niih examination date noticefunction, differential count, leucopoiesis and leukemia. blood...
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NIIH Examination Date Notice
The NIIH Examination Date has been finalised for 19th March 2019.
The examination will be conducted in Mumbai. The Hall tickets will be
released by next week.
Please Note that the exam related schedule and rules are under control of NIIH and they preserve
the rights to change/modify the same as per circumstances faced.
National Institute of Immunohaematology Syllabus Document
Post Name - Technical Assistant
Syllabus: Life Science/ Microbiology/Immunology/ Biotechnology/ Biochemistry:
Immunology (20 Questions)
Emphasis on principal and uses/application ,Immunity –Basic principles and classification, Antigen,
Antibody (Immunoglobulin’s), Complement system, Antigen – Antibody reactions, Hypersensitivity-
classification & different skin tests used for diagnosis., Immunodeficiency diseases including AIDS –in
brief, Autoimmunity – Basic concept, Immuno-prophylaxis & Immunization schedule, Vaccines-
classification & uses.
General Characters of viruses, Classification in brief and name of the diseases they produce.,
Hepatitis viruses, HIV, (Polio, Rabies, Rata, Measles, Dengue) - Oncogenic viruses in brief, Collection
and transport of virological specimens - Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections (various methods of
virus culture, serology etc.)
Widal test and preparation of Salmonella antigens, VDRI Test, Latest agglutination tests for (RA, CRP,
ASO, Pregnancy Test, Australia Antigen, Toxoplasmosis) ELISA test RIA Test, Get diffusion techniques
and ,Immuno electro phoresis, Detection of Antigen / Antibody for Malarial (ICT), Optimal Test,
Assay of immunoglobulins
Biotechnology (20 Questions)
1. Bioinformatics: Introduction to Bioinformatics, Scope of bioinformatics, bioinformatics and the internet, useful bioinformatics and sites on the www, data explosion, sequencing DNA,RNA and proteins
2. Centrifugation: Principle of centrifugation. Rotor design and selection. Preparative centrifugation - differential, rate-zonal, isopycnic, equilibrium isodensity centrifugation with applications. Density gradient centrifugation – nature of gradient, formation, sample
3. Application and collection. Column Chromatography: Principle, working and applications of GC, affinity, ion exchange, gel permeation, HPLC
4. Details of enzymes involved in gene cloning and their mode of action: Restriction endonucleases - types, nomenclature, target sites, nature of cut ends, host control restriction and modification, star activity, isoschizomers, application of RE
5. Application of recombinant DNA technology: Diagnosis of genetic diseases – Sickle cell anaemia; Gene therapy – somatic and germ line gene therapy, Commercial products – insulin
6. Mutation Terminology: alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, Somatic mutation, Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome mutation,
7. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution, transition, transversion, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic mutations.
8. Transcription - mechanism of RNA transcription: Initiation, elongation and termination; processing of t RNA, r RNA, mRNA (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)- concept of split genes, reverse transcription. Role of Inhibitor- Rifampicin , Actinomycin D
9. Translation (protein biosynthesis)– Genetic code, mechanism of translation: Activation of amino acids, chain initiation, elongation & termination: Post translational modifications of proteins
Biochemistry (20 Questions)
Fundamentals of analytical bio-chemistry and instrumentation. 1. Clinical enzymology – Diagnostic enzymes, Iso-zymes. 2. Fundamentals of Analytical Bio-chemistry & Instrumentation - Analytical balance - Centrifuges - Colorimeter and spectrophotometer - Flame photometer - Auto analyzers - Chromatography - Electrophoresis Chromatography Principle, Technique and Applications of the following kinds of chromatography :
Partition chromatography ( Paper), Adsorption Chromatography (TLC and column); Ion exchange
chromatography and Gel filtration Principles of GLC, HPLC, Affinity chromatography
1. pH and BufferspH meter and Glass electrode
2. Blood related diseases Iron deficiency anemia. Sickle cell anemia. Thalassemia
3. Amino acid and protein metabolism
4. Electrophoresis -Principle ; Factors affecting the rate of migration of sample in an electric field Supporting media – paper, cellulose acetate, agar, agarose and polyacrylamide Discontinuous electrophoresis – Native PAGE Applications of electrophoresis - Separation of proteins and Nucleic acids with one staining method for each; molecular weight determination
Life Science (20 Questions) 1. Carbohydrates - Catabolism 1. Glycolysis – process and metabolic regulation 2. Citric Acid Cycle –
a) Process and regulation. b) Importance as a central amphibolic pathway unifying all primary biological processes.
