Local Government and field administration

Union or central Government

Legislative Executive Judiciary

Rajya Sabha

Lok Sabha

Parliament

Prime Minister

Council of Ministers

Supreme Court

Chief Justice of India

Other Judges of the Supreme Court

Legislative Judiciary

Vidhan Parishad

Vidhan Sabha

High Court

Chief Justice of High Court

Other Judges of the High Court

Subordinate or Lower courts

State Government

Executive

Chief Minister

Council of Ministers

Local Government

Urban Local Government

Zilla ParishadDistrict level

Panchayati Samitti

Gram Panchayat

Municipal Corporations

Municipal Councils

Nagar PanchayatsFor Semi urban areas.

Gram SabhaAll adults (18yrs above) of the

village

Municipal CorporationsFor big cities

Municipal CouncilsFor small cities

Local Government

Zilla ParishadDistrict level

Municipal CorporationsFor big cities

Zilla ParishadDistrict level

Municipal CouncilsFor small cities

Municipal CorporationsFor big cities

Zilla ParishadDistrict level

Panchayati Samitti

Gram Panchayat

Municipal CouncilsFor small cities

Municipal CorporationsFor big cities

Zilla ParishadDistrict level

Nagar PanchayatsFor Semi urban areas.

Panchayati Samitti

Gram Panchayat

Municipal CouncilsFor small cities

Municipal CorporationsFor big cities

Rural Local governmentPanchayati Raj system

Urban Local Government

Zilla ParishadDistrict level

Gram SabhaAll adults (18yrs above) of the

village

Panchayati Samitti

Gram Panchayat

Zilla ParishadDistrict level

A Gram Sabha consists of all the adults living in the area of a Gram Panchayat.

Gram Panchayat consists of members elected by the adult residents (Gram Sabha) of the village. It is headed by Sarpanch.

This is the middle level of the Panchayat Raj system or the Block Level. It is made up of few Gram Panchayats.

It is at the top of the Panchayat Raj system. It is at a district level. It is made up of few Panchayat Samitti’sor Blocks.

Local government

• 1. Local government is a government of the local people, by the local people and for the local people.

• 2. They are able to see the problems and give solutions to the problem of the local people.

• 3. The local government is the one closest to the people.

• 4. Local government is a government that works at the lowest level.

• Constitutional amendment that greatly influenced the organization and functioning of the local government

• The 73rd and the 74th Constitutional amendment acts 1992.

5 characteristics of the 73rd constitutional amendment.

• 1. India will have a 3 tier Panchayat Raj System – village, middle and district levels

• 2. Seats will be reserved for SC and ST.

• 3. 1/3rd of the seats will be reserved for women.

• 4. There will be direct elections every five years.

• 5. Gram Sabha will be established to take decisions.

• 6. State Finance commission will be established to improve the Panchayat finance.

• 7. State Election commission will be established to conduct elections.

• Which states /UT’s have not used the 73rd and 74th amendment in their legislation?

• Jammu and Kashmir, NCT Delhi and Uttaranchal.

• What is a Gram Sabha?• A Gram Sabha consists of all the adults living in the area of a

Gram Panchayat.

• The main functions of the Gram Sabha.

• 1. The Gram Sabha members elect Sarpanch of the Gram Panchayat.and the members –Panches of the Gram Panchayat.

• 2.They review the annual accounts of the Panchayat.

• 3. They discuss various reports.

• 4. They accept services and schemes for the Panchayat.

Gram Sabha

Gram Panchayat

• Gram Panchayat consists of members elected by the adult residents (Gram Sabha) of the village. It is headed by Sarpanch.

• 1. The Sarpanch is the head.

• 2. Deputy Sarpanch

• 3. 5 – 9 members called the Panches.

• 4. It is elected for 5 years.

• 5. Seats are also reserved for SC and ST.

• 6. 1/3rd seats are reserved for women.

Functions of the Gram Panchayat

• The welfare and development of the village is the responsibility of the Gram Panchayat.

• 1. Provide safe drinking water.• 2. Paving of streets.• 3. Sanitation and drainage.• 4. Maintenance and construction of roads.• 5. Street lighting• 6. Cleanliness of the village.

• Discretionary functions – i.e if they have funds and resources.• a. Tree plantation• b. setting up and maintaining sports grounds etc.

The sources of Income of the Gram Panchayats? (GTRFD)

• 1. Taxes on property, land, goods and cattle.

• 2. Fines of different types.

• 3. Grants from state and union government.

• 4. A part of land revenue collected by the state government.

• 5. Donations from villagers.

Panchayat Samiti

• This is the middle level of the Panchayat Raj system.

• It is made up of –

All Sarpanches,

MP’s, MLA’s and MLC’s,

Elected members of that block and

Some officers of that Block.

The functions of Panchayat Samaiti

• 1) To promote and coordinate different development

programs of their areas.

• 2) To prepare annual plans and budgets for their areas.

• 3) To implement some specific plans for their areas.

• 4) To look after the development works being done by Gram Panchayats.

• 5) To look after development in agriculture and irrigation facilities.

The sources of income of the Panchayat Samiti

(GTR)

• 1. Grants given by the State government.

• 2. Taxes.

• 3. A part of land revenue.

Zilla Parishad Functions

• 1. Provides essential service to rural population.

• 2. Plans and executes development programmes.

• 3. Supplies improved seeds and teaches farmers new methods in farming

• 4. Starts schools, libraries, markets in villages.

• 5. Starts primary health centres and hospitals in villages.

