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Contingency Planning for Oil Spill Response

Nilay MeshramSuptdg. Engineer (Environment)

Corporate HSE, ONGC, New Delhi

Contents

� Oil Spill Contingency Planning Guidelines by Indian Coast Guard for

Oil & Gas Industry

� Tiered Concept of Oil Spill Response

� Elements of Oil Spill Contingency Plan

� ONGC’s Oil Spill Response Capabilities

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Need for Oil Spill Contingency Planning

� Oil spills will continue to occur as long as society depends on

petroleum and its products

� Sustainable development

need of the hour

� ONGC being responsible corporate is committed to protect fragile

marine environment by:

� Minimizing risk of occurrence of oil spill

� Rapidly containing & recovering spilled oil and

� Effectively rehabilitating affected resources

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Why Oil Spill Combatment is necessary

Oil Spill on sea do not respect national

boundaries - travel far to

international destinations

Spill on sea reduces sunlight penetration to marine life and poses threat to their existence

Act as sink for atmospheric CO2 fixation

Stipulations of Merchant

Shipping Act , MoEFCC & provisions of NOSDCP.

International requirements through various

conventions / Treaties / IMO

Coastline of India 5500 km on the mainland & 2000 km on its offshore islands

Coastal area is known for - Vast network of backwatersEstuaries,Creeks, Lagoons ,Mangroves and coral reefs.

The country is blessed with beaches & Recorded more than 5000 species of marine flora & fauna

12 major ports 200 minor/Interim/ Small Ports

350 to 400 MMT crude oil is transported along the route through 2500-3000 tankers

Considering the large volume of oil transportation at high rate – probability of tanker accident is very high

Need for Oil Spill Contingency Planning

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Oil Spill Contingency Planning in India

� International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and

Co-operation (OPRC)

� Adopted on 30 Nov 1990 at London

� Objectives:-

� To facilitate international co-operation and mutual assistance for Oil Spill

Response

� States to develop and maintain adequate capability to deal with oil

pollution

� To comply with OPRC / UNCLOS convention, National OilSpill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS-DCP) was prepared byIndian Coast Guard.

� Apex plan for responding to oil spill disasters in Indian waters

� Prepared by Indian Coast Guard in July 1996 and updated in1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006 and 2015

� The plan brings together the combined resources of

� Government of India,

� State Governments,

� Shipping, Ports and Oil Industries.

� Director General Coast Guard (DGCG) is the CentralCoordinating Authority (CCA) for combating oil spills in IndianWater

Oil Spill Contingency Planning in India

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� Delineates the duties and responsibilities of each participating agency

� Gives information on pollution response equipment held by agencies.

� Promotes development of Regional and Local Contingency Plans in the fiveCoast Guard Regions, various ports, oil companies and coastal states.

� The plan demand agencies to maintain:-

� An Oil Spill Contingency Plan

� Oil Spill Response Equipment

� Trained Manpower

NOS-DCP

Tiered Response System

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•The most mild, causing localized damage usually near the company's own facilities

•Mostly a result of the company's own activities

Tier 1

• larger than a Tier 1 spill, but is still one that occurs in the area of the producing company's facilities

•usually require the aid of other companies and resources, including the government

Tier 2 •the most severe; they cannot be contained with the resources of the producing company

•require substantial external resources to deal with them.

Tier 3

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Tiered concept for Oil Spill Response

International Capability GROUP THREE

GROUP TWO

GROUP ONE

The Organisation of the National Framework

Industry Concept of Tiered Response

TIER THREE

TIER TWO

TIER ONE

Multi-National or Regional Capability

National Capability

AreaCapability

Local Capability

Upto 700 tons

700 to 10000 tons

Beyond 10000 tons

National Pollution Response Areas

5 Regions & 14 districts headed by District commanders

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Combat agencies for Oil Spills in India

Source / Location Combat Agency

At oil terminals /

Refineries

The relevant oil company or

terminal operator. If response is

beyond its resources, responsibility

transfers to statutory agency

In ports The port authority or responsible

state government authority

Within shoreline & in

intertidal zones

Coastal State Government

Beyond baseline Indian Coast Guard

Spill from offshore

petroleum operations

The relevant oil company with

assistance from statutory agency

Source / Location Combat Agency

At oil terminals /

Refineries

The relevant oil company

or terminal operator. If

response is beyond its

resources, responsibility

transfers to statutory

agency

In ports The port authority or

responsible state

government authority

Within shoreline &

in intertidal zones

Coastal State Government

Beyond baseline Indian Coast Guard

Spill from offshore

petroleum

operations

The relevant oil company

with assistance from

statutory agency

Risk categorization of Oil Installations

Offshore Oil Installations are to be equipped for responding to Tier – 1 level of oil spilland up to 500 meters of the installation