2. Leukocytes: Total count, differential count and variation in number, types of leukocytes and function, Differential count, Leucopoiesis and Leukemia. Blood coagulation and lymph: Formation of blood platlets (Thrombopoiesis), clotting mechanism, Bleeding and clotting time, anticoagulants, failure of clotting mechanism.
3. Hybridoma technology: Somatic cell fusion, somatic cell genetics, production & applications of monoclonal antibodies
4. DNA finger printing: PCR, Southern blotting, RFLP; application in forensic sciences, parenthood testing etc.
5. Normal human karyotype: Karyotype preperation& banding techniques, band numbering scheme, human genome sequencing & human genome project.
Microbiology (20 Questions)
History of Microbiology, Microbes and their classification , Study of different , microscopes,
Morphology of bacteria, Motional requirements of bacteria, Preparation and uses of culture media,
Culture methods and identification of bacteria Sterilization and Disinfection
Post Name – Technician C
Syllabus: Life Science/ Microbiology/Immunology/ Biotechnology/ Biochemistry:
Immunology (20 Questions)
Immunity –Basic principles and classification, Antigen, Antibody (Immunoglobulin’s), Complement
system,
General Characters of viruses, Classification in brief and name of the diseases they produce.,
Hepatitis viruses, HIV, (Polio, Rabies, Rata, Measles, Dengue) - Oncogenic viruses in brief, Collection
and transport of virological specimens - Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections (various methods of
virus culture, serology etc.)
Widal test and preparation of Salmonella antigens, VDRI Test, Latest agglutination tests for (RA, CRP,
ASO, Pregnancy Test, Australia Antigen, Toxoplasmosis) ELISA test RIA Test, Get diffusion techniques
and Immuno electro phoresis, Detection of Antigen / Antibody for Malarial (ICT), Optimal Test, Assay
of immunoglobulins
Biotechnology (20 Questions)
1. Mutation Terminology: alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, Somatic mutation, Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome mutation,
2. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution, transition, transversion, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic mutations.
Biochemistry (20 Questions)
Collection of blood sample and anticoagulants., Red Cell Counts, Haemocytometer and procedure
for R.B.C. Count., RBC diluting Fluid , Calculation , Write Cell Count, Procedure for W.B.C count , WBC
diluting fluid , Calculation , Differential white cell count. , Morphology of write cell, Normal values,
Romanosky Stains , Counting methods , Absolute Eosinophil Count Direct/Indirect smear
examination., ESR, Westergren’s, Wintrobe’s, Factors affecting ESR, Importance and Limitation ,
Normal value and interpretation. , Packed Cell Volume (Haematocrit), Macro and Micro method
,Interpretation., Haemoglobin estimation , Colorimetric method ,Sahali’s method,
Cyanmethaemoglobin method. , Interpretation of result , Red Cell Indices, Calculation and
importance of Reticulocyte count., Method-Interpretation ,Sickle Cell Preparation , Osmotic fragility
test- Interpretation ,Estimation of G-6-PD, Principle of Electrophoresis. , Preparation of bone marrow
aspiration and trephine biopsy.,Coagulation test: , Bleeding time , Whole blood coagulation time ,
Clot retraction test , Prothrombin time , Platelet count, Comments on peripheral smear., LE Cell
Phenomenon.
Leukocytes: Total count, differential count and variation in number, types of leukocytes and
function, Differential count, Leucopoiesis and Leukemia. Blood coagulation and lymph: Formation of
blood platlets (Thrombopoiesis), clotting mechanism, Bleeding and clotting time, anticoagulants,
failure of clotting mechanism
Instrumentation - Analytical balance - Centrifuges - Colorimeter and spectrophotometer - Flame photometer - Auto analyzers - Chromatography – Electrophoresis
Life Science (20 Questions)
Human blood group antigens, ABO blood group system and incompatibility, Rh blood group system
and incompatibility , Technique of grouping and cross matching , Collection of blood, Storage of
blood, Operation and Administration of Blood Bank and anticoagulants.
