nimh handbook and app manual

7/30/2019 NiMH Handbook and App Manual

1/15

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Energi

2010Conten

kel Medbook and

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Energizer Thists herein do not c

Contents

Introduction

BatteryDescription

DischargingCharacteristics

ChargingCharacteristics

Storage

Device DesignConsiderations

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Disposal andRecycling

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troductie number of pos grown tremenich battery to b

ovide a better udride (NiMH) bansumer.

ny battery appliat require largearacteristics ofyers.

rly AA NiCd rectteries. Howeve

tteries at low drmeras).

e true advantagtteries can be rtteries in total schargeable NiMund in the home

me of the adva

Energyfor the

Eliminatconcern

Simplifiedesign s

Greater-20C.

pical Applicati

e nickel-metal hctronic productrchase decision.

istory of NiMH

ckel-metal hydri

chnology with thhile this substitud volume and eldride battery istween the two

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nal purposes only.es or performance

ntable battery opdously. Consumuy for these devderstanding oftteries, their us

cations are wellmounts of eneriMH batteries.

argeable batteri, the latest AA

ain rates and ca

e of NiMH battecharged hundrervice over theirbatteries a cosor office.

tages of the nic

ensity which caattery.

ion of the constrover cadmium

d incorporationimilarities betwe

service advanta

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ydride battery iswhere battery

Batteries

e batteries are

e substitution otion increases thiminates the cauite similar to tattery types. (

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suited to be pogy and are usedxamples of thes

es provided appiMH batteries p

surpass alkalin

ies can be founds of times, potlifetime. Howeveffective power

kel-metal hydrid

n be translated i

aints on batterytoxicity.

into products cuen the two che

e over other pri

currently findinerformance par

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a hydrogen-abse batterys electmium which raihe nickel-cadmiable 1) compar

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ered by NiMH rfrequently are

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in the cycle lifntially allowing

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e battery are:

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manufacture, u

rrently using nicistries.

mary battery ty

g widespread apameters, notabl

tension of the p

orbing negativerical capacity (mes toxicity concm product. Mas key design fe

citation to authori

echargeable batell matched toinclude digital c

of the capacityately 75% of th

n high drain app

(reuse after chthem to be equilimited to 5 yea

y frequently use

un times or red

age, and dispos

kel cadmium bat

es at low temp

plication in thosy run time, are a

roven sealed nic

electrode for theasured in amperns, the remainy application patures between

NickelVersio

ty.

eries. In generahe performance

ameras, GPS uni

f alkaline non-rcapacity of alka

lications (i.e. dig

rging). Typicallalent to hundre

rs or less. This cd battery operat

ction in the spa

al imposed beca

teries because o

rature extremes

high-end portamajor consider

kel-cadmium ba

cadmium-basere-hours) for a

der of the nickelrameters are littattery chemistri

Metal Hydriden: NiMH01.11

Page 1 of 15

l, devices

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chargeableline AA

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NiMHds of alkalinean makeed devices

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f the many

operating at

bletion in the

tery

d electrode.given weight-metalle changedes.


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Introduction

BatteryDescription



Storage


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tal HydApplicatio

ufacturing Inc.


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Comparison of

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Charging 0Discharging 0

scription

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NiMH vs. Lithi

1.25V vs

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veral hundred cN/A for lithiu

Both relatively

MH retains 50-8ithium retains 8

Lithium better

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AA-AAA Nickel-

ed hundreds ofharges.city than nickel-

2 to 5 years.range of temperto 50 C

C to 50 C

emistry is a hyergy storage fe

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. 1.5V

s long as primargle cycle)

ycles for NiMH,m primary

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% @ 6 months% @ 15 years

than NiMH

lighter

ns availabled lithium

etal Hydride, P

imes.

admium batteri

atures:

rid of the proveatures of metale-limited batteryterized electrica

citation to authori

Ni

y NiMH lasts llight drai

Several hN/A f

NiM

NiMH retaiAlkaline r

NiMH

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Recyclfor NiM

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n positive electrlloys developeddesign results il and physical d

NickelVersio

ty.

MH vs. Alkaline

.25V vs. 1.5V

nger in high dran devices than a

ndred cycles foor alkaline prim

is flat vs. slopfor alkaline

ns 50-80% @ 6etains 80% @ 7

better than alka

kaline is lighter

ing options availH and some alk

nd Alkaline

de chemistry offor advanced hbatteries provi

sign features o


Page 2 of 15

in, less inlkaline

NiMH,ry

d

monthsyears

line

ableline

the sealeddrogeningthe sealed


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Contents

Introduction

BatteryDescription



Storage


are and Handli


tal HydApplicatio

ufacturing Inc.