Risk Category DescriptionSuper `A’ Operating more than five offshore platforms in one area

AOffshore E&P Installations for crude oil

FPSO

Ship / platform involved in ship to ship crude oil transfer

B Vessel / platform involved in drilling operations

C Only gas based E&P Ops / LNG / Naptha

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Tier -1 OSR resources for risk category of oil installations

Description Risk Category

Equipment

Super A A B CInflatable Boom in meters ϯ 2000 1000 600 600Skimmer (20 TPH) 4 4 2 2OSD Applicator (no.) 6 2 2 2Oil Spill Dispersant (liters) 10,000 5,000 3,000 3,000Flex Barge 10 Tons (no.) # 4 2 - -Booms sustainable in strong currents, if current within 4 knots (meters / Nos.)

400 / 2 400 / 2 - -

Sorbent boom pack (meters) 500 200 200 200Sorbent pads (no.) 2000 1000 1000 1000ShorelineCleanupEquipment

Mini vacuum pumps 5 4 - -

- - - -

Portable temporary storage facility

5 4 - -

Shoreline sealing boom (meters) 400 - - -

Vessel Work Boats 2 1 - 1

MSV / OSV / Tugs 2 1 1 -

Manpow

er

IMO Level 1 10 6 2 2

IMO Level 2 4 2 - -

Other 10 10 5 5

Hierarchy of contingency plans

National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan by Headquarters, ICG

Regional Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan by Regional Headquarters of ICG

District Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan for Coastal States by District Headquarters of ICG

Local or State Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan for Shoreline Cleanup by Coastal State

Facility Plan by Ships, Ports, Oil Installations near shore and Offshore Oil Installations

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Oil spill emergency organogram

SITE INCIDENT

CONTROLLER

Mutual Aid

Support Services Administration and Communication Coordinator

Fire Safety and Fire Team HSE Coordinator

Operation Team, Technical Team etc.

Affected Stake holders and Government Authorities

Municipal transport rescues and rehabilitation team

Fire Brigade Services

PoliceServices

National

Coordinator MedicalServices andAmbulances

CHIEF INCIDENT

CONTROLLER

Elements of Oil Spill Contingency Planning

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Contingency

Planning

Oil Spill Risk Assessment

Behavior / fate of oil

Environmental considerations

Monitoring, Assessment

and Evaluation

Surveillance & tracking of oil

at sea

Strategies for OSR

Proper Oil Spill Risk Assessment is to be

carried out

Aerial survey, Oil spill modelingis the most common way ofmonitoring the moment of oilspill.

Environmental considerationsESI mapping (mangroves,nestling grounds, beaches,industry etc.)

• Can be done visually or remote sensing.• Calculation of the slick area - by flying

lengthwise & widthwise• Determining the thickness of oil by

observing its color.

� If sea condition permits go forcontainment & recovery.

� If conditions do not permit thensensitive areas and other resourcesbe protected by deploying the sealingbooms.

� Dispersant spraying.

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Elements of the Oil Spill Contingency Plan

Part – I: Strategy 1. Introduction ( Scope and geographical coverage )

2. Risk Assessment ( worst case scenario & oil spill trajectory )3. Response Strategy ( Roles & Responsibilities, spill response plan )4. Equipment5. Management6. Communication

Part – II: Action & Operations7. Initial procedures

8. Operations planning9. Control of operations10.Termination of operations

Part – III: Data DirectoryAll the data required to support an oil spill response efficiently

( Important telephone nos., Location maps, wind speed & direction, cleaning techniques, disposal methods, OSR equipment, formats

for oil spill reporting, List of units registered with MoEF etc. )

Potential sources of Oil Spill

Rupture of Main oil lines /Flow Lines / Hoses

Natural calamity (Earthquake/Tsunamietc.)

Tanker Grounding or Collision

Blow-out during drilling

Terrorist attack

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Oil spill trajectory prediction & weathering studies

� Hydrodyn-OILSOFT software

� Inputs to the software:-� oil characteristics, � bathymetry, � hydrological parameters � meteorlogical parameters� oil leak location and � spill quantity

� Outputs of software:-� trajectory of spill, � losses, � time taken to reach coast/open boundaries, � amount of oil on surface, � % of oil reaching the coast, � oiling in the coast and � landing locations

Oil spill trajectory prediction & weathering studies

Oil Spill trajectory due to continuous leakage of crude oil from the rupture in trunkline at location PRP -1

(June 2012)

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Month

Spill quantity

(tons) of crude oil

(in 36 hours)

Losses (tons) Time taken to

reach coast /open

boundaries

(hours)

Amount of

oil on

surface

(tones)

% of oil reaching to

the coast/domain

boundaries

Oiling in

the coast

(m).