Chemistry of Carbohydrates ,Fat ,Amino acid , Water & Fat soluble Vitamin, Plasma protein.
Enzymes, Buffers, Molarily, indicators, Radioisotopes, Radiation hazard, RSA. Overview of Iron,
Calcium, Iodine, Flourine.. Overview of Nucleic Acids
Microbiology (20 Questions)
History of Microbiology, Microbes and their classification , Study of different , microscopes,
Morphology of bacteria, Motional requirements of bacteria, Preparation and uses of culture media,
Culture methods and identification of bacteria Sterilization and Disinfection
Post Name – Scientist C (Non-Medical)
Syllabus:
A) Specific Immunohematology topics-
1) Biochemistry and physiology of blood elements (8 Questions)
1. Red cells – Hemoglobin structure & function, Metabolic pathways , Membrane structure &
function, red cell antigens 2. White cells -Structure, function & kinetics, white cell antigens
3. Platelets - Structure, function & kinetics, platelet antigens
4. Physiology of Hemostasis - Role of platelets, Coagulation pathways ,Fibrinolysis 5. Hemo-dynamics of blood flow & volume
6. Iron metabolism
7. Bilirubin metabolism
2) Genetics (8 Questions)
1. Principles of basic genetics with regard to Mendelian Laws of Inheritance 2. Phenotype / genotype and population genetics
3. Genetics of blood groups , Principles of blood group inheritance
3) Transfusion medicine (10 Questions)
1. Blood components - Components Types , Indications, Leucodepletion
2. Storage of blood & components 3. Compatibility testing, Bombay blood group
4. Blood group systems
5. Screening for transfusion transmitted infections 6. Blood substitutes and hemopoietic agents
4) Hematology (18 Questions)
1. Hereditary anemia - Thalassemia , Sickle cell anemia , Enzymopathy , Others
2. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hemostatic disorders –Hemophilia, Von
Willebrand disease , Platelet disorders ,Qualitative disorders ,Quantitative disorders, DIC/TTP/HIT , Acquired disorders , Others
5) Immunology (18 Questions)
1. Antigens and Antibodies: Properties of antigen, adjuvant, epitopes. Basic structure classes &
sub- classes of antibodies with their biological activity, complement, antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins.
2. Basic & cellular immunology : Types of immunity & immune response, Mechanisms of acute
inflammation, lymphoid organism structure and classes antibodies, antigen and antibody
reactions, complement system, histocompatibility antigens (MHC) and their role in antigen presentation & cytotoxicity, cell adhesion molecules & their role in immunity
3. Hypersensitivity reactions
4. Autoimmunity 5. History of Microbiology, Microbes and their classification , Study of different , microscopes,
Morphology of bacteria, Motional requirements of bacteria, Preparation and uses of culture
media, Culture methods and identification of bacteria Sterilization and Disinfection
6) Molecular Biology (10 Questions)
1. DNA/RNA structure, transcription, translation, genomics, proteomics,stem cells 2. Sequencing Techniques, Basic Principles and Instrumentation, working and applications of- •
Purification of Proteins/ Enzymes • Protein Sequencing Techniques • DNA Sequencing
Techniques • RNA Sequencing Techniques • Blotting Techniques: Southern, northern,
western, south‐western blot 3. Cytogenetic techniques: Banding, karyotyping, in‐situ hybridization, image analysis. 4. Immunological methods: Antibody production (poly/monoclonal) ELISA, immunodiffusion,
immune-electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry. 5. Basic principles and applications of plant and animal tissues culture.
7) Biotechnology (9 Questions)
1. Bioinformatics: Introduction to Bioinformatics, Scope of bioinformatics,
bioinformatics and the internet, useful bioinformatics and sites on the www, data
explosion, sequencing DNA,RNA and proteins
2. Centrifugation: Principle of centrifugation. Rotor design and selection. Preparative
centrifugation - differential, rate-zonal, isopycnic, equilibrium isodensity
centrifugation with applications. Density gradient centrifugation – nature of gradient,
formation, sample
3. application and collection. Column Chromatography: Principle, working and
applications of GC, affinity, ion exchange, gel permeation, HPLC
4. Details of enzymes involved in gene cloning and their mode of action: Restriction
endonucleases - types, nomenclature, target sites, nature of cut ends, host control
restriction and modification, star activity, isoschizomers, application of RE
5. Application of recombinant DNA technology: Diagnosis of genetic diseases – Sickle
cell anaemia; Gene therapy – somatic and germ line gene therapy, Commercial
products – insulin
6. Mutation Terminology: alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype,
Somatic mutation, Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome mutation,
7. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift
mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution, transition, transversion,
missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic
mutations.
