrammafon vallanna yazllml,dl.Digor gё rkomli ifa91lardan

buxarah Xalim ibadOv,xarozmli M.Xudayberqanov,da§ kondli mittOFlni SOra対 m sOumarov,musiqi

alЭ tlЭ五ndo 9alan Abdusoat Vahabov,Aliin Kamilov,Abdukadlr lslnay1lov vo()hnodcan Umurzakovu

gё stЭ llllok 01ar.Bu musiqi9ilor milli professional sonotin,ifahi ononolo五 nin nimayondoloH idilor(2,

s.355).

Bu dё vrdo bir slra ёlkolordon OzbЭ kistana rnusiq19ilor qastrola golirdilor. Azorbaycan da

homin ёlkЭ lor slraslnda idi.Uzeyir HaclbЭ yovun rohborlik ctdiyi Azolも aycan opcrasinln taFna,alarl

ёzbЭk lnusiqisinin inki,aflnda lniihim rol oynalnl,dl.cinki tirk dilloH ailosino daxil olan ёzbok vЭ

Azorbaycan dillЭ五bu xalqlann qar,lhqh surotdЭ anladl言l qohum dillЭ r idi.Bu tama,alar(“ Ar,ln mal

alan"vo s.)ё ZbЭ k dinloyicilЭHni Azorbaycan musiqi9ilorinin ilk tocriiboloH ilo tanl§ cdir vo onlan da

ёz milli opera sonotini yaratmaこ a iStiqamotiondi五 rdi(2,s.356).Eyni zamanda 1905-ciildo Osgor xoca

llaydaraliycvin ba§ 9111こ l altinda ёzbok rЭqs ansarnbll Conubi QafqaZ ёlk01o● nЭ qastrol soforlЭ 五nЭ

91Xml,dl・ RЭqqaso Xamdamxonun 91xl,lan tarna,a91lar toroflndon rЭttbOt10 qar,1larlllnl,dl・ OZbЭk

roqqaslarl qastrol sofoH zamanl azЭ rbaycan,」irci vo s,xalqlann rЭ qslori ilo tanl,olmu§ dular(4,

s.20,21). 1906-cl ildo Da§ konddЭ a91lan sorgido Zakaspi vilayotinin pavilyonu yaradll■ 11,dl.Bu pavil‐

yonda A,qabad muzcyloHndo toplanllml, tobii― ta五xi cksponatlar, hom9inin osas xa19a911lq

morkЭ zlЭ五nin xo五tolo五 ilo birgo xa19alann nimayi§ i daha geni,yer tutinu,du.Nofls silahlar,zorgorlik

momulatlan,hom9inin mЭ i§Эt o§yalan da sorgiyЭ qoyulmu§du(5,s.362).K.Azorbaycv qazax,ёzbok

vЭ qlrglz xalq mahnllannin bacanqh ifa91lanndan biri idi.

Ozbokistanda tЭ tbiqi incosonot spcsiflk xilsusiyyЭ tЭ vЭ Inilli kolo五 to malik olan bir sahodir.

XX osrin ovvoHЭ Hndo bod五 sonotkarilq osas folllla olaraq qahrdl, OzbЭ kistanda on 9ox diqqЭ ti cЭ lb

edon toxuculuq,zЭ rgorlik,hokkakhq,dulus9uluq vo s.idi.

Bu dёvrdo Ri,tan, Da§ kЭnd, Somorqond vo Vardanzido ovγ Эlkiloro nisboton sadЭ vЭ kobud

olsa da, saxsl qablar istehsal olunurdu. Lakin Kuznctsov vЭ QardnC五n zavodlannda 9ini qablar

istehsah saxsl qablara tolЭ batl ttaltinl,dl. 13u sobobdon pamblq vЭ zЭHf yundan toxunan par9alar

llla§ln vo dЭzgahlarda qabalaslnls,ЭwЭlki keメ yyotini itilHlisdi.FabHk― zavod mЭhsunan artdlqCa Эl

i,10ri getdikcЭ mЭhdudla,dinllrdl. Eyni zamanda fab五 k―zavod sahiblo五 kustar sonotkarlardan ycrli

haxl,lan,geyim follllalarlnl vo s.gё ttiriib fabHk mohsullannln 9c,id10● ni artinr vo zonginlo,di五rdilor.

Burada``rusla,dllllla VЭ qЭrblo,mЭ ''deyil,``ё zbЭklo,mo,,orqlo,mo''prosesi gedirdi.Mohz bunun noti―

cosidir ki,biitiin MorkЭzi Asiya xalqlan bu guno qЭ dor ёz lnilll,ononovi gcyimloHni,9c,idli par9ala―

rinl vo omamentlЭ五ni qoruyub saxlaya bilmi,lor.