• 6. Plans for development of adivasis, SC/ST

• 7. Encourages Small scale industries, cottage industries, handicrafts, dairy farms etc.

The sources of income of the Zilla Parishad? (GTRIF)

• 1. Taxes, License fees, market fees.

• 2. A part of land revenue.

• 3. Income from different properties of the Zilla Parishad.

• 4. Grants from State and Central government.

• 5. Funds given by the state for development activities.

Urban Local Government

• The three urban local bodies.

• a) Municipal Corporations for the big cities.

• b) Municipal Council for cities with smaller population.

• c) Nagar Panchayats for semi urban areas.

The difference between PRI and the urban local bodies

• Under the PRI system all bodies are closely linked.

• While the urban local bodies are all independent.

The significant changes brought about by the 74th constitutional amendment

• The 74th Constitutional amendment brought significant changes in the structure and functioning of the urban local government.

• 1. Constitution of urban local bodies e.g. Municipal Corporation.

• 2. Constitution of ward Committee.

• 3. Constitution of state Finance Commission.

• 4. Constitution of District Planning Committee.

• 5. Regular and fair Municipal elections.

• 6. Representation of weaker sections i.e. Schedule caste, schedule tribe, women etc.

• 7. Functional responsibilities given to municipal ward committee.

Municipal Corporation

• 1. Municipal Corporations are established in big cities.

• 2. The councilors are elected for 5 years.

• 3. From the Councillors, the Mayor is elected.

• 4. 1/3rd seats are reserved for women.

• 5. Seats are also reserved for SC/ST.

• 6. The Municipal commissioner is the chief Executive officer(CEO).

• The state government appoints the Municipal commissioner.

• and in case of a Union Territory it is done by the Central government.

• The first citizen of the city- The Mayor.

the functions of the Municipal Corporations

• The main functions of the Municipal Corporations are as follows: (HEEP-BD)

• 1. Health and Sanitation• 2. Electricity and Water Supply.• 3. Education.• 4. Public Works like construction of roads.• 5. Birth and Death records.

• 6. Discretionary functions– a. Entertainment– b. Cultural– c. Sports Activity– d. Welfare services

Functions of a Mayor

• a. Preside over meetings of the corporations.

• b. Act as a link between the Councillors and the state government.

• c. Receive foreign dignitaries visiting the city.

The sources of income of the Municipal Corporations (GTR OC)

• 1. Income from taxes

• 2. Water supply charges, Electricity charges, toll taxes and other fees.

• 3. Grants from state and central government.

• 4. Income from rents.

Municipal Council

• Cities which do have small population have municipal councils.

• 1. Every Municipal council has councilors who are elected by the adult voters of the city.

• 2. The councilors are elected for 5 years.

• 3. A chairperson or President of the municipal council is elected from among the Councillors.

• 4. The Municipal council also has a Executive officer who is appointed by the state government, who looks after the day to day work and the administration.

• 5. Other important officers are the health officer, the Tax superintendent, civil engineer, etc.

The Functions of the Municipal Council are as follows:

• 1. Health and sanitation.

• 2. Electricity and Water supply.

• 3. Education.

• 4. Public works.

• 5. Birth and Death records.

The sources of Income of the Municipal Council

• 1. Taxes.

• 2. Rents and Fees/charges

• 3. Grants

• 4. Fines.

Nagar Panchayat

• An urban centre with more than 30,000 and less than 100,000 people has a Nagar Panchayat.

• 1. It has a Chairperson

• 2. Ward members –

ten elected

and three nominated.

The functions of the Nagar Panchayat

• 1. Cleanliness of the city

• 2. Supply of drinking water

• 3. Public facilities like street lights, parking spaces etc.

• 4. Setting up fire services.

• 5. Birth and death records

The sources of Income of the Nagar PanchayatsGTRF

• 1. Taxes: water tax, house tax, toll tax.

• 2. Fees: License fees, etc.

• 3. Rents

• 4. Grants from state government.

District Administration• Every district also has an administrative

machinery.

• In every district there are sub districts and Block Talukas.

• The key officials at the district level are :-

• 1. District Collector

• 2. Superintendent of Police.

• 3. District Education officer.

• 4. District Agriculture officer

• 5. District Forest Officer, etc.

District Administration

District Collector

Superintendent of Police.

District Agriculture officer

District Forest Officer

The role of District collector is very important; he/she belongs to the Indian Administrative Service.

• 1. He represents the government in the district.

• 2. He maintains law and order.

• 3. He listens to the people’s complaints and tries to solve them.

• 4. He supervises smooth running of projects.

• 5. He supervises supply of essential goods.

• 6. During emergencies like floods, earthquakes etc. he takes full charge of all rescue operations.

• 7. He manages the collection of revenue and taxes.

• 8. He ensures conduct of free and fair elections.

Sub Divisional Officer

• 1. Each district is divided into smaller units called Sub divisions.

• 2. The officer in charge of the sub division is called the Sub Divisional Officer.

• 3. The SDO assists the district collector in the field of administration.

• 4. The SDO belongs to the IAS or the state civil Service.

• 5. He keeps land records and collects land revenues.

• 6. He authorizes driving licenses, Domicile certificates.

Block Development Officer or the BDO.

• The Block is the unit of administration at the lowest level. The officer in charge is called the Block Development Officer or the BDO.

• 1. The BDO supervises development in the block.

• 2. He checks and prepares budget.

• 3. He keeps records.

• 4. He is the secretary of the Panchayat.

• 5. He is helped by officers e.g. Agriculture officer and fisheries officer.

• 6. He takes special projects for SC and ST.