8. Transcription - mechanism of RNA transcription: Initiation, elongation and
termination; processing of t RNA , r RNA, mRNA (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)-
concept of split genes, reverse transcription. Role of Inhibitor- Rifampicin ,
Actinomycin D
9. Translation (protein biosynthesis)– Genetic code, mechanism of translation:
Activation of amino acids, chain initiation, elongation & termination: Post
translational modifications of proteins
8) Bioinformatics (9 Questions)
Drug Discovery Concepts
Identification of disease gene.
Genetics of drug metabolism therapeutic targets.
Interaction of molecules and gene based drug target.
NGS Sequencing & Bioinformatics approaches
Advance biological databases and tools: DNA microarray: Understanding of microarray
data, normalizing microarray data, detecting differential gene expression, co-relation of
gene expression data to biological processes and computational analysis tools.
Sequencing, Sanger sequencing, Next generation sequencing (NGS), Applications of
NGS: Whole Genome Sequencing, RNA-Seq, Exome Seq, Targeted Seq, Metagenomics,
Amplicon Sequencing, Sequencing platforms and its principles: Roche 454, Ion Torrent,
Illumina, PacBio.
Assembly types: Gene Ontology
Tools: BLAST, Polyphen, SNPEff
Post Name – Scientist C (Medical)
Syllabus:
Specific Immunohematology topics-
1) Biochemistry and physiology of blood elements (8 Questions)
1. Red cells – Hemoglobin structure & function, Metabolic pathways , Membrane structure &
function, red cell antigens
2. White cells -Structure, function & kinetics, white cell antigens 3. Platelets - Structure, function & kinetics, platelet antigens
4. Physiology of Hemostasis - Role of platelets, Coagulation pathways ,Fibrinolysis
5. Hemo-dynamics of blood flow & volume 6. Iron metabolism
7. Bilirubin metabolism
2) Transfusion medicine (10 Questions)
1. Acceptability criteria of blood donor
2. Blood components - Components Types , Indications, dosage & administration ,
Leucodepletion 3. Storage of blood & components
4. Compatibility testing, Bombay blood group
5. Blood group systems 6. Screening for transfusion transmitted infections
7. Prions, CJ disease , Lyme disease
8. Adverse effects of blood transfusion - Clinical presentation, pathophysiology, investigations, management , Hemolytic transfusion reaction , Non-Hemolytic transfusion reaction , Allergic,
anaphylactoid and anaphylactic reactions ,Alloimmunization to various elements of blood,
Transfusion associated graft versus host disease, Therapeutic apheresis
9. Blood substitutes and hemopoietic agents
3) Genetics (5 Questions)
1. Principles of basic genetics with regard to Mendelian Laws of Inheritance 2. Phenotype / genotype and population genetics
3. Genetics of blood groups , Principles of blood group inheritance
4) Molecular Biology (10 Questions)
1. DNA/RNA structure, transcription, translation, genomics, proteomics, stem cells 2. Sequencing Techniques, Basic Principles and Instrumentation, working and applications of- •
Purification of Proteins/ Enzymes • Protein Sequencing Techniques • DNA Sequencing
Techniques • RNA Sequencing Techniques • Blotting Techniques: Southern, northern,
western, south‐western blot 3. Cytogenetic techniques: Banding, karyotyping, in‐situ hybridization, image analysis. 4. Immunological methods: Antibody production (poly/monoclonal) ELISA, immunodiffusion,
immune-electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry.
5) Hematology (18 Questions)
3. Hereditary anemia - Thalassemia , Sickle cell anemia , Enzymopathy , Others 4. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hemostatic disorders –Hemophilia, Von
Willebrand disease , Platelet disorders ,Qualitative disorders ,Quantitative disorders,
DIC/TTP/HIT , Acquired disorders , Others
6) Immunology (18 Questions)
1. Antigens and Antibodies: Properties of antigen, adjuvant, epitopes. Basic structure classes &
sub- classes of antibodies with their biological activity, complement, antigenic determinants
on immunoglobulins.