Kustar emalatxanalarda xalq sonotkarlan yiiksok bodii§ Эkildo FniS qablar,sohong dosti vЭ

ll10CmЭ yilor diizoldirdilor.BЭ zon dЭ Rusiyada hazlrlanan mohsullann iizo五 ni yerli sonotkarlar ёz lnilli

naXl,lan ilЭ bOzЭ yirdilor. Ⅳlosolon, Tulada istehsal olurllnuo salnOVar 4ヽorkЭzi Asiyaya moxsus

omamcntlorlo bЭ zodilmi,di. Kokandll sonotkar nlis mocmoyiyЭ Xudoyar xanln saraylnin mcmarllq

peyzttinl hOkk Ctrni§ di.

Dekorativ bЭ zЭk vuran sonotkarlar Morkozi Asiya iislubunda gencral¨ qubcmatorun iqarnotgahl

01an``Att cv''i,knyaz Romanovun saraylnl,momur Polovtsevin evini ёzbЭk bod五 yaradlc11lЁ lnln

qeyn―adi niimunЭ IЭ五ilo i,lonli,dilor.

MorkЭzi Asiya xalqlannln totbiqi incosonotindo ornamentlorlЭ bozomonin bЭzi elementlЭ 五ndЭ

OX§ arhq ollnu§ du(6,s.528).OzbOkiStanda ya§ ayan qlr色 lZlar xovlu xa19alar hazlrlaylrdllar(6,s.530).

Yalt,′」71″

Ta五x vo onun Problemlori′ N91 2011

1917‐ci lldo tik■ ib b∞a gainl, Buxara yaxlnll薔 lndakl Sitorai Moxl― xossa sarayl bir ne9o

memarhq abidosindon ibarot olub,ononovi tsluba yeni elcmentlЭ 五n olavo cdilmosi ilo xaraktenkdir

Bu i,usta si五 n Muradovun ba,9111言 l altinda bir qrup ёzbok sonotkan toroflndon icra oluntnu,du

Buxarada s MuradOvdan olavo mcrnar vo ustalardan Abdulsalam,Xoca Qurball,Mocid,Somorqonddo

usta/ヽ bduqadir Bakiyev,Forqanodo usta Musayev vo bir 9oxlan mahir sonot ustalan kimi taninlrdllar

MЭ rkЭzi AsiF vЭ QazaxlStanin milli modoniwotlЭ Hndo ox,arllq,yaxinllq vЭ bir do doこ mallq

vardlr Onlar bi卜 biHno tosir edir,qar,11lqll faydalanl,vo ayn‐ ayn olamotloHno gё ro forqlonirdilor

1991-ci ndo ba§ lanml,oSasll sosial‐ siyasi vЭ iqtisadl dЭ yl,ikllklor OzbЭkistanm bЭ dli

modoniンγЭt taHxindo ycni sЭ hifo a9dl BMT,YUNESKO vo s toskilatlara t夕 li〕ハ sayosind。

ёzbЭ kistan tЭhsil,modoniンγЭt vЭ in∞sonot sahosindЭ bir slra beynolxalq ohomiンγotli laytholoHn tЭ ‐

5obbis9ist kimi 91xl,cmiSdir lqtisadiyyatin osas saholorlnin inki,afl dё vloto bodii modoniyyotin ta―

lcyi nЭ b電1l mOSuliyyЭJ ёz 6zЭHno g6ti111loyЭ vo incosonot sahosindo do,,ikliklЭ 五n apanlmasmda

ёzini osas lnaliン γЭ monboyi hcsab etin3yo imkan vcrdi Tanxi irsin,milli modoniン ,りt Vo incosonotin

golocok perspcktivloHnin obyektiv aniarnl vo qiyTnotlondiHlmosi incosonotin inki,aflnda osas amil

01du(7,s2)Ozbokistallin paytaxtl Da,kond ,ぬ oHndo islub ox,arllこ l diqqЭ t。la,qdir MiStoqlllik

dёvnndo pa,aXtda bisncs― morkoz,Intcrkontincntal mebnanxanasl,Milli Bank,TeylnuHlor tttxi

Dёvlot muzcyi,01ly Moclis vo Senat binalan,Yaradicl gonclЭ r vЭ Forumlar Saraylan kimi bё

"k ti―kinti t,loH apanIInl,dlr XX oshn 90-cl illoHnin ikinci yansinda bodii modoniyyotin mixtolif sa‐

holorindo islahatlar kc9i五 Imi§ dir

OzbЭkistan Respublikasinin Prczidenti l KЭ Hmoν■m 13 yanvar 1997‐ ci il follllanl ilЭ