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ig. 2) Schematic

sitive Electr o

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of the nickel-mn for use as anat could capturselection of theion and releaseig. 2) where theure. The metal h

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of Metal-Alloy S

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ydride positivere economical apresent standa

en the positived in (Fig. 3). Thive will reach fulative electrodederate overcha

ectrode Balance

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ge currents.

During Dischar

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ry negative eley source in theydrogen in voluts and proportioed at room temydrogen atom ishas a theoretica result, nickel-ivalent nickel-ca

iMH Negative E

draws heavily oiting excellent helectrode is pa

ctrodes is adjuse negative electthe battery is cbined. This oxy

ge/Charge/Over

citation to authori

trode emanated1970s. Certainmes up to nearlns, the thermodperatures. The gshown absorbel capacity >40

metal hydride bdmium battery.

lectrode

experience witigh-rate performted and include

ed so that the brode possessesharged. It thengen recombinati

charge

NickelVersio

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from researchetallic alloys wa thousand tim

ynamics could beneral result isinto the interst

ercent higher ttteries provide

h nickel-cadmiuance, long cyclea Ni-foam carri

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Page 4 of 15

n there observedes their ownbalanced to

hownices of anan thenergy

electrodes.life, ander.

positive-y than thegen gas thaticient way of


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Contents

Introduction

BatteryDescription



Storage


are and Handli


tal HydApplicatio

ufacturing Inc.


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esigns with menegative terminc insulating wrapplications. Nicin (Fig. 4). Thecapable of recg pressure equiarger combinatited faster thanevent battery rent can carry el

battery is gene

able voltage for

duct designer isactual run timeoften perform

a battery ratingstandard batteritioned battery

citation to authori

a 20% to 40%erformance.

olation betweenlefin.

ion shown in (Fieries. The basicwiched electrodte.

tallic cases and tal for the batterper shrunk oveel-metal hydridickel-metal hydmbining gases flibrium within thns for the oper

it can be recompture. The ventectrolyte, which

ally well suited

extended perio

usually the runin the product

d using rated cais established ay rating, often aubjected to a c

NickelVersio

ty.

eight % solutio

the electrodes

g. 1), which is scomponents cons are wound to

ops that are elewhile the top ithe case to probatteries conta

ride battery is dormed during ove battery. Howeting environmeined. In such careseals once thmay form crysta

o the needs of t

s of operations,

time available uis vital prior to fipacities. Designd the impact of

bbreviated as C,nstant-current


Page 5 of 15

n of alkaline

hile still

imilar to thatsist of theether and

tricallythe positive

videin asigned soerchargeer, in casest, it isses thepressure is

ls or rust

odays

or high rate

nder anal adoptionrs shoulddifferencesis theischarge at


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Contents

Introduction

BatteryDescription



Storage


are and Handli


tal HydApplicatio

ufacturing Inc.


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ny charge andvarying battery

ternal Resista

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e graph below (charge with a 1

uld typically bereased as you c

ig. 5) Calculated

ltage During

e discharge voltnditions, notablrve retains the f

ape of Discha

typical dischargtial drop from a

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after being opti

pend on the disd at a dischargll capacity.

ischarge paramsizes and capaci

nce

e a relatively lorea of the elect

IR of fresh, fullystay relatively c

Fig. 5) shows th0 mA pulse ever

seen in a lowerycle the battery

IR

ischarge

age profile, in adischarge tem

lat plateau desir

rge Curve

profile for a baopen-circuit vo

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ally charged. S

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eters are normaties is often ide

internal resistrodes. The lowcharged NiMHnstant until nea

e calculated IR (y 6 minutes. Th

operating voltagbased on age a

dition to the traerature and disble for electron

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ince battery cap

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nce (IR) due toattery IR allowsatteries is typicr end of life wh

change in voltaIR of NiMH bat

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nsient effects diharge rate. Hoics applications.

at the 5-hour raately 1.4 volts

citation to authori

acity varies inve

al hydride battertery in five hours

te since batteryared on the C b

the wound consNiMH batterieslly less than 50re it will rise sh

e change in cteries will increa

gher voltage dur

scussed above, iever, under mo

te (the 0.2C ratto the 1.2 volt p

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rsely with the di

ies, the rated c. Up to five cycl

performance witasis.

truction, enhanto have excellenmilliohms. Durirply.

urrent) during ase with age and

ing charge. IR i

s affected by ent conditions the

) is shown in (Flateau occurs ra


Page 6 of 15

charge rate,

pacity ises are

hin a family

ed contactst high rateg discharge,

750 mAuse. This

also

vironmentalvoltage

ig. 6). Theidly.