2. Basic & cellular immunology : Types of immunity & immune response, Mechanisms of acute inflammation, lymphoid organism structure and classes antibodies, antigen and antibody
reactions, complement system, histocompatibility antigens (MHC) and their role in antigen
presentation & cytotoxicity, cell adhesion molecules & their role in immunity 3. Hypersensitivity reactions
4. Autoimmunity
5. Immunology of transplantation
6. Immune hemolyticanemia, Immune thrombocytopenia , Immune neutropenia 7. Immunodeficiency diseases a) Primary Immunodeficiency b) Defects in the Complement
System c) Treatment Approaches for Immunodeficiency d) Animal Models of Primary
Immunodeficiency e) Secondary Immunodeficiency & AIDS
7) Epidemiology (8 Questions)
1. Principles of Epidemiology and Epidemiological Methods
2. Epidemiology of hematological disorders
3. Health programmes related to hematological disorders in India
4. Genetics and health
5. Basic medical statistics
8) MBBS general topics (13 Questions)
1) Microbiology-Microbes and their classification , Morphology of bacteria, Motional
requirements of bacteria, uses of culture media, Culture methods , Sterilization and
Disinfection
2) General pathology of hematological and thrombotic disorders
3) General pathology of infectious diseases including Hepatitis B ,C and HIV
Post Name – Scientist B (Bioinformatics)
Syllabus:
1. Fundamentals of Bioinformatics (18 Questions))
Bioinformatics: an introduction, introduction about available computational tools and
databases on bioinformatics sites, biological literature information access, storage and
retrieval.
Bioinformatics Resources: pair wise sequence alignment and multiple sequence
alignments
Database similarity searches: BLAST, FASTA, PSI-BLAST algorithms
Primary Sequence & Structure Databases: Genbank, SwissProt/Uniprot, EMBL, PIR,
PDB, MMDB, NDB, CSD, KEGG.
Derived (Secondary) Databases of Sequences and Structure: Prosite, PRODOM,
PRINTS, Pfam, BLOCK, INTERPRO, SSOP, CATH, DSSP, FSSP, RNAbase.
Genome Databases: At NCBI, EBI, TIGR, SANGER, High-throughput genomics.
Sequences (EST, STS, GSS), ENSEMBL
Structure Analysis: Prediction of secondary structure: STRIDE, PHD, PSI-PRED.
Tertiary structure prediction: Homology modeling, Threading approaches, Ab-initio
methods.
Anatomy of Proteins: Ramachandran plot, Protein structure Motif, Domains, Folds,
principal of protein folding.
2. Basics of Computers (18 Questions)
Computers: types of computers, input process output cycle, input/output devices inside
the CPU, (Motherboard, Processor, Ram, Rom) storage devices, s/w and type of s/w,
introduction to windows and working with spreadsheet, presentation tools.
Operating System: Introduction to windows, files and folders, windows explorer, ms
office, linux/unix
Basics of Networking: LAN-MAN-WAN, Network Components, Internet, Web
Browsers, E-Mails, WWW.
Linux Commands and Filters
General Commands: ls, clear, man, date, cal, echo, cat.
File and Directory Commands: mv, rm, cp, pwd, mkdir, file comparision commands,
cuting and pasting.
Advance Commands: head, tail, wc, bc, tee, uname, sudo, ispell, sort, merge, uniq, tr,
granting previllages.
Filters: pipe, grep, sed, awk.
Shell Scripts: shell, bash, essentials - command line arguments, using arguments in Shell
scripts.
Controls Structures: if-elif-else-fi, case-esac, for loop, while loop.
Python Programming/Perl Programming
Python Programming
Getting started with Python: Installing Python. Types and variables, strings and numbers,
Operators
Control Structures: Conditional constructs and Loops, User Input
Collections: List and Tuples.
File Handling: File input output in python.
Regular expression: Pattern matching, Meta symbols, Pattern modifiers.
Functions and Packages: User Defined Functions, Parameter passing.
Error Handling in Python
Perl Programming
Introduction to Perl, Use of Perl in Bioinformatics, History, Availability Support and
Basic Concepts
Scalar Data: Number, String, Scalar Operators, Scalar Variables, Scalar Operators,
Functions,
Control Structure: Conditions and loops
Arrays and List Data: Basic Concepts, Assigning Values To An Array, Accessing Array
Elements, Array Functions, Command Line Arguments
Hashes: What is Hash? Why use Hash? Hash element access, Modifying Hashes , The
hash as whole, Hash Assignment, Hash function
Subroutine: Defining and invoking a user function (subroutine),Return values,
Arguments, Private variables in subroutines, The local operator, The difference between
local and my
Basic I/O: Introduction, File handles, Input from standard input, Input from the diamond
operator, The invocation arguments, Output to standard output, File Operators.
Directory Access: Moving around the directory tree, Globbing, An alternate syntax for
globbing, Directory handles, Skipping some files with dirhandles
Manipulating Files and Directories: Removing a file, Renaming a file, Creating a link to a
file,
Making and removing directories, Modifying permissions and ownership, Changing
timestamps
Regular Expressions: Use of regular expression, Using simple patterns, Matching
operators
Substitution and transliterate, Metacharacters
3. Data Base Management System (DBMS) and PL SQL (18 Questions)
Introduction: Types of DBMS, DBMS Architecture.
DBMS: Introduction to database management systems, database design using e/r
diagrams and normalization, forms of normalization.
Using a DBMS: creating a database, dropping a database, database properties.
Tables: Creating a table, altering a table, table Constraints and Keys.
SQL Commands: select command, dml commands (insert-update-delete), and nested
queries.
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Probability: basic concepts, bayes’s theorem. probability distribution: binomial, poisson,
normal distributions with application in biostatistics
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion: mean, median, mode, variance, standard
deviation, quartile deviation.
Sampling Distributions: concepts, sampling distributions of sample mean and
proportions.
Hypothesis: Z and t Distributions, F test. Chi Square Test: Goodness of fit, Independence
of Attributes.
Correlation and Regression: Introduction to bivariate and multivariate regression using
computer softwares, analysis of variance: one way classification using computer
softwares, introduction to MS Excel.
4. Advance Bioinformatics (18 Questions)
Drug Discovery Concepts
Computer aided molecule modeling and drug discovery: In silico drug designing.
Identification of disease gene.
Genetics of drug metabolism therapeutic targets.
Interaction of molecules and gene based drug target.
Drug Design Techniques and Molecular Modeling
Design of ligands for known macromolecules.
Ligand based computational approaches: QSAR and Pharmacophore methods.
Molecular modeling and simulations: Concept of molecular simulation, Simulation
techniques, application with molecular docking.
NGS Sequencing & Bioinformatics approaches
Advance biological databases and tools: DNA microarray: Understanding of microarray
data, normalizing microarray data, detecting differential gene expression, co-relation of
gene expression data to biological processes and computational analysis tools.
Sequencing, Sanger sequencing, Next generation sequencing (NGS), Applications of
NGS: Whole Genome Sequencing, RNA-Seq, Exome Seq, Targeted Seq, Metagenomics,
Amplicon Sequencing, Sequencing platforms and its principles: Roche 454, Ion Torrent,
Illumina, PacBio.
Quality filtering: Phred Score, length filtering, PrinSeq tool, Trimmomatic, host specific
screening, reference guided mapping, homology search
Assembly types: de novo assembly, reference assembly, N50 contig, Kmer size, Gene
Ontology, Promoter prediction
Tools: FASTQC, Quast, SPAdes, SOAP, Trinity, CLC Genomics Workbench, BLAST,
BWA, Bowtie, Cufflinks, TopHat, Samtools, Bedtools, VarScan, Genome Analysis
ToolKit, Polyphen, SNPEff, Integrative Genomics Viewer
5. Biotechnology (Molecular Biology), Phylogeny (18 Questions)
Molecular Biology and rDNA Technology:
Structure and organization of Nucleic acids; Replication of DNA, Transcription of DNA,
genetic code, translation of RNA, control of gene expression; Principles of gene cloning and
genetic engineering; Applications of rDNA technology; Protein Purification and
Characterization
Phylogeny
Phylogeny: Distance methods (UPGMA, Neighbour joining, felestein), Distance models
(Juke Cantor model, Kimura, Feleistein), Character methods (Max. Likelihood, Max
parsimony).
Algorithms and Techniques: Algorithm and sums of all the distance method to calculate
the genetic distance, Tree evaluation techniques. Application of phylogenesis