OzbЭkistan incosOnOt Akadclniyasinin yaradllmasl miasir incosonotin ittki,aflnda vacib ta五 xi addlm

kimi bcン■olxalq alomdo 01konin mЭ doni imicini mё hkomiondirdi(7,s4-6)

2001, 2003, 2005 vo 2009‐ cu illordЭ Da,konddo ke9iHlon Miasir bcynolxalq lncosonot

sorglo● dinya ЭdЭbi proscsinin vacib torkib hissosino 9cvHlmi, Ozbokistan rossalnlannln b6ytk

yaradiclhq potensialinl vo milli mЭ doniyyotin ё涎nomoxsusluttunu nimtti,etdirdi(7,s6)

ODOBIYYAT:

l. Kapu-Huxron T.H. Ovepru ncropull tcy.:rrryprt Corercxoro Y:6exucrana. M., 1955

2. I4c'ropw Ys6excxoil CCP.T.I. Kg.II.Taruxenr, I9563. Ys6excxa, CCP. 3nuuuone,qlry B oaHoM rorrre. Tauxeur, l98l4. Ko4upon M.X. Y:6ex xiulK ToMoIIla caHaaru. Tourxeu'r, 1981

5. \lcroput Typoreucxofi CCP.T.l. Kt.2.Ntrxa6aa, 19576. Vlcroput Kuprn:nu.T.I, @pyuoe, 1963

7 . Moziydan sado, 2010, Ns 2-3

65

Y′″:′συァ

'farix va onun problemlari, Ns 1. 2011

H}ICEET MEXTIIEBAnpobeccop Eaxuncxozo

f ocy d apcm6 e H Ho zo Vu ueepc ume ma,doxmop ucmop uqecKux HoyK

e-mail: ayten-69@ maiLru

I,ICKYCCTBO Y3EEKHCTAHA B HATIAJIE XX BEKA

I4:MeHeuHq, [polr3orueArxxe B [onr.rrrrqecxofi, gKoHoMurlecxofi u KynbrypHofi xusula Ys6e-KucraHa B HaqaJre XX nera, Taxxe 3arpoHynll c$epy llcryccrBa.

B Vs6erncrase .[eficrBoBaJrr.r uapogHufi rearp, npoSeccuouamurrfi u nro6uremcrufi rear-pbr, rearpbr Ha pyccKoM r.r TarapcKoM s3brKax, a TaKxe urlpK. B uapo,quona rnopuecrne ys6exon nec-

rrH, cKa3KH, 3nocbr t4T.E. r{rpaJrr{ cyuecrBeHHyro poJlb. KynrrypuuM cBs3rM flpeAaBanocb orpoMHoe3IIAqEHI-tC.

B c$epe apxuTeroyprr Yg6erucraHa HapoAHbre Macrepa 3aHIrMaJrH Be.4ylrlue Mecra. flpous-llor{c'rBo repeBflHHofi s ue,{sofi pesr6u, rruanruofi I,I KepaMurrecxofi flocy,qbl, pa3rllquoro Bu.{a rKaH}I

6uro urupoKo pac[pocrpaHeHo. HapoAuoe 3oAqecrBo, KoBpoBoAcrBo, [pou3BoAcrBo ]oBenupHblx Ir3-

)\enuit, xyAoxecrBeHHbre u31enufl 6run 6ecuenuu B Kar{ecrBe o6paruon HapoAHoro rBopqecrBa.Hapo4u Ys6exucraua o6naAa-nu cnoeo6parHbrMn 3JIeMeHTaMH no cBor.rM n.4efino-xyAoxecr-

BeHHbIM H HauHoHaJIbHbIM cnofictsalvl.

NISBET MEHDIYEVAprofessor of Baku State University,

doctor of historical sciencese-mail: ayten-69@ mail ru

Progress, occurred in political, economical and cultural spheres of Uzbekistan for the

beginning of XX'h century, exerted influence on the culture sphere.

There were the national theatre, the professional and the amateur ones, the theatres in russian

and tatar languages and the circus in Uzbekistan. The songs, the tales, the eposes and ets. played agreat part in the national works of uzbeks, kazakhs, kirghizs and turkmens. The cultural relations wereattached importance to.

The national masters took key places in the architecture sphere of Central Asia. The production

of the wooden and copper carving, the earthenware and ceramic dishes, various types of the fabricwere widely spread. The national works, the carpetware, the production of the jewelry wares, the art

wares were invaluable as the examples of the national works.The Uzbekistan peoples possessed the original elements for their ideological-art and national

qualities.

Raygi: te.d Oliyev 8,A., Le.d. A. MammadovBDU-nun Tark fakiiltasinin <Tiirk va Qafqaz xalqlart tarixi> kafedrannm jI yanvar 20Il-ci il

tarluli iclasmm qaran ila gapa maslahat gdrillmiisdilr (protokol Nt 4)