Landing Location

January 14100 m3 8000 190 4000 28.36 70000Reaches the coast near Mumbai,

Uran,Alibag, Kashid and Diveagar

February 14100 m3 9500 290 3000 21.27 0Towards Arabian sea in south

direction

March 14100 m3 8000 140 4500 31.91 50000Reaches the coast near

Uran,Alibag, Kashid and Diveagar

April 14100 m3 8000 180 4000 28.36 80000Reaches the coast near

Nalasopara and Dahanu

May 14100 m3 8000 190 4000 28.36 60000Reaches the coast near Dahanu

and Daman

June 14100 m3 8000 200 6100 43.26 23000Reaches the coast near

Daman,Vansi Gam and Hazira

Oil spill trajectory prediction & weathering studies

ONGC’s Oil Spill Response resources

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Bombay

High

Bassein

& Satellite

Neelam

& Heera

Mumbai

Western Offshore Fields of ONGC

ONGC’s Offshore Operations (West Coast)

• 14 Process complexes

• 203 Well head platforms

• 2 FPSO

• 41 Drilling rigs

• 70+ OSV / PSV / MSV / AHTS

• Pipeline network

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ONGC’s Tiered OSR Capability

� Tier – I - Own OSR facilities

� Tier – II - With Support from Indian Coast Guard

� Tier – III - International Membership of M/s OSRL

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Tier – 1 OSR facilities of ONGC

MSV HAL Anant

MSV Seamec – I

MSV Samudra Sevak

MSV Seamec - II

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Oil Containment Booms

S.N Vessel Type Length

1. SamudraSevak

Heavy duty Oil Boom HDB 1500Make: Lamor

500 mtrs.

2. HalAnant Heavy Duty Oil Boom DH 10Y -2Make:Canadyne

500 mtrs.

3. Seamec -II

Seacurtain Compactable Oil spillcontainment boomMake: Kepner Plastics Fabricators

500 mtrs.

4. Seamec -I

Flash Boom Model no. 12-24.22(Self inflating boom)Make:Canadyne

500 mtrs.

Skimmers

S.N. Vessel Item Capacity

1. SamudraSevak

Brush skimmerMake: Lamor

150 m3 / hr(3 x 50)

2. Hal Anant Multi disc skimmerMake:Canadyne

11 m3 / hr

3. Seamec - II Brush SkimmerMake: lamor

150 m3 / hr

4. Seamec - I Brush skimmerMake: Lamor

150 m3 / hr(3 x 50)

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Dispersant Spray System

S.N

Vessel Capacity

1 SamudraSevak

60 ltrs/min

2 HALAnant 80 ltrs/min

3 SamudraPrabha

50 ltrs/min

4 Seamec-II 150 ltrs/min

5 Seamec - I 118 ltrs/min

Oil Spill Dispersant (NOVA) available with ONGC – 14,065 ltrs

Preparation & Deployment – Samudra Sevak

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Containment & Recovery

Any large oil spill is contained with oil

containment boom

The oil is then recovered to vessel’s identified tank using skimmer and pump

• Funding Tier-1 Oil Spill Response facility for Mumbai & JNPT Ports with other POC’s(BPCL, HPCL, IOC,Tata Power, RIL, CTTL,Aegis Logistics)

• established by MbPT in February 2015

• Contract awarded to M/s Sadhav Shipping @ Rs. 27.84 crores for five years

• ONGC ‘s share is 41.5 %

• ONGC’s Uran Plant and Nhava Supply Base are covered by this facility

• MOU with Cairn Energy & RIL

for pooling of resources at East Coast.

Jawahardeep

Uran Plant

Nhava Supply Base

ONGC - Leader in OSR Management

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� ONGC is a participant member of M/s Oil Spill Response Ltd., UK since 1999

� Agreement between ONGC & OSRL for combating major oil spill of Tier – III level

� Yearly Membership fee (Band-4 – depending on company’s production)

� Nearest Base at Singapore

� Benefits:

� Guaranteed and immediate response, 24/7

� Logistic support with own aircraft for transport of equipment

� Specialized oil recovery equipment

� Well Trained manpower

ONGC - Leader in OSR Management

ONGC has developed Oil Spill Contingency Plan for both the Coast.

Regularly participating in Oil Spill Drills conducted by Indian Navy & ICG.

1. Prasthan – Oil spill & Fire Fighting Exercise

2. NATPOLREX - National Level oil spill Exercise by Indian Coast Guard(Participated in all the NATPOLREX )

3. Internal Oil Spill Drills

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ONGC - Leader in OSR Management

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Conclusion

� Contingency Plans need to be tested, validated and continually updated.

� Oil spill response equipment should be commensurate to anticipatedrisk.

� International practice i.e. response is by oil companies’ co-operative orby OSROs (Oil Spill Response Organizations).

� Timely Response andTrained manpower is the key to success.

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Thanks