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Storage


are and Handli


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ufacturing Inc.


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A primary battere the voltage did-point voltagpproximation to

ffects

onmental influeischarge rate. Aect the nickel-ms, will reduce th

oltage Variation

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NiMH Battery

ries, the nickel-ops quickly. As(MPV - the voltaverage voltag

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citation to authori

ttery exhibits a she flatness of thrcent of the avaidischarge.

f the voltage prations from rooile. However maining the gener

There is no signe beginning and

NickelVersio

ty.

harp "knee" at te plateau and tlable capacity is

file are the disctemperature (

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Page 7 of 15

he end ofe symmetrydischarged)

harge10oC) do

speciallyoltage

the shape ofs consume a


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Storage


are and Handli


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ig. 8)Voltage Pr

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fect of Tempe

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profile, the cadischarge and

e charge/discharturned to it fromature

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Storage


are and Handli


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ufacturing Inc.


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date, the onlymparing the elepacity remainin

emory/ Voltag

ain, this is no losigners of devicutinely partiallys been reportede severity of thisfect is generallye nickel-metal h

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Measurement

or users of portnt some form ofor measuringarge rates, andely determine st

orm of state-of-trical flows duri.

Depression

nger a concern.s, using nickel-ischarged, a dewhen the dischproblem in nick

agreed to be indride battery,

nation

ential for irreverbattery prior to tough a total discre caused by th

int both electronting as well as

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ble electronics if "fuel gauge" ttate-of-chargedue to dependeate-of-charge.

harge sensing fng charge and d

The issue of "madmium batteripression in therge extends froel-cadmium batthe structure ofemory is no lon

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es are reverseirreversible da

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, substantial hyage.

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ntly give reasonlf discharge com

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ed to rechargeneed to charg

ss of the voltagers, voltage sen

able results is cpensation to ind

s a concern forickel-cadmiumximately 150 mely discharged ztations, the souelimination of c

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tion occurs, whi


Page 9 of 15

theiragain. Aplateauing cannot

ulometryicate the

manyatteries areper battery

ones. Whilerce of theadmium in

, removal offor a11). Thepacity in the

ch may


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Storage


are and Handli


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ufacturing Inc.


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oltage Cutof f

rmally discharglt per battery nog-term discharange in shape i9V/battery cutofason, a better c

charge rate. Nonsiderations of

ere may be endme potential ad

cle Life

ny factors canmperature, depter discharge, stich can lead toal controlled corld use, the facperienced.

hargingoper charging ofarging balancesprolonging life.r additional infor

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arm to the battcomplicate the spplications.

t High Rates

cutoff is basedminal mid-pointe for individualthe voltage curmay be premaoice for voltage

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ffect NiMH (chah of discharge,rage conditions,

activation of thenditions, up to oors mentioned a

haracterinickel-metal hythe need for quiIn addition, a semation on charg

kel-metal hydridrging can cause

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are and Handli


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typical behaviorcharge control iarge control sh

up on initial chthe battery reacrocess is exotherve. When theerted to heat, tat during the chat the C rate thlt in physical da

g Battery Pressu

in the nickel-mough the upper

Charge Rate on

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ally in overcharithout a safety

ith rising tempen (Fig. 13).

NickelVersio

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and oxygen rec

nt gases must

at the C rate. Tracteristics use

harging until fullually trends dogiving a positivelectrical ener

ttery pressure,e as greater quent, uncontrolle

ature beginning


Page 11 of 15

ombination

e properly

hese curvesto

charge isn.

e slope toy input towhichntities of

d charging at

below 20C


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Page 12 of 15

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13/15

NiHa

Energi

2010Conten

kel Medbook and

zer Battery Man


Contents

Introduction

BatteryDescription



Storage


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tal HydApplicatio

ufacturing Inc.


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Page 13 of 15

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14/15

NiHa

Energi

2010Conten

kel Medbook and

zer Battery Man


Contents

Introduction

BatteryDescription



Storage


are and Handli


tal HydApplicatio

ufacturing Inc.


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Page 14 of 15

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15/15

NiHa

Energi

2010Conten

kel Medbook and

zer Battery Man


Contents

Introduction

BatteryDescription



Storage


are and Handli


tal HydApplicatio

ufacturing Inc.


T

Cco

ST

Pl1-

g

ride (NiManual

| 800-383-732


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Page 15 of 15

achines are:

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nimh handbook and app